1
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Jacob O, Stefaniak EA, Seghers J, La Spina R, Schirinzi GF, Chatzipanagis K, Held A, Emteborg H, Koeber R, Elsner M, Ivleva NP. Towards a reference material for microplastics' number concentration-case study of PET in water using Raman microspectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3045-3058. [PMID: 38546794 PMCID: PMC11045626 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Increasing demand for size-resolved identification and quantification of microplastic particles in drinking water and environmental samples requires the adequate validation of methods and techniques that can be used for this purpose. In turn, the feasibility of such validation depends on the existence of suitable certified reference materials (CRM). A new candidate reference material (RM), consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles and a water matrix, has been developed. Here, we examine its suitability with respect to a homogeneous and stable microplastic particle number concentration across its individual units. A measurement series employing tailor-made software for automated counting and analysis of particles (TUM-ParticleTyper 2) coupled with Raman microspectroscopy showed evidence of the candidate RM homogeneity with a relative standard deviation of 12% of PET particle counts involving particle sizes >30 µm. Both the total particle count and the respective sums within distinct size classes were comparable in all selected candidate RM units. We demonstrate the feasibility of production of a reference material that is sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to the particle number concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Jacob
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - John Seghers
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Rita La Spina
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), Geel, Belgium
| | | | | | - Andrea Held
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Håkan Emteborg
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Robert Koeber
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission (EC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Raboni S, Fumagalli F, Ceccone G, La Spina R, Ponti J, Mehn D, Guerrini G, Bettati S, Mozzarelli A, D'Acunto M, Presciuttini G, Cristallini C, Gabellieri E, Cioni P. Conjugation to gold nanoparticles of methionine gamma-lyase, a cancer-starving enzyme. Physicochemical characterization of the nanocomplex for prospective nanomedicine applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123882. [PMID: 38342324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The pyridoxal 5'-dependent enzyme methionine γ-lyase (MGL) catalyzes the degradation of methionine. This activity has been profitable to develop an antitumor agent exploiting the strict dependence of most malignant cells on the availability of methionine. Indeed, methionine depletion blocks tumor proliferation and leads to an increased susceptibility to anticancer drugs. Here, we explore the conjugation of MGL to gold nanoparticles capped with citrate (AuNPs) as a novel strategy to deliver MGL to cancer cells. Measurements of Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Circular Dichroism allowed to achieve an extensive biophysical and biochemical characterization of the MGL-AuNP complex including particle size, size distribution, MGL loading yield, enzymatic activity, and impact of gold surface on protein structure. Noticeably, we found that activity retention was improved over time for the enzyme adsorbed to AuNPs with respect to the enzyme free in solution. The acquired body of knowledge on the nanocomplex properties and this encouraging stabilizing effect upon conjugation are the necessary basis for further studies aimed at the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of MGL-AuNP complex in a biological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Raboni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, IBF Pisa - CNR, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fumagalli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Guerrini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, IBF Pisa - CNR, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, IBF Pisa - CNR, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mario D'Acunto
- Institute of Biophysics, IBF Pisa - CNR, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Cristallini
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF Pisa - CNR, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, IBF Pisa - CNR, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, IBF Pisa - CNR, via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Zingaro F, Gianoncelli A, Ceccone G, Birarda G, Cassano D, La Spina R, Agostinis C, Bonanni V, Ricci G, Pascolo L. Morphological and lipid metabolism alterations in macrophages exposed to model environmental nanoplastics traced by high-resolution synchrotron techniques. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247747. [PMID: 37744340 PMCID: PMC10515218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment is a significant health concern for long-term exposed humans. Although their usage has certainly revolutionized several application fields, at nanometer size, NPs can easily interact at the cellular level, resulting in potential harmful effects. Micro/Nanoplastics (M/NPs) have a demonstrated impact on mammalian endocrine components, such as the thyroid, adrenal gland, testes, and ovaries, while more investigations on prenatal and postnatal exposure are urgently required. The number of literature studies on the NPs' presence in biological samples is increasing. However, only a few offer a close study on the model environmental NP-immune system interaction exploited by advanced microscopy techniques. The present study highlights substantial morphological and lipid metabolism alterations in human M1 macrophages exposed to labeled polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride nanoparticles (PP and PVC NPs) (20 μg/ml). The results are interpreted by advanced microscopy techniques combined with standard laboratory tests and fluorescence microscopy. We report the accurate detection of polymeric nanoparticles doped with cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe-QDs NPs) by following the Se (L line) X-ray fluorescence emission peak at higher sub-cellular resolution, compared to the supportive light fluorescence microscopy. In addition, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) imaging successfully revealed morphological changes in NP-exposed macrophages, providing input for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, which underlined the chemical modifications in macromolecular components, specifically in lipid response. The present evidence was confirmed by quantifying the lipid droplet (LD) contents in PP and PVC NPs-exposed macrophages (0-100 μg/ml) by Oil Red O staining. Hence, even at experimental NPs' concentrations and incubation time, they do not significantly affect cell viability; they cause an evident lipid metabolism impairment, a hallmark of phagocytosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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4
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Lipsa D, Magrì D, Della Camera G, La Spina R, Cella C, Garmendia-Aguirre I, Mehn D, Ruiz-Moreno A, Fumagalli F, Calzolai L, Gioria S. Differences in Physico-Chemical Properties and Immunological Response in Nanosimilar Complex Drugs: The Case of Liposomal Doxorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13612. [PMID: 37686418 PMCID: PMC10487543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the impact of physicochemical properties on the behaviour of nanopharmaceuticals and how much carrier structure and physiochemical characteristics weigh on the effects of a formulation. For this purpose, two commercially available nanosimilar formulations of Doxil and their respective carriers were compared as a case study. Although the two formulations were "similar", we detected different toxicological effects (profiles) in terms of in vitro toxicity and immunological responses at the level of cytokines release and complement activation (iC3b fragment), that could be correlated with the differences in the physicochemical properties of the formulations. Shedding light on nanosimilar key quality attributes of liposome-based materials and the need for an accurate characterization, including investigation of the immunological effects, is of fundamental importance considering their great potential as delivery system for drugs, genes, or vaccines and the growing market demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorelia Lipsa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Davide Magrì
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Giacomo Della Camera
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Claudia Cella
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Irantzu Garmendia-Aguirre
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Ana Ruiz-Moreno
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Francesco Fumagalli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.L.); (D.M.); (G.D.C.); (R.L.S.); (C.C.); (I.G.-A.); (D.M.); (A.R.-M.); (F.F.); (L.C.)
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5
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Cassano D, Bogni A, La Spina R, Gilliland D, Ponti J. Investigating the Cellular Uptake of Model Nanoplastics by Single-Cell ICP-MS. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:594. [PMID: 36770555 PMCID: PMC9920308 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic route to producing gold-doped environmentally relevant nanoplastics and a method for the rapid and high-throughput qualitative investigation of their cellular interactions have been developed. Polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanoparticles, doped with ultrasmall gold nanoparticles, were synthesized via an oil-in-water emulsion technique as models for floating and sedimenting nanoplastics, respectively. Gold nanoparticles were chosen as a dopant as they are considered to be chemically stable, relatively easy to obtain, interference-free for elemental analysis, and suitable for bio-applications. The suitability of the doped particles for quick detection via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), operating in single-cell mode (scICP-MS), was demonstrated. Specifically, the method was applied to the analysis of nanoplastics in sizes ranging from 50 to 350 nm, taking advantage of the low limit of detection of single-cell ICP-MS for gold nanoparticles. As an initial proof of concept, gold-doped PVC and PE nanoplastics were employed to quantify the interaction and uptake of nanoplastics by the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line, using scICP-MS and electron microscopy. Macrophages were chosen because their natural biological functions would make them likely to internalize nanoplastics and, thus, would produce samples to verify the test methodology. Finally, the method was applied to assess the uptake by CaCo-2 human intestinal cells, this being a more relevant model for humanexposure to those nanoplastics that are potentially available in the food chain. For both case studies, two concentrations of nanoplastics were employed to simulate both standard environmental conditions and exceptional circumstances, such as pollution hotspot areas.
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6
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Bengalli R, Zerboni A, Bonfanti P, Saibene M, Mehn D, Cella C, Ponti J, La Spina R, Mantecca P. Characterization of microparticles derived from waste plastics and their bio-interaction with human lung A549 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:2030-2044. [PMID: 35929361 PMCID: PMC9805234 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) represent a worldwide emerging relevant concern toward human and environmental health due to their intentional or unintentional release. Human exposure to MPs by inhalation is predicted to be among the most hazardous. MPs include both engineered, or primary MPs, and secondary MPs, materials obtained by fragmentation from any plastic good. The major part of the environmental MPs is constituted by the second ones that are irregular in size, shape and composition. These features make the study of the biological impact of heterogenous MPs of extremely high relevance to better estimate the real toxicological hazards of these materials on human and environmental organisms. The smallest fractions of plastic granules, relying on the micron-sized scale, can be considered as the most abundant component of the environmental MPs, and for this reason, they are typically used to perform toxicity tests using in vitro systems representative of an inhalation exposure scenario. In the present work, MPs obtained from industrial treatment of waste plastics (wMPs < 50 μm) were investigated, and after the physico-chemical characterization, the cytotoxic, inflammatory and genotoxic responses, as well as the modality of wMPs interactions with alveolar lung cells, were determined. Obtained results indicated that, at high concentrations (100 μg/ml) and prolonged exposure time (48 h), wMPs affect biological responses by inducing inflammation and genotoxicity, as a result of the cell-wMP interactions, also including the uptake of the smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bengalli
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Alessandra Zerboni
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Bonfanti
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Melissa Saibene
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Dora Mehn
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Claudia Cella
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Jessica Ponti
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Rita La Spina
- Joint Research Centre (JRC)European CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Reaserch Center, Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
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7
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Bonfanti P, Colombo A, Saibene M, Motta G, Saliu F, Catelani T, Mehn D, La Spina R, Ponti J, Cella C, Floris P, Mantecca P. Microplastics from miscellaneous plastic wastes: Physico-chemical characterization and impact on fish and amphibian development. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 225:112775. [PMID: 34536794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution represents a global problem with negative impacts on aquatic environment and organisms' health. To date, most of the laboratory toxicological studies on microplastics (MPs) have made use of single commercial micro and nano-polymers, which do not reflect the heterogeneity of environmental MPs. To improve the relevance of the hazard assessment, micrometer-sized plastic particles of miscellaneous non-reusable waste plastics, with size <100 µm and <50 µm (waste microplastics, wMPs), were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and tested on developing zebrafish and Xenopus laevis by FET and FETAX assays respectively. Moreover, the modalities of wMP interaction with the embryonic structures, as well as the histological lesions, were explored by light and electron microscopy. We have shown that wMPs had very heterogeneous shapes and sizes, were mainly composed of polyethylene and polypropylene and contained metal and organic impurities, as well as submicrometric particle fractions, features that resemble those of environmental occurring MPs. wMPs (0.1-100 mg/L) caused low rate of mortality and altered phenotypes in embryos, but established species-specific biointeractions. In zebrafish, wMPs by adhering to chorion were able to delay hatching in a size and concentration dependent manner. In Xenopus embryos, which open stomodeum earlier than zebrafish, wMPs were accumulated in intestinal tract, where produced mechanical stress and stimulated mucus overproduction, attesting an irritation response. Although wMP biointeractions did not interfere with morphogenesis processes, further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and long-term impact of these, or even smaller, wMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonfanti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Anita Colombo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Melissa Saibene
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Motta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Saliu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Interdepartmental Microscopy Platform, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Claudia Cella
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Pamela Floris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
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8
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Della Camera G, Madej M, Ferretti AM, La Spina R, Li Y, Corteggio A, Heinzl T, Swartzwelter BJ, Sipos G, Gioria S, Ponti A, Boraschi D, Italiani P. Personalised Profiling of Innate Immune Memory Induced by Nano-Imaging Particles in Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692165. [PMID: 34421901 PMCID: PMC8377278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles used for medical purposes must meet stringent safety criteria, which include immunosafety, i.e., the inability to activate possibly detrimental immune/inflammatory effects. Even medical nanomaterials devoid of direct immunotoxic or inflammatory effects may have an impact on human health if able to modify innate memory, which is the ability to “prime” future immune responses towards a different, possibly more detrimental reactivity. Although innate memory is usually protective, anomalous innate memory responses may be at the basis of immune pathologies. In this study, we have examined the ability of two nanomaterials commonly used for diagnostic imaging purposes, gold and iron oxide nanoparticles, to induce or modulate innate memory, using an in vitro model based on human primary monocytes. Monocytes were exposed in culture to nanoparticles alone or together with the bacterial agent LPS (priming phase/primary response), then rested for six days (extinction phase), and eventually challenged with LPS (memory/secondary response). The memory response to the LPS challenge was measured as changes in the production of inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1Ra), as compared to unprimed monocytes. The results show that both types of nanoparticles can have an effect in the induction of memory, with changes observed in the cytokine production. By comparing nanomaterials of different shapes (spherical vs. rod-shaped gold particles) and different size (17 vs. 22 nm diameter spherical iron oxide particles), it was evident that innate memory could be differentially induced and modulated depending on size, shape and chemical composition. However, the main finding was that the innate memory effect of the particles was strongly donor-dependent, with monocytes from each donor showing a distinct memory profile upon priming with the same particles, thereby making impossible to draw general conclusions on the particle effects. Thus, in order to predict the effect of imaging nanoparticles on the innate memory of patients, a personalised profiling would be required, able to take in consideration the peculiarities of the individual innate immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Della Camera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariusz Madej
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), National Research Council (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Tommaso Heinzl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Benjamin J Swartzwelter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Gergö Sipos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ponti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), National Research Council (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
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9
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La Spina R, António DC, Bombera R, Lettieri T, Lequarré AS, Colpo P, Valsesia A. New Detection Platform for Screening Bacteria in Liquid Samples. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:142. [PMID: 34062907 PMCID: PMC8147366 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of sensitive methods for the determination of potential bacterial contamination is of upmost importance for environmental monitoring and food safety. In this study, we present a new method combining a fast pre-enrichment step using a microporous cryogel and a detection and identification step using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and labelled antibodies, respectively. The experimental method consists of: (i) the capture of large amounts of bacteria from liquid samples by using a highly porous and functionalized cryogel; (ii) the detection and categorisation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by determining their affinities toward a small set of AMPs; and (iii) the identification of the bacterial strain by using labelled detection antibodies. As proof of concept, the assessment of the three steps of the analysis was performed by using Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp. as models for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The use of AMPs with broad specificity combined with labelled antibodies enabled the detection and potential categorization of a large spectrum of unknown or unexpected bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; (R.L.S.); (D.C.A.); (R.B.); (T.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Diana C. António
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; (R.L.S.); (D.C.A.); (R.B.); (T.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Radoslaw Bombera
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; (R.L.S.); (D.C.A.); (R.B.); (T.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; (R.L.S.); (D.C.A.); (R.B.); (T.L.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; (R.L.S.); (D.C.A.); (R.B.); (T.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; (R.L.S.); (D.C.A.); (R.B.); (T.L.); (P.C.)
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10
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Seghers J, Stefaniak EA, La Spina R, Cella C, Mehn D, Gilliland D, Held A, Jacobsson U, Emteborg H. Preparation of a reference material for microplastics in water-evaluation of homogeneity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:385-397. [PMID: 33547482 PMCID: PMC8748356 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Validation of analytical methods for measurements of microplastics (MP) is severely hampered because of a general lack of reference materials, RM. There is a great need to develop such reference materials. This study presents a concept of three-component kit with immobilised MP in solid NaCl, a surfactant and clean water that can be applied for the production of many types of MP RMs. As proof of concept, an RM for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles in water was prepared and evaluated for its homogeneity. The particles ranged from 30 μm (Feretmin) to about 200 μm adapted by wet sieving. A specific number of PET particles were immobilized in about 0.29 g of solid NaCl by freeze-drying 1 mL of a NaCl suspension. By using manual and automated counting, twenty reconstituted 1-L water samples were evaluated for homogeneity with respect to number of PET particles from 30 μm to > 200 μm/L of water. The number of particles was 730 ± 120 (mean ± one standard deviation (SD); n = 10) and 865 ± 155 particles (n = 10) obtained by optical microscopy in two independent laboratories. This corresponded to relative SDs of 16.4 and 17.9% and a mean of 797 ± 151 particles (18.9% RSD, for n = 20). Homogeneity studies of the NaCl carrier without reconstitution resulted in 794 ± 60 particles (7.5% RSD). The homogeneity of PET in the salt carrier was also evaluated directly with respect to mass of PET per vial using an ultra-micro balance. An average mass of 293 ± 41 μg of PET was obtained (14, % RSD for n = 14). Micrographs were recorded to demonstrate the absence of major sources of contamination of the RM components. Information about the particle size distribution and particle shapes was obtained by laser diffraction (LD) and dynamic image analysis (DIA). In addition, the identity of the PET polymer was confirmed by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The RM was developed for a large-scale inter-laboratory comparison of PET particles in water (ILC). Based on the homogeneity results, the material was found to be sufficiently homogeneous to be of meaningful use in the ILC. In a 3-day process, more than 500 samples of PET particles in the NaCl carrier were prepared with good potential for further upscaling with respect to the number of vials or with other kinds of polymers. The stability of PET was not evaluated but it was deemed to be stable for the duration of the ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Seghers
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Claudia Cella
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Held
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Ulf Jacobsson
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Håkan Emteborg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium.
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11
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Giorgi F, Curran JM, Gilliland D, La Spina R, Whelan M, Patterson EA. Limitations of Nanoparticles Size Characterization by Asymmetric Flow Field‑Fractionation Coupled with Online Dynamic Light Scattering. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of reliable protocols suitable for the characterisation of the physical properties of nanoparticles in suspension is becoming crucial to assess the potential biological as well as toxicological impact of nanoparticles. Amongst sizing techniques, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to online size detectors represents one of the most robust and flexible options to quantify the particle size distribution in suspension. However, size measurement uncertainties have been reported for on-line dynamic light scattering (DLS) detectors when coupled to AF4 systems. In this work we investigated the influence of the initial concentration of nanoparticles in suspension on the sizing capability of the asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation technique coupled with an on-line dynamic light scattering detector and a UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV) detector. Experiments were performed with suspensions of gold nanoparticles with a nominal diameter of 40 nm and 60 nm at a range of particle concentrations. The results obtained demonstrate that at low concentration of nanoparticles, the AF4-DLS combined technique fails to evaluate the real size of nanoparticles in suspension, detecting an apparent and progressive size increase as a function of the elution time and of the concentration of nanoparticles in suspension.
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12
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Kämpfer AAM, Urbán P, La Spina R, Jiménez IO, Kanase N, Stone V, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A. Ongoing inflammation enhances the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials: Application of an in vitro co-culture model of the healthy and inflamed intestine. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 63:104738. [PMID: 31760064 PMCID: PMC6961208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory conditions can negatively impact intestinal barrier function and affect the epithelium's interaction with nano-sized materials. We demonstrate the application of a Caco-2/THP-1 co-culture mimicking the intestine in healthy (i.e. stable) or inflamed state in nanotoxicological research. The co-cultures were exposed to non-toxic concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or silver nitrate (AgNO3) for 24 h. The barrier integrity and cytokine release as well as necrotic and apoptotic cell death were investigated. AgNPs and AgNO3 most strongly affected the inflamed co-culture. Higher concentrations of AgNPs induced a significant increase in barrier integrity in the inflamed but not the stable co-culture. Necrotic and apoptotic cell death was detected in both conditions but were significantly more pronounced in the inflamed condition. The exposure to AgNO3 affected barrier integrity in all experimental set-ups, but caused nuclear condensation only in the Caco-2 monoculture and the inflamed co-culture. AgNPs reduced the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the stable model. Clear differences were observed in the effects of AgNPs and AgNO3 in relation to the model's health status. The results suggest an increased vulnerability of the inflamed epithelial barrier towards AgNPs underlining the importance to consider the intestinal health status in the safety assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A M Kämpfer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Nano-Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Urbán
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Nilesh Kanase
- Nano-Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano-Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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13
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Zanoletti A, Bilo F, Borgese L, Depero LE, Fahimi A, Ponti J, Valsesia A, La Spina R, Montini T, Bontempi E. SUNSPACE, A Porous Material to Reduce Air Particulate Matter (PM). Front Chem 2018; 6:534. [PMID: 30425984 PMCID: PMC6219005 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that every year several million people die prematurely due to air pollution. Poor air quality is a by-product of unsustainable policies in transportation, energy, industry, and waste management in the world's most crowded cities. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major element of polluted air. PM can be composed by organic and inorganic species. In particular, heavy metals present in PM include, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium, (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and molybdenum (Mo). Currently, vegetation is the only existing sustainable method to reduce anthropogenic PM concentrations in urban environments. In particular, the PM-retention ability of vegetation depends on the surface properties, related to the plant species, leaf and branch density, and leaf micromorphology. In this work, a new hybrid material called SUNSPACE (SUstaiNable materials Synthesized from by-Products and Alginates for Clean air and better Environment) is proposed for air PM entrapment. Candle burning tests are performed to compare SUNSPACE with Hedera Helix L. leafs with respect to their efficacy of reducing coarse and fine PM. The temporal variation of PM10 and PM2.5 in presence of the trapping materials, shows that Hedera Helix L. surface saturates more rapidly. In addition, the capability of SUNSPACE in ultrafine PM trapping is also demonstrated by using titanium dioxide nanoparticles with 25 nm diameter. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of SUNSPACE after entrapment tests highlight the presence of collected nanoparticles until to about 0.04 mm in depth from the sample surface. N2 physisorption measurements allow to demonstrate the possibility to SUNSPACE regeneration by washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabjola Bilo
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura E. Depero
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit (F.2), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit (F.2), Ispra, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit (F.2), Ispra, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CNR-ICCOM URT and INSTM Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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14
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Gioria S, Urbán P, Hajduch M, Barboro P, Cabaleiro N, La Spina R, Chassaigne H. Proteomics study of silver nanoparticles on Caco-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:347-372. [PMID: 29626626 PMCID: PMC6021817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been incorporated into several consumer products. While these advances in technology are promising and exciting, the effects of these nanoparticles have not equally been studied. Due to the size, AgNPs can penetrate the body through oral exposure and reach the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was designed as a comparative proteomic analysis of Caco-2 cells, used as an in vitro model of the small intestine, exposed to 30 nm citrate stabilized-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for 24 or 72 h. Using two complementary proteomic approaches, 2D gel-based and label-free mass spectrometry, we present insight into the effects of AgNPs at proteins level. Exposure of 1 or 10 μg/mL AgNPs to Caco-2 cells resulted in 56 and 88 altered proteins at 24 h and 72 h respectively, by 2D gel-based technique. Ten of these proteins were found to be common between the two time-points. Using label-free mass spectrometry technique, 291 and 179 altered proteins were found at 24 h and 72 h, of which 24 were in common. Analysis of the proteomes showed several major biological processes altered, from which, cell cycle, cell morphology, cellular function and maintenance were the most affected. Comparison between 2D gel-based vs label-free MS based proteomics study Significant changes in the protein profiles of Caco-2 cells exposed to AgNPs. Contribute to understand the mechanisms of action of AgNPs
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Patricia Urbán
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Martin Hajduch
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Paola Barboro
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Noelia Cabaleiro
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Hubert Chassaigne
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
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15
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La Spina R, Ferrero VEV, Aiello V, Pedotti M, Varani L, Lettieri T, Calzolai L, Haasnoot W, Colpo P. Label-Free Biosensor Detection of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Using Engineered Estrogen Receptors. Biosensors (Basel) 2017; 8:E1. [PMID: 29271936 PMCID: PMC5872049 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) are chemical substances shown to interfere with endogenous hormones affecting the endocrine, immune and nervous systems of mammals. EDCs are the causative agents of diseases including reproductive disorders and cancers. This highlights the urgency to develop fast and sensitive methods to detect EDCs, which are detrimental even at very low concentrations. In this work, we propose a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor method to detect specific EDCs (17 β-estradiol (E2), ethinyl-estradiol, 4-nonylphenol, tamoxifen) through their binding to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). We show that the use of rationally designed ERα (as bio-recognition element) in combination with conformation-sensitive peptides (as amplification agent, resulting in increased responses) enables the detection of low parts per billion (ppb) levels of E2. As a proof of concept, this bioassay was used to detect E2 in (spiked) real water samples from fish farms, rivers and the sea at low ppb levels after concentration by solid phase extraction. In addition, the present SPR assay that combines a conformation-sensitive peptide with an array of ERα mutants is very promising for the assessment of the risk of potential estrogenic activity for chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita La Spina
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Valentina E V Ferrero
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Sustainable Resources, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Venera Aiello
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Mattia Pedotti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Sustainable Resources, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Willem Haasnoot
- Authenticity & Bioassays, RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health Consumer and Reference Materials, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
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16
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Kämpfer A, La Spina R, Gilliland D, Valzacchi S, Asturiol D, Stone V, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A. Silver Nanoparticles and Metallic Silver Interfere with the Griess Reaction: Reduction of Azo Dye Formation via a Competing Sandmeyer-Like Reaction. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1030-1037. [PMID: 28282135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) is the most common nanomaterial (NM) in consumer products. Much research has been focused on elucidating the potential impact of Ag-containing NMs on human health, e.g., cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, or proinflammatory responses. In the case of proinflammatory responses, a frequently used end point is the induction of nitric oxide (NO), which is indirectly quantified as nitrite (NO2-) with the Griess reaction. After preliminary studies in a macrophage-like cell culture system showed anomalous false negative results in the presence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), we studied the influence of Ag on the detection of NO2- in a cell-free environment. Solutions containing a known concentration of NaNO2 were prepared in H2O, PBS, or complete cell culture medium (CCM) and analyzed using the Griess reaction in the presence of Ag in its metallic or ionic state. In Milli-Q H2O, the impact of salts on the detection was investigated using NaCl and KBr. After completion of the Griess reaction, the samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically or chromatographically. It was found that the presence of metallic but not ionic Ag interfered with the quantification of NO2-. The effect was more pronounced in PBS and H2O containing NaCl or KBr. The chromatographical analysis provided evidence of a competing reaction consuming the intermediate diazonium salt, which is critical to the Griess reaction. These findings demonstrate yet another substantial interference of NMs with a frequently used in vitro assay. If gone unnoticed, this interference might cause false negative results and an impaired hazard assessment of Ag NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kämpfer
- European Commission Joint Research Centre , Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 125, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission Joint Research Centre , Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 125, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- European Commission Joint Research Centre , Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 125, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Sandro Valzacchi
- European Commission Joint Research Centre , Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 125, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - David Asturiol
- European Commission Joint Research Centre , Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 125, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nanosafety Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Kinsner-Ovaskainen
- European Commission Joint Research Centre , Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 125, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
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17
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Rischitor G, Parracino M, La Spina R, Urbán P, Ojea-Jiménez I, Bellido E, Valsesia A, Gioria S, Capomaccio R, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Gilliland D, Rossi F, Colpo P. Erratum to: Quantification of the cellular dose and characterization of nanoparticle transport during in vitro testing. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:66. [PMID: 27938386 PMCID: PMC5148834 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grigore Rischitor
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Patricia Urbán
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Isaac Ojea-Jiménez
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Elena Bellido
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Robin Capomaccio
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Kinsner-Ovaskainen
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - François Rossi
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
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18
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Rischitor G, Parracino M, La Spina R, Urbán P, Ojea-Jiménez I, Bellido E, Valsesia A, Gioria S, Capomaccio R, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Gilliland D, Rossi F, Colpo P. Quantification of the cellular dose and characterization of nanoparticle transport during in vitro testing. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:47. [PMID: 27557953 PMCID: PMC4995798 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant increase of the use of nanomaterials in consumer products is making increasingly urgent that standardized and reliable in vitro test methods for toxicity screening be made available to the scientific community. For this purpose, the determination of the cellular dose, i.e. the amount of nanomaterials effectively in contact with the cells is fundamental for a trustworthy determination of nanomaterial dose responses. This has often been overlooked in the literature making it difficult to undertake a comparison of datasets from different studies. Characterization of the mechanisms involved in nanomaterial transport and the determination of the cellular dose is essential for the development of predictive numerical models and reliable in vitro screening methods. RESULTS This work aims to relate key physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles (NPs) to the kinetics of their deposition on the cellular monolayer. Firstly, an extensive characterization of NPs in complete culture cell medium was performed to determine the diameter and the apparent mass density of the formed NP-serum protein complexes. Subsequently, the kinetics of deposition were studied by UV-vis absorbance measurements in the presence or absence of cells. The fraction of NPs deposited on the cellular layer was found to be highly dependent on NP size and apparent density because these two parameters influence the NP transport. The NP deposition occurred in two phases: phase 1, which consists of cellular uptake driven by the NP-cell affinity, and phase 2 consisting mainly of NP deposition onto the cellular membrane. CONCLUSION The fraction of deposited NPs is very different from the initial concentration applied in the in vitro assay, and is highly dependent of the size and density of the NPs, on the associated transport rate and on the exposure duration. This study shows that an accurate characterization is needed and suitable experimental conditions such as initial concentration of NPs and liquid height in the wells has to be considered since they strongly influence the cellular dose and the nature of interactions of NPs with the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigore Rischitor
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | | | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Patrizia Urbán
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Isaac Ojea-Jiménez
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Elena Bellido
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Robin Capomaccio
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Agnieszka Kinsner-Ovaskainen
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - François Rossi
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer and Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
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19
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Spampinato V, Parracino MA, La Spina R, Rossi F, Ceccone G. Surface Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Thiol-Modified Glucose SAMs for Biosensor Applications. Front Chem 2016; 4:8. [PMID: 26973830 PMCID: PMC4770020 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to characterize the surface chemistry of gold substrates before and after functionalization with thiol-modified glucose self-assembled monolayers and subsequent biochemical specific recognition of maltose binding protein (MBP). The results indicate that the surface functionalization is achieved both on flat and nanoparticles gold substrates thus showing the potential of the developed system as biodetection platform. Moreover, the method presented here has been found to be a sound and valid approach to characterize the surface chemistry of nanoparticles functionalized with large molecules. Both techniques were proved to be very useful tools for monitoring all the functionalization steps, including the investigation of the biological behavior of the glucose-modified particles in the presence of the maltose binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spampinato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer ProtectionIspra, Italy
- Istituto di Fisica dei Plasmi, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMilano, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Parracino
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer ProtectionIspra, Italy
- Technical Department, Nanoimmunotech S.LZaragoza, Spain
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer ProtectionIspra, Italy
| | - Francois Rossi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer ProtectionIspra, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer ProtectionIspra, Italy
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20
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Gioria S, Lobo Vicente J, Barboro P, La Spina R, Tomasi G, Urbán P, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, François R, Chassaigne H. A combined proteomics and metabolomics approach to assess the effects of gold nanoparticles in vitro. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:736-48. [PMID: 26647645 PMCID: PMC4898143 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1121412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies, such as proteomics or metabolomics, have to date been applied in the field of nanomaterial safety assessment to a limited extent. To address this dearth, we developed an integrated approach combining the two techniques to study the effects of two sizes, 5 and 30 nm, of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in Caco-2 cells. We observed differences in cells exposed for 72 h to each size of AuNPs: 61 responsive (up/down-regulated) proteins were identified and 35 metabolites in the cell extract were tentatively annotated. Several altered biological pathways were highlighted by integrating the obtained multi-omics data with bioinformatic tools. This provided a unique set of molecular information on the effects of nanomaterials at cellular level. This information was supported by complementary data obtained by immunochemistry, microscopic analysis, and multiplexed assays. A part from increasing our knowledge on how the cellular processes and pathways are affected by nanomaterials (NMs), these findings could be used to identify specific biomarkers of toxicity or to support the safe-by-design concept in the development of new nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gioria
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Joana Lobo Vicente
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Paola Barboro
- b IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genova , Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Giorgio Tomasi
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Patricia Urbán
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | | | - Rossi François
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Hubert Chassaigne
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
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21
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Muldur SK, Desmet C, La Spina R, Monteiro BDJDC, Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Spampinato V, Ceccone G, Valsesia A, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Colpo P, Rossi F. Modulation of surface bio-functionality by using gold nanostructures on protein repellent surfaces. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and straightforward nanofabrication method for the creation of gold nanoparticles patterns on a biologically inert plasma-deposited poly(ethyleneoxide) film for sensing and cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan K. Muldur
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | - Cloe Desmet
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | | | - Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | - Valentina Spampinato
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | | | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
| | - François Rossi
- European Commission Joint
- Research Centre
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
- Nanobioscience Unit
- Ispra
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22
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La Spina R, Tomlinson MR, Ruiz-Pérez L, Chiche A, Langridge S, Geoghegan M. Controlling network-brush interactions to achieve switchable adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6460-3. [PMID: 17645274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita La Spina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
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Abstract
A mutual induced fit mechanism is responsible for the exceptional complexation performances exhibited by calix[8]arene polycations towards heparin. The recognition process was studied in comparison with two other heparin antagonists: protamine and polylysine. The arrangement of multiple functional groups on the flexible macrocyclic scaffold of calix[8]arene, with respect to the conformationally rigid protamine and low ordered polylysine, allowed a mutual adaptability between calixarene polycations and heparin, significantly enhancing the recognition performances. Fluorescence, NMR titration, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) experiments confirmed that these calixarene derivatives have a very high specificity and affinity towards heparin neutralization as in aqueous solution as in blood. Analogous results were obtained with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) whose effect protamine is unable to completely reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mecca
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via del Santuario, 110, I-95028, Valverde (CT), Italy
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Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, La Spina R, Restuccia CL. Thermal and rheological behaviour of some random aromatic polyethersulfone/polyetherethersulfone copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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