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Guo J, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Hao X, Liu Y, Li S, Wu R. Identification of a Novel Aflatoxin B 1-Degrading Strain, Bacillus halotolerans DDC-4, and Its Response Mechanisms to Aflatoxin B 1. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:256. [PMID: 38922150 PMCID: PMC11209560 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is a food safety issue threatening human health globally. Biodegradation is an effective method for overcoming this problem, and many microorganisms have been identified as AFB1-degrading strains. However, the response mechanisms of these microbes to AFB1 remain unclear. More degrading enzymes, especially of new types, need to be discovered. In this study, a novel AFB1-degrading strain, DDC-4, was isolated using coumarin as the sole carbon source. This strain was identified as Bacillus halotolerans through physiological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The strain's degradation activity was predominantly attributable to thermostable extracellular proteins (degradation rate remained approximately 80% at 90 °C) and was augmented by Cu2+ (95.45% AFB1 was degraded at 48 h). Alpha/beta hydrolase (arylesterase) was selected as candidate AFB1-degrading enzymes for the first time as a gene encoding this enzyme was highly expressed in the presence of AFB1. Moreover, AFB1 inhibited many genes involved in the nucleotide synthesis of strain DDC-4, which is possibly the partial molecular mechanism of AFB1's toxicity to microorganisms. To survive under this stress, sporulation-related genes were induced in the strain. Altogether, our study identified a novel AFB1-degrading strain and explained its response mechanisms to AFB1, thereby providing new insights for AFB1 biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Greens SCI. & TECH. Development Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063299, China;
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoxu Hao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Suhong Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
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Elsässer B, Goettig P. Mechanisms of Proteolytic Enzymes and Their Inhibition in QM/MM Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3232. [PMID: 33810118 PMCID: PMC8004986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence for enzymatic mechanisms is often scarce, and in many cases inadvertently biased by the employed methods. Thus, apparently contradictory model mechanisms can result in decade long discussions about the correct interpretation of data and the true theory behind it. However, often such opposing views turn out to be special cases of a more comprehensive and superior concept. Molecular dynamics (MD) and the more advanced molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical approach (QM/MM) provide a relatively consistent framework to treat enzymatic mechanisms, in particular, the activity of proteolytic enzymes. In line with this, computational chemistry based on experimental structures came up with studies on all major protease classes in recent years; examples of aspartic, metallo-, cysteine, serine, and threonine protease mechanisms are well founded on corresponding standards. In addition, experimental evidence from enzyme kinetics, structural research, and various other methods supports the described calculated mechanisms. One step beyond is the application of this information to the design of new and powerful inhibitors of disease-related enzymes, such as the HIV protease. In this overview, a few examples demonstrate the high potential of the QM/MM approach for sophisticated pharmaceutical compound design and supporting functions in the analysis of biomolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Goettig
- Structural Biology Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
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Brandão LMDS, Barbosa MS, Souza RL, Pereira MM, Lima ÁS, Soares CMF. Lipase activation by molecular bioimprinting: The role of interactions between fatty acids and enzyme active site. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3064. [PMID: 32776684 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioimprinting is an easy, sustainable and low-cost technique that promotes a printing of potential substrates on enzyme structure, inducing a more selective and stable conformation. Bioimprinting promotes conformational changes in enzymes, resulting in better catalytic performance. In this work, the effect of bioimprinting of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) and porcine pancreatic extracts (PPE) with four different fatty acids (lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:0)) was investigated. The results demonstrated that the better bioimprinting effect was in BCL with lauric acid in esterification reaction, promoting BCL activation in which relative enzyme activity was 70 times greater than nonimprinted BCL. Bioimprinting results were influenced by the carbon chain length of fatty acids imprinted in the BCL, in which the effects were weaker with the chain increase. Molecular docking was performed to better understand the bioimprinting method. The results of these simulations showed that indeed all fatty acids were imprinted in the active site of BCL. However, lauric acid presented the highest imprinting preference in the active site of BCL, resulting in the highest relative activity. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed important variations in secondary structure of bioimprinting BCL with lauric acid, in which there was a reduction in the α-helix content and an increase in the β-sheet content that facilitated substrate access to the active site of BCL and led higher rigidity, resulting in high activity. Bioimprinted BCL with lauric acid showed excellent operational stability in esterification reaction, maintaining its original relative activity after five successive cycles. Thus, the results show that bioimprinting of BCL with lauric acid is a successful strategy due to its high catalytic activity and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ranyere L Souza
- Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Matheus M Pereira
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Álvaro S Lima
- Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cleide M F Soares
- Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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4
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Ma R, Yuan H, An J, Hao X, Li H. A Gossypium hirsutum GDSL lipase/hydrolase gene (GhGLIP) appears to be involved in promoting seed growth in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195556. [PMID: 29621331 PMCID: PMC5886685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GDSL lipase (GLIP) plays a pivotal role in plant cell growth as a multifunctional hydrolytic enzyme. Herein, a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Xuzhou 142) GDSL lipase gene (GhGLIP) was obtained from developing ovules and fibers. The GhGLIP cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,143 base pairs (bp) and encodes a putative polypeptide of 380 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment indicated that GhGLIP includes four enzyme catalytic amino acid residue sites of Ser (S), Gly (G), Asn (N) and His (H), located in four conserved blocks. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GhGLIP belongs to the typical class IV lipase family with potential functions in plant secondary metabolism. Subcellular distribution analysis demonstrated that GhGLIP localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. GhGLIP was expressed predominantly at 5-15 day post anthesis (dpa) in developing ovules and elongating fibers, measured as mRNA levels and enzyme activity. Ectopic overexpression of GhGLIP in Arabidopsis plants resulted in enhanced seed development, including length and fresh weight. Meanwhile, there was increased soluble sugar and protein storage in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, coupled with the promotion of lipase activity. Moreover, the expression of cotton GhGLIP is induced by ethylene (ETH) treatment in vitro. A 1,954-bp GhGLIP promoter was isolated and expressed high activity in driving green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression in tobacco leaves. Cis-acting element analysis of the GhGLIP promoter (pGhGLIP) indicated the presence of an ethylene-responsive element (ERE), and transgenic tobacco leaves with ectopic expression of pGhGLIP::GFP-GUS showed increased GUS activity after ETH treatment. In summary, these results suggest that GhGLIP is a functional enzyme involved in ovule and fiber development and performs significant roles in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendi Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hali Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing An
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnolog, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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5
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Wang Y, Ryu BH, Yoo W, Lee CW, Kim KK, Lee JH, Kim TD. Identification, characterization, immobilization, and mutational analysis of a novel acetylesterase with industrial potential (LaAcE) from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:197-210. [PMID: 29051067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria, which are involved in the fermentation of vegetables, meats, and dairy products, are widely used for the productions of small organic molecules and bioactive peptides. Here, a novel acetylesterase (LaAcE) from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM was identified, functionally characterized, immobilized, and subjected to site-directed mutagenesis for biotechnological applications. The enzymatic properties of LaAcE were investigated using biochemical and biophysical methods including native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, acetic acid release, biochemical assays, enzyme kinetics, and spectroscopic methods. Interestingly, LaAcE exhibited the ability to act on a broad range of substrates including glucose pentaacetate, glyceryl tributyrate, fish oil, and fermentation-related compounds. Furthermore, immobilization of LaAcE showed good recycling ability and high thermal stability compared with free LaAcE. A structural model of LaAcE was used to guide mutational analysis of hydrophobic substrate-binding region, which was composed of Leu156, Phe164, and Val204. Five mutants (L156A, F164A, V204A, L156A/F164A, and L156A/V204A) were generated and investigated to elucidate the roles of these hydrophobic residues in substrate specificity. This work provided valuable insights into the properties of LaAcE, and demonstrated that LaAcE could be used as a model enzyme of acetylesterase in lactic acid bacteria, making LaAcE a great candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Han Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - T Doohun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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Khatkov IE, Maev IV, Bordin DS, Kucheryavyi YA, Abdulkhakov SR, Alekseenko SA, Alieva EI, Alikhanov RB, Bakulin IG, Baranovsky AY, Beloborodova EV, Belousova EA, Buriev IM, Bystrovskaya EV, Vertyankin SV, Vinokurova LV, Galperin EI, Gorelov AV, Grinevich VB, Danilov MV, Darvin VV, Dubtsova EA, Dyuzheva TG, Egorov VI, Efanov MG, Zakharova NV, Zagainov VE, Ivashkin VT, Izrailov RE, Korochanskaya NV, Kornienko EA, Korobka VL, Kokhanenko NY, Livzan MA, Loranskaya ID, Nikolskaya KA, Osipenko MF, Okhlobystin AV, Pasechnikov VD, Plotnikova EY, Polyakova SI, Sablin OA, Simanenkov VI, Ursova NI, Tsvirkun VV, Tsukanov VV, Shabunin AV. The Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis: Enzyme replacement therapy. TERAPEVT ARKH 2017; 89:80-87. [PMID: 28914856 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201789880-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatology Club Professional Medical Community, 1A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 2A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 3Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan; 4Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan; 5Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Khabarovsk; 6Morozov City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 7I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 8Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk; 9M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow; 10Maimonides State Classical Academy, Moscow; 11V.I. Razumovsky State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saratov; 12I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 13S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 14Surgut State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Surgut; 15City Clinical Hospital Five, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 16Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod; 17Territorial Clinical Hospital Two, Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar; 18Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 19Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don; 20Omsk Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Omsk; 21Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 22Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk; 23Stavropol State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Stavropol; 24Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo; 25N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 26A.M. Nikiforov All-Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, Russian Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Saint Petersburg; 27Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk; 28S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 29Tver State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tver The Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis has been prepared on the initiative of the Russian Pancreatology Club to clarify and consolidate the opinions of Russian specialists (gastroenterologists, surgeons, and pediatricians) on the most significant problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. This article continues a series of publications explaining the most significant interdisciplinary consensus statements and deals with enzyme replacement therapy.
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An extended loop in CE7 carbohydrate esterase family is dispensable for oligomerization but required for activity and thermostability. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Ju H, Ryu BH, Doohun Kim T. Identification, characterization, immobilization of a novel type hydrolase (LmH) from Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Roussel A, Amara S, Nyyssölä A, Mateos-Diaz E, Blangy S, Kontkanen H, Westerholm-Parvinen A, Carrière F, Cambillau C. A Cutinase from Trichoderma reesei with a lid-covered active site and kinetic properties of true lipases. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3757-3772. [PMID: 25219509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutinases belong to the α/β-hydrolase fold family of enzymes and degrade cutin and various esters, including triglycerides, phospholipids and galactolipids. Cutinases are able to degrade aggregated and soluble substrates because, in contrast with true lipases, they do not have a lid covering their catalytic machinery. We report here the structure of a cutinase from the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Tr) in native and inhibitor-bound conformations, along with its enzymatic characterization. A rare characteristic of Tr cutinase is its optimal activity at acidic pH. Furthermore, Tr cutinase, in contrast with classical cutinases, possesses a lid covering its active site and requires the presence of detergents for activity. In addition to the presence of the lid, the core of the Tr enzyme is very similar to other cutinase cores, with a central five-stranded β-sheet covered by helices on either side. The catalytic residues form a catalytic triad involving Ser164, His229 and Asp216 that is covered by the two N-terminal helices, which form the lid. This lid opens in the presence of surfactants, such as β-octylglucoside, and uncovers the catalytic crevice, allowing a C11Y4 phosphonate inhibitor to bind to the catalytic serine. Taken together, these results reveal Tr cutinase to be a member of a new group of lipolytic enzymes resembling cutinases but with kinetic and structural features of true lipases and a heightened specificity for long-chain triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Roussel
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Antti Nyyssölä
- VTT Biotechnology, P. O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Eduardo Mateos-Diaz
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Procópio L, Macrae A, van Elsas JD, Seldin L. The putative α/β-hydrolases of Dietzia cinnamea P4 strain as potential enzymes for biocatalytic applications. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:635-46. [PMID: 23142860 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The draft genome of the soil actinomycete Dietzia cinnamea P4 reveals a versatile group of α/β-hydrolase fold enzymes. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses were used to classify the α/β-hydrolases of strain P4 into six different groups: (i) lipases, (ii) esterases, (iii) epoxide hydrolases, (iv) haloacid dehalogenases, (v) C-C breaking enzymes and (vi) serine peptidases. The high number of lipases/esterases (41) and epoxide hydrolase enzymes (14) present in the relatively small (3.6 Mb) P4 genome is unusual; it is likely to be linked to the survival of strain P4 in its natural environment. Strain P4 is thus equipped with a large number of genes which would appear to confer survivability in harsh hot tropical soil. As such, this highly resilient soil bacterial strain provides an interesting genome for enzyme mining for applications in the field of biotransformations of polymeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Procópio
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941.590, Brazil
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11
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Ryu BH, Ngo TD, Jang E, Kim S, Ju H, Kim KK, Kim TD. Identification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of esterase A from Caulobacter crescentus CB15, a family VIII lipolytic enzyme. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:560-4. [PMID: 22691788 PMCID: PMC3374513 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112009992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structures and functions of family VIII lipolytic enzymes, which have moderate sequence identity to class C β-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins, are largely unknown. Here, the X-ray crystallographic study of a family VIII esterase from Caulobacter crescentus CB15 (CcEstA) is described. Sequence analysis revealed that CcEstA has a conserved serine residue within the S-X-X-K motif which acts as a catalytic nucleophile. Recombinant protein containing an N-terminal His tag was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Functional studies showed that CcEstA acts on α- and β-naphthyl acetate as substrates. In addition, it can catalyze the hydrolysis of ketoprofen ethyl ester, a highly useful product in industrial applications. CcEstA was crystallized using a solution consisting of 1.0 M potassium/sodium tartrate, 0.1 M imidazole pH 8.0, 0.2 M NaCl, and X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.62 Å with an R(merge) of 9.4%. The crystals of CcEstA belonged to space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 172.23, b = 176.68, c = 47.93 Å. Structure determination is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Han Ryu
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Programs, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tri Duc Ngo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Jang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Programs, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Ju
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Programs, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Doohun Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Programs, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bae SY, Ryu BH, Jang E, Kim S, Kim TD. Characterization and immobilization of a novel SGNH hydrolase (Est24) from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1637-47. [PMID: 22526795 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel oligomeric SGNH hydrolase (Est24) from Sinorhizobium meliloti was identified, actively expressed in Escherichia coli, characterized, and immobilized for industrial application. Sequence analysis of Est24 revealed a putative catalytic triad (Ser¹³-Asp¹⁶³-His¹⁶⁹), with moderate homology to other SGNH hydrolases. Est24 was more active toward short-chain esters, such as p-nitrophenyl acetate, butyrate, and valerate, while the S13A mutant completely lost its activity. Moreover, the activity of Est24 toward α- and β-naphthyl acetate, and enantioselectivity on (R)- and (S)-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate were tested. Est24 exhibited optimum activity at mesophilic temperature ranges (45-55 °C), and slightly alkaline pH (8.0). Structural and mutagenesis studies revealed critical residues involved in the formation of a catalytic triad and substrate-binding pocket. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Est24 with and without amyloid fibrils were prepared, and amyloid fibril-linked Est24 with amyloid fibrils retained 83 % of its initial activity after 1 h of incubation at 60 °C. The high thermal stability of immobilized Est24 highlights its potential in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Bae
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Programs, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
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Kim S, Bae SY, Kim SJ, Ngo TD, Kim KK, Kim TD. Characterization, amyloid formation, and immobilization of a novel SGNH hydrolase from Listeria innocua 11262. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 50:103-11. [PMID: 22020155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel oligomeric hydrolase (LI22) from Listeria innocua CLIP 11262 was identified, characterized, and immobilized for industrial application. Sequence analysis of LI22 revealed a putative catalytic triad (Ser(10)-Asp(176)-His(179)), and a conserved sequence motif Ser(S)(10)-Gly(G)(77)-Asn(N)(79)-His(H)(179) with moderate identities (<30%) with other members of the SGNH-hydrolase superfamily. LI22 was able to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl acetate, α- and β-naphthyl acetate, while the S10A mutant completely lost its activity. Structural properties of LI22 were investigated using gel filtration, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, molecular modeling, and gel filtration. We have shown that upon incubation in 30% TFE or 50% ethanol solution, LI22 was transformed into curly amyloid fibrils. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of LI22 were prepared by precipitating the enzyme with ammonium sulfate and subsequent cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Higher thermal and chemical stability, as well as good durability after repeated use of the LI22-CLEA, highlight its potential applicability as a biocatalyst in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Programs, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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14
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Fieker A, Philpott J, Armand M. Enzyme replacement therapy for pancreatic insufficiency: present and future. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2011; 4:55-73. [PMID: 21753892 PMCID: PMC3132852 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s17634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for nutrient malabsorption secondary to pancreatic insufficiency. This treatment is safe and has few side effects. Data demonstrate efficacy in reducing steatorrhea and fat malabsorption. Effective therapy has been limited by the ability to replicate the physiologic process of enzyme delivery to the appropriate site, in general the duodenum, at the appropriate time. The challenges include enzyme destruction in the stomach, lack of adequate mixing with the chyme in the duodenum, and failing to deliver and activate at the appropriate time. Treatment is begun when clinically significant malabsorption occurs resulting in steatorrhea and weight loss. Treatment failure is addressed in a sequential fashion. Current research is aimed at studying new enzymes and delivery systems to improve the efficiency of action in the duodenum along with developing better means to monitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fieker
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Oklahoma, OKC, OK, USA
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Sukovich DJ, Seffernick JL, Richman JE, Gralnick JA, Wackett LP. Widespread head-to-head hydrocarbon biosynthesis in bacteria and role of OleA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:3850-62. [PMID: 20418421 PMCID: PMC2893475 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00436-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identified the oleABCD genes involved in head-to-head olefinic hydrocarbon biosynthesis. The present study more fully defined the OleABCD protein families within the thiolase, alpha/beta-hydrolase, AMP-dependent ligase/synthase, and short-chain dehydrogenase superfamilies, respectively. Only 0.1 to 1% of each superfamily represents likely Ole proteins. Sequence analysis based on structural alignments and gene context was used to identify highly likely ole genes. Selected microorganisms from the phyla Verucomicrobia, Planctomyces, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were tested experimentally and shown to produce long-chain olefinic hydrocarbons. However, different species from the same genera sometimes lack the ole genes and fail to produce olefinic hydrocarbons. Overall, only 1.9% of 3,558 genomes analyzed showed clear evidence for containing ole genes. The type of olefins produced by different bacteria differed greatly with respect to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds. The greatest number of organisms surveyed biosynthesized a single long-chain olefin, 3,6,9,12,15,19,22,25,28-hentriacontanonaene, that contains nine double bonds. Xanthomonas campestris produced the greatest number of distinct olefin products, 15 compounds ranging in length from C(28) to C(31) and containing one to three double bonds. The type of long-chain product formed was shown to be dependent on the oleA gene in experiments with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 ole gene deletion mutants containing native or heterologous oleA genes expressed in trans. A strain deleted in oleABCD and containing oleA in trans produced only ketones. Based on these observations, it was proposed that OleA catalyzes a nondecarboxylative thiolytic condensation of fatty acyl chains to generate a beta-ketoacyl intermediate that can decarboxylate spontaneously to generate ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Sukovich
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, BioTechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Jennifer L. Seffernick
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, BioTechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Jack E. Richman
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, BioTechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Jeffrey A. Gralnick
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, BioTechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Lawrence P. Wackett
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, BioTechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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16
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Bahl CD, Morisseau C, Bomberger JM, Stanton BA, Hammock BD, O'Toole GA, Madden DR. Crystal structure of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitory factor Cif reveals novel active-site features of an epoxide hydrolase virulence factor. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:1785-95. [PMID: 20118260 PMCID: PMC2838060 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01348-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitory factor (Cif) is a virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that reduces the quantity of CFTR in the apical membrane of human airway epithelial cells. Initial sequence analysis suggested that Cif is an epoxide hydrolase (EH), but its sequence violates two strictly conserved EH motifs and also is compatible with other alpha/beta hydrolase family members with diverse substrate specificities. To investigate the mechanistic basis of Cif activity, we have determined its structure at 1.8-A resolution by X-ray crystallography. The catalytic triad consists of residues Asp129, His297, and Glu153, which are conserved across the family of EHs. At other positions, sequence deviations from canonical EH active-site motifs are stereochemically conservative. Furthermore, detailed enzymatic analysis confirms that Cif catalyzes the hydrolysis of epoxide compounds, with specific activity against both epibromohydrin and cis-stilbene oxide, but with a relatively narrow range of substrate selectivity. Although closely related to two other classes of alpha/beta hydrolase in both sequence and structure, Cif does not exhibit activity as either a haloacetate dehalogenase or a haloalkane dehalogenase. A reassessment of the structural and functional consequences of the H269A mutation suggests that Cif's effect on host-cell CFTR expression requires the hydrolysis of an extended endogenous epoxide substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Bahl
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Bruce A. Stanton
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - George A. O'Toole
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Dean R. Madden
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Rid R, Önder K, Hawranek T, Laimer M, Bauer JW, Holler C, Simon-Nobbe B, Breitenbach M. Isolation and immunological characterization of a novel Cladosporium herbarum allergen structurally homologous to the α/β hydrolase fold superfamily. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1366-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Qu P, Lu H, Yan S, Lu Z. Influences of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants on alkaline-induced intermediate of bovine serum albumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Yu Y, Lutz S. Improved triglyceride transesterification by circular permutedCandida antarcticalipase B. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:44-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Chen B, Cai Z, Wu W, Huang Y, Pleiss J, Lin Z. Morphing activity between structurally similar enzymes: from heme-free bromoperoxidase to lipase. Biochemistry 2009; 48:11496-504. [PMID: 19883129 DOI: 10.1021/bi9014727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, to explore the plasticity of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family, we converted bromoperoxidase A2 (BPO-A2) from Streptomyces aureofaciens to a lipase by structure comparison with lipase A (LipA) from Bacillus subtilis. These two enzymes have similar structures (2.1 A rmsd) and a very low level of sequence identity ( approximately 18%). A variant BL1 was constructed by deleting the caplike domain of BPO-A2 and further fine-tuning the newly formed substrate binding site. The lipase activity was successfully transplanted on BL1, while the halogenation activity was totally lost. BL1 also showed higher hydrolytic activities toward long chain p-nitrophenyl esters, such as p-nitrophenyl caprylate (3.7-fold) and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (7.0-fold), while its activity toward a short chain ester (p-nitrophenyl acetate) decreased dramatically, to only 1.2% of that of BPO-A2. After two rounds of directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis on selected residues, several mutants with both improved hydrolytic activities and substrate preferences toward long chain substrates were obtained. The highest hydrolytic activity toward p-nitrophenyl palmitate of the best mutant BL1-2-E8-plusI was improved by 40-fold compared with that of BL1. These results demonstrate the possibility of manipulating the caplike domain of alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes and provide further understanding of the structure-function relationship of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes. The design strategy used in this study could serve as a useful approach for constructing variants with targeted catalytic properties using the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Garden Road 1, 100084 Beijing, China
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21
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Grosse S, Bergeron H, Imura A, Boyd J, Wang S, Kubota K, Miyadera A, Sulea T, Lau PCK. Nature versus nurture in two highly enantioselective esterases from Bacillus cereus and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. Microb Biotechnol 2009; 3:65-73. [PMID: 21255307 PMCID: PMC3815948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the use of biocatalysis to obtain enantiopure compounds as chiral building blocks for drug synthesis such as antibiotics. The principal findings of this study are: (i) the complete sequenced genomes of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4 contain a hitherto undescribed enantioselective and alkaliphilic esterase (BcEST and TtEST respectively) that is specific for the production of (R)‐2‐benzyloxy‐propionic acid ethyl ester, a key intermediate in the synthesis of levofloxacin, a potent antibiotic; and (ii) directed evolution targeted for increased thermostability of BcEST produced two improved variants, but in either case the 3–5°C increase in the apparent melting temperature (Tm) of the mutants over the native BcEST that has a Tm of 50°C was outperformed by TtEST, a naturally occurring homologue with a Tm of 65°C. Protein modelling of BcEST mapped the S148C and K272R mutations at protein surface and the I88T and Q110L mutations at more buried locations. This work expands the repertoire of characterized members of the α/β‐fold hydrolase superfamily. Further, it shows that genome mining is an economical option for new biocatalyst discovery and we provide a rare example of a naturally occurring thermostable biocatalyst that outperforms experimentally evolved homologues that carry out the same hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Grosse
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
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22
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Damborsky J, Brezovsky J. Computational tools for designing and engineering biocatalysts. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:26-34. [PMID: 19297237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current computational tools to assist experimentalists for the design and engineering of proteins with desired catalytic properties are reviewed. The applications of these tools for de novo design of protein active sites, optimization of substrate access and product exit pathways, redesign of protein-protein interfaces, identification of neutral/advantageous/deleterious mutations in the libraries from directed evolution and stabilization of protein structures are described. Remarkable progress is seen in de novo design of enzymes catalyzing a chemical reaction for which a natural biocatalyst does not exist. Yet, constructed biocatalysts do not match natural enzymes in their efficiency, suggesting that more research is needed to capture all the important features of natural biocatalysts in theoretical designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Damborsky
- Institute of Experimental Biology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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23
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Nam KH, Kim MY, Kim SJ, Priyadarshi A, Kwon ST, Koo BS, Yoon SH, Hwang KY. Structural and functional analysis of a novel hormone-sensitive lipase from a metagenome library. Proteins 2009; 74:1036-40. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Nam KH, Kim MY, Kim SJ, Priyadarshi A, Lee WH, Hwang KY. Structural and functional analysis of a novel EstE5 belonging to the subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 379:553-6. [PMID: 19116143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays an important role in the regulation of rodent fat cell lipolysis. It is regarded as an adipose tissue-specific enzyme whose sole metabolic role is the catalysis of hormone-stimulated lipolysis in mammalian cells. In this report we describe the functional and structural analysis of an EstE5 protein from a soil metagenome library. Function analysis results indicated that EstE5 preferentially hydrolyzes short-chain ester compounds, and our kinetic studies revealed the optimal pH and temperature. Based on the structural analysis, we defined the active site and the binding pocket. Structurally, EstE5 belongs to the HSL family and these structural studies may have applications in the production of value-added products, including pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Nam
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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25
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Wang M, Boddy CN. Examining the Role of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in the Substrate Specificity for the Loading Step of Polyketide Synthase Thioesterase Domains. Biochemistry 2008; 47:11793-803. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800963y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
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26
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Hidalgo A, Schliessmann A, Molina R, Hermoso J, Bornscheuer UT. A one-pot, simple methodology for cassette randomisation and recombination for focused directed evolution. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:567-76. [PMID: 18559369 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering is currently performed either by rational design, focusing in most cases on only a few positions modified by site-directed mutagenesis, or by directed molecular evolution, in which the entire protein-encoding gene is subjected to random mutagenesis followed by screening or selection of desired phenotypes. A novel alternative is focused directed evolution, in which only fragments of a protein are randomised while the overall scaffold of a protein remains unchanged. For this purpose, we developed a PCR technique using long, spiked oligonucleotides, which allow randomising of one or several cassettes in any given position of a gene. This method allows over 95% incorporation of mutations independently of their position within the gene, yielding sufficient product to generate large libraries, and the possibility of simultaneously randomising more than one locus at a time, thus originating recombination. The high efficiency of this method was verified by creating focused mutant libraries of Pseudomonas fluorescens esterase I (PFEI), screening for altered substrate selectivity and validating against libraries created by error-prone PCR. This led to the identification of two mutants within the OSCARR library with a 10-fold higher catalytic efficiency towards p-nitrophenyl dodecanoate. These PFEI variants were also modelled in order to explain the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Hidalgo
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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