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La CC, Smith SA, Kalathottukaren MT, Haynes CA, Morrissey JH, Kizhakkedathu JN. External Trigger Free Charge Switchable Cationic Ligands in the Design of Safe and Effective Universal Heparin Antidote. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400108. [PMID: 38537246 PMCID: PMC11305972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, the formation of blood clots within a blood vessel, can lead to severe complications including pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, and stroke. The most widely administered class of anticoagulants is heparin-based anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin, low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and fondaparinux. Protamine is the only FDA-approved heparin antidote. Protamine has limited efficacy neutralizing LMWHs and no reversal activity against fondaparinux. The use of protamine can lead to complications, including excessive bleeding, hypotension, and hypersensitivity, and has narrow therapeutic window. In this work, a new concept in the design of a universal heparin antidote: switchable protonation of cationic ligands, is presented. A library of macromolecular polyanion inhibitors (MPIs) is synthesized and screened to identify molecules that can neutralize all heparins with high selectivity and reduced toxicity. MPIs are developed by assembling cationic binding groups possessing switchable protonation states onto a polymer scaffold. By strategically selecting the identity and modulating the density of cationic binding groups on the polymer scaffold, a superior universal heparin reversal agent is developed with improved heparin-binding activity and increased hemocompatibility profiles leading to minimal effect on hemostasis. The activity of this heparin antidote is demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel C. La
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manu Thomas Kalathottukaren
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles A. Haynes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James H. Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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2
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Mecca T, Spitaleri F, La Spina R, Gioria S, Giglio V, Cunsolo F. HEMA-Lysine-Based Cryogels for Highly Selective Heparin Neutralization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6503. [PMID: 38928208 PMCID: PMC11203617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and its low-molecular-weight fragments (LMWH) are widely used as anticoagulants for surgical procedures and extracorporeal blood purification therapies such as cardiovascular surgery and dialysis. The anticoagulant effect of heparin is essential for the optimal execution of extracorporeal blood circulation. However, at the end of these procedures, to avoid the risk of bleeding, it is necessary to neutralize it. Currently, the only antidote for heparin neutralization is protamine sulphate, a highly basic protein which constitutes a further source of serious side events and is ineffective in neutralizing LMWH. Furthermore, dialysis patients, due to the routine administration of heparin, often experience serious adverse effects, among which HIT (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) is one of the most severe. For this reason, the finding of new heparin antagonists or alternative methods for heparin removal from blood is of great interest. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a set of biocompatible macroporous cryogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and L-lysine with strong filtering capability and remarkable neutralization performance with regard to UFH and LMWH. These properties could enable the design and creation of a filtering device to rapidly reverse heparin, protecting patients from the harmful consequences of the anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mecca
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | | | - Rita La Spina
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), 2440 Geel, Belgium; (R.L.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), 2440 Geel, Belgium; (R.L.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Giglio
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesca Cunsolo
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (T.M.); (V.G.)
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3
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Foster JS, Balachandran M, Hancock TJ, Martin EB, Macy S, Wooliver C, Richey T, Stuckey A, Williams AD, Jackson JW, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. Development and characterization of a prototypic pan-amyloid clearing agent - a novel murine peptide-immunoglobulin fusion. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275372. [PMID: 37854603 PMCID: PMC10580800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic amyloidosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils and accessory proteins in visceral organs and tissues. Amyloid accumulation causes organ dysfunction and is not generally cleared by the immune system. Current treatment focuses on reducing amyloid precursor protein synthesis and slowing amyloid deposition. However, curative interventions will likely also require removal of preexisting amyloid deposits to restore organ function. Here we describe a prototypic pan-amyloid binding peptide-antibody fusion molecule (mIgp5) that enhances macrophage uptake of amyloid. Methods The murine IgG1-IgG2a hybrid immunoglobulin with a pan amyloid-reactive peptide, p5, fused genetically to the N-terminal of the immunoglobulin light chain was synthesized in HEK293T/17 cells. The binding of the p5 peptide moiety was assayed using synthetic amyloid-like fibrils, human amyloid extracts and amyloid-laden tissues as substrates. Binding of radioiodinated mIgp5 with amyloid deposits in vivo was evaluated in a murine model of AA amyloidosis using small animal imaging and microautoradiography. The bioactivity of mIgp5 was assessed in complement fixation and in vitro phagocytosis assays in the presence of patient-derived amyloid extracts and synthetic amyloid fibrils as substrates and in the presence or absence of human serum. Results Murine Igp5 exhibited highly potent binding to AL and ATTR amyloid extracts and diverse types of amyloid in formalin-fixed tissue sections. In the murine model of systemic AA amyloidosis, 125I-mIgp5 bound rapidly and specifically to amyloid deposits in all organs, including the heart, with no evidence of non-specific uptake in healthy tissues. The bioactivity of the immunoglobulin Fc domain was uncompromised in the context of mIgp5 and served as an effective opsonin. Macrophage-mediated uptake of amyloid extract and purified amyloid fibrils was enhanced by the addition of mIgp5. This effect was exaggerated in the presence of human serum coincident with deposition of complement C5b9. Conclusion Immunostimulatory, amyloid-clearing therapeutics can be developed by incorporating pan-amyloid-reactive peptides, such as p5, as a targeting moiety. The immunologic functionality of the IgG remains intact in the context of the fusion protein. These data highlight the potential use of peptide-antibody fusions as therapeutics for all types of systemic amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
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4
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Martin EB, Donnell R, Richey T, Stuckey A, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. Discrete binding patterns of two heparin-reactive proteins, basic fibroblast growth factor and peptide p5R, in amyloid-laden and healthy mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:136-141. [PMID: 33744761 PMCID: PMC8035312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptide p5R is a synthetic, polybasic, heparin-binding peptide that preferentially reacts with amyloid deposits in vivo and in tissue sections. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF1) similarly interacts with heparin-like molecules, notably heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces. The aim of this study was to compare the biodistribution of p5R and bFGF in healthy mice as well as those with systemic inflammation-associated amyloidosis (AA), which contains HSPG, by using SPECT/CT imaging, tissue biodistribution measurements and micro-autoradiography. Although both proteins are known to bind heparan sulfate, their biodistribution was remarkably different in the healthy and diseased animals. Imaging revealed uptake of both radiolabeled proteins in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of mice with amyloidosis; however, 125I-bFGF, but not 125I-p5R, was observed in normal tissue at sites of HSPG expression, including the hepatic and splenic sinusoids and renal glomerulae. Microautoradiography demonstrated that while p5R bound exclusively to amyloid deposits in the spleen and liver of AA mice, bFGF had a broader binding pattern. Consequently, even though bFGF and p5R both interact with heparan sulfate moieties, p5R binding was restricted to HSPG in amyloid deposits and did not bind HSPG in healthy tissues, whereas bFGF preferentially reacted with HSPG in normal tissue. The data suggest that peptide p5R selectively binds HSPG in amyloid and that the HSPG in healthy tissue, recognized by bFGF, is not targeted by the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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5
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Yamada K, Oikawa T, Kizawa R, Motohashi S, Yoshida S, Kumamoto T, Saeki C, Nakagawa C, Shimoyama Y, Aoki K, Tachibana T, Saruta M, Ono M, Yoshida K. Unconventional Secretion of PKCδ Exerts Tumorigenic Function via Stimulation of ERK1/2 Signaling in Liver Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 81:414-425. [PMID: 33318039 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expression of human protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) protein has been linked to many types of cancers. PKCδ is known to be a multifunctional PKC family member and has been rigorously studied as an intracellular signaling molecule. Here we show that PKCδ is a secretory protein that regulates cell growth of liver cancer. Full-length PKCδ was secreted to the extracellular space in living liver cancer cells under normal cell culture conditions and in xenograft mouse models. Patients with liver cancer showed higher levels of serum PKCδ than patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis or healthy individuals. In liver cancer cells, PKCδ secretion was executed in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-independent manner, and the inactivation status of cytosolic PKCδ was required for its secretion. Furthermore, colocalization studies showed that extracellular PKCδ was anchored on the cell surface of liver cancer cells via association with glypican 3, a liver cancer-related heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Addition of exogenous PKCδ activated IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) activation and subsequently enhanced activation of ERK1/2, which led to accelerated cell growth in liver cancer cells. Conversely, treatment with anti-PKCδ antibody attenuated activation of both IGF1R and ERK1/2 and reduced cell proliferation and spheroid formation of liver cancer cells and tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. This study demonstrates the presence of PKCδ at the extracellular space and the function of PKCδ as a growth factor and provides a rationale for the extracellular PKCδ-targeting therapy of liver cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: PKCδ secretion from liver cancer cells behaves as a humoral growth factor that contributes to cell growth via activation of proliferative signaling molecules, which may be potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saya Motohashi
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Kumamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Shimoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tachibana
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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La CC, Takeuchi LE, Abbina S, Vappala S, Abbasi U, Kizhakkedathu JN. Targeting Biological Polyanions in Blood: Strategies toward the Design of Therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2595-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Wall JS, Williams A, Richey T, Stuckey A, Wooliver C, Christopher Scott J, Donnell R, Martin EB, Kennel SJ. Specific Amyloid Binding of Polybasic Peptides In Vivo Is Retained by β-Sheet Conformers but Lost in the Disrupted Coil and All D-Amino Acid Variants. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:714-722. [PMID: 28229334 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heparin-reactive, helical peptide p5 is an effective amyloid imaging agent in mice with systemic amyloidosis. Analogs of p5 with modified secondary structure characteristics exhibited altered binding to heparin, synthetic amyloid fibrils, and amyloid extracts in vitro. Herein, we further study the effects of peptide helicity and chirality on specific amyloid binding using a mouse model of systemic inflammation-associated (AA) amyloidosis. PROCEDURES Peptides with disrupted helical structure [p5(coil) and p5(Pro3)], with an extended sheet conformation [p5(sheet)] or an all-D enantiomer [p5(D)], were chemically synthesized, radioiodinated, and their biodistribution studied in WT mice as well as transgenic animals with severe systemic AA amyloidosis. Peptide binding was assessed qualitatively by using small animal single-photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography imaging and microautoradiography and quantitatively using tissue counting. RESULTS Peptides with reduced helical propensity, p5(coil) and p5(Pro3), exhibited significantly reduced binding to AA amyloid-laden organs. In contrast, peptide p5(D) was retained by non-amyloid-related ligands in the liver and kidneys of both WT and AA mice, but it also bound AA amyloid in the spleen. The p5(sheet) peptide specifically bound AA amyloid in vivo and was not retained by healthy tissues in WT animals. CONCLUSIONS Modification of amyloid-targeting peptides using D-amino acids should be performed cautiously due to the introduction of unexpected secondary pharmacologic effects. Peptides that adopt a helical structure, to align charged amino acid side chains along one face, exhibit specific reactivity with amyloid; however, polybasic peptides with a propensity for β-sheet conformation are also amyloid-reactive and may yield a novel class of amyloid-targeting agents for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA. .,Departments of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA.
| | - Angela Williams
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Tina Richey
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Departments of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - J Christopher Scott
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Emily B Martin
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
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8
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Choi JM, Bourassa V, Hong K, Shoga M, Lim EY, Park A, Apaydin K, Udit AK. Polyvalent Hybrid Virus-Like Nanoparticles with Displayed Heparin Antagonist Peptides. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2997-3004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Valerie Bourassa
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Michael Shoga
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Elizabeth Y. Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Andrew Park
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kazim Apaydin
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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9
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Cheong HY, Groner M, Hong K, Lynch B, Hollingsworth WR, Polonskaya Z, Rhee JK, Baksh MM, Finn MG, Gale AJ, Udit AK. Heparin Binding to an Engineered Virus-like Nanoparticle Antagonist. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4113-4120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Myles Groner
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Brennen Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | | | - Zinaida Polonskaya
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department
of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seou 03760, Korea
| | - Michael M. Baksh
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gale
- Department
of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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10
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Wall JS, Williams A, Wooliver C, Martin EB, Cheng X, Heidel RE, Kennel SJ. Secondary structure propensity and chirality of the amyloidophilic peptide p5 and its analogues impacts ligand binding - In vitro characterization. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:89-99. [PMID: 28345062 PMCID: PMC5363963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybasic helical peptides, such as peptide p5, bind human amyloid extracts and synthetic amyloid fibrils. When radiolabeled, peptide p5 has been shown to specifically bind amyloid in vivo thereby allowing imaging of the disease. Structural requirements for heparin and amyloid binding have been studied using analogs of p5 that modify helicity and chirality. METHODS Peptide-ligand interactions were studied using CD spectroscopy and solution-phase binding assays with radiolabeled p5 analogs. The interaction of a subset of peptides was further studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS Disruption of the peptide helical structure reduced peptide binding to heparin and human amyloid extracts. The all-D enantiomer and the β-sheet-structured peptide bound all substrates as well as, or better than, p5. The interaction of helical and β-sheet structured peptides with Aβ fibrils was modeled and shown to involve both ionic and non-ionic interactions. CONCLUSIONS The α-helical secondary structure of peptide p5 is important for heparin and amyloid binding; however, helicity is not an absolute requirement as evidenced by the superior reactivity of a β-sheet peptide. The differential binding of the peptides with heparin and amyloid fibrils suggests that these molecular interactions are different. The all-D enantiomer of p5 and the β-sheet peptide are candidates for amyloid targeting reagents in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Efficient binding of polybasic peptides with amyloid is dependent on the linearity of charge spacing in the context of an α-helical secondary structure. Peptides with an α-helix or β-sheet propensity and with similar alignment of basic residues is optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Wall
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Departments of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Angela Williams
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Emily B. Martin
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - R. Eric Heidel
- Departments of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Departments of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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11
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Comparative evaluation of p5+14 with SAP and peptide p5 by dual-energy SPECT imaging of mice with AA amyloidosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22695. [PMID: 26936002 PMCID: PMC4776142 DOI: 10.1038/srep22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a protein-misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid, a complex matrix composed of protein fibrils, hyper-sulphated glycosaminoglycans and serum amyloid P component (SAP). Accumulation of amyloid in visceral organs results in the destruction of tissue architecture leading to organ dysfunction and failure. Early differential diagnosis and disease monitoring are critical for improving patient outcomes; thus, whole body amyloid imaging would be beneficial in this regard. Non-invasive molecular imaging of systemic amyloid is performed in Europe by using iodine-123-labelled SAP; however, this tracer is not available in the US. Therefore, we evaluated synthetic, poly-basic peptides, designated p5 and p5+14, as alternative radiotracers for detecting systemic amyloidosis. Herein, we perform a comparative effectiveness evaluation of radiolabelled peptide p5+14 with p5 and SAP, in amyloid-laden mice, using dual-energy SPECT imaging and tissue biodistribution measurements. All three radiotracers selectively bound amyloid in vivo; however, p5+14 was significantly more effective as compared to p5 in certain organs. Moreover, SAP bound principally to hepatosplenic amyloid, whereas p5+14 was broadly distributed in numerous amyloid-laden anatomic sites, including the spleen, liver, pancreas, intestines and heart. These data support clinical validation of p5+14 as an amyloid radiotracer for patients in the US.
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12
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Kennel SJ, Williams A, Stuckey A, Richey T, Wooliver C, Chazin W, Stern DA, Martin EB, Wall JS. The pattern recognition reagents RAGE VC1 and peptide p5 share common binding sites and exhibit specific reactivity with AA amyloid in mice. Amyloid 2016; 23:8-16. [PMID: 26701064 PMCID: PMC4832564 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the US, there remains a need to develop a clinical method for imaging amyloid load in patients with systemic, visceral amyloidosis. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which exists as a transmembrane receptor and soluble variant, is found associated with a number of amyloid deposits in man. It is unclear whether amyloid-associated RAGE is the membrane or soluble form; however, given the affinity of RAGE for amyloid, we have examined the ability of soluble RAGE VC1 to specifically localize with systemic AA amyloid in mice. We further compared the reactivity of RAGE VC1 with that of the synthetic, amyloid-reactive peptide p5. METHODS Binding of radiolabeled RAGE VC1 and p5 to synthetic amyloid fibrils was evaluated using in vitro "pulldown" assays in the presence or absence of RAGE ligands. Radioiodinated RAGE VC1 and technetium-99 m-labeled p5 were studied in mice with systemic AA amyloidosis using dual-energy SPECT/CT imaging, biodistribution and microautoradiography. RESULTS Soluble RAGE VC1 competed with radioiodinated peptide p5 for binding to rVλ6Wil, Aβ (1-40) and IAPP fibrils but not with the higher affinity peptide, p5R. Pre-incubation with AGE-BSA abrogated binding of VC1 and p5 to rVλ6Wil fibrils. Dual-energy SPECT/CT images and quantitative tissue biodistribution data showed that soluble RAGE VC1 specifically bound AA amyloid-laden organs in mice as effectively as peptide p5. Furthermore, microautoradiography confirmed that RAGE VC1 bound specifically to areas of Congo red-positive amyloid in mouse tissues but not in comparable tissues from control WT mice. CONCLUSION Soluble RAGE VC1 and peptide p5 have similar ligand binding properties and specifically localize with visceral AA amyloid deposits in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kennel
- a Department of Medicine and.,b Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | | | - Alan Stuckey
- b Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | | | | | - Walter Chazin
- c Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry , Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA , and
| | - David A Stern
- d Department of Medicine , University of Tennessee School of Medicine , Memphis , TN , USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Wall
- a Department of Medicine and.,b Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
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13
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Cell-penetrating compounds preferentially bind glycosaminoglycans over plasma membrane lipids in a charge density- and stereochemistry-dependent manner. Biophys Chem 2015; 207:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Yang J, Tsutsumi H, Furuta T, Sakurai M, Mihara H. Interaction of amphiphilic α-helical cell-penetrating peptides with heparan sulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4673-81. [PMID: 24867193 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are able to be taken up by cells and can deliver macromolecular cargos. However, the mechanism of this internalization is not yet fully understood. Recent theories suggest that the binding of cationic CPPs to negatively charged extracellular glycosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulfate (HS), is a possible mechanism of cellular uptake (CU). Our group has screened the CU activities of 54 systematically designed amphiphilic α-helical peptides in HeLa cells. Notably, a mutation in even a single residue significantly alters the CU ability of a peptide. To determine the structure-CU activity relationship of CPPs, four peptides, which contain a difference in one or two amino acids (i.e., Arg/Glu and Ala/Phe), were chosen from our CPP library to examine their interactions with HS. Fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the HS-binding affinities and HS-clustering abilities of the four CPPs correlated well with their CU activities in HeLa and A549 cells. The heat capacities of the CPPs, determined using ITC and binding free energy decomposition analyses in molecular dynamics simulations, revealed that electrostatic interactions were more dominant in the HS-binding processes of Arg-containing peptides in comparison to Glu-containing peptides, whereas hydrophobic contributions were the primary mode of interaction of Phe-containing peptides in comparison to Ala-containing peptides. Furthermore, it was implied that hydrophobic interactions may be more favourable than electrostatic interactions during the CU process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259 B-40, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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15
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Dogra P, Martin EB, Williams A, Richardson RL, Foster JS, Hackenback N, Kennel SJ, Sparer TE, Wall JS. Novel heparan sulfate-binding peptides for blocking herpesvirus entry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126239. [PMID: 25992785 PMCID: PMC4436313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can lead to congenital hearing loss and mental retardation. Upon immune suppression, reactivation of latent HCMV or primary infection increases morbidity in cancer, transplantation, and late stage AIDS patients. Current treatments include nucleoside analogues, which have significant toxicities limiting their usefulness. In this study we screened a panel of synthetic heparin-binding peptides for their ability to prevent CMV infection in vitro. A peptide designated, p5+14 exhibited ~ 90% reduction in murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Because negatively charged, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), serve as the attachment receptor during the adsorption phase of the CMV infection cycle, we hypothesized that p5+14 effectively competes for CMV adsorption to the cell surface resulting in the reduction in infection. Positively charged Lys residues were required for peptide binding to cell-surface HSPGs and reducing viral infection. We show that this inhibition was not due to a direct neutralizing effect on the virus itself and that the peptide blocked adsorption of the virus. The peptide also inhibited infection of other herpesviruses: HCMV and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in vitro, demonstrating it has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Therefore, this peptide may offer an adjunct therapy for the treatment of herpes viral infections and other viruses that use HSPGs for entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Martin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Raphael L. Richardson
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James S. Foster
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hackenback
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tim E. Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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16
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Wall JS, Martin EB, Richey T, Stuckey AC, Macy S, Wooliver C, Williams A, Foster JS, McWilliams-Koeppen P, Uberbacher E, Cheng X, Kennel SJ. Preclinical Validation of the Heparin-Reactive Peptide p5+14 as a Molecular Imaging Agent for Visceral Amyloidosis. Molecules 2015; 20:7657-82. [PMID: 25923515 PMCID: PMC4442108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid is a complex pathologic matrix comprised principally of paracrystalline protein fibrils and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Systemic amyloid diseases are rare, thus, routine diagnosis is often challenging. The glycosaminoglycans ubiquitously present in amyloid deposits are biochemically and electrochemically distinct from those found in the healthy tissues due to the high degree of sulfation. We have exploited this unique property and evaluated heparin-reactive peptides, such as p5+14, as novel agents for specifically targeting and imaging amyloid. Herein, we demonstrate that radiolabeled p5+14 effectively bound murine AA amyloid in vivo by using molecular imaging. Biotinylated peptide also reacted with the major forms of human amyloid in tissue sections as evidenced immunohistochemically. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the peptide also binds synthetic amyloid fibrils that lack glycosaminoglycans implying that the dense anionic motif present on heparin is mimicked by the amyloid protein fibril itself. These biochemical and functional data support the translation of radiolabeled peptide p5+14 for the clinical imaging of amyloid in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Alan C Stuckey
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - James S Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Penney McWilliams-Koeppen
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Ed Uberbacher
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
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17
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Heparin/Heparan sulfate proteoglycans glycomic interactome in angiogenesis: biological implications and therapeutical use. Molecules 2015; 20:6342-88. [PMID: 25867824 PMCID: PMC6272510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessel from pre-existing ones, is involved in various intertwined pathological processes including virus infection, inflammation and oncogenesis, making it a promising target for the development of novel strategies for various interventions. To induce angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) must interact with pro-angiogenic receptors to induce proliferation, protease production and migration of endothelial cells (ECs). The action of AGFs is counteracted by antiangiogenic modulators whose main mechanism of action is to bind (thus sequestering or masking) AGFs or their receptors. Many sugars, either free or associated to proteins, are involved in these interactions, thus exerting a tight regulation of the neovascularization process. Heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans undoubtedly play a pivotal role in this context since they bind to almost all the known AGFs, to several pro-angiogenic receptors and even to angiogenic inhibitors, originating an intricate network of interaction, the so called "angiogenesis glycomic interactome". The decoding of the angiogenesis glycomic interactome, achievable by a systematic study of the interactions occurring among angiogenic modulators and sugars, may help to design novel antiangiogenic therapies with implications in the cure of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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18
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Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are major regulatory proteins that can govern cell fate, migration, and organization. Numerous aspects of the cell milieu can modulate cell responses to GFs, and GF regulation is often achieved by the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For example, the ECM can sequester GFs and thereby control GF bioavailability. In addition, GFs can exert distinct effects depending on whether they are sequestered in solution, at two-dimensional interfaces, or within three-dimensional matrices. Understanding how the context of GF sequestering impacts cell function in the native ECM can instruct the design of soluble or insoluble GF sequestering moieties, which can then be used in a variety of bioengineering applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of the natural mechanisms of GF sequestering in the cell milieu, and reviews the recent bioengineering approaches that have sequestered GFs to modulate cell function. Results to date demonstrate that the cell response to GF sequestering depends on the affinity of the sequestering interaction, the spatial proximity of sequestering in relation to cells, the source of the GF (supplemented or endogenous), and the phase of the sequestering moiety (soluble or insoluble). We highlight the importance of context for the future design of biomaterials that can leverage endogenous molecules in the cell milieu and mitigate the need for supplemented factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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19
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Martin EB, Kennel SJ, Richey T, Wooliver C, Osborne D, Williams A, Stuckey A, Wall JS. Dynamic PET and SPECT imaging with radioiodinated, amyloid-reactive peptide p5 in mice: a positive role for peptide dehalogenation. Peptides 2014; 60:63-70. [PMID: 25102446 PMCID: PMC4169731 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular imaging provides bio-kinetic data that is used to characterize novel radiolabeled tracers for the detection of disease. Amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding disease that can affect many organs. It is characterized by extracellular deposits composed principally of fibrillar proteins and hypersulfated proteoglycans. We have previously described a peptide, p5, which binds preferentially to amyloid deposits in a murine model of reactive (AA) amyloidosis. We have determined the whole body distribution of amyloid by molecular imaging techniques using radioiodinated p5. The loss of radioiodide from imaging probes due to enzymatic reaction has plagued the use of radioiodinated peptides and antibodies. Therefore, we studied iodine-124-labeled p5 by using dynamic PET imaging of both amyloid-laden and healthy mice to assess the rates of amyloid binding, the relevance of dehalogenation and the fate of the radiolabeled peptide. Rates of blood pool clearance, tissue accumulation and dehalogenation of the peptide were estimated from the images. Comparisons of these properties between the amyloid-laden and healthy mice provided kinetic profiles whose differences may prove to be indicative of the disease state. Additionally, we performed longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging with iodine-125-labeled p5 up to 72h post injection to determine the stability of the radioiodinated peptide when bound to the extracellular amyloid. Our data show that amyloid-associated peptide, in contrast to the unbound peptide, is resistant to dehalogenation resulting in enhanced amyloid-specific imaging. These data further support the utility of this peptide for detecting amyloidosis and monitoring potential therapeutic strategies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Dustin Osborne
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
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20
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Fret Studies of Conformational Changes in Heparin-Binding Peptides. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:885-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Miller T, Goude MC, McDevitt TC, Temenoff JS. Molecular engineering of glycosaminoglycan chemistry for biomolecule delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1705-19. [PMID: 24121191 PMCID: PMC3960340 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides that interact with a variety of positively charged growth factors. In this review article the effects of engineering GAG chemistry for molecular delivery applications in regenerative medicine are presented. Three major areas of focus at the structure-function-property interface are discussed: (1) macromolecular properties of GAGs; (2) effects of chemical modifications on protein binding; (3) degradation mechanisms of GAGs. GAG-protein interactions can be based on: (1) GAG sulfation pattern; (2) GAG carbohydrate conformation; (3) GAG polyelectrolyte behavior. Chemical modifications of GAGs, which are commonly performed to engineer molecular delivery systems, affect protein binding and are highly dependent on the site of modification on the GAG molecules. The rate and mode of degradation can determine the release of molecules as well as the length of GAG fragments to which the cargo is electrostatically coupled and eventually released from the delivery system. Overall, GAG-based polymers are a versatile biomaterial platform offering novel means to engineer molecular delivery systems with a high degree of control in order to better treat a range of degenerated or injured tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Miller
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Melissa C Goude
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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22
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Wall JS, Williams A, Richey T, Stuckey A, Huang Y, Wooliver C, Macy S, Heidel E, Gupta N, Lee A, Rader B, Martin EB, Kennel SJ. A binding-site barrier affects imaging efficiency of high affinity amyloid-reactive peptide radiotracers in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66181. [PMID: 23750281 PMCID: PMC3672142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid is a complex pathology associated with a growing number of diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and myeloma. The distribution and extent of amyloid deposition in body organs establishes the prognosis and can define treatment options; therefore, determining the amyloid load by using non-invasive molecular imaging is clinically important. We have identified a heparin-binding peptide designated p5 that, when radioiodinated, was capable of selectively imaging systemic visceral AA amyloidosis in a murine model of the disease. The p5 peptide was posited to bind effectively to amyloid deposits, relative to similarly charged polybasic heparin-reactive peptides, because it adopted a polar α helix secondary structure. We have now synthesized a variant, p5R, in which the 8 lysine amino acids of p5 have been replaced with arginine residues predisposing the peptide toward the α helical conformation in an effort to enhance the reactivity of the peptide with the amyloid substrate. The p5R peptide had higher affinity for amyloid and visualized AA amyloid in mice by using SPECT/CT imaging; however, the microdistribution, as evidenced in micro-autoradiographs, was dramatically altered relative to the p5 peptide due to its increased affinity and a resultant “binding site barrier” effect. These data suggest that radioiodinated peptide p5R may be optimal for the in vivo detection of discreet, perivascular amyloid, as found in the brain and pancreatic vasculature, by using molecular imaging techniques; however, peptide p5, due to its increased penetration, may yield more quantitative imaging of expansive tissue amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
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23
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Verdurmen WPR, Wallbrecher R, Schmidt S, Eilander J, Bovee-Geurts P, Fanghänel S, Bürck J, Wadhwani P, Ulrich AS, Brock R. Cell surface clustering of heparan sulfate proteoglycans by amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides does not contribute to uptake. J Control Release 2013; 170:83-91. [PMID: 23669260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), an association with heparan sulfate (HS) chains is considered the first step in the stimulation of uptake for many cells. Much less is known about the role of HS chains in the cell-association and internalization of arginine-free amphipathic CPP such as transportan-10 (TP10). Here, we report that various TP10 analogs differ in their capacity to accumulate on HS-rich plasma membranes in an HS-dependent manner. No accumulation was observed on HS-poor plasma membranes or when HS was removed by enzymatic cleavage. The TP10 analog that strongly clustered on the cell surface, also showed a pronounced capacity to form clusters with HS chains in solution. However, aggregation occurred in a thermodynamically different way compared to the interaction of arginine-rich CPP with HS. To monitor the impact of the peptide on the aggregation of the glycocalyx by time-lapse microscopy, sialic acids were visualized by metabolic labeling using copper-free click chemistry to attach fluorophores to metabolically incorporated azido sugars. Strikingly, a highly enhanced HS-mediated accumulation on the plasma membrane of a particular TP10 analog did not correlate with a better uptake. These findings illustrate that the mode of interaction between cell-penetrating peptides and HS chains has important functional consequences regarding peptide internalization and that there is no direct coupling of interaction, accumulation and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Post 286, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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24
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Wieduwild R, Tsurkan M, Chwalek K, Murawala P, Nowak M, Freudenberg U, Neinhuis C, Werner C, Zhang Y. Minimal Peptide Motif for Non-covalent Peptide–Heparin Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2919-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail Tsurkan
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Nowak
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg
20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Lebrun P, Raze D, Fritzinger B, Wieruszeski JM, Biet F, Dose A, Carpentier M, Schwarzer D, Allain F, Lippens G, Locht C. Differential contribution of the repeats to heparin binding of HBHA, a major adhesin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32421. [PMID: 22403657 PMCID: PMC3293801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis remains one of the most important causes of global mortality and morbidity, and the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis are still incompletely understood. Only few virulence factors of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis are known. One of them is the heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA), an important adhesin for epithelial cells and an extrapulmonary dissemination factor. HBHA mediates mycobacterial adherence to epithelial cells via the interactions of its C-terminal, lysine rich repeat domain with sulfated glycoconjugates on the surface of epithelial cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using defined heparin sulfate (HS) analogs, we determined the minimal heparin fragment length for HBHA binding and structural adaptations of the HBHA heparin-binding domain (HBD) upon binding to heparin. The NMR studies show significant shifts of all residues in the HBD upon interaction with heparin, with stronger shifts in the last repeats compared to the upstream repeats, and indicated that the HS fragments with 14 sugar units cover the entire C-terminal lysine-rich domain of HBHA. The differential implication of the repeats is determined by the relative position of prolines and lysines within each repeat, and may contribute to binding specificity. GAG binding induces a non-homogeneous structural rearrangement in the HBD, with stabilization of a nascent α-helix only in the last penta-repeats. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Mycobacterial HBHA undergoes structural adaptation upon interaction with GAGs, which is likely involved in binding specificities of the adhesin, and mycobacterial pathogens may use HBD polymorphisms for host or organ specificity. Further studies will aim at decoding the complementarity between HBD repeats and HS sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lebrun
- INSERM U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Raze
- INSERM U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Bernd Fritzinger
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576 Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-Michel Wieruszeski
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576 Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Franck Biet
- UR1282, Infectiologie Animale, Sante' Publique (IASP-311), INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alexander Dose
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Carpentier
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576 Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576 Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Guy Lippens
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576 Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Camille Locht
- INSERM U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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In vivo molecular imaging of peripheral amyloidosis using heparin-binding peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:E586-94. [PMID: 21807994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103247108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitous components of pathologic amyloid deposits in the organs of patients with disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or systemic light chain (AL) or reactive (AA) amyloidosis. Molecular imaging methods for early detection are limited and generally unavailable outside the United Kingdom. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, specific amyloidophilic radiotracers for imaging to assist in diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring response to therapy. Amyloid-associated HSPG can be differentiated from HSPG found in surrounding healthy cells and tissues by the preferential binding of certain HS-reactive single chain variable fragments and therefore, represents a biomarker that can be targeted specifically with appropriate reagents. Using a murine model of AA amyloidosis, we have examined the in vivo amyloid reactivity of seven heparin-binding peptides by using single photon emission and X-ray computed tomographic imaging, microautoradiography, and tissue biodistribution measurements. All of the peptides bound amyloid deposits within 1 h post-injection, but the extent of the reactivity differed widely, which was evidenced by image quality and grain density in autoradiographs. One radiolabeled peptide bound specifically to murine AA amyloid in the liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, heart, and pancreas with such avidity that it was observed in single photon emission tomography images as late as 24 h post-injection. In addition, a biotinylated form of this peptide was shown histochemically to bind human AA, ALκ, ALλ, transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), and Aβ amyloid deposits in tissue sections. These basic heparin-binding peptides recognize murine and human amyloid deposits in both in vivo and ex vivo tissues and therefore, have potential as radiotracers for the noninvasive molecular imaging of amyloid deposits in situ.
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Davis BW, Niamnont N, Dillon R, Bardeen CJ, Sukwattanasinitt M, Cheng Q. FRET detection of proteins using fluorescently doped electrospun nanofibers and pattern recognition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6401-8. [PMID: 21491867 DOI: 10.1021/la2006925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the fabrication of solid-state nanofiber sensor arrays and their use for detection of multiple proteins using principal component analysis (PCA). Four cationic and anionic fluorescently embedded nanofibers are generated by an electrospinning method, yielding unique patterns of fluorescence change upon interaction with protein samples. Five metal and nonmetal containing proteins, i.e., hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c, BSA, and avidin, have been investigated; and the results show that distinct fluorescent patterns can be formed upon the addition of protein samples to the array of solid nanofiber substrates, allowing their unambiguous identification. The nanofiber films are highly repeatable with a batch-to-batch variation of approximately 5% and demonstrated outstanding reusability with less than a 15% loss of fluorescence intensity signal after 5 regenerations of test cycles. For a more practical visualization, a cluster map was generated using PCA of the change-in-fluorescence (ΔI) composite patterns, demonstrating the potential of the method for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce W Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Rullo A, Qian J, Nitz M. Peptide-glycosaminoglycan cluster formation involving cell penetrating peptides. Biopolymers 2011; 95:722-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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King WJ, Murphy WL. Bioinspired conformational changes: an adaptable mechanism for bio-responsive protein delivery. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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