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Rabbani M, Hosseini A, Karim MA, Fahimi A, Karimi K, Vahidi E. Environmental impact assessment of a novel third-generation biorefinery approach for astaxanthin and biofuel production. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168733. [PMID: 38013097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel third-generation biorefinery approach, including two paths of Ethanol/methane production pathway (EMP) and the direct methane production pathway (DMP), for astaxanthin and ethanol and biogas production from the freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis was developed previously. To ensure its environmental sustainability, a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) study was conducted based on 1-GJ energy generation from biomethane as the functional unit. Results indicate that the EMP pathway had higher environmental impacts on all categories due to more stages and chemicals/energy consumption (at least five times greater effect). Results showed that while the enzymatic hydrolysis step followed by the fermentation stage was the main contributor to all environmental categories in the EMP route, astaxanthin induction dominated all environmental categories in the DMP route. The results showed that sodium nitrate, phosphate salts, inoculum sludge, acetone, and electricity had considerable environmental impacts. Moreover, despite low enzyme usage in enzymatic hydrolysis, these proteins significantly impacted all environmental categories in this stage. The baseline analysis concluded that to produce 1 GJ energy from methane, about 88 kg and 13 kg CO2 were generated from the EMP and DMP pathways, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to compare various ratios of chemicals, such as phosphate salts, with high contributions to enzymatic hydrolysis and astaxanthin induction stages in the EMP and DMP routes, respectively. Finally, the LCA results revealed that the DMP pathway is more environmentally friendly with the same economic value of biomethane and astaxanthin production. This LCA study updated the data related to the environmental assessment of processes to utilize H. pluvialis to produce biofuels and astaxanthin simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rabbani
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Arman Hosseini
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Mohammad Anwar Karim
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ario Fahimi
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ehsan Vahidi
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Fahimi A, Zanoletti A, Cornelio A, Mousa E, Ye G, Frontera P, Depero LE, Bontempi E. Sustainability Analysis of Processes to Recycle Discharged Lithium-Ion Batteries, Based on the ESCAPE Approach. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8527. [PMID: 36500023 PMCID: PMC9737978 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There are several recycling methods to treat discharged lithium-ion batteries, mostly based on pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches. Some of them are promising, showing high recovery efficiency (over 90%) of strategic metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. However, technological efficiency must also consider the processes sustainability in terms of environmental impact. In this study, some recycling processes of spent lithium-ion batteries were considered, and their sustainability was evaluated based on the ESCAPE "Evaluation of Sustainability of material substitution using CArbon footPrint by a simplifiEd approach" approach, which is a screening tool preliminary to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The work specifically focuses on cobalt recovery comparing the sustainability of using inorganic or organic acid for the leaching of waste derived from lithium-ion batteries. Based on the possibility to compare different processes, for the first time, some considerations about technologies optimization have been done, allowing proposing strategies able to save chemicals. In addition, the energy mix of each country, to generate electricity has been considered, showing its influence on the sustainability evaluation. This allows distinguishing the countries using more low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) for a share of the electricity mix, where the recycling processes result more sustainable. Finally, this outcome is reflected by another indicator, the eco-cost from the virtual pollution model 99' proposed by Vogtländer, which integrates the monetary estimation of carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Cornelio
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsayed Mousa
- SWERIM AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, SE-97437 Luleå, Sweden
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Cairo 12422, Egypt
| | - Guozhu Ye
- SWERIM AB, Aronstorpsvägen 1, SE-97437 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Frontera
- INSTM and Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICEAM), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella Loc. Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Laura Eleonora Depero
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Ducoli S, Fahimi A, Mousa E, Ye G, Federici S, Frontera P, Bontempi E. ESCAPE approach for the sustainability evaluation of spent lithium-ion batteries recovery: Dataset of 33 available technologies. Data Brief 2022; 42:108018. [PMID: 35313497 PMCID: PMC8933528 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovering critical raw materials from end-of-life batteries is mandatory to limit the need of virgin resources in the long-term. However, most of the recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) technologies are still in an infancy stage. As a result, to date, only few studies focus on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the proposed processes, presenting limited results. This paper reports the methodology and data resulting from sustainability evaluation of 33 different technologies for spent LIBs recovery, on the basis of the availability of information, identified in literature. The ESCAPE (standing for Evaluation of Sustainability of material substitution using CArbon footPrint by a simplified approach) method is based on the use of only two parameters: the embodied energy and the carbon footprint. These parameters are calculated for all the process steps of each technology. Using the ESCAPE approach, the data about energies and emissions associated with the electricity consumption for thermal and mechanical treatments and chemicals and water use are calculated for all the 33 selected technologies, referring to a recent work (Fahimi et a., 2022), which only presents the results. In addition, ESCAPE tool is used to evaluate and discuss the parameters that can affect the technologies sustainability, to better highlight the most onerous and impactful steps of each technology. Then, this paper also shows that ESCAPE approach allows to propose some strategies to improve the recovery processes, with the aim to support eco-design.
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Fiameni L, Fahimi A, Marchesi C, Sorrentino GP, Zanoletti A, Moreira K, Valentim B, Predeanu G, Depero LE, Bontempi E. Phosphorous and Silica Recovery from Rice Husk Poultry Litter Ash: A Sustainability Analysis Using a Zero-Waste Approach. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6297. [PMID: 34771827 PMCID: PMC8585221 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate rocks are a critical resource for the European Union, and alternative sources to assure the future production of a new generation of fertilizers are to be assessed. In this study, a statistical approach, combined with a sustainability evaluation for the recovery of materials from waste containing phosphorus (P), is presented. This work proposes a strategy to recover P and silica (SiO2) from rice husk poultry litter ash (RHPLA). The design of experiment (DoE) method was applied to maximize the P extraction using hydrochloric acid (HCl), with the aim to minimize the contamination that can occur by leachable heavy metals present in RHPLA, such as zinc (Zn). Two independent variables, the molar concentration of the acid, and the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) between the acid and RHPLA, were used in the experimental design to optimize the operating parameters. The statistical analysis showed that a HCl concentration of 0.34 mol/L and an L/S ratio of 50 are the best conditions to recover P with low Zn contamination. Concerning the SiO2, its content in RHPLA is too low to consider the proposed recovery process as advantageous. However, based on our analysis, this process should be sustainable to recover SiO2 when its content in the starting materials is more than 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fiameni
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Claudio Marchesi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Giampiero Pasquale Sorrentino
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Karen Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Bruno Valentim
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Georgeta Predeanu
- Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly Technologies, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1, Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura Eleonora Depero
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.F.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (G.P.S.); (A.Z.); (L.E.D.)
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Fiameni L, Assi A, Fahimi A, Valentim B, Moreira K, Predeanu G, Slăvescu V, Vasile BŞ, Nicoară AI, Borgese L, Boniardi G, Turolla A, Canziani R, Bontempi E. Simultaneous amorphous silica and phosphorus recovery from rice husk poultry litter ash. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8927-8939. [PMID: 35423396 PMCID: PMC8695335 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The livestock sector is one of the most important sectors of the agricultural economy due to an increase in the demand for animal protein. This increase generates serious waste disposal concerns and has negative environmental consequences. Furthermore, the food production chain needs phosphorus (P), which is listed as a critical raw material due to its high demand and limited availability in Europe. Manure contains large amounts of P and other elements that may be recycled, in the frame of circular economy and "zero waste" principles, and reused as a by-product for fertilizer production and other applications. This paper focuses on the extraction and recovery of amorphous silica from rice husk poultry litter ash. Two different extraction procedures are proposed and compared, and the obtained silica is characterized. This work shows that amorphous silica can be recovered as an almost pure material rendering the residual ash free of P. It also addresses the possibility of more specific phosphorous extraction procedures via acid leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fiameni
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia Via Branze, 38 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Ahmad Assi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia Via Branze, 38 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia Via Branze, 38 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Bruno Valentim
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 1021 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Karen Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 1021 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Georgeta Predeanu
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly Technologies (CPMTE) 1 Polizu St. 011061, Sector 1 Bucharest Romania
| | - Valerica Slăvescu
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly Technologies (CPMTE) 1 Polizu St. 011061, Sector 1 Bucharest Romania
| | - Bogdan Ş Vasile
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials 6 Iuliu Maniu Bdv. 061344, Sector 6 Bucharest Romania
| | - Adrian I Nicoară
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials 6 Iuliu Maniu Bdv. 061344, Sector 6 Bucharest Romania
| | - Laura Borgese
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia Via Branze, 38 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Gaia Boniardi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133, Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133, Milano Italy
| | - Roberto Canziani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133, Milano Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia Via Branze, 38 25123 Brescia Italy
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Fahimi A, Bilo F, Assi A, Dalipi R, Federici S, Guedes A, Valentim B, Olgun H, Ye G, Bialecka B, Fiameni L, Borgese L, Cathelineau M, Boiron MC, Predeanu G, Bontempi E. Poultry litter ash characterisation and recovery. Waste Manag 2020; 111:10-21. [PMID: 32464522 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a complete characterisation of poultry litter ash and its potential use as a heavy metal stabiliser. We propose a novel approach, in which the ashes deriving from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) are combined with poultry litter ash, rather than with coal combustion flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) residues. Heavy metals stabilisation was demonstrated by comparing the elemental concentrations in the leaching solutions of the starting raw and stabilised materials: leachable Pb and Zn showed a reduced solubility. The characterisation was conducted by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX). The results showed that the poultry litter ash was Ca-, P-, K- and S-rich (>29 g/kg). It contained amorphous materials (i.e. fly ash economiser (FAECO) 73% and fly ash cyclone (FACYC) 61%) and soluble phases (e.g. arkanite and sylvite; up to 13% FAECO and 28% FACYC), as well as resilient crystalline (up to 2% of FAECO and FACYC) and amorphous phases (e.g. hydroxyapatite). After two months, the Pb and Zn concentrations in the leachate solutions were below the limit set by the European regulations for waste disposal (<0.2 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively). We propose a mechanism for the heavy metals stabilisation based on the carbonation process and high amounts of P, Ca and reactive amorphous phases. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that poultry litter ash can be an effective secondary source of heavy metals, allowing their immobilisation through P- and Ca-based reactive amorphous phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabjola Bilo
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Ahmad Assi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rogerta Dalipi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini", via Antonio Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Federici
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Guedes
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Valentim
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hayati Olgun
- Ege Üniversitesi Güneş Enerjisi Enstitüsü, 119/1, sokak 2, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Sustainable Process Technology, Swerea MEFOS, Aronstorpsvägen 1, 974 37 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Barbara Bialecka
- Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Central Mining Institute (GIG), plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland
| | - Laura Fiameni
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Michel Cathelineau
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources Lab., Campus Aiguillettes, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, rue Jacques Callot, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boiron
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources Lab., Campus Aiguillettes, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, rue Jacques Callot, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Georgeta Predeanu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-friendly Technologies, 1, Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Zanoletti A, Bilo F, Borgese L, Depero LE, Fahimi A, Ponti J, Valsesia A, La Spina R, Montini T, Bontempi E. SUNSPACE, A Porous Material to Reduce Air Particulate Matter (PM). Front Chem 2018; 6:534. [PMID: 30425984 PMCID: PMC6219005 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that every year several million people die prematurely due to air pollution. Poor air quality is a by-product of unsustainable policies in transportation, energy, industry, and waste management in the world's most crowded cities. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major element of polluted air. PM can be composed by organic and inorganic species. In particular, heavy metals present in PM include, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium, (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and molybdenum (Mo). Currently, vegetation is the only existing sustainable method to reduce anthropogenic PM concentrations in urban environments. In particular, the PM-retention ability of vegetation depends on the surface properties, related to the plant species, leaf and branch density, and leaf micromorphology. In this work, a new hybrid material called SUNSPACE (SUstaiNable materials Synthesized from by-Products and Alginates for Clean air and better Environment) is proposed for air PM entrapment. Candle burning tests are performed to compare SUNSPACE with Hedera Helix L. leafs with respect to their efficacy of reducing coarse and fine PM. The temporal variation of PM10 and PM2.5 in presence of the trapping materials, shows that Hedera Helix L. surface saturates more rapidly. In addition, the capability of SUNSPACE in ultrafine PM trapping is also demonstrated by using titanium dioxide nanoparticles with 25 nm diameter. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of SUNSPACE after entrapment tests highlight the presence of collected nanoparticles until to about 0.04 mm in depth from the sample surface. N2 physisorption measurements allow to demonstrate the possibility to SUNSPACE regeneration by washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabjola Bilo
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura E. Depero
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ario Fahimi
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit (F.2), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit (F.2), Ispra, Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit (F.2), Ispra, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CNR-ICCOM URT and INSTM Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Nosheny RL, Belichenko PV, Busse BL, Weissmiller AM, Dang V, Das D, Fahimi A, Salehi A, Smith SJ, Mobley WC. Increased cortical synaptic activation of TrkB and downstream signaling markers in a mouse model of Down Syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 77:173-90. [PMID: 25753471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is characterized by synaptic abnormalities and cognitive deficits throughout the lifespan and with development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and progressive cognitive decline in adults. Synaptic abnormalities are also present in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, but which synapses are affected and the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction are unknown. Here we show marked increases in the levels and activation status of TrkB and associated signaling proteins in cortical synapses in Ts65Dn mice. Proteomic analysis at the single synapse level of resolution using array tomography (AT) uncovered increased colocalization of activated TrkB with signaling endosome related proteins, and demonstrated increased TrkB signaling. The extent of increases in TrkB signaling differed in each of the cortical layers examined and with respect to the type of synapse, with the most marked increases seen in inhibitory synapses. These findings are evidence of markedly abnormal TrkB-mediated signaling in synapses. They raise the possibility that dysregulated TrkB signaling contributes to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Nosheny
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - P V Belichenko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - B L Busse
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A M Weissmiller
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - V Dang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - D Das
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - A Fahimi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - A Salehi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - S J Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Murray CJL, Atkinson C, Bhalla K, Birbeck G, Burstein R, Chou D, Dellavalle R, Danaei G, Ezzati M, Fahimi A, Flaxman D, Foreman, Gabriel S, Gakidou E, Kassebaum N, Khatibzadeh S, Lim S, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lopez, MacIntyre MF, Mokdad AH, Moran A, Moran AE, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Pope C, Roberts T, Salomon J, Schwebel DC, Shahraz S, Sleet DA, Murray, Abraham J, Ali MK, Atkinson C, Bartels DH, Bhalla K, Birbeck G, Burstein R, Chen H, Criqui MH, Dahodwala, Jarlais, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Ebel BE, Ezzati M, Fahami, Flaxman S, Flaxman AD, Gonzalez-Medina D, Grant B, Hagan H, Hoffman H, Kassebaum N, Khatibzadeh S, Leasher JL, Lin J, Lipshultz SE, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mallinger L, McDermott MM, Micha R, Miller TR, Mokdad AA, Mokdad AH, Mozaffarian D, Naghavi M, Narayan KMV, Omer SB, Pelizzari PM, Phillips D, Ranganathan D, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Sampson U, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Schwebel DC, Sharaz S, Shivakoti R, Singh GM, Singh D, Tavakkoli M, Towbin JA, Wilkinson JD, Zabetian A, Murray, Abraham J, Ali MK, Alvardo M, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Benjamin EJ, Bhalla K, Birbeck G, Bolliger I, Burstein R, Carnahan E, Chou D, Chugh SS, Cohen A, Colson KE, Cooper LT, Couser W, Criqui MH, Dabhadkar KC, Dellavalle RP, Jarlais, Dicker D, Dorsey ER, Duber H, Ebel BE, Engell RE, Ezzati M, Felson DT, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flaxman AD, Fleming T, Foreman, Forouzanfar MH, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Gosselin R, Gutierrez HR, Hagan H, Havmoeller R, Hoffman H, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayarman S, Johns N, Kassebaum N, Khatibzadeh S, Lan Q, Leasher JL, Lim S, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lopez, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mallinger L, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Michaud C, Miller TR, Mock C, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Mokdad AH, Moran A, Naghavi M, Narayan KMV, Nelson RG, Olives C, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Ostro B, Pelizzari PM, Phillips D, Raju M, Razavi H, Ritz B, Roberts T, Sacco RL, Salomon J, Sampson U, Schwebel DC, Shahraz S, Shibuya K, Silberberg D, Singh JA, Steenland K, Taylor JA, Thurston GD, Vavilala MS, Vos T, Wagner GR, Weinstock MA, Weisskopf MG, Wulf S, Murray. The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA 2013; 310:591-608. [PMID: 23842577 PMCID: PMC5436627 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1731] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding the major health problems in the United States and how they are changing over time is critical for informing national health policy. OBJECTIVES To measure the burden of diseases, injuries, and leading risk factors in the United States from 1990 to 2010 and to compare these measurements with those of the 34 countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. DESIGN We used the systematic analysis of descriptive epidemiology of 291 diseases and injuries, 1160 sequelae of these diseases and injuries, and 67 risk factors or clusters of risk factors from 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries developed for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study to describe the health status of the United States and to compare US health outcomes with those of 34 OECD countries. Years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) were computed by multiplying the number of deaths at each age by a reference life expectancy at that age. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying prevalence (based on systematic reviews) by the disability weight (based on population-based surveys) for each sequela; disability in this study refers to any short- or long-term loss of health. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. Deaths and DALYs related to risk factors were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of exposure data and relative risks for risk-outcome pairs. Healthy life expectancy (HALE) was used to summarize overall population health, accounting for both length of life and levels of ill health experienced at different ages. RESULTS US life expectancy for both sexes combined increased from 75.2 years in 1990 to 78.2 years in 2010; during the same period, HALE increased from 65.8 years to 68.1 years. The diseases and injuries with the largest number of YLLs in 2010 were ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and road injury. Age-standardized YLL rates increased for Alzheimer disease, drug use disorders, chronic kidney disease, kidney cancer, and falls. The diseases with the largest number of YLDs in 2010 were low back pain, major depressive disorder, other musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, and anxiety disorders. As the US population has aged, YLDs have comprised a larger share of DALYs than have YLLs. The leading risk factors related to DALYs were dietary risks, tobacco smoking, high body mass index, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, physical inactivity, and alcohol use. Among 34 OECD countries between 1990 and 2010, the US rank for the age-standardized death rate changed from 18th to 27th, for the age-standardized YLL rate from 23rd to 28th, for the age-standardized YLD rate from 5th to 6th, for life expectancy at birth from 20th to 27th, and for HALE from 14th to 26th. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE From 1990 to 2010, the United States made substantial progress in improving health. Life expectancy at birth and HALE increased, all-cause death rates at all ages decreased, and age-specific rates of years lived with disability remained stable. However, morbidity and chronic disability now account for nearly half of the US health burden, and improvements in population health in the United States have not kept pace with advances in population health in other wealthy nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.
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Fahimi A, Kharrazi-Pakdel A, Talaei-Hassanloui R. Evaluation of effect of PxGV-Taiwanii on cabbage moth Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) in laboratory conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:1768-70. [PMID: 18819637 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.1768.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of one entomopathogenic virus (PxGV) was studied on cabbage moth Plutella xylostella with hope to find management strategies of this insect, based on biological control. Bioassay showed that, this virus has high virulence and can be considered as the important agents on the control of this insect. The LC50 value of PxGV for second instar larvae of cabbage moth was calculated 448.58 g mm(-2). The LT50 values for the same larvae with 749.89 and 1883.65 g mm(-2) doses of PxGV were 6.04 and 6.85 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fahimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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