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Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Mohammadi M, Hashemzadeh MS. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Cancer Chemotherapy: Helpful Tools for Enhancing Chemo-sensitivity and Reducing Side Effects? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1878-1900. [PMID: 37639166 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is still a serious challenge. Chemo-resistance and destructive side effects of chemotherapy drugs are the most critical limitations of chemotherapy. Chemo-resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Chemo-resistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs, is caused by various reasons. Among the most important of these reasons is the increase in the efflux of chemotherapy drugs due to the rise in the expression and activity of ABC transporters, the weakening of apoptosis, and the strengthening of stemness. In the last decade, a significant number of studies focused on the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Considering the anti-cancer properties of zinc, zinc oxide nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years. Some studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can target the critical mechanisms of cancer chemo-resistance and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. These studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the activity of ABC transporters, increase DNA damage and apoptosis, and attenuate stemness in cancer cells, leading to enhanced chemo-sensitivity. Some other studies have also shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles in low doses can be helpful in minimizing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this article, after a brief overview of the mechanisms of chemo-resistance and anticancer effects of zinc, we will review all these studies in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Zhang X, Hou Y, Huang Y, Chen W, Zhang H. Interplay between zinc and cell proliferation and implications for the growth of livestock. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1402-1418. [PMID: 37391879 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays a critical role in the growth of livestock, which depends on cell proliferation. In addition to modifying the growth associated with its effects on food intake, mitogenic hormones, signal transduction and gene transcription, Zn also regulates body weight gain through mediating cell proliferation. Zn deficiency in animals leads to growth inhibition, along with an arrest of cell cycle progression at G0/G1 and S phase due to depression in the expression of cyclin D/E and DNA synthesis. Therefore, in the present study, the interplay between Zn and cell proliferation and implications for the growth of livestock were reviewed, in which Zn regulates cell proliferation in several ways, especially cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase DNA synthesis and mitosis. During the cell cycle, the Zn transporters and major Zn binding proteins such as metallothioneins are altered with the requirements of cellular Zn level and nuclear translocation of Zn. In addition, calcium signaling, MAPK pathway and PI3K/Akt cascades are also involved in the process of Zn-interfering cell proliferation. The evidence collected over the last decade highlights the necessity of Zn for normal cell proliferation, which suggests Zn supplementation should be considered for the growth and health of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhuang Hou
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaiyong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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de Cubas L, Mallor J, Herrera-Fernández V, Ayté J, Vicente R, Hidalgo E. Expression of the H2O2 Biosensor roGFP-Tpx1.C160S in Fission and Budding Yeasts and Jurkat Cells to Compare Intracellular H2O2 Levels, Transmembrane Gradients, and Response to Metals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030706. [PMID: 36978953 PMCID: PMC10045392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels can oscillate from low, physiological concentrations, to intermediate, signaling ones, and can participate in toxic reactions when overcoming certain thresholds. Fluorescent protein-based reporters to measure intracellular H2O2 have been developed in recent decades. In particular, the redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP)-based proteins fused to peroxiredoxins are among the most sensitive H2O2 biosensors. Using fission yeast as a model system, we recently demonstrated that the gradient of extracellular-to-intracellular peroxides through the plasma membrane is around 300:1, and that the concentration of physiological H2O2 is in the low nanomolar range. Here, we have expressed the very sensitive probe roGFP2-Tpx1.C169S in two other model systems, budding yeast and human Jurkat cells. As in fission yeast, the biosensor is ~40–50% oxidized in these cell types, suggesting similar peroxide steady-state levels. Furthermore, probe oxidation upon the addition of extracellular peroxides is also quantitatively similar, suggesting comparable plasma membrane H2O2 gradients. Finally, as a proof of concept, we have applied different concentrations of zinc to all three model systems and have detected probe oxidation, demonstrating that an excess of this metal can cause fluctuations of peroxides, which are moderate in yeasts and severe in mammalian cells. We conclude that the principles governing H2O2 fluxes are very similar in different model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Cubas
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Mallor
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Herrera-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-316-0848; Fax: +34-93-316-0901
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Ertilav K, Nazıroğlu M. Honey bee venom melittin increases the oxidant activity of cisplatin and kills human glioblastoma cells by stimulating the TRPM2 channel. Toxicon 2023; 222:106993. [PMID: 36528210 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melittin (MLT) treatment is believed to enhance tumor cell death, apoptotic, and oxidative cytotoxic effects of cisplatin (CSP) via the modulation of Ca2+ channels in several cancer lines. The activation of TRPM2 mediated anticancer and CSP resistance actions via mitochondrial Ca2+ and Zn2+ accumulation-induced mitochondrial reactive free oxygen species (MitSOX) in the glioblastoma cells. The aim was to elucidate the effects of CSP and MLT combination via the TRPM2 stimulation on the tumor cell viability, cell number, cell death (propidium iodide/Hoechst rate), apoptosis, and MitSOX levels in the DBTRG-05MG cells. In the DBTRG-05MG cells, we induced four groups as control, MLT (2.5 μg/ml for 24 h), CSP (25 μM for 24 h), and CSP + MLT. The CSP-induced intracellular Ca2+ influxes to the TRPM2 activation were increased in the cells from coming H2O2 and ADP-Ribose. The influxes were decreased in the cells by the incubations of TRPM2 antagonists (ACA and carvacrol). The incubation of CSP increased the parameters of intracellular Ca2+ responses, mitochondria function, cytosolic free Zn2+ accumulation, apoptosis (caspase -3, -8, and -9), and MitSOX generation in the tumor cells. After the treatment of MLT with/without CSP, the parameters were further increased in the cells. In conclusion, the treatment of MLT increased the anticancer, tumor cell death, apoptotic, and oxidant effects of CSP in the glioblastoma tumor cells via activating the TRPM2. As a result, TRPM2 stimulation by MLT may be utilized as a successful agent in the CSP treatment of glioblastoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Ertilav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; BSN Health, Analysis and Innovation Ltd., Goller Bolgesi Teknokenti, Isparta, Turkey.
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5
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A mutation in SLC30A9, a zinc transporter, causes an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:175-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Martínez VR, Aguirre MV, Todaro JS, Ferrer EG, Williams PAM. Candesartan and valsartan Zn(ii) complexes as inducing agents of reductive stress: mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Candesartan and valsartan Zn(ii) complexes as inducing agents of reductive stress, including mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R. Martínez
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - María V. Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
- Facultad de Medicina
- UNNE
- Corrientes
- Argentina
| | - Juan S. Todaro
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
- Facultad de Medicina
- UNNE
- Corrientes
- Argentina
| | - Evelina G. Ferrer
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP)
- La Plata
- Argentina
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Chen L, Yu X, Ding H, Zhao Y, Hu C, Feng J. Comparing the Influence of High Doses of Different Zinc Salts on Oxidative Stress and Energy Depletion in IPEC-J2 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:481-493. [PMID: 31732928 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the influence of four supplemental zinc salts (chelated: Zn glycine; non-chelated: Zn sulfate, Zn citrate, Zn gluconate) among different zinc concentrations (30-300 μM) on cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and energy depletion in intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Different zinc salts affected cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was mainly dependent on the uptake of intracellular Zn2+. Intracellular Zn2+ of Zn sulfate has taken up almost twice as high as Zn glycine when cells were loaded with 100-200 μM zinc. After loading cells with 300 μM zinc, Zn glycine and Zn sulfate had a similar trend in accumulation of Zn2+. When the intracellular Zn2+ overloads, cells will gradually be damaged and subsequently die bearing biochemical features of necrosis or late apoptosis. Meanwhile, obviously, increased levels of intracellular ROS, mitochondrial ROS, MDA, and NO and decreased levels of GSH were observed. Excessive intracellular Zn2+ significantly decreased mitochondria membrane potential accompanied by an obvious loss of ATP and NAD+ levels. Overall, exposure to high doses of zinc salts caused cell damage, which was mainly dependent on the uptake of Zn2+. Zinc overload induced oxidative stress and energy depletion in IPEC-J2 cells, and the cell damage with non-chelated zinc addition was more serious than Zn glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Hacioglu C, Kacar S, Kar F, Kanbak G, Sahinturk V. Concentration-Dependent Effects of Zinc Sulfate on DU-145 Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line: Oxidative, Apoptotic, Inflammatory, and Morphological Analyzes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:436-444. [PMID: 31463762 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc takes part in several of cellular signaling pathways, containing defense against free radicals, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, interaction between zinc and prostate cancer progression is poorly understood. Therefore, zinc treatment in DU-145 human prostate cancer cells was investigated. First, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) concentrations with antiproliferative effect were determined using MTT assay. Then, ZnSO4-induced oxidative damage was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, total oxidant status (TOS) levels, and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. Apoptotic effects of ZnSO4 were determined by measuring biochemical and immunohistochemical parameters including caspase 3 (CASP3), cytochrome C (CYC), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels. Inflammatory effects of ZnSO4 were investigated by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Finally, morphological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. We found that ZnSO4 caused a concentration-dependent increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways. Moreover, there were a number of morphological alterations in treated cells depending on the ZnSO4 concentration. Consequently, our data showed that zinc acts as a regulator of increased oxidative damage and apoptosis through the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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10
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Slepchenko KG, Lu Q, Li YV. Cross talk between increased intracellular zinc (Zn 2+) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chemical ischemia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C448-C459. [PMID: 28747335 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both zinc (Zn2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to accumulate during hypoxic-ischemic stress and play important roles in pathological processes. To understand the cross talk between the two of them, here we studied Zn2+ and ROS accumulation by employing fluorescent probes in HeLa cells to further the understanding of the cause and effect relationship of these two important cellular signaling systems during chemical-ischemia, stimulated by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). We observed two Zn2+ rises that were divided into four phases in the course of 30 min of OGD. The first Zn2+ rise was a transient, which was followed by a latent phase during which Zn2+ levels recovered; however, levels remained above a basal level in most cells. The final phase was the second Zn2+ rise, which reached a sustained plateau called Zn2+ overload. Zn2+ rises were not observed when Zn2+ was removed by TPEN (a Zn2+ chelator) or thapsigargin (depleting Zn2+ from intracellular stores) treatment, indicating that Zn2+ was from intracellular storage. Damaging mitochondria with FCCP significantly reduced the second Zn2+ rise, indicating that the mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation contributes to Zn2+ overload. We also detected two OGD-induced ROS rises. Two Zn2+ rises preceded two ROS rises. Removal of Zn2+ reduced or delayed OGD- and FCCP-induced ROS generation, indicating that Zn2+ contributes to mitochondrial ROS generation. There was a Zn2+-induced increase in the functional component of NADPH oxidase, p47phox, thus suggesting that NADPH oxidase may mediate Zn2+-induced ROS accumulation. We suggest a new mechanism of cross talk between Zn2+ and mitochondrial ROS through positive feedback processes that eventually causes excessive free Zn2+ and ROS accumulations during the course of ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira G Slepchenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio; and
| | - Qiping Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Yang V Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio; and
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12
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Rudolf E. Increased Uptake of Zinc in Malignant Cells is Associated with Enhanced Activation of MAPK Signalling and P53-Dependent Cell Injury. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017; 51:43-9. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Excess intracellular zinc has been demonstrated to be responsible for cell injury and cell death in various experimental as well as clinical models. While the cells possess a system of mechanisms regulating intracellular zinc homeostasis, their saturation by acutely increased zinc levels or by a sustained exposure to elevated zinc levels results in liberation of free zinc stores within the cells and ultimate cell damage and cell death. Here we report that in Hep-2 malignant cells enhanced uptake of zinc causes activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling with resulting p53-dependent cell injury which can be significantly prevented by specific p53 inhibition and by prevention of oxidative stress. Our observations are consistent with the view that subacutely increased intracellular free zinc levels stimulate via oxidative stress p53-dependent pathways which are responsible for the final cell damage in tumor cells.
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Overexpression of Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Reductase Core Protein 1 May Protect H9c2 Cardiac Cells by Binding with Zinc. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1314297. [PMID: 28676853 PMCID: PMC5476884 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In several recent studies, proteomics analyses suggest that increase of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) is cardio-protective. However, direct evidence for this effect has not yet been obtained. Thus, the current study aimed to determine this effect and the mechanism underlying this effect. The results showed that overexpression of UQCRC1 protected H9c2 cardiac cells against in vitro simulated ischemia-reperfusion by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressing the expression of caspase-3. These protective effects were significantly enhanced by exogenous Zn2+ but completely abolished by Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN. Furthermore, the upregulation of UQCRC1 reduced the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria, whereas the downregulation of UQCRC1 increased the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria. In conclusion, the overexpression of UQCRC1 can protect H9c2 cardiac cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion, and this cardio-protective effect is likely mediated by zinc binding.
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Qin X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xu G, Zou Z. LAMP-2 mediates oxidative stress-dependent cell death in Zn 2+ -treated lung epithelium cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:177-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Ninsontia C, Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Kiratipaiboon C, Chanvorachote P. Zinc suppresses stem cell properties of lung cancer cells through protein kinase C-mediated β-catenin degradation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C487-C499. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00173.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) residing in most cancers are responsible for cancer progression and treatment failure. Zinc is an element regulator of several cell functions; however, its role in regulation of stem cell program in lung cancer has not been demonstrated. The present study reveals for the first time that zinc can suppress stem cell properties of lung cancer cells. Such findings were proved in different lung cancer cell lines (H460, H23, and H292) and it was found that CSC markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1), stem cell-associated transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox-2), and the ability to form tumor spheroid were dramatically suppressed by zinc treatments. Zinc was found to activate protein kinase C-α (PKCα) that further phosphorylated and mediated β-catenin degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Zinc was found to increase the β-catenin-ubiquitin complex, which can be inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I. Using specific reactive oxygen species detection and antioxidants, we have demonstrated that superoxide anions generated by zinc are a key upstream mechanism for PKCα activation leading to the subsequent suppression of stem cell features of lung cancer. Zinc increased cellular superoxide anions and the addition of superoxide anion scavenger prevented the activation of PKCα and β-catenin degradation. These findings indicate a novel role for zinc regulation in the PKCα/β-catenin pathway and explain an important mechanism for controlling of stem cell program in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanin Kiratipaiboon
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Silvestri S, Orlando P, Brugè F, Falcioni G, Tiano L. Effect of different metals on oxidative state and mitochondrial membrane potential in trout erythrocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:280-285. [PMID: 27566895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis of metal ions is critical for life and excessive exposure can promote cellular damage that could be due to oxidative damage. In this context we evaluated the effects of three different elements (copper, zinc and aluminum) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial functionality in nucleated trout erythrocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Flowcytometric measurements using MitoProbe and DCFDA-H2 as fluorescent probes, indicated that redox active copper was able to influence all the biological parameters considered while redox inert, zinc and aluminum, show no significant effects. Toxicity of Al and Zn represent a debated argument and their ability to interact with other endogenous metal ions/metal binding proteins could play a role modulating their cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Brugè
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Ninsontia C, Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Chanvorachote P. Zinc induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer H460 cells via superoxide anion-dependent mechanism. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:48. [PMID: 27330411 PMCID: PMC4912812 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be a crucial enhancing mechanism in the process of cancer metastasis, as it increases cancer cell capabilities to migrate, invade and survive in circulating systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of essential element zinc on EMT characteristics in lung cancer cells. METHODS The effect of zinc on EMT was evaluated by determining the EMT behaviors using migration, invasion and colony formation assay. EMT markers were examined by western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by specific fluorescence dyes and flow cytometry. All results were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by individual comparisons with post hoc test. RESULTS The present study has revealed for the first time that the zinc could induce EMT and related metastatic behaviors in lung cancer cells. Results showed that treatment of the cells with zinc resulted in the significant increase of EMT markers N-cadherin, vimentin, snail and slug and decrease of E-cadherin proteins. Zinc-treated cells exhibited the mesenchymal-like morphology and increased cancer cell motility with significant increase of activated FAK, Rac1, and RhoA. Also, tumorigenic abilities of lung cancer cells could be enhanced by zinc. Importantly, the underlying mechanism was found to be caused by the ability of zinc to generate intracellular superoxide anion. Zinc was shown to induce cellular superoxide anion generation and the up-regulation of EMT markers and the induced cell migration and invasion in zinc-treated cells could be attenuated by the treatment of MnTBAP, a specific superoxide anion inhibitor. CONCLUSION Knowledge gains from this study may highlight the roles of this important element in the regulation of EMT and cancer metastasis and fulfill the understanding in the area of cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Kocdor H, Ates H, Aydin S, Cehreli R, Soyarat F, Kemanli P, Harmanci D, Cengiz H, Kocdor MA. Zinc supplementation induces apoptosis and enhances antitumor efficacy of docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3899-909. [PMID: 26251569 PMCID: PMC4524380 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s87662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to exogenous zinc results in increased apoptosis, growth inhibition, and altered oxidative stress in cancer cells. Previous studies also suggested that zinc sensitizes some cancer cells to cytotoxic agents depending on the p53 status. Therefore, zinc supplementation may show anticancer efficacy solely and may increase docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. METHODS Here, we report the effects of several concentrations of zinc combined with docetaxel on p53-wild-type (A549) and p53-null (H1299) cells. We evaluated cellular viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression as well as oxidative stress parameters, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels. RESULTS Zinc reduced the viability of A549 cells and increased the apoptotic response in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Zinc also amplified the docetaxel effects and reduced its inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values. The superoxide dismutase levels increased in all treatment groups; however, glutathione peroxidase was slightly increased in the combination treatments. Zinc also caused malondialdehyde elevations at 50 μM and 100 μM. CONCLUSION Zinc has anticancer efficacy against non-small-cell lung cancer cells in the presence of functionally active p53 and enhances docetaxel efficacy in both p53-wild-type and p53-deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kocdor
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Halil Ates
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ruksan Cehreli
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Firat Soyarat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Pinar Kemanli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Duygu Harmanci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Hakan Cengiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kocdor
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Uski O, Jalava PI, Happo MS, Torvela T, Leskinen J, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Tissari J, Sippula O, Lamberg H, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR. Effect of fuel zinc content on toxicological responses of particulate matter from pellet combustion in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:331-340. [PMID: 25553547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant amounts of transition metals such as zinc, cadmium and copper can become enriched in the fine particle fraction during biomass combustion with Zn being one of the most abundant transition metals in wood combustion. These metals may have an important role in the toxicological properties of particulate matter (PM). Indeed, many epidemiological studies have found associations between mortality and PM Zn content. The role of Zn toxicity on combustion PM was investigated. Pellets enriched with 170, 480 and 2300 mg Zn/kg of fuel were manufactured. Emission samples were generated using a pellet boiler and the four types of PM samples; native, Zn-low, Zn-medium and Zn-high were collected with an impactor from diluted flue gas. The RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was exposed for 24h to different doses (15, 50,150 and 300 μg ml(-1)) of the emission samples to investigate their ability to cause cytotoxicity, to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), to altering the cell cycle and to trigger genotoxicity as well as to promote inflammation. Zn enriched pellets combusted in a pellet boiler produced emission PM containing ZnO. Even the Zn-low sample caused extensive cell cycle arrest and there was massive cell death of RAW 264.7 macrophages at the two highest PM doses. Moreover, only the Zn-enriched emission samples induced a dose dependent ROS response in the exposed cells. Inflammatory responses were at a low level but macrophage inflammatory protein 2 reached a statistically significant level after exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to ZnO containing emission particles. ZnO content of the samples was associated with significant toxicity in almost all measured endpoints. Thus, ZnO may be a key component producing toxicological responses in the PM emissions from efficient wood combustion. Zn as well as the other transition metals, may contribute a significant amount to the ROS responses evoked by ambient PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Uski
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - P I Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - M S Happo
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - T Torvela
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Leskinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Mäki-Paakkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Tissari
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - O Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - H Lamberg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - M-R Hirvonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
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20
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Modulators of cellular senescence: mechanisms, promises, and challenges from in vitro studies with dietary bioactive compounds. Nutr Res 2014; 34:1017-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Wages PA, Silbajoris R, Speen A, Brighton L, Henriquez A, Tong H, Bromberg PA, Simmons SO, Samet JM. Role of H2O2 in the oxidative effects of zinc exposure in human airway epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2014; 3:47-55. [PMID: 25462065 PMCID: PMC4297933 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a global environmental health concern. Zinc (Zn2+) is a ubiquitous respiratory toxicant that has been associated with PM health effects. However, the molecular mechanism of Zn2+ toxicity is not fully understood. H2O2 and Zn2+ have been shown to mediate signaling leading to adverse cellular responses in the lung and we have previously demonstrated Zn2+ to cause cellular H2O2 production. To determine the role of Zn2+-induced H2O2 production in the human airway epithelial cell response to Zn2+ exposure. BEAS-2B cells expressing the redox-sensitive fluorogenic sensors HyPer (H2O2) or roGFP2 (EGSH) in the cytosol or mitochondria were exposed to 50 µM Zn2+ for 5 min in the presence of 1 µM of the zinc ionophore pyrithione. Intracellular H2O2 levels were modulated using catalase expression either targeted to the cytosol or ectopically to the mitochondria. HO-1 mRNA expression was measured as a downstream marker of response to oxidative stress induced by Zn2+ exposure. Both cytosolic catalase overexpression and ectopic catalase expression in mitochondria were effective in ablating Zn2+-induced elevations in H2O2. Compartment-directed catalase expression blunted Zn2+-induced elevations in cytosolic EGSH and the increased expression of HO-1 mRNA levels. Zn2+ leads to multiple oxidative effects that are exerted through H2O2-dependent and independent mechanisms. We used targeted catalase expression to examine the role of H2O2 in Zn2+-induced effects. Cytosolic or mitochondrial catalase ablated Zn2+-induced mitochondrial H2O2 production. Catalase expression blunted Zn2+-induced cytosolic EGSH and HO-1 mRNA. Independently, decreasing GSHtotal or increasing EGSH failed to induce HO-1 mRNA. Zn2+ causes multiple oxidative effects by H2O2-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wages
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Silbajoris
- EPHD, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Speen
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luisa Brighton
- CEMALB, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- EPHD, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- CEMALB, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - James M Samet
- EPHD, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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22
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Wu W, Bromberg PA, Samet JM. Zinc ions as effectors of environmental oxidative lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:57-69. [PMID: 23747928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The redox-inert transition metal Zn is a micronutrient that plays essential roles in protein structure, catalysis, and regulation of function. Inhalational exposure to ZnO or to soluble Zn salts in occupational and environmental settings leads to adverse health effects, the severity of which appears dependent on the flux of Zn(2+) presented to the airway and alveolar cells. The cellular toxicity of exogenous Zn(2+) exposure is characterized by cellular responses that include mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated production of reactive oxygen species, and loss of signaling quiescence leading to cell death and increased expression of adaptive and inflammatory genes. Central to the molecular effects of Zn(2+) are its interactions with cysteinyl thiols, which alters their functionality by modulating their reactivity and participation in redox reactions. Ongoing studies aimed at elucidating the molecular toxicology of Zn(2+) in the lung are contributing valuable information about its role in redox biology and cellular homeostasis in normal and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health XinXiang Medical University XinXiang, China 453003; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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Abstract
Haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is often viewed as a cytoprotective gene. Toxic heavy metals induce HO-1, but it is unclear whether particular metal micronutrients also induce HO-1. Hence, the ability of exogenously-added copper, iron and zinc to influence HO-1 expression in HCT-116 cells was evaluated. Under the chosen experimental conditions, only zinc noticeably increased the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein. Concurrently, zinc decreased non-protein thiol levels to a certain extent, but zinc did not increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, ascorbate and Trolox did not inhibit zinc-induced HO-1 upregulation. In contrast, deferoxamine blunted the induction of HO-1 mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity caused by zinc. Additionally, N-acetylcysteine and Tiron inhibited zinc-induced HO-1 upregulation and also nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Collectively, these findings suggest that zinc at above normal levels upregulates HO-1 expression in HCT-116 cells in a ROS-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail F Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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Chen X, Wang J, Qin Q, Jiang Y, Yang G, Rao K, Wang Q, Xiong W, Yuan J. Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of Caspase3 in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:421-430. [PMID: 22387354 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
L02 and HepG2 cells were exposed to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) at concentrations of 6.25-100μM. After 48h treatment, MEHP decreased HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and L02 cell viability in the 50 and 100μM groups (p<0.01). Furthermore, at 24 and 48h after treatment, MEHP decreased the glutathione levels of HepG2 cells in all treatment groups and in the ΔΨ(m) in L02 and HepG2 cells with MEHP≥25μM (p<0.05 or p<0.01). At 24h after treatment, MEHP induced activation of caspase3 in all treated HepG2 and L02 cells (p<0.05 or p<0.01) except the 100μM MEHP treatment group. The increase in the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio suggests that Bcl-2 family involved in the control of MEHP-induced apoptosis in these two cell types. The data suggest that MEHP could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through mitochondria- and caspase3-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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25
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The Zinc Ionophore PCI-5002 Radiosensitizes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Enhancing Autophagic Cell Death. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:1542-52. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182208fac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Mechanism(s) of Toxic Action of Zn and Selenite: A Study on AS-30D Hepatoma Cells and Isolated Mitochondria. Biochem Res Int 2011; 2011:387297. [PMID: 21860797 PMCID: PMC3154521 DOI: 10.1155/2011/387297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria of AS-30D rat ascites hepatoma cells are found to be the main target for Zn2+ and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). High [mu]M concentrations of Zn2+ or selenite were strongly cytotoxic, killing the AS-30D cells by both apoptotic and necrotic ways. Both Zn2+ and selenite produced strong changes in intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial dysfunction via the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) disturbance, the membrane potential dissipation, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. The significant distinctions in toxic action of Zn2+ and selenite on AS-30D cells were found. Selenite induced a much higher intracellular ROS level (the early event) compared to Zn2+ but a lower membrane potential loss and a lower decrease of the uncoupled respiration rate of the cells, whereas the mtETC disturbance was the early and critical event in the mechanism of Zn2+ cytotoxicity. Sequences of events manifested in the mitochondrial dysfunction produced by the metal/metalloid under test are compared with those obtained earlier for Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ on the same model system.
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27
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Increased level of exogenous zinc induces cytotoxicity and up-regulates the expression of the ZnT-1 zinc transporter gene in pancreatic cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:79-88. [PMID: 20392624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A balance between zinc uptake by ZIP (SLC39) and efflux of zinc from the cytoplasm into subcellular organelles and out of the cell by ZnT (SLC30) transporters is crucial for zinc homeostasis. It is not clear whether normal and cancerous pancreatic cells respond differently to increased extracellular zinc concentrations. Use of flow cytometry-based methods revealed that treatment with as little as 0.01 mM zinc induced significant cytotoxicity in two human ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. In contrast, normal human pancreatic islet cells tolerated as high as 0.5 mM zinc. Insulinoma cell lines of mouse and rat origin also succumbed to high concentrations of zinc. Exposure to elevated zinc concentrations enhanced the numbers of carcinoma but not primary islet cells staining with the cell-permeable zinc-specific fluorescent dye, FluoZin-3, indicating increased zinc influx in transformed cells. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization, superoxide generation, decreased antioxidant thiols, intracellular acidosis and activation of intracellular caspases characterized zinc-induced carcinoma cell death. Only the antioxidant glutathione but not inhibitors of enzymes implicated in apoptosis or necrosis prevented zinc-induced cytotoxicity in insulinoma cells. Immunoblotting revealed that zinc treatment increased the ubiquitination of proteins in cancer cells. Importantly, zinc treatment up-regulated the expression of ZnT-1 gene in a rat insulinoma cell line and in two human ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. These results indicate that the exposure of pancreatic cancer cells to elevated extracellular zinc concentrations can lead to cytotoxic cell death characterized by increased protein ubiquitination and up-regulation of the zinc transporter ZnT-1 gene expression.
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Rudolf E, Červinka M. Zinc pyrithione induces cellular stress signaling and apoptosis in Hep-2 cervical tumor cells: the role of mitochondria and lysosomes. Biometals 2010; 23:339-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Effect of zinc on regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Lin YS, Lin LC, Lin SW. Effects of zinc supplementation on the survival of patients who received concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: follow-up of a double-blind randomized study with subgroup analysis. Laryngoscope 2009; 119:1348-52. [PMID: 19402154 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Dietary zinc has been reported to have positive effects on treating carcinoma. This study examined the effects of zinc supplementation on the improved survival of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CCRT). STUDY DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study with subgroup analysis. METHODS Thirty-four patients with stages III and IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected from a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. All the patients were randomized to receive a standard dose (75 mg/day for 2 months) of zinc supplements or placebo, in conjunction with CCRT. The overall local recurrence, metastasis, and disease-free survivals were defined as the period between the time of first treatment to the time of death, local recurrence, or distant metastases occurred. RESULTS Patients in the experimental group exhibited a higher 5-year overall local-free and disease-free survival rate than the patients in the placebo group (P = .044, P = .007, and P = .033, respectively). However, no significant differences were found between both patient groups for the 5-year metastases-free survival rate (P = .149). CONCLUSIONS Zinc supplementation prescribed in conjunction with CCRT effects attenuating local tumor recurrence and improves the overall survival of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The failure to reduce distant metastasis survival might have been related in part to the more advanced disease stages in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Song Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yung Kan City, Tainan County, Taiwan.
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31
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Simmons SO, Fan CY, Ramabhadran R. Cellular stress response pathway system as a sentinel ensemble in toxicological screening. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:202-25. [PMID: 19567883 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High costs, long test times, and societal concerns related to animal use have required the development of in vitro assays for the rapid and cost-effective toxicological evaluation and characterization of compounds in both the pharmaceutical and environmental arenas. Although the pharmaceutical industry has developed very effective, high-throughput in vitro assays for determining the therapeutic potential of compounds, the application of this approach to toxicological screening has been limited. A primary reason for this is that while drug candidate screens are directed to a specific target/mechanism, xenobiotics can cause toxicity through any of a myriad of undefined interactions with cellular components and processes. Given that it is not practical to design assays that can interrogate each potential toxicological target, an integrative approach is required if there is to be a rapid and low-cost toxicological evaluation of chemicals. Cellular stress response pathways offer a viable solution to the creation of a set of integrative assays as there is a limited and hence manageable set (a small ensemble of 10 or less) of major cellular stress response pathways through which cells mount a homoeostatic response to toxicants and which also participate in cell fate/death decisions. Further, over the past decades, these pathways have been well characterized at a molecular level thereby enabling the development of high-throughput cell-based assays using the components of the pathways. Utilization of the set of cellular stress response pathway-based assays as indicators of toxic interactions of chemicals with basic cellular machinery will potentially permit the clustering of chemicals based on biological response profiles of common mode of action (MOA) and also the inference of the specific MOA of a toxicant. This article reviews the biochemical characteristics of the stress response pathways, their common architecture that enables rapid activation during stress, their participation in cell fate decisions, the essential nature of these pathways to the organism, and the biochemical basis of their cross-talk that permits an assay ensemble screening approach. Subsequent sections describe how the stress pathway ensemble assay approach could be applied to screening potentially toxic compounds and discuss how this approach may be used to derive toxicant MOA from the biological activity profiles that the ensemble strategy provides. The article concludes with a review of the application of the stress assay concept to noninvasive in vivo assessments of chemical toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O Simmons
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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Millan A, Huerta S. Apoptosis-Inducing Factor and Colon Cancer. J Surg Res 2009; 151:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kamiński P, Kurhalyuk N, Jerzak L, Kasprzak M, Tkachenko H, Klawe JJ, Szady-Grad M, Koim B, Wiśniewska E. Ecophysiological determinations of antioxidant enzymes and lipoperoxidation in the blood of White Stork Ciconia ciconia from Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:29-39. [PMID: 19019353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks (aged 19-54 days) in Poland in 2006. We took under consideration superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ceruloplasmine (CP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (malondialdehyde) in polluted (copper manufacture), suburban areas, at the Odra meadows, and at swamps near Baltic Sea in the Pomeranian region. We examined the levels of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cd, and Pb and compared ecophysiological determinations for developing storks. Blood samples of wing venous were collected from 91 chicks from 33 nests. The degree of activity of antioxidant enzymes studied has been different in White Stork chicks' blood from Poland regions, as a rule. We have stated a relatively high level of CAT, GPx, SOD, and GR activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in chicks from polluted areas. However, relative value for GR in storks from Odra meadows was considerably higher (about 112 nmol NADPH(2)/min ml) than those in chicks from other environments (56-84 nmol on average). Relatively high levels of CAT, CP, and GPx (2.7 mkM/min l, 22.2 mg/l, and 3.8 nmol GSH/min ml, respectively) were also stated in chicks nested in swamps near Baltic Sea. Simultaneously, we have stated differences (p<0.02-p<0.001) in the level of elements (besides Ca) in blood of young storks from the studied areas. We found a high level of toxic metals, e.g. Cd, either from swamps near Baltic Sea (2.7 mg/kg) or from Głogów smelter (2.2mg/kg), whilst Pb concentration was high in chicks from Głogów (7.2 mg/kg). Cd and Pb levels in blood of chicks were different in individuals from each region (p<0.001). Birds from a smelter have the highest level of these elements, whereas the lowest one was stated in chicks from Odra meadows (Cd: 1.45, Pb: 0.84 mg/kg). Thus, Cd could be a useful marker of response for polluted stress. We also observed a relatively high level of Mg in chicks from both Pomeranian (7000 mg/kg) and polluted (about 6000 mg/kg) areas. Potassium, zinc, and cobalt levels were highest in chicks from suburbs (4.65, 10.1, and 2.7 mg/kg, respectively) and polluted regions (3.8, 9.7, and 5.6 mg/kg, respectively), whilst Cu and Mn were highest in those from polluted (10.9 and 47.6 mg/kg, respectively) and Pomeranian regions (11 and 42.2 mg/kg, respectively). Concentrations of Na, K, and Ca in chicks from Głogów smelter (143.2, 3.8, and 115.9 mg/kg, respectively) were often similar to those from Odra meadows (147.8, 3.6, and 112.5 mg/kg, respectively). This was probably due to a similar degree of homeostatic regulations of an organism. The levels of Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu were often different (p<0.02-p<0.001) in the blood of White Stork chicks from the studied areas. Co, Pb, and Cd levels were higher (p<0.001) in chicks from Głogów smelter than in those from Odra meadows. It is evidence for importance of anthropopression, which influenced the course of biogeochemical processes and the bioaccumulation of toxic metals locally. This takes place also in chicks from swamps near Baltic Sea, in which the level of Cd was high (2.7 mg/kg); so we can state the high intensity of intoxication in this region. We can conclude that the use of hematological research assesses the condition of birds and might give a positive association with miscellaneous environmental loads. The high concentration of toxic heavy metals involved greater intensity of antioxidant enzymes' activity. Environmental intoxication causes an increase of lipoperoxidation intensity in growing chicks and changes the response of their immunological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kamiński
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Skłodowska-Curie Street 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Feng P, Li T, Guan Z, Franklin RB, Costello LC. The involvement of Bax in zinc-induced mitochondrial apoptogenesis in malignant prostate cells. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:25. [PMID: 18331646 PMCID: PMC2329666 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development and progression of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal zinc-accumulating epithelial cells to malignant cells that have lost the ability to accumulate zinc. This metabolic transformation is essential so that the tumor suppressive effects of zinc can be eliminated and the malignant process can proceed. One of the major effects of zinc is its prevention of prostate cell growth by its induction of apoptosis. The accumulation of cellular zinc has a direct effect on the mitochondria that results in the release of cytochrome c, which initiates the caspase cascade that leads to apoptosis. This effect is associated with the mitochondrial pore-forming process, but the mechanism by which zinc induces the release of cytochrome c and induces mitochondrial apoptogenesis has not been resolved. The present report provides for the first time information that implicates Bax in the zinc induction of mitochondrial apoptogenesis. Results The effects of zinc treatment on the Bax levels of PC-3 cells and on the mitochondria were determined. The exposure of isolated mitochondria to zinc results in an increase in membrane bound Bax, which is due to the mitochondrial insertion of endogenous resident Bax. The mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2 ratio is increased by zinc treatment. Zinc treatment of PC-3 cells also increases the mitochondrial level of Bax. In addition, zinc treatment increases the cellular level of Bax and the cellular Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Down regulation of Bax in PC-3 cells eliminates the zinc induction of apoptosis. The increase in cellular Bax level appears to involve zinc induction of Bax gene expression. Conclusion This report extends and confirms that physiological levels of zinc induce apoptosis in prostate cells. The study provides evidence that zinc is directly involved in facilitating a Bax-associated pore formation process that initiates mitochondrial apoptogenesis. This is enhanced by an additional effect of zinc on increasing the cellular level of Bax. To avoid the anti-tumor apoptogenic effects of zinc, the malignant cells in prostate cancer posses genetic/metabolic adaptations that prevent the cellular accumulation of zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Dental School and The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancers: A Double-Blinded Randomized Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:368-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wei H, Desouki MM, Lin S, Xiao D, Franklin RB, Feng P. Differential expression of metallothioneins (MTs) 1, 2, and 3 in response to zinc treatment in human prostate normal and malignant cells and tissues. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:7. [PMID: 18208603 PMCID: PMC2265743 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disturbance of zinc homeostasis featured with a significant decrease of cellular zinc level was well documented to associate with the development and progression of human prostate malignancy. We have previously reported that zinc treatment induces prostate malignant cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. Metallothionein (MT) is a major receptor/donor of zinc in the cells. However, the studies on the expression of MT in association with the prostate pathological and malignant status are very limited, and the zinc regulation of MT isoform expression in prostate cells remains elusive. The goals of this study were to define the expression of endogenous MTs, the isoforms of MT 1, 2, 3 at both messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels; and to investigate the zinc effect on MT expression in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and malignant PC-3 cells, and in relevant human tissues. Cellular MT proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the MT isoform-specific mRNAs. Results Our results demonstrated a significant suppression of endogenous levels of MT1/2 in malignant PC-3 cells (95% reduction compared to the normal prostate cells) and in human adenocarcinoma tissues (73% MT1/2 negative). A moderate reduction of MT1/2 expression was observed in BPH. Zinc treatment remarkably induced MT1/2 expression in PC-3 and BPH cells, which was accordant with the restored cellular zinc level. MT 3, as a growth inhibitory factor, was detected and up-regulated by zinc mainly in BPH cells. Conclusion This study provided evidence of the association of attenuated MT1/2 with prostate tumor progression, and the zinc induction of MT1/2 expression resulting in cellular zinc restoration. The results suggest the potential of MT1/2 as a candidate biomarker for prostate cancer and the utilization of zinc in prostate cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Grider A, Mouat MF, Scrimgeour AG. Consumption of a moderately Zn-deficient and Zn-supplemented diet affects soluble protein expression in rat soleus muscle. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:753-9. [PMID: 17434723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency negatively affects muscle function, but there are limited biochemical data identifying the cause of this reduction in function. The objective of the present study was to identify soluble proteins in rat soleus muscle that were responsive to different levels of dietary zinc. Rats (n=21) were fed diets containing three concentrations of zinc: 5, 30 and 200 ppm for 42 days. There was no difference in body weights of the rats consuming the 5-ppm zinc diet compared to the rats consuming the 30- or 200-ppm zinc diets; however, bone zinc levels were significantly decreased in the 5-ppm dietary zinc group. Individual soluble protein fractions were isolated from these muscles and the samples were prepared for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The expression levels of four proteins were significantly depressed by dietary Zn depletion and supplementation, S-glutathiolated carbonic anhydrase, myosin light polypeptide 3, heat shock protein 20 and heart fatty acid binding protein. This is the first report that indicates that both Zn depletion and supplementation result in protein expression profiles that may negatively affect skeletal muscle function. These results indicate that there are specific signaling pathways that require proper Zn nutriture for maintaining optimal muscle function and suggest that the consumption of pharmacologic doses of Zn may be detrimental to muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grider
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Ostan R, Alberti S, Bucci L, Salvioli S, Pasi S, Cevenini E, Capri M, Di Iorio A, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, Franceschi C, Monti D. Effect of zinc ions on apoptosis in PBMCs from healthy aged subjects. Biogerontology 2007; 7:437-47. [PMID: 17028933 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-006-9059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence features, such as thymic involution, alteration of T-cell repertoire, autoimmunity and accumulation of memory/effector T cells, may be the result, at least in part, of a zinc deficiency, which is often observed during ageing. Zinc, as essential trace element, affects the immune system function and it is an important regulator of apoptosis of immune cells. In this study we addressed the question whether zinc supplementation in vitro at physiological doses can affect spontaneous and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects of three different age groups: young (mean age 28 years), old (mean age 72 years) and nonagenarians. We studied different parameters related to apoptosis (phosphatydilserine exposure, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase 3 cleavage) and we found that zinc, while decreasing spontaneous apoptosis, can increase oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in an age-related fashion, being this effect more evident in nonagenarians than in old or young subjects. In particular, zinc can increase late apoptosis/necrosis, a phenomenon that could trigger unnecessary inflammation in vivo. We surmise that these age-associated alterations in susceptibility to apoptosis may be due to a different effect of zinc on T cell subsets, that are altered in very old people, and finally that the zinc deficiency, which is often observed in aged subjects, could be a compensatory mechanism to counteract the inflammatory status of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ostan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Franklin RB, Costello LC. Zinc as an anti-tumor agent in prostate cancer and in other cancers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:211-7. [PMID: 17400177 PMCID: PMC1991338 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate glandular epithelial cells have the unique capability of accumulating high levels of zinc. This is essential to inhibit m-aconitase activity so that citrate can accumulate for secretion into prostatic fluid, which is a major function of the prostate gland. As a result, the Krebs cycle is truncated with the consequence of the lost ATP production that would result from citrate oxidation. The cellular accumulation of zinc also inhibits mitochondrial terminal oxidation and respiration. In addition to these metabolic effects, zinc accumulation exhibits anti-proliferative effects via its induction of mitochondrial apoptogenesis. Zinc accumulation also inhibits the invasive/migration activities in malignant prostate cells. The anti-proliferative effects and the effects on invasion and migration occur through zinc activation of specific intracellular signaling pathways. Consequently, these effects impose anti-tumor actions by zinc. The ability of prostate cells to accumulate zinc is due to the expression and activity of the zinc uptake transporter, ZIP1. To avoid the anti-tumor effects of zinc, in prostate cancer the malignant prostate cells exhibit a silencing of ZIP1 gene expression accompanied by a depletion of cellular zinc. Therefore we regard ZIP1 as a tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer. In addition to prostate cells, similar tumor suppressor effects of zinc have been identified in several other types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renty B Franklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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