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Narwade JD, Odaneth AA, Lele SS. Solid-state fermentation in an earthen vessel: Trichoderma viride spore-based biopesticide production using corn cobs. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1146-1156. [PMID: 37495305 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the production of Trichoderma viride spores in an earthen vessel using corn cobs. Using 4 kg of corn cobs, spore-based biopesticide was produced after 21 d with a maximum spore count of 2.50 × 109 spores/g of substrate and a moisture reduction from 70.80% w/v to 8.10% w/v. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of its ethyl acetate extract revealed that it had 20 secondary metabolites, of which 13 were known to be antimicrobial, one was plant growth-promoting, and one performed both functions. Dried extract dissolved in methanol showed the minimum fungicidal concentration of 5-10 mg/ml against Rhizoctonia solani on potato dextrose agar plate. Plate assays and pot experiments on Rhizoctonia solani-infected potato plants exhibited good antifungal and plant growth-promoting activities. The biopesticide showed 71.28% viability over 10 m of storage in the same earthen vessel at 30 ± 2 °C. Thus, a simple, robust technology was developed with good potential for farm deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Narwade
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431203, India.
| | - A A Odaneth
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - S S Lele
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431203, India.
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Zheng H, Wang K, Xu X, Pan J, Sun X, Hou J, Liu W, Shen Y. Highly efficient
rDNA
‐mediated multicopy integration based on the dynamic balance of rDNA in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1511-1524. [PMID: 35098688 PMCID: PMC9049599 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are good cell factories, and developing additional genetic manipulation tools will accelerate construction of metabolically engineered strains. Highly repetitive rDNA sequence is one of two main sites typically used for multicopy integration of genes. Here, we developed a simple and high‐efficiency strategy for rDNA‐mediated multicopy gene integration based on the dynamic balance of rDNA in S. cerevisiae. rDNA copy number was decreased by pre‐treatment with hydroxyurea (HU). Then, heterologous genes were integrated into the rDNA sequence. The copy number of the integrated heterologous genes increased along with restoration of the copy number of rDNA. Our results demonstrated that HU pre‐treatment doubled the number of integrated gene copies; moreover, compared with removing HU stress during transformation, removing HU stress after selection of transformants had a higher probability of resulting in transformants with high‐copy integrated genes. Finally, we integrated 18.0 copies of the xylose isomerase gene into the S. cerevisiae genome in a single step. This novel rDNA‐mediated multicopy genome integration strategy provides a convenient and efficient tool for further metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao China
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3
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Wu D, Wang D, Hong J. Effect of a Novel Alpha/Beta Hydrolase Domain Protein on Tolerance of K. marxianus to Lignocellulosic Biomass Derived Inhibitors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:844. [PMID: 32850717 PMCID: PMC7396682 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple inhibitors tolerance of microorganism is important in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass which is a promising renewable and sustainable source for biofuels and other chemicals. The disruption of an unknown α/β hydrolase, which was termed KmYME and located in mitochondria in this study, resulted in the yeast more susceptible to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, particularly to acetic acid, furfural and 5-HMF. The KmYME disrupted strain lost more mitochondrial membrane potential, showed increased plasma membrane permeability, severer redox ratio imbalance, and increased ROS accumulation, compared with those of the non-disrupted strain in the presence of the same inhibitors. The intracellular concentration of ATP, NAD and NADP in the KmYME disrupted strain was decreased. However, disruption of KmYME did not result in a significant change of gene expression at the transcriptional level. The KmYME possessed esterase/thioesterase activity which was necessary for the resistance to inhibitors. In addition, KmYME was also required for the resistance to other stresses including ethanol, temperature, and osmotic pressure. Disruption of two possible homologous genes in S. cerevisiae also reduced its tolerance to inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Hefei, China
| | - Jiong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Hefei, China
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Zhu R, Liu X, Li L, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Liu S, Feng W, Xu F, Zhang X. Valorization of industrial xylan-rich hemicelluloses into water-soluble derivatives by in-situ acetylation in EmimAc ionic liquid. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:457-463. [PMID: 32634510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, aimed at valorization of industrial xylan-rich hemicelluloses (a by-product of dissolving pulp process), water-soluble hemicelluloses were fabricated with mild acetylation in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid (EmimAc) and dichloroacetyl chloride (Cl2AcCl) system by a facile and novel method. The structure of the acetylated hemicelluloses was characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectra. The resultant modified products could fully dissolve in water with the degree of substitution (DS) valued between 0.17 and 0.37. Structural characterization indicated that the modified hemicelluloses were chiefly composed of the (1 → 4)-linked β-D-Xylp backbone with hydroxyl or -COCH3 linked to O-2 and O-3 of the Xylp units. Moreover, the mild acetylation was achieved by one-pot method, in which the hemicelluloses reacted with mixed anhydride produced between EmimAc and Cl2AcCl rather than Cl2AcCl. Rheological behavior measurements revealed that acetylated hemicelluloses solutions showed shear-thinning behavior and indicated lower viscosity compared with those of the referenced hemicelluloses. The excellent water-solubility of industrial hemicelluloses would widen its application field and be easier for its conversion into desired chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Xinjiang Zhongtai Textile Group Co. Ltd., Korla Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xinjiang 841000, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Wenjun Feng
- Xinjiang Zhongtai Textile Group Co. Ltd., Korla Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xinjiang 841000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China..
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Kylymenchuk O, Velіchko T, Malovanyy M, Umanets A, Hnilichenko А, Lahotska A. NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTIONS AND SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THEIR DISPOSAL. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v14i1.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been proved in the work that non-traditional, annually renewable wastes of plant raw materials − cuttings of fruit trees, hop stems and castor bean stems − are rational to be used for further biotechnological processing in order to obtain a valuable protein feed supplement. The negative impact of burning these plant wastes on soil microbiota has been confirmed. Technological properties, chemical and biopolymer composition of the plant waste have been studied. It has been found out that the optimum particle sizes for all three types of the studied waste are 20–35 mm in fibre length. Such grinding degree provides the best diffusion of the hydrolyzing agent into the particles of the raw material and the extraction of monosaccharides into the solution. All types of the analysed plant waste have a high content of polysaccharides, extractive substances, which will allow to use them as potential raw materials for the development of nutrient media to cultivate microorganisms in biotechnological industries. Acid degradation of biopolymers of the analysed raw materials has been carried out in laboratory conditions. Hydrolysate-based nutrient media have been obtained in laboratory conditions and their biological quality has been studied. Yeast culture strains, which are able to grow actively on the hydrolysates of fruit tree cuttings, hop and castor bean stems, have been selected, and Candida tropicalis culture has been cultivated during the process of periodic cultivation. The negative impact of burning plant residues on the soil microbiological status has been investigated. Samples of the soil were taken from the experimental plot before and after burning of the plant waste, microbiological studies of the total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen-fixing ones were conducted, since they are the only living organisms capable of absorbing molecular nitrogen from the air and incorporating it into the cycle of nitrogenous substances. The total number of microbes is reduced by 45%, and the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is halved. The process of their regeneration is rather slow, which will significantly affect soil fertility, and soil ashing can lead to changes in crops capable of producing high yields on this soil, and will require scientifically based crop rotations.
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Paula CCPDE, Montoya QV, Meirelles LA, Farinas CS, Rodrigues A, Seleghim MHR. High cellulolytic activities in filamentous fungi isolated from an extreme oligotrophic subterranean environment (Catão cave) in Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180583. [PMID: 31365652 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation and screening of new fungal strains from extreme and understudied environments, such as caves, is a promising approach to find higher yields enzyme producers. Cellulolytic fungal strains isolated from a Brazilian cave were evaluated for their enzymatic production after submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF). After SmF, three strains were selected for their high enzymatic activities: Aspergillus ustus for endoglucanase (4.76 U/mg), Talaromyces bruneus for β-glucosidase (11.71 U/mg) and Aspergillus sp. (CBMAI 1926) for total cellulase (1.70 U/mg). After SSF, these strains, showed better yields compared to the reference strain Aspergillus niger 3T5B8. Aspergillus sp. (CBMAI 1926) stood out as a new species that expressed activity of total cellulases (0.10 U/mg) and low protein concentration (0.44 mg/mL). In conclusion, these isolated strains have a more efficient and promising cellulolytic enzyme complex that can be used in fermentation and saccharification processes with a lower protein concentration and a higher enzymatic activity than the reference strain. Therefore, beside the new genetic material characterized, our study highlights the benefits of cave extreme environments exploitation to find new potentially valuable strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio C P DE Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Quimi V Montoya
- Universidade do Estado de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Meirelles
- Universidade do Estado de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Farinas
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/Embrapa - Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Verma ML, Kumar S, Das A, Randhawa JS, Chamundeeswari M. Enzyme Immobilization on Chitin and Chitosan-Based Supports for Biotechnological Applications. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 35 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16538-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mattam AJ, Kuila A, Suralikerimath N, Choudary N, Rao PVC, Velankar HR. Cellulolytic enzyme expression and simultaneous conversion of lignocellulosic sugars into ethanol and xylitol by a new Candida tropicalis strain. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:157. [PMID: 27462368 PMCID: PMC4960679 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic ethanol production involves major steps such as thermochemical pretreatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated biomass and the fermentation of released sugars into ethanol. At least two different organisms are conventionally utilized for producing cellulolytic enzymes and for ethanol production through fermentation, whereas in the present study a single yeast isolate with the capacity to simultaneously produce cellulases and xylanases and ferment the released sugars into ethanol and xylitol has been described. RESULTS A yeast strain isolated from soil samples and identified as Candida tropicalis MTCC 25057 expressed cellulases and xylanases over a wide range of temperatures (32 and 42 °C) and in the presence of different cellulosic substrates [carboxymethylcellulose and wheat straw (WS)]. The studies indicated that the cultivation of yeast at 42 °C in pre-treated hydrolysate containing 0.5 % WS resulted in proportional expression of cellulases (exoglucanases and endoglucanases) at concentrations of 114.1 and 97.8 U g(-1) ds, respectively. A high xylanase activity (689.3 U g(-1) ds) was also exhibited by the yeast under similar growth conditions. Maximum expression of cellulolytic enzymes by the yeast occurred within 24 h of incubation. Of the sugars released from biomass after pretreatment, 49 g L(-1) xylose was aerobically converted into 15.8 g L(-1) of xylitol. In addition, 25.4 g L(-1) glucose released after the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass was fermented by the same yeast to obtain an ethanol titer of 7.3 g L(-1). CONCLUSIONS During the present study, a new strain of C. tropicalis was isolated and found to have potential for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) applications. The strain could grow in a wide range of process conditions (temperature, pH) and in the presence of lignocellulosic inhibitors such as furfural, HMF and acetic acid. The new yeast produced cellulolytic enzymes over a wide temperature range and in the presence of various cellulosic substrates. The cellulolytic enzymes produced by the yeast were effectively used for the hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. The released sugars, xylose and glucose were, respectively, converted into xylitol and ethanol. The potential shown by the new inhibitor tolerant cellulolytic C. tropicalis to produce ethanol or xylitol is of great industrial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jose Mattam
- Bioprocess Group, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 560067 India
| | - Arindam Kuila
- Bioprocess Group, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 560067 India
| | - Niranjan Suralikerimath
- Bioprocess Group, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 560067 India
| | - Nettem Choudary
- Bioprocess Group, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 560067 India
| | - Peddy V. C. Rao
- Bioprocess Group, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 560067 India
| | - Harshad Ravindra Velankar
- Bioprocess Group, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 560067 India
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Wang W, Ling H, Zhao H. Steam explosion pretreatment of corn straw on xylose recovery and xylitol production using hydrolysate without detoxification. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Mutagenesis and evaluation of cellulase properties and cellulose hydrolysis of Talaromyces piceus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1811-9. [PMID: 26330062 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fungal species with a high yield of β-glucosidase was isolated and identified as Talaromyces piceus 9-3 (anamorph: Penicillium piceum) by morphological and molecular characterization. Through dimethyl sulphate mutagenesis, the cellulase over-producing strain T. piceus H16 was obtained. The FPase activity and β-glucosidase activity of T. piceus H16 were 5.83 and 53.12 IU ml(-1) respectively--a 5.34- and 4.43-times improvement from the parent strain T. piceus 9-3. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 5.0 and 50 °C for FPase activity and pH 5.0 and 55 °C for β-glucosidase activity, respectively. The cellulase were quite stable at 37 °C, only losing <10% of their initial activity after 24 h of incubation. Hydrolysis analysis results showed that a highly efficient synergistic effect was achieved by combining cellulase from T. piceus H16 with that from Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 on hydrolyzing different substrates due to the high β-glucosidase activity of T. piceus H16. These data suggest that T. piceus H16 can be used as a potential cellulase producer with good prospects.
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Qi K, Xia XX, Zhong JJ. Enhanced anti-oxidative activity and lignocellulosic ethanol production by biotin addition to medium in Pichia guilliermondii fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:36-43. [PMID: 25864029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation requires its high titer, but the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during the bioprocess damaged the cells and compromised this goal. To improve the cellular anti-oxidative activity during non-detoxified corncob residue hydrolysate fermentation, seed cells were prepared to possess a higher level of intracellular biotin pool (IBP), which facilitated the biosyntheses of catalase and porphyrin. As a result, the catalase activity increased by 1.3-folds compared to control while the ROS level reduced by 50%. Cell viability in high-IBP cells was 1.7-folds of control and the final ethanol titer increased from 31.2 to 41.8 g L(-1) in batch fermentation. The high-IBP cells were further used for repeated-batch fermentation in the non-detoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and the highest titer and average productivity of ethanol reached 63.7 g L(-1) and 1.2 g L(-1)h(-1). The results were favorable to future industrial application of this lignocellulosic bioethanol process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Lab. of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Lab. of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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14
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Cheng KK, Wu J, Lin ZN, Zhang JA. Aerobic and sequential anaerobic fermentation to produce xylitol and ethanol using non-detoxified acid pretreated corncob. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:166. [PMID: 25431622 PMCID: PMC4245779 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For economical bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials, the major technical challenges to lower the production cost are as follows: (1) The microorganism should use efficiently all glucose and xylose in the lignocellulose hydrolysate. (2) The microorganism should have high tolerance to the inhibitors present in the lignocellulose hydrolysate. The aim of the present work was to combine inhibitor degradation, xylitol fermentation, and ethanol production using a single yeast strain. RESULTS A new process of integrated aerobic xylitol production and anaerobic ethanol fermentation using non-detoxified acid pretreated corncob by Candida tropicalis W103 was proposed. C. tropicalis W103 is able to degrade acetate, furfural, and 5-hydromethylfurfural and metabolite xylose to xylitol under aerobic conditions, and the aerobic fermentation residue was used as the substrate for ethanol production by anaerobic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. With 20% substrate loading, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were degraded totally after 60 h aerobic incubation. A maximal xylitol concentration of 17.1 g l(-1) was obtained with a yield of 0.32 g g(-1) xylose. Then under anaerobic conditions with the addition of cellulase, 25.3 g l(-1) ethanol was produced after 72 h anaerobic fermentation, corresponding to 82% of the theoretical yield. CONCLUSIONS Xylitol and ethanol were produced in Candida tropicalis W103 using dual-phase fermentations, which comprise a changing from aerobic conditions (inhibitor degradation and xylitol production) to anaerobic simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation. This is the first report of integrated xylitol and ethanol production from non-detoxified acid pretreated corncob using a single microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Nan Lin
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China
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Fan X, Cheng G, Zhang H, Li M, Wang S, Yuan Q. Effects of acid impregnated steam explosion process on xylose recovery and enzymatic conversion of cellulose in corncob. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:21-26. [PMID: 25263859 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Corncob residue is a cellulose-rich byproduct obtained from industrial xylose production via dilute acid hydrolysis processes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (AHRC) is often less efficient without further pretreatment. In this work, the process characteristics of acid impregnated steam explosion were studied in conjunction with a dilute acid process, and their effects on physiochemical changes and enzymatic saccharification of corncob residue were compared. With the acid impregnated steam explosion process, both higher xylose recovery and higher cellulose conversion were obtained. The maximum conversion of cellulose in acid impregnated steam explosion residue of corncob (ASERC) reached 85.3%, which was 1.6 times higher than that of AHRC. Biomass compositional analysis showed similar cellulose and lignin content in ASERC and AHRC. XRD analysis demonstrated comparable crystallinity of ASERC and AHRC. The improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was attributed to higher porosity in ASERC, measured by mercury porosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Menghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shizeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Romo-Sánchez S, Camacho C, Ramirez HL, Arévalo-Villena M. Immobilization of Commercial Cellulase and Xylanase by Different Methods Using Two Polymeric Supports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2014.56062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Fan C, Qi K, Xia XX, Zhong JJ. Efficient ethanol production from corncob residues by repeated fermentation of an adapted yeast. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:309-15. [PMID: 23567696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For economically feasible lignocellulosic ethanol production, it is crucial to obtain a robust strain and develop an efficient fermentation process. An earlier-screened yeast strain Pichia guilliermondii was adapted to corncob residues (CCR) hydrolysate and used for high titer ethanol production without any detoxification or external nutrient supplementation. With an optimized fed-batch strategy, the maximum ethanol titer and productivity reached 56.3 g/l and 0.47 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively. To further increase the ethanol productivity, the fed-batch process was repeated three times with cell reuse, and the maximum ethanol titer and productivity reached 51.2 g/l and 1.11 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively. The results demonstrated that the combination of fed-batch with repeated fermentation was effective in improving the fermentation efficiency and achieving high ethanol productivity from CCR. The reported system is considered promising for commercial production of bioethanol from biomass hydrolysate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Liu G, Qin Y, Li Z, Qu Y. Development of highly efficient, low-cost lignocellulolytic enzyme systems in the post-genomic era. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:962-75. [PMID: 23507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current high cost of lignocellulolytic enzymes is a major bottleneck in the economic bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Fungal lignocellulolytic enzyme systems are secreted at high levels, making them the most promising starting points for further development of highly efficient lignocellulolytic enzyme systems. In this paper, recent advances in improvement of fungal lignocellulolytic enzyme systems are reviewed, with an emphasis on the achievements made using genomic approaches. A general strategy for lignocellulolytic enzyme system development is proposed, including the improvement of the hydrolysis efficiencies and productivities of current enzyme systems. The applications of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis methods in examining the composition of native enzyme systems, discovery of novel enzymes and synergistic proteins from natural sources, and understanding of regulatory mechanisms for lignocellulolytic enzyme biosynthesis are summarized. By combining systems biology and synthetic biology tools, engineered fungal strains are expected to produce high levels of optimized lignocellulolytic enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Liu G, Zhang L, Wei X, Zou G, Qin Y, Ma L, Li J, Zheng H, Wang S, Wang C, Xun L, Zhao GP, Zhou Z, Qu Y. Genomic and secretomic analyses reveal unique features of the lignocellulolytic enzyme system of Penicillium decumbens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55185. [PMID: 23383313 PMCID: PMC3562324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Penicillium species could produce extracellular enzyme systems with good lignocellulose hydrolysis performance. However, these species and their enzyme systems are still poorly understood and explored due to the lacking of genetic information. Here, we present the genomic and secretomic analyses of Penicillium decumbens that has been used in industrial production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in China for more than fifteen years. Comparative genomics analysis with the phylogenetically most similar species Penicillium chrysogenum revealed that P. decumbens has evolved with more genes involved in plant cell wall degradation, but fewer genes in cellular metabolism and regulation. Compared with the widely used cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei, P. decumbens has a lignocellulolytic enzyme system with more diverse components, particularly for cellulose binding domain-containing proteins and hemicellulases. Further, proteomic analysis of secretomes revealed that P. decumbens produced significantly more lignocellulolytic enzymes in the medium with cellulose-wheat bran as the carbon source than with glucose. The results expand our knowledge on the genetic information of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems in Penicillium species, and will facilitate rational strain improvement for the production of highly efficient enzyme systems used in lignocellulose utilization from Penicillium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyue Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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20
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Zhang WL, Liu ZY, Liu Z, Li FL. Butanol production from corncob residue using Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:240-6. [PMID: 22738279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether corncob residue (CCR) could be a good substrate for butanol production. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, Ca(OH)₂ detoxification technique was used to remove inhibitors of lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis. During fermentation of untreated corncob residue hydrolysate (CCRH) by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052, cell growth was inhibited and only 3·8 g l⁻¹ acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE) was produced. After pretreatment with Ca(OH)₂, enzymatic hydrolysis of CCR resulted in 49·3 g l⁻¹ total sugars, about twofold of that of untreated one. In the fermentation of the Ca(OH)₂-detoxified CCRH, sugar utilization ratio was increased by 27·3%. When using the Ca(OH)₂-detoxified CCRH supplemented with 10 g l⁻¹ glucose, 16·0 g l⁻¹ ABE was produced, resulting in an ABE yield of 0·32 and a productivity of 0·33 g l⁻¹ h⁻¹. CONCLUSION The results in this study suggest that CCR was a good carbon source for ABE fermentation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It is the first time to use CCR as substrate for butanol production. Ca(OH)₂ detoxification pretreatment was proved to be an effective method to improve enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cellulolytic Enzyme Production and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 128:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Cheng KK, Wang W, Zhang JA, Zhao Q, Li JP, Xue JW. Statistical optimization of sulfite pretreatment of corncob residues for high concentration ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3014-3019. [PMID: 21067916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a central composite design of response surface method was used to optimize sulfite pretreatment of corncob residues, in respect to sulfite charge (5-10%), treatment time (1-2h), liquid/solid (l/s) ratio (6:1-10:1) and temperature (150-180°C) for maximizing glucose production in enzymatic hydrolysis process. The relative optimum condition was obtained as follows: sulfite charge 7.1%, l/s ratio 7.6:1, temperature 156°C for 1.4h, corresponding to 79.3% total glucan converted to glucose+cellobiose. In the subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) experiments using 15% glucan substrates pretreated under this kind of conditions, 60.8 g ethanol l(-1) with 72.2% theoretical yield was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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23
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Ji XJ, Huang H, Nie ZK, Qu L, Xu Q, Tsao GT. Fuels and chemicals from hemicellulose sugars. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 128:199-224. [PMID: 22249365 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Industrial processes of lignocellulosic material have made use of only the hexose component of the cellulose fraction. Pentoses and some minor hexoses present in the hemicellulose fraction, which may represent as much as 40% of lignocellulosic biomass, have in most cases been wasted. The lack of good methods for utilization of hemicellulose sugars is a key obstacle hindering the development of lignocellulose-based ethanol and other biofuels. In this chapter, we focus on the utilization of hemicellulose sugars, the structure of hemicellulose and its hydrolysis, and the biochemistry and process technology involved in their conversion to valuable fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Rd., Nanjing, 210009, China
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24
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25
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26
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Integrated production of xylitol and ethanol using corncob. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:411-7. [PMID: 20424835 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol production from corncob hemicellulose is a popular process in China. Microbial conversion of xylose to xylitol, as a biological process with many advantages, has drawn increasing attention. As a by-product from the manufacturing of xylitol, corncob cellulosic residues are produced in very large amounts and represent an environmental problem. As a result, considering the large amount of xylitol production in China, the conversion of corncob cellulosic residues has become a widespread issue having to be tackled. After the hemicellulose in corncob has been hydrolyzed for xylitol production, the corncob cellulosic residue is porous and can easily be hydrolyzed by cellulases into glucose and further converted to ethanol, another high-added-value chemical. Based on the latest technology advancements in xylitol, cellulase, and ethanol production, the integrated production of ethanol from corncob cellulosic residues appears as a promising way to improve the profit of the whole xylitol production process.
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27
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Okumura F, Kameda H, Ojima T, Hatakeyama S. Expression of recombinant sea urchin cellulase SnEG54 using mammalian cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 395:352-5. [PMID: 20381456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified the cellulase SnEG54 from Japanese purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus, the molecular mass of which is about 54kDa on SDS-PAGE. It is difficult to express and purify a recombinant cellulase protein using bacteria such as Escherichia coli or yeast. In this study, we generated mammalian expression vectors encoding SnEG54 to transiently express SnEG54 in mammalian cells. Both SnEG54 expressed in mammalian cells and SnEG54 released into the culture supernatant showed hydrolytic activity toward carboxymethyl cellulose. By using a retroviral expression system, we also established a mammalian cell line that constitutively produces SnEG54. Unexpectedly, SnEG54 released into the culture medium was not stable, and the peak time showing the highest concentration was approximately 1-2days after seeding into fresh culture media. These findings suggest that non-mammalian sea urchin cellulase can be generated in human cell lines but that recombinant SnEG54 is unstable in culture medium due to an unidentified mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Okumura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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28
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Hui YS, Amirul AA, Yahya ARM, Azizan MNM. Cellulase production by free and immobilized Aspergillus terreus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Qi B, Chen X, Shen F, Su Y, Wan Y. Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw Pretreated by Alkaline Peroxide Using Response Surface Methodology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8016863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benkun Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Seo HB, Kim S, Lee HY, Jung KH. Improved Bioethanol Production Using Activated Carbon-treated Acid Hydrolysate from Corn Hull in Pachysolen tannophilus. MYCOBIOLOGY 2009; 37:133-40. [PMID: 23983522 PMCID: PMC3749403 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2009.37.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To optimally convert corn hull, a byproduct from corn processing, into bioethanol using Pachysolen tannophlius, we investigated the optimal conditions for hydrolysis and removal of toxic substances in the hydrolysate via activated carbon treatment as well as the effects of this detoxification process on the kinetic parameters of bioethanol production. Maximum monosaccharide concentrations were obtained in hydrolysates in which 20 g of corn hull was hydrolyzed in 4% (v/v) H2SO4. Activated carbon treatment removed 92.3% of phenolic compounds from the hydrolysate. When untreated hydrolysate was used, the monosaccharides were not completely consumed, even at 480 h of culture. When activated carbon-treated hydrolysate was used, the monosaccharides were mostly consumed at 192 h of culture. In particular, when activated carbon-treated hydrolysate was used, bioethanol productivity (P) and specific bioethanol production rate (Qp) were 2.4 times and 3.4 times greater, respectively, compared to untreated hydrolysate. This was due to sustained bioethanol production during the period of xylose/arabinose utilization, which occurred only when activated carbon-treated hydrolysate was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Beom Seo
- Division of Food and Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Jeungpyung, Chungbuk 368-701, Korea
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31
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Abstract
Following the success of transgenic maize and rice, methods have now been developed for the efficient introduction of genes into wheat, barley and oats. This review summarizes the present position in relation to these three species, and also uses information from field trial databases and the patent literature to assess the future trends in the exploitation of transgenic material. This analysis includes agronomic traits and also discusses opportunities in expanding areas such as biofuels and biopharming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim M Dunwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
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32
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Generation of recombinants strains to cellulases production by protoplast fusion between Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma harzianum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Zhang YHP. Reviving the carbohydrate economy via multi-product lignocellulose biorefineries. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:367-375. [PMID: 18180967 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Before the industrial revolution, the global economy was largely based on living carbon from plants. Now the economy is mainly dependent on fossil fuels (dead carbon). Biomass is the only sustainable bioresource that can provide sufficient transportation fuels and renewable materials at the same time. Cellulosic ethanol production from less costly and most abundant lignocellulose is confronted with three main obstacles: (1) high processing costs (dollars /gallon of ethanol), (2) huge capital investment (dollars approximately 4-10/gallon of annual ethanol production capacity), and (3) a narrow margin between feedstock and product prices. Both lignocellulose fractionation technology and effective co-utilization of acetic acid, lignin and hemicellulose will be vital to the realization of profitable lignocellulose biorefineries, since co-product revenues would increase the margin up to 6.2-fold, where all purified lignocellulose co-components have higher selling prices (> approximately 1.0/kg) than ethanol ( approximately 0.5/kg of ethanol). Isolation of large amounts of lignocellulose components through lignocellulose fractionation would stimulate R&D in lignin and hemicellulose applications, as well as promote new markets for lignin- and hemicellulose-derivative products. Lignocellulose resource would be sufficient to replace significant fractionations (e.g., 30%) of transportation fuels through liquid biofuels, internal combustion engines in the short term, and would provide 100% transportation fuels by sugar-hydrogen-fuel cell systems in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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