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Puliyanda DP, Jordan SC. Management of the sensitized pediatric renal transplant candidate. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14694. [PMID: 38400645 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with ESRD as it is associated with improved patient survival and better quality of life, especially in children. There are several barriers to a successful transplant including organ shortage, anatomic barriers, and immunologic barriers. One of the biggest immunologic barriers that precludes transplantation is sensitization, when patients have antibodies prior to transplantation, resulting in positive crossmatches with donor. 30%-40% of adult patients on the wait list are sensitized. There is a growing number of pediatric patients on the wait list who are sensitized. This poses a unique challenge to the pediatric transplant community. Therefore, attempts to perform desensitization to remove or suppress pathogenic HLA antibodies resulting in acceptable crossmatches, and ultimately a successful transplant, while reducing the risk of acute rejection, are much needed in these children. This review article aims to address the management of such patients both prior to transplantation, with strategies to overcome sensitization, and after transplantation with monitoring for allograft rejection and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechu P Puliyanda
- Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stanley C Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Liu Q, Chen Y, Xie P, Luo Y, Wang B, Meng Y, Zhong J, Mei J, Zou W. Development of a predictive machine learning model for pathogen profiles in patients with secondary immunodeficiency. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:48. [PMID: 38350899 PMCID: PMC10863296 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary immunodeficiency can arise from various clinical conditions that include HIV infection, chronic diseases, malignancy and long-term use of immunosuppressives, which makes the suffering patients susceptible to all types of pathogenic infections. Other than HIV infection, the possible pathogen profiles in other aetiology-induced secondary immunodeficiency are largely unknown. METHODS Medical records of the patients with secondary immunodeficiency caused by various aetiologies were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China. Based on these records, models were developed with the machine learning method to predict the potential infectious pathogens that may inflict the patients with secondary immunodeficiency caused by various disease conditions other than HIV infection. RESULTS Several metrics were used to evaluate the models' performance. A consistent conclusion can be drawn from all the metrics that Gradient Boosting Machine had the best performance with the highest accuracy at 91.01%, exceeding other models by 13.48, 7.14, and 4.49% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The models developed in our study enable the prediction of potential infectious pathogens that may affect the patients with secondary immunodeficiency caused by various aetiologies except for HIV infection, which will help clinicians make a timely decision on antibiotic use before microorganism culture results return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianning Liu
- School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Buxuan Wang
- School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuanxi Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhong
- The First Clinical Medical College,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Mei
- The First Clinical Medical College,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Nazeer SS, Venkataraman RK, Jayasree RS, Bayry J. Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Triage of Cancer Using Blood Derivatives: A Reality Check. Anal Chem 2024; 96:957-965. [PMID: 38164878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of serum/plasma represents an alluring molecular diagnostic tool, especially for cancer, as it can provide a molecular fingerprint of clinical samples based on vibrational modes of chemical bonds. However, despite the superior performance, the routine adoption of this technique for clinical settings has remained elusive. This is due to the potential confounding factors that are often overlooked and pose a significant barrier to clinical translation. In this Perspective, we summarize the concerns associated with various confounding factors, such as fluid sampling, optical effects, hemolysis, abnormal cardiovascular and/or hepatic functions, infections, alcoholism, diet style, age, and gender of a patient or normal control cohort, and improper selection of numerical methods that ultimately would lead to improper spectral diagnosis. We also propose some precautionary measures to overcome the challenges associated with these confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiju S Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695547, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Venkataraman
- Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Lab, Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramapurath S Jayasree
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678623, India
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Dong Q, Yang M, Wang Y, Guan Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Peptide-crosslinked molecularly imprinted polymers for efficient separation of immunoglobulin G from human serum. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1398-1407. [PMID: 36594639 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost and highly effective methods are highly desirable to replace the costly ethanol fractionation and affinity chromatography in IgG isolation from human plasma. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of IgG are potential candidates, however, they still suffer from severe problems such as difficult template removal and low imprinting efficiency. Here, a recently developed strategy was adopted to overcome these problems. The MIPs were synthesized using poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA) peptide crosslinkers instead of commonly used crosslinkers, such as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS). Because of the pH-induced helix-coil transition and the precise folding of the peptide segments in the polymers, the imprint cavities can be enlarged by adjusting the pH from 5.0 to 7.0, but their original size and shape are restored when the pH is adjusted back. Therefore, the IgG template can be eluted completely under mild conditions, and significantly improved imprinting efficiency can be achieved. Compared with BIS-crosslinked MIP, 8.6 times more binding sites can be created by molecular imprinting PLGA-crosslinked MIP. The factors influencing the performance of the MIP were studied systematically. An optimized MIP with a high adsorption capacity (612.5 mg g-1), high IF (4.92), and high selectivity was obtained. The adsorption capacity and selectivity of the MIP are much higher than the previously reported IgG MIPs. Because of its high adsorption capacity and selectivity, it can separate IgG from human serum effectively, affording high purity products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yafei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Validation of Viral Inactivation Protocols for Therapeutic Blood Products against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). Viruses 2022; 14:v14112419. [PMID: 36366517 PMCID: PMC9698982 DOI: 10.3390/v14112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic blood products including convalescent plasma/serum and immunoglobulins concentrated from convalescent plasma, such as intravenous immunoglobulins or hyperimmune globulins, and monoclonal antibodies are passive immunotherapy options for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They have been shown to improve the clinical status and biological and radiological parameters in some groups of COVID-19 patients. However, blood products are still potential sources of virus transmission in recipients. The use of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) should increase the safety of the products. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of solvent/detergents (S/D) procedures on SARS-COV-2 infectivity elimination in the plasma of donors but also on COVID-19 convalescent serum (CCS) capacity to neutralize SARS-COV-2 infectivity. In this investigation, S/D treatment for all experiments was performed at a shortened process time (30 min). We first evaluated the impact of S/D treatments (1% TnBP/1% TritonX-45 and 1% TnBP/1% TritonX-100) on the inactivation of SARS-COV-2 pseudoparticles (SARS-COV-2pp)-spiked human plasma followed by S/D agent removal using a Sep-Pak Plus C18 cartridge. Both treatments were able to completely inactivate SARS-COV-2pp infectivity to an undetectable level. Moreover, the neutralizing activity of CCS against SARS-COV-2pp was preserved after S/D treatments. Our data suggested that viral inactivation methods using such S/D treatments could be useful in the implementation of viral inactivation/elimination processes of therapeutic blood products against SARS-COV-2.
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Razumikhin M, Smolyanova T, Nikolaeva A, Orlova E, Ivanov A, Belyakova O, Vyaznikova T, Selezneva N, Perevozchikov A, Sokolova A, Zubkova N, Efimova I, Dolzhikova I, Logunov D, Sakanjan E. Development and characterization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 intravenous immunoglobulin from COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1133-1147. [PMID: 35892311 PMCID: PMC9328115 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The authors describe the developmental process of intravenous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin from anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody-containing plasma. Furthermore, the authors investigated its safety and protective activity in animal models. Materials & methods: The manufacturing process included standard ethanol fractionation, chromatographic purification steps and virus removal or inactivation. Results: The authors produced pure and safe immunoglobulin for intravenous administration, with 98.1 ± 6.5 mg/ml protein content, of which 97.6 ± 0.7% was IgG. The concentration factor of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies was 9.4 ± 1.4-times. Safety studies in animals showed no signs of acute/chronic toxicity or allergenic or thrombogenic properties. Intravenous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin protected immunosuppressed hamsters against SARS-Cov-2. Conclusion: The obtained results can allow the start of clinical trials to study the safety and efficacy in healthy adults. An intravenous immunoglobulin with a high concentration of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies was prepared from COVID-19 convalescent plasma, which could be utilized as a passive immunization tool in regard to COVID-19 treatment. The manufacturing process employed conforms to commonly held business standards within the intravenous immunoglobulin industry and includes plasma ethanol fractionation following chromatographic purification and special virus removal or inactivation steps. The results of the preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the immunoglobulin produced in this study is pure and safe enough to be considered for intravenous applications. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody concentration was found to have increased 9.4 ± 1.4-times compared with human plasma. The anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin showed no signs of toxicity and did not cause any blood clot formations when administered to rabbits. Furthermore, the anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin was demonstrated to protect immunosuppressed hamsters against SARS-CoV-2. Pure and safe intravenous immunoglobulin with a high concentration of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies was produced from #COVID19 convalescent plasma and demonstrated protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Belyakova
- JSC NPO Microgen, 10, 2-nd Volkonsky, Moscow, 127473, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alina Sokolova
- JSC NPO Microgen, 10, 2-nd Volkonsky, Moscow, 127473, Russia
| | | | - Irina Efimova
- JSC NPO Microgen, 10, 2-nd Volkonsky, Moscow, 127473, Russia
| | - Inna Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology & Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation, 18 Gamaleya Str., Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology & Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation, 18 Gamaleya Str., Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Elena Sakanjan
- JSC NPO Microgen, 10, 2-nd Volkonsky, Moscow, 127473, Russia
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Tharmalingam T, Han X, Wozniak A, Saward L. Polyclonal hyper immunoglobulin: A proven treatment and prophylaxis platform for passive immunization to address existing and emerging diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1886560. [PMID: 34010089 PMCID: PMC9090292 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1886560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunization with polyclonal hyper immunoglobulin (HIG) therapy represents a proven strategy by transferring immunoglobulins to patients to confer immediate protection against a range of pathogens including infectious agents and toxins. Distinct from active immunization, the protection is passive and the immunoglobulins will clear from the system; therefore, administration of an effective dose must be maintained for prophylaxis or treatment until a natural adaptive immune response is mounted or the pathogen/agent is cleared. The current review provides an overview of this technology, key considerations to address different pathogens, and suggested improvements. The review will reflect on key learnings from development of HIGs in the response to public health threats due to Zika, influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharmala Tharmalingam
- Therapeutics Business Unit, Emergent BioSolutions Incorporated, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xiaobing Han
- Therapeutics Business Unit, Emergent BioSolutions Incorporated, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ashley Wozniak
- Therapeutics Business Unit, Emergent BioSolutions Incorporated, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laura Saward
- Therapeutics Business Unit, Emergent BioSolutions Incorporated, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Štimac A, Kurtović T, Pavlović N, Halassy B. Development of Improved High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Residual Caprylic Acid in Formulations of Human Immunoglobulins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051665. [PMID: 35268765 PMCID: PMC8912018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control of human immunoglobulin formulations produced by caprylic acid precipitation necessitates a simple, rapid, and accurate method for determination of residual caprylic acid. A high-performance liquid chromatography method for that purpose was developed and validated. The method involves depletion of immunoglobulins, the major interfering components that produce high background noise, by precipitation with acetonitrile (1:1, v/v). Chromatographic analysis of caprylic acid, preserved in supernatant with no loss, was performed using a reverse-phase C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 3 μm) as a stationary phase and water with 0.05% TFA–acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and run time of 10 min. The developed method was successfully validated according to the ICH guidelines. The validation parameters confirmed that method was linear, accurate, precise, specific, and able to provide excellent separation of peaks corresponding to caprylic acid and the fraction of remaining immunoglobulins. Furthermore, a 24−1 fractional factorial design was applied in order to test the robustness of developed method. As such, the method is highly suitable for the quantification of residual caprylic acid in formulations of human immunoglobulins for therapeutic use, as demonstrated on samples produced by fractionation of convalescent anti-SARS-CoV-2 human plasma at a laboratory scale. The obtained results confirmed that the method is convenient for routine quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (A.Š.); (B.H.)
| | - Tihana Kurtović
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nediljko Pavlović
- Institute of Immunology, Inc., Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Beata Halassy
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (A.Š.); (B.H.)
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Chu W, Sripada SA, Reese HR, Bhandari D, Adams A, Sly J, Crapanzano M, Menegatti S. Purification of polyclonal immunoglobulin G from human serum using peptide‐based adsorbents. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Sobhana A. Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Hannah R. Reese
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Augustus Adams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Jae Sly
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC Durham North Carolina USA
| | | | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC Durham North Carolina USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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Park SK, Noh GY, Yu HW, Lee EC, Jeong J, Park YM, Han HK, Jeong SH, Kim NA. Lessons Learned in Protein Precipitation Using a Membrane Emulsification Technique to Produce Reversible and Uniform Microbeads. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101738. [PMID: 34684031 PMCID: PMC8540039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the manufacturing process and the regeneration of Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membranes were investigated on the reproducibility of protein precipitants, termed protein microbeads. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was selected as a model protein to produce its microbeads in seven different cases. The results showed that the hydrophobically modified SPG membrane produced finer microbeads than the hydrophilic SPG membrane, but this was inconsistent when using the general regeneration method. Its reproducibility was determined to be mostly dependent on rinsing the SPG membrane prior to the modification and on the protein concentration used for emulsification. The higher concentration could foul and plug the membrane during protein release and thus the membrane must be washed thoroughly before hydrophobic modification. Moreover, the membrane regenerated by silicone resin dissolved in ethanol had better reproducibility than silicone resin dissolved in water. On the other hand, rinsing the protein precipitant with cold ethanol after the emulsification was not favorable and induced protein aggregation. With the addition of trehalose, the purity of the IVIG microbeads was almost the same as before microbeadification. Therefore, the regeneration method, protein concentration, and its stabilizer are key to the success of protein emulsification and precipitation using the SPG membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Koo Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
| | - Ga Yeon Noh
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
| | - Hyun Woo Yu
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
| | - Junoh Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
| | - Young-Min Park
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.J.); (N.A.K.); Tel.: +82-10-5679-0621 (S.H.J.); +82-10-5590-1018 (N.A.K.)
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea; (S.-K.P.); (G.Y.N.); (H.W.Y.); (E.C.L.); (J.J.); (H.-K.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.J.); (N.A.K.); Tel.: +82-10-5679-0621 (S.H.J.); +82-10-5590-1018 (N.A.K.)
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Nabih HK. Importance of immunoglobulin therapy for COVID-19 patients with lymphocytopenia. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2021; 45:46. [PMID: 33642851 PMCID: PMC7897881 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). With the increased number of infected and dead victims daily all over the world, it becomes necessary to stop or overcome its rapid spread.Main bodyAlthough the production of vaccine or even specified effective anti-virus may take about six months to a year, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may be clinically used as a safe treatment to save and improve the quality of life of patients with a variety of immunodeficiency diseases such as lymphocytopenia, which is a common clinical feature in COVID-19. CONCLUSION Through the current review, it was concluded that this passive immunization may promote the immunity to better fight against the virus, so the survival of the patients could be kept longer. The efficacy of immunotherapy with IVIg would be greater if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from convalescent plasma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba K. Nabih
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Seria E, Samut Tagliaferro S, Cutajar D, Galdies R, Felice A. Immunoglobulin G in Platelet-Derived Wound Healing Factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4762657. [PMID: 33575328 PMCID: PMC7861922 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4762657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We intended to reformulate an existing platelet-derived wound healing formula to target each phase of the healing wound with the appropriate phase-specific molecules. A decreased perfusion of the skin, often associated with conditions such as thalassemia, sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic vascular disease, is the most common etiology of cutaneous ulcers and chronic wounds. We had previously shown that a PDWHF topically applied to a chronic nonhealing ulcer of a β-thalassemia homozygote stimulated and accelerated closure of the wound. The PDWHF was prepared from a pooled platelet concentrate of a matching blood group, consisting of a combination of platelet α-granule-derived factors. Processing of the apheresis-pooled platelets yielded various amounts of proteins (3.36 g/mL ± 0.25 (SD) (N = 10)) by the better lysis buffer method. Immunoglobulin G was found to be the most abundant α-granule-secreted protein. Equally broad quantities of the IgG (10.76 ± 12.66% (SD) (N = 10)) and IgG/albumin ratios (0.6 ± 0.4 (SD) (N = 10)) were quantified. We have developed a method using a reformulated lysis buffer followed by size exclusion chromatography and affinity chromatography to extract, identify, quantify, and purify IgG from activated platelets. IgG purification was confirmed by Western blot and flow cytometry. It was thought unlikely that the platelet IgG could be accounted for by adsorption of plasma protein, though the variable quantities could account for diversity in wound healing rates. The IgG could protect the wound even from subclinical infections and functionally advance healing. It may be useful in the management of skin ulcers in the early phase of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Seria
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta and Division of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta MSD2080
| | - Sarah Samut Tagliaferro
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta and Division of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta MSD2080
| | - Doreen Cutajar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta Medical School and Mater Dei Hospital, Malta MSD2080
| | - Ruth Galdies
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta and Division of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta MSD2080
| | - Alex Felice
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta and Division of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta MSD2080
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes how plasma is sourced for fractionation into plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs), such as immunoglobulin (Ig) together with differences between plasma from whole blood (recovered plasma) and from plasmapheresis (source plasma) in terms of global plasma supply. Specific areas of growth in immunoglobulin use are identified alongside novel therapies, which may reduce demand for some immunoglobulin indications. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a 6--8% annual growth in immunoglobulin use. Secondary immunodeficiency alongside improved recognition and diagnosis primary immunodeficiency disorders are drivers whereas the novel neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors (FcRni) may reduce demand for some immunomodulatory indications. SUMMARY There is a significant geographical imbalance in global supply of plasma with 65% collected in the United States. This results in a dependency of other countries on United States supply and argues for both more plasma supply and greater regionally balanced plasma collection. In addition, progress towards a transparent, regulated and well tolerated framework for the coexistence of unpaid and compensated plasma donations is needed as unpaid donation will not be sufficient. These discussions should be informed by the needs of patients for this life-saving therapy, the care of donors and the safety of plasma and PDMPs.
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Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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15
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Silica resins and peptide ligands to develop disposable affinity adsorbents for antibody purification. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Großhans S, Wang G, Hubbuch J. Water on hydrophobic surfaces: mechanistic modeling of polyethylene glycol-induced protein precipitation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:513-520. [PMID: 30535587 PMCID: PMC6430756 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the purification of biopharmaceutical proteins, liquid chromatography is still the gold standard. Especially with increasing product titers, drawbacks like slow volumetric throughput and high resin costs lead to an intensifying need for alternative technologies. Selective preparative protein precipitation is one promising alternative technique. Although the capability has been proven, there has been no precipitation process realized for large-scale monoclonal antibody (mAb) production yet. One reason might be that the mechanism behind protein phase behavior is not completely understood and the precipitation process development is still empirical. Mechanistic modeling can be a means for faster, material-saving process development and a better process understanding at the same time. In preparative chromatography, mechanistic modeling was successfully shown for a variety of applications. Lately, a new isotherm for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) under consideration of water molecules as participants was proposed, enabling an accurate description of HIC. In this work, based on similarities between protein precipitation and HIC, a new precipitation model was derived. In the proposed model, the formation of protein-protein interfaces is thought to be driven by hydrophobic effects, involving a reorganization of the well-ordered water structure on the hydrophobic surfaces of the protein-protein complex. To demonstrate model capability, high-throughput precipitation experiments with pure or prior to the experiments purified proteins lysozyme, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, and one mAb were conducted at various pH values. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used as precipitant. The precipitant concentration as well as the initial protein concentration was varied systematically. For all investigated proteins, the initial protein concentrations were varied between 1.5 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL. The calibrated models were successfully validated with experimental data. This mechanistic description of protein precipitation process offers mathematical explanation of the precipitation behavior of proteins at PEG concentration, protein concentration, protein size, and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Großhans
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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17
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Gupta J, Hoque M, Ahmad MF, Khan RH, Saleemuddin M. Acid pH promotes bispecific antibody formation by the redox procedure. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:469-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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João C, Negi VS, Kazatchkine MD, Bayry J, Kaveri SV. Passive Serum Therapy to Immunomodulation by IVIG: A Fascinating Journey of Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 200:1957-1963. [PMID: 29507120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The immunoregulatory and anti-infective properties of normal circulating polyclonal Abs have been exploited for the therapeutic purposes in the form of IVIG as well as several hyperimmune globulins. Current knowledge on the therapeutic use of normal Igs is based on the discoveries made by several pioneers of the field. In this paper, we review the evolution of IVIG over the years. More importantly, the process started as an s.c. replacement in γ globulin-deficient patients, underwent metamorphosis into i.m. Ig, was followed by IVIG, and is now back to s.c. forms. Following successful use of IVIG in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, there has been an explosion in the therapeutic applications of IVIG in diverse autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. In addition to clinically approved pathological conditions, IVIG has been used as an off-label drug in more than 100 different indications. The current worldwide consumption of IVIG is over 100 tons per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina João
- Hematology Department, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal.,Immunology Department, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Vir Singh Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Michel D Kazatchkine
- United Nations Special Envoy for AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- INSERM Unité 1138, Paris F-75006, France; .,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France; and.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immuno-Intervention Thérapeutique, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- INSERM Unité 1138, Paris F-75006, France; .,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris F-75006, France; and.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immuno-Intervention Thérapeutique, Paris F-75006, France
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19
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Downstream Processing for Biopharmaceuticals Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01881-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Morifuji Y, Xu J, Karasaki N, Iiyama K, Morokuma D, Hino M, Masuda A, Yano T, Mon H, Kusakabe T, Lee JM. Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Human α 1-Antitrypsin Produced Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:924-934. [PMID: 30302632 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the most abundant serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) in the human plasma. Commercially available AAT for the medications of deficiency of α1-antitrypsin is mainly purified from human plasma. There is a high demand for a stable and low-cost supply of recombinant AAT (rAAT). In this study, the baculovirus expression vector system using silkworm larvae as host was employed and a large amount of highly active AAT was recovered from the silkworm serum (~ 15 mg/10 ml) with high purity. Both the enzymatic activity and stability of purified rAAT were comparable with those of commercial product. Our results provide an alternative method for mass production of the active rAAT in pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Morifuji
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Noriko Karasaki
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morokuma
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masato Hino
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Akitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takumi Yano
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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21
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Ramalho CC, Neves CMSS, Quental MV, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG. Separation of immunoglobulin G using aqueous biphasic systems composed of cholinium-based ionic liquids and poly(propylene glycol). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:1931-1939. [PMID: 30270961 PMCID: PMC6161813 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibodies, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), has faced a significant growth in the past decades for biomedical and research purposes. However, antibodies are high cost biopharmaceuticals, for which the development of alternative and cost-effective purification strategies is still in high demand. RESULTS Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and cholinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated for the separation of IgG. The ABS phase diagrams were determined and characterized whenever required. Initial optimization studies with commercial IgG were carried out, followed by the extraction of IgG from rabbit serum. In all ABS, IgG preferentially partitions to the IL-rich phase, unveiling preferential interactions between IgG and ILs. Good results were obtained with commercial IgG, with extraction efficiencies ranging between 93% and 100%, and recovery yields ranging between 20% and 100%. Two of the best and two of the worst identified ABS were then evaluated in what concerns their performance to separate and recover IgG from rabbit serum. With these ABS, extraction efficiencies of 100% and recovery yields > 80% were obtained, indicating an increase in the recovery yield and extraction efficiencies when using real matrices. Under the best conditions studied, IgG with a purity level of 49% was obtained in a single-step. This purity level of IgG is higher than those previously reported using other IL-polymer ABS. CONCLUSION IgG preferentially migrates to the IL-rich phase in ABS formed by ILs and polymers, allowing the design of effective separation systems for its recovery from serum samples.
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22
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Gomes CSG, Fashina A, Fernández‐Castané A, Overton TW, Hobley TJ, Theodosiou E, Thomas ORT. Magnetic hydrophobic-charge induction adsorbents for the recovery of immunoglobulins from antiserum feedstocks by high-gradient magnetic fishing. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:1901-1915. [PMID: 30008504 PMCID: PMC6032826 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extraction of biopharmaceuticals from plasma and serum often employs overly complicated antiquated procedures that can inflict serious damage on especially prone protein targets and which afford low purification power and overall yields. This paper describes systematic development of a high-gradient magnetic fishing process for recovery of immunoglobulins from unclarified antiserum. RESULTS Non-porous superparamagnetic particles were transformed into hydrophobic-charge induction adsorbents and then used to recover immunoglobulins from rabbit antiserum feedstocks. Comprehensive characterisation tests conducted with variously diluted clarified antiserum on a magnetic rack revealed that immunoglobulin binding was rapid (equilibrium reached in <45 s), strong (Kd < 0.1 mg mL-1), of high capacity (Qmax = 214 mg g-1), and pH and ionic strength dependent. In a high-gradient magnetic fishing process conducted with the same adsorbent, and a conventional 'magnetic filter + recycle loop' arrangement, >72% of the immunoglobulin present in an unclarified antiserum feed was recovered in 0.5 h in >3-fold purified form. CONCLUSIONS Fast magnetic particle based capture of antibodies from an unclarified high-titre feed has been demonstrated. Efficient product recovery from ultra-high titre bioprocess liquors by high-gradient magnetic fishing requires that improved magnetic adsorbents displaying high selectivity, ultra-high capacity and operational robustness are used with 'state-of-the-art' rotor-stator magnetic separators. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia SG Gomes
- Institute of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Adedayo Fashina
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | | | - Timothy J Hobley
- National Food InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Owen RT Thomas
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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23
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Complement and Immunoglobulin Biology Leading to Clinical Translation. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Peljhan S, Jakop T, Šček D, Skvarča V, Goričar B, Žabar R, Mencin N. HPLC fingerprinting approach for raw material assessment and unit operation tracking for IVIG production from Cohn I+II+III fraction. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2880-2885. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The manufacturing process of a new intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) 10% liquid product incorporates two dedicated pathogen safety steps: solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment and nanofiltration (20 nm). Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) during protein purification also contributes to pathogen safety. The ability of these three process steps to inactivate/remove viruses and prions was evaluated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the virus and prion safety of the new IVIG 10% liquid. METHODS Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), mouse encephalomyelitis virus (MEV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) were used as models for common human viruses. The hamster-adapted scrapie strain 263K (HAS 263K) was used for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Virus clearance capacity and robustness of virus reduction were determined for the three steps. Abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) removal and infectivity of the samples was determined. RESULTS S/D treatment and nanofiltration inactivated/removed enveloped viruses to below detection limits. IEC supplements viral safety and nanofiltration was highly effective in removing non-enveloped viruses and HAS 263K. Overall virus reduction factors were: ≥9.4 log10 (HIV-1), ≥13.2 log10 (PRV), ≥8.2 log10 (BVDV), ≥11.7 log10 (MEV), ≥11.6 log10 (PPV), and ≥10.4 log10 (HAS 263K). CONCLUSION Two dedicated and one supplementing steps in the manufacturing process of the new IVIG 10% liquid provide a high margin of pathogen safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uwe Radomski
- Virus and Prion Validation, Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Lattner
- R&D Plasma, Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges.m.b.H., Oberlaaer Str. 235, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torben Schmidt
- Virus and Prion Validation, Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Römisch
- R&D Plasma, Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges.m.b.H., Oberlaaer Str. 235, Vienna, Austria
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Raoufinia R, Mota A, Keyhanvar N, Safari F, Shamekhi S, Abdolalizadeh J. Overview of Albumin and Its Purification Methods. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:495-507. [PMID: 28101456 PMCID: PMC5241407 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most frequent plasma protein, albumin constitutes more than 50% of the serum proteins in healthy individuals. It has a key role in oncotic pressure maintenance and it is known as a versatile protein carrier for transportation of various endogenous and exogenous ligands. Reduced amounts of albumin in the body will lead to different kinds of diseases such as hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia. It also has various indications in shocks, burns, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute liver failure and etc. Further applications in research consist of cell culture supplement, drug delivery carrier and protein/drug stabilizer. So, the demand for albumin increased annually worldwide. Due to different applications of albumin, many efforts have been accomplished to achieve albumin during a long period of time. In this review, an overview of serum albumin and different purification methods are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Raoufinia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mota
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Keyhanvar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Shamekhi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Paramedical faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Balkani S, Shamekhi S, Raoufinia R, Parvan R, Abdolalizadeh J. Purification and Characterization of Bovine Serum Albumin Using Chromatographic Method. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:651-654. [PMID: 28101473 PMCID: PMC5241424 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Albumin is an abundant protein of blood and has many biopharmaceutical applications. The aim of this study was to purify bovine serum albumin (BSA) using produced rabbit anti-BSA antibody. Methods: The polyclonal antibody was produced against the BSA in rabbits. Then, the pure BSA was injected to three white New Zealand rabbits. ELISA test was done to evaluate antibody production. After antibody purification,the purified antibody was attached to CNBr-activated sepharose and finally it was used for purification of albumin from bovine serum. Western blotting analysis was used for functional assessment of immunoaffinity purified BSA. Results: The titer of anti-bovine albumin determined by ELISA was obtained 1: 256000. The SDS-PAGE showed up to 98% purity of isolated BSA and western blotting confirmed the BSA functionality. Purified bovine serum albumin by affinity chromatography showed a single band with molecular weight of 66 KDa. Conclusion: Affinity chromatography using produced rabbit anti-BSA antibody would be an economical and safe method for purification of BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Balkani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- University of Tehran Kish International Campus, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shamekhi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Raoufinia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Parvan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Paramedical faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mondal D, Sharma M, Quental MV, Tavares APM, Prasad K, Freire MG. Suitability of bio-based ionic liquids for the extraction and purification of IgG antibodies. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2016; 18:6071-6081. [PMID: 28255278 PMCID: PMC5330477 DOI: 10.1039/c6gc01482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, remarkable advances in the production and use of antibodies as therapeutic drugs and in research/diagnostic fields have led to their recognition as value-added proteins. These biopharmaceuticals have become increasingly important, reinforcing the current demand for the development of more benign, scalable and cost-effective techniques for their purification. Typical polymer-polymer and polymer-salt aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) have been studied for such a goal; yet, the limited polarity range of the coexisting phases and their low selective nature still are their major drawbacks. To overcome this limitation, in this work, ABS formed by bio-based ionic liquids (ILs) and biocompatible polymers were investigated. Bio-based ILs composed of ions derived from natural sources, namely composed of the cholinium cation and anions derived from plants natural acids, have been designed, synthesized, characterized and used for the creation of ABS with polypropyleneglycol (PPG 400). The respective ternary phase diagrams were initially determined at 25 °C to infer on mixture compositions required to form aqueous systems of two phases, further applied in the extraction of pure immunoglobulin G (IgG) to identify the most promising bio-based ILs, and finally employed in the purification of IgG from complex and real matrices of rabbit serum. Remarkably, the complete extraction of IgG to the IL-rich phase was achieved in a single-step. With pure IgG a recovery yield of 100% was obtained, while with rabbit serum this value slightly decreased to ca. 85%. Nevertheless, a 58% enhancement in the IgG purity was achieved when compared with its purity in serum samples. The stability of IgG before and after extraction was also evaluated by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In most ABS formed by bio-based ILs, IgG retained its native structure, without degradation or denaturation effects, supporting thus their potential as remarkable platforms for the purification of high-cost biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Natural Product and Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
- AcSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Maria V. Quental
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P. M. Tavares
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- Natural Product and Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
- AcSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Barahona Afonso AF, João CMP. The Production Processes and Biological Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Biomolecules 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 27005671 PMCID: PMC4808809 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin is a highly diverse autologous molecule able to influence immunity in different physiological and diseased situations. Its effect may be visible both in terms of development and function of B and T lymphocytes. Polyclonal immunoglobulin may be used as therapy in many diseases in different circumstances such as primary and secondary hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, polyneuropathies, cancer, after allogeneic transplantation in the presence of infections and/or GVHD. However, recent studies have broadened the possible uses of polyclonal immunoglobulin showing that it can stimulate certain sub-populations of T cells with effects on T cell proliferation, survival and function in situations of lymphopenia. These results present a novel and considerable impact of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in situations of severe lymphopenia, a situation that can occur in cancer patients after chemo and radiotherapy treatments. In this review paper the established and experimental role of polyclonal immunoglobulin will be presented and discussed as well as the manufacturing processes involved in their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Barahona Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Évora, Colégio Luís António Verney, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Maria Pires João
- Hematology Department, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Bereli N, Denizli A. Superior magnetic monodisperse particles for direct purification of immunoglobulin G under magnetic field. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1132914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Dong Y, Pang B, Yu F, Li L, Liu W, Xiu Z. Extraction and purification of IgG by hydrophilic organic solvent salting-out extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oviedo AE, Bernardi ME, Guglielmone HA, Vitali MS. Absence of in vitro Procoagulant Activity in Immunoglobulin Preparations due to Activated Coagulation Factors. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 42:397-402. [PMID: 26733772 DOI: 10.1159/000440824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin (IG) products, including intravenous (IVIG) or subcutaneous (SCIG) immunoglobulins are considered safe and effective for medical therapy; however, a sudden and unexpected increase in thromboembolic events (TE) after administration of certain batches of IVIG products has been attributed to the presence of activated coagulation factors, mainly factor XIa. Our aims were to examine the presence of enduring procoagulant activity during the manufacturing process of IGs, with special focus on monitoring factor XIa, and to evaluate the presence of in vitro procoagulant activity attributed to coagulation factors in different lots of IVIG and SCIG. METHODS Samples of different steps of IG purification, 19 lots of IVIG and 9 of SCIG were analyzed and compared with 1 commercial preparation of IVIG and 2 of SCIG, respectively. Factors II, VII, IX, XI and XIa and non-activated partial thromboplastin time (NAPTT) were assayed. RESULTS The levels of factors II, VII, IX, X and XI were non-quantifiable once fraction II had been re-dissolved and in all analyzed lots of IVIG and SCIG. The level of factor XIa at that point was under the detection limits of the assay, and NAPTT yielded values greater than the control during the purification process. In SCIG, we detected higher concentrations of factor XIa in the commercial products, which reached values up to 5 times higher than the average amounts found in the 9 batches produced by UNC-Hemoderivados. Factor XIa in commercial IVIG reached levels slightly higher than those of the 19 batches produced by UNC-Hemoderivados. CONCLUSION IVIG and SCIG manufactured by UNC-Hemoderivados showed a lack of thrombogenic potential, as demonstrated not only by the laboratory data obtained in this study but also by the absence of any reports of TE registered by the post marketing pharmacovigilance department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Oviedo
- Área de Desarrollo de Productos y Procesos, Laboratorio de Hemoderivados, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Bernardi
- Área de Desarrollo de Productos y Procesos, Laboratorio de Hemoderivados, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hugo A Guglielmone
- Área de Desarrollo de Productos y Procesos, Laboratorio de Hemoderivados, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María S Vitali
- Área de Desarrollo de Productos y Procesos, Laboratorio de Hemoderivados, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Singh N, Arunkumar A, Chollangi S, Tan ZG, Borys M, Li ZJ. Clarification technologies for monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes: Current state and future perspectives. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:698-716. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Abhiram Arunkumar
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Srinivas Chollangi
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zhijun George Tan
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
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Abstract
Amyloid-reactive IgGs isolated from pooled blood of normal individuals (pAbs) have demonstrated clinical utility for amyloid diseases by in vivo targeting and clearing amyloidogenic proteins and peptides. We now report the following three novel findings on pAb conformer's binding to amyloidogenic aggregates: 1) pAb aggregates have greater activity than monomers (HMW species > dimers > monomers), 2) pAbs interactions with amyloidogenic aggregates at least partially involves unconventional (non-CDR) interactions of F(ab) regions, and 3) pAb's activity can be easily modulated by trace aggregates generated during sample processing. Specifically, we show that HMW aggregates and dimeric pAbs present in commercial preparations of pAbs, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), had up to ~200- and ~7-fold stronger binding to aggregates of Aβ and transthyretin (TTR) than the monomeric antibody. Notably, HMW aggregates were primarily responsible for the enhanced anti-amyloid activities of Aβ- and Cibacron blue-isolated IVIg IgGs. Human pAb conformer's binding to amyloidogenic aggregates was retained in normal human sera, and mimicked by murine pAbs isolated from normal pooled plasmas. An unconventional (non-CDR) component to pAb's activity was indicated from control human mAbs, generated against non-amyloid targets, binding to aggregated Aβ and TTR. Similar to pAbs, HMW and dimeric mAb conformers bound stronger than their monomeric forms to amyloidogenic aggregates. However, mAbs had lower maximum binding signals, indicating that pAbs were required to saturate a diverse collection of binding sites. Taken together, our findings strongly support further investigations on the physiological function and clinical utility of the inherent anti-amyloid activities of monomeric but not aggregated IgGs.
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Nahm DH, Kim ME, Cho SM. Effects of Intramuscular Injection of Autologous Immunoglobulin on Clinical Severity and Serum IgE Concentration in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology 2015; 231:145-51. [PMID: 26112673 DOI: 10.1159/000431173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The management of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is often difficult for both patients and physicians. We hypothesized that repeated intramuscular injections of autologous immunoglobulin can induce clinical improvement in patients with AD by correcting immune dysfunction. METHODS Seventeen adult patients with severe AD were treated by intramuscular injection of 50 mg autologous immunoglobulin (mainly IgG with a purity ≥97%) twice a week for 4 weeks. The standardized clinical severity scoring system for AD (SCORAD) value and serum IgE concentration were measured at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS SCORAD values and serum IgE concentrations significantly decreased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to baseline (p < 0.05). No significant side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Repeated intramuscular injections of autologous immunoglobulin significantly decreased the clinical severity and serum IgE concentration in patients with severe AD. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Nahm
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Jückstock J, Rothenburger M, Friese K, Traunmüller F. Passive Immunization against Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Current State of Knowledge. Pharmacology 2015; 95:209-17. [PMID: 25924667 DOI: 10.1159/000381626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary infection with the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) occurs in 1-4% of pregnancies. The rates of maternal-fetal CMV transmissions are around 25, 36, 41, and 66%, for infections occurring in the peri-conceptional weeks, first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively. On the other hand, the severity of fetal organ damage and dysfunction diminishes with increasing gestational age. Congenitally CMV-infected newborns may have neurosensory impairments like mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, progressive hearing loss or visual defects, or even may have a fatal outcome. In in-vitro experiments, CMV specific neutralizing IgG antibodies - which are abundant in CMV specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG) products - inhibited the entry of the virus into target cells and hampered viral cell-to-cell spread. This article provides a brief overview on the epidemiology and diagnostic tools in congenital CMV infection. It also concisely summarizes the currently available study results on the safety and effectiveness of HIG treatment. Accordingly, in clinical studies HIG administration to expectant mothers following primary CMV infection (prophylactic use) was shown to lower the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of CMV compared to untreated controls. HIG was also able to ameliorate the disease sequelae in evidently infected fetuses (therapeutic use), as demonstrated by the regression or even resolution of sonographic pathologies including placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jückstock
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Huseynli S, Baydemir G, Sarı E, Elkak A, Denizli A. Affinity composite cryogel discs functionalized with Reactive Red 120 and Green HE 4BD dye ligands: Application on the separation of human immunoglobulin G subclasses. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 46:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sewell WAC, Kerr J, Behr-Gross ME, Peter HH. European consensus proposal for immunoglobulin therapies. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2207-14. [PMID: 24975475 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations (intravenous, IVIg, subcutaneous, SCIg) for replacement and immunomodulation therapy worldwide has tripled in the past 20 years and represents an ever-increasing cost factor for healthcare organizations. The limited access to the starting material of this essential medicinal product is currently the driving force for human plasma collection. Increasing awareness and improved diagnosis of human primary immunodeficiencies and a broadening of immunomodulatory indications are responsible for this development, and on a longer run might lead to plasma supply shortages. Consensus recommendations for the optimal use of Ig in clinical practice, including priority rankings for the most urgent indications, are therefore urgently needed. During a recent meeting in Kreuth, Germany, expert nominees from 36 Council of Europe states, together with colleagues from observer countries and regulatory agencies came up with this consensus statement.
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Tscheliessnig A, Satzer P, Hammerschmidt N, Schulz H, Helk B, Jungbauer A. Ethanol precipitation for purification of recombinant antibodies. J Biotechnol 2014; 188:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Saeedian M, Randhawa I. Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy: A Twenty-Year Review and Current Update. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:151-66. [DOI: 10.1159/000363445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Laursen IA, Blou L, Sullivan JS, Bang P, Balstrup F, Houen G. Development, manufacturing and characterization of a highly purified, liquid immunoglobulin g preparation from human plasma. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 41:205-12. [PMID: 25053934 DOI: 10.1159/000357982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of plasma-derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) is increasing, and the number of diseases, including immunodeficiencies, neurological diseases and autoimmune conditions, treated with intravenous IgG (IVIG) is expanding. Consequently, there is a great need for high-yield production processes for plasma-derived IgG. The aim of this work was to develop a high-yield process leading to a highly purified, liquid, ready-to-use IgG for intravenous use. METHODS Plasma from healthy, voluntary, non-remunerated donors was fractionated by ethanol precipitation. IgG was extracted from fraction II + III using a phosphate/acetate buffer, pH 4, and purified by chromatography. RESULTS Precipitation with 6% polyethylene glycol at pH 7 removed high molecular-weight contaminating proteins, aggregates and contaminating viruses. Ion exchange chromatography at pH 5.7 on serially connected anion and cation exchange columns allowed for elution of IgG from the cation exchange column in good yield and high purity. Further safety was achieved by solvent/detergent treatment and repeated ion exchange chromatography. The product consisted of essentially only IgG monomers and dimers, and had a high purity with very low levels of IgM and IgA. CONCLUSION A process providing highly purified IVIG in good yield was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga A Laursen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Blou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Bang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Balstrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Matsushita H, Sano A, Wu H, Jiao JA, Kasinathan P, Sullivan EJ, Wang Z, Kuroiwa Y. Triple immunoglobulin gene knockout transchromosomic cattle: bovine lambda cluster deletion and its effect on fully human polyclonal antibody production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90383. [PMID: 24603704 PMCID: PMC3946162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the goal of producing fully human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs or hIgGs) in transchromosomic (Tc) cattle, we previously reported that Tc cattle carrying a human artificial chromosome (HAC) comprising the entire unrearranged human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain (hIGH), kappa-chain (hIGK), and lambda-chain (hIGL) germline loci produced physiological levels of hIgGs when both of the bovine immunoglobulin mu heavy-chains, bIGHM and bIGHML1, were homozygously inactivated (bIGHM−/−, bIGHML1−/−; double knockouts or DKO). However, because endogenous bovine immunoglobulin light chain loci are still intact, the light chains are produced both from the hIGK and hIGL genomic loci on the HAC and from the endogenous bovine kappa-chain (bIGK) and lambda-chain (bIGL) genomic loci, resulting in the production of fully hIgGs (both Ig heavy-chains and light-chains are of human origin: hIgG/hIgκ or hIgG/hIgλ) and chimeric hIgGs (Ig heavy-chains are of human origin while the Ig light-chains are of bovine origin: hIgG/bIgκ or hIgG/bIgλ). To improve fully hIgG production in Tc cattle, we here report the deletion of the entire bIGL joining (J) and constant (C) gene cluster (bIGLJ1-IGLC1 to bIGLJ5-IGLC5) by employing Cre/loxP mediated site-specific chromosome recombination and the production of triple knockout (bIGHM−/−, bIGHML1−/− and bIGL−/−; TKO) Tc cattle. We further demonstrate that bIGL cluster deletion greatly improves fully hIgGs production in the sera of TKO Tc cattle, with 51.3% fully hIgGs (hIgG/hIgκ plus hIgG/hIgλ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsushita
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Akiko Sano
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jin-an Jiao
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Poothappillai Kasinathan
- Trans Ova Genetics, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eddie J. Sullivan
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ES); (ZW)
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ES); (ZW)
| | - Yoshimi Kuroiwa
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
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43
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Simoens S. Pharmacoeconomics of immunoglobulins in primary immunodeficiency. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 9:375-86. [DOI: 10.1586/erp.09.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Guo H, Li X, Frey DD. Development of chromatofocusing techniques employing mixed-mode column packings for protein separations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1323:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Bakhshpour M, Bereli N, Şenel S. Preparation and characterization of thiophilic cryogels with 2-mercapto ethanol as the ligand for IgG purification. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 113:261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies are heavy plasma proteins, with sugar chains added to amino-acid residues by N-linked glycosylation and occasionally by O-linked glycosylation. The versatility of antibodies is demonstrated by the various functions that they mediate such as neutralization, agglutination, fixation with activation of complement and activation of effector cells. Naturally occurring antibodies protect the organism against harmful pathogens, viruses and infections. In addition, almost any organic chemical induces antibody production of antibodies that would bind specifically to the chemical. These antibodies are often produced from multiple B cell clones and referred to as polyclonal antibodies. In recent years, scientists have exploited the highly evolved machinery of the immune system to produce structurally and functionally complex molecules such as antibodies from a single B clone, heralding the era of monoclonal antibodies. Most of the antibodies currently in the clinic, target components of the immune system, are not curative and seek to alleviate symptoms rather than cure disease. Our group used a novel strategy to identify reparative human monoclonal antibodies distinct from conventional antibodies. In this chapter, we discuss the therapeutic relevance of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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47
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Modeling Primary Immunodeficiency Disease Epidemiology and Its Treatment to Estimate Latent Therapeutic Demand for Immunoglobulin. J Clin Immunol 2013; 34:233-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Sano A, Matsushita H, Wu H, Jiao JA, Kasinathan P, Sullivan EJ, Wang Z, Kuroiwa Y. Physiological level production of antigen-specific human immunoglobulin in cloned transchromosomic cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78119. [PMID: 24205120 PMCID: PMC3813428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs) derived from pooled plasma from human donors are Food and Drug Administration approved biologics used in the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Powered by the natural diversity of immune response, hpAbs are effective in treating diseases caused by complex or quickly-evolving antigens such as viruses. We previously showed that transchromosomic (Tc) cattle carrying a human artificial chromosome (HAC) comprising the entire unrearranged human immunoglobulin heavy-chain (hIGH) and kappa-chain (hIGK) germline loci (named as κHAC) are capable of producing functional hpAbs when both of the bovine immunoglobulin mu heavy-chains, bIGHM and bIGHML1, are homozygously inactivated (double knockouts or DKO). However, B lymphocyte development in these Tc cattle is compromised, and the overall production of hpAbs is low. Here, we report the construction of an improved HAC, designated as cKSL-HACΔ, by incorporating all of the human immunoglobulin germline loci into the HAC. Furthermore, for avoiding the possible human-bovine interspecies incompatibility between the human immunoglobulin mu chain protein (hIgM) and bovine transmembrane α and β immunoglobulins (bIgα and bIgβ) in the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) complex, we partially replaced (bovinized) the hIgM constant domain with the counterpart of bovine IgM (bIgM) that is involved in the interaction between bIgM and bIgα/Igβ; human IgM bovinization would also improve the functionality of hIgM in supporting B cell activation and proliferation. We also report the successful production of DKO Tc cattle carrying the cKSL-HACΔ (cKSL-HACΔ/DKO), the dramatic improvement of B cell development in these cattle and the high level production of hpAbs (as measured for the human IgG isotype) in the plasma. We further demonstrate that, upon immunization by tumor immunogens, high titer tumor immunogen-specific human IgG (hIgG) can be produced from such Tc cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sano
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Hiroaki Matsushita
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jin-An Jiao
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Poothappillai Kasinathan
- Trans Ova Genetics, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eddie J. Sullivan
- Sanford Applied Biosciences L.L.C., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ES); (ZW)
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ES); (ZW)
| | - Yoshimi Kuroiwa
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Hematech, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
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Nahm DH, Cho SM, Kim ME, Kim YJ, Jeon SY. Autologous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with severe recalcitrant atopic dermatitis: a preliminary report. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 6:89-94. [PMID: 24404399 PMCID: PMC3881407 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The management of severe recalcitrant atopic dermatitis (AD) is a challenging issue for clinicians and patients. We hypothesized that repeated intramuscular injections of autologous immunoglobulin (autologous immunoglobulin therapy: AIGT) might induce clinical improvements in patients with AD by stimulation of the active immune response to antigen-binding-site of pathogenic antibodies. We tried AIGT in 3 adult patients with severe recalcitrant AD whose clinical conditions could not be effectively controlled by medical treatments (including oral cyclosporine) for more than 2 years. Autologous immunoglobulin was purified from the autologous plasma by affinity chromatography using Protein A. The patients were treated by an intramuscular injection of 50 mg of autologous immunoglobulin twice a week for 4 weeks. A clinical severity score of AD (SCORAD value) showed a decrease greater than 30% at 8 weeks after the initiation of AIGT compared with the baseline before the initiation of AIGT in all 3 patients with severe recalcitrant AD. No significant side effects from treatment were observed. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required to evaluate the clinical usefulness of AIGT for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Nahm
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Purification antibody by thiophilic magnetic sorbent modified with 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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