1
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Kataoka S, Kawamoto S, Kitagawa S, Kugimiya W, Tsumura K, Akutsu Y, Kubota T, Ishikawa K. Structural and functional insights into the enzymatic activities of lipases from Burkholderia stagnalis and Burkholderia plantarii. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1411-1421. [PMID: 38658173 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Lipases with high interesterification activity are important enzymes for industrial use. The lipase from Burkholderia stagnalis (BsL) exhibits higher interesterification activity than that from Burkholderia plantarii (BpL) despite their significant sequence similarity. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of BsL at 1.40 Å resolution. Utilizing structural insights, we have successfully augmented the interesterification activity of BpL by over twofold. This enhancement was achieved by substituting threonine with serine at position 289 through forming an expansive space in the substrate-binding site. Additionally, we discuss the activity mechanism based on the kinetic parameters. Our study sheds light on the structural determinants of the interesterification activity of lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kataoka
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc., Tsukubamirai-shi, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kawamoto
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc., Tsukubamirai-shi, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kitagawa
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc., Tsukubamirai-shi, Japan
| | - Wataru Kugimiya
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc., Tsukubamirai-shi, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Tsumura
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc., Tsukubamirai-shi, Japan
| | - Yukie Akutsu
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kubota
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami, Japan
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2
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Li Y, Guo J, Sun S. Decreasing acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester products using complex enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1355009. [PMID: 38390361 PMCID: PMC10882546 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, enzymatic method has been used to prepare biodiesel using various oils. But the high acid value of the biodiesel product using enzyme as a catalyst has been one issue. In this work, an attempt to reduce the acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) product to satisfy the specified requirement (AV ≤ 0.5 mgKOH/g), a complex enzyme-catalyzed method was used for the ethanolysis of Semen Abutili seed oil (SASO) (AV = 5.5 ± 0.3 mgKOH/g). The effects of various variables (constituents of complex enzyme, type and addition of water removal agent, time, temperature, enzyme addition load, substrate ratio) on the enzymatic reaction were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were: 1% addition of liquid lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0% and 0.8% of enzyme dry powder CALB, reaction temperature 35°C, alcohol-oil ratio 9:1 (mol/mol), 0.8 g/g of 4A-MS and reaction time 24 h. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the FAEE yield was 90.8% ± 1.5% and its acid value was decreased from 12.0 ± 0.2 mgKOH/g to 0.39 ± 0.10 mgKOH/g. In further evaluating the feasibility of preparing FAEE from SASO, the FAEE products obtained under the optimal reaction conditions were purified and evaluated with reference to the ASTM D6751 standard for the main physicochemical indexes. The results obtained were in accordance with the requirements except for the oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangde Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Mahdi HI, Ramlee NN, da Silva Duarte JL, Cheng YS, Selvasembian R, Amir F, de Oliveira LH, Wan Azelee NI, Meili L, Rangasamy G. A comprehensive review on nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil and USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138003. [PMID: 36731678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil-derived diesel with similar properties and several environmental benefits. Biodiesel production using conventional catalysts such as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts faces a problem regarding catalysts deactivation after repeated reaction cycles. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts (enzymes) have shown better advantages due to higher activity, recyclability, larger surface area, and improved active sites. Despite a large number of studies on this subject, there are still challenges regarding its stability, recyclability, and scale-up processes for biodiesel production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review current modifications and role of nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts and also to observe effect of various parameters on biodiesel production. Nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts demonstrate long-term stability due to strong Brønsted-Lewis acidity, larger active spots and better accessibility leading to enhancethe biodiesel production. Incorporation of metal supporting positively contributes to shorten the reaction time and enhance the longer reusability. Furthermore, proper operating parameters play a vital role to optimize the biodiesel productivity in the commercial scale process due to higher conversion, yield and selectivity with the lower process cost. This article also analyses the relationship between different types of feedstocks towards the quality and quantity of biodiesel production. Crude palm oil is convinced as the most prospective and promising feedstock due to massive production, low cost, and easily available. It also evaluates key factors and technologies for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and the USA as the biggest biodiesel production supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilman Ibnu Mahdi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Nurfadhila Nasya Ramlee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - José Leandro da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Applied Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
| | - Faisal Amir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB), Jl. Raya, RT.4/RW.1, Meruya Sel., Kec. Kembangan, Jakarta, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, 11650, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Hadlich de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Ion Exchange (LATI), Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ), State University of Maringá, Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue, Zone 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Skudai, 81310, Skudai Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Processes (LAPRO), Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Tabuleiro Dos Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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4
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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Han JL, Ding XZ, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Efficiency of an alkaline, thermostable, detergent compatible, and organic solvent tolerant lipase with hydrolytic potential in biotreatment of wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161066. [PMID: 36565882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discharging the tannery wastewater into the environment is a serious challenge worldwide due to the release of severe recalcitrant pollutants such as oil compounds and organic materials. The biological treatment through enzymatic hydrolysis is a cheap and eco-friendly method for eliminating fatty substances from wastewater. In this context, lipases can be utilized for bio-treatment of wastewater in multifaceted industrial applications. To overcome the limitations in removing pollutants in the effluent, we aimed to identify a novel robust stable lipase (PersiLipase1) from metagenomic data of tannery wastewater for effective bio-degradation of the oily wastewater pollution. The lipase displayed remarkable thermostability and maintained over 81 % of its activity at 60 °C.After prolonged incubation for 35 days at 60°C, the PersiLipase1 still maintained 53.9 % of its activity. The enzyme also retained over 67 % of its activity in a wide range of pH (4.0 to 9.0). In addition, PersiLipase1 demonstrated considerable tolerance toward metal ions and organic solvents (e.g., retaining >70% activity after the addition of 100 mM of chemicals). Hydrolysis of olive oil and sheep fat by this enzyme showed 100 % efficiency. Furthermore, the PersiLipase1 proved to be efficient for biotreatment of oil and grease from tannery wastewater with the hydrolysis efficiency of 90.76 % ± 0.88. These results demonstrated that the metagenome-derived PersiLipase1 from tannery wastewater has a promising potential for the biodegradation and management of oily wastewater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730050, China
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5
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Edera P, Langenbach J, Poutrel QA, Norvez S, Gresil M, Tournilhac F. Epoxy Vitrimer Materials by Lipase-Catalyzed Network Formation and Exchange Reactions. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:338-343. [PMID: 36802496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and reprocessing of an epoxy vitrimer material is performed in a fully biocatalyzed process wherein network formation and exchange reactions are promoted by a lipase enzyme. Binary phase diagrams are introduced to select suitable diacid/diepoxide monomer compositions overcoming the limitations (phase separation/sedimentation) imposed by curing temperature inferior than 100 °C, to protect the enzyme. The ability of lipase TL, embedded in the chemical network, to catalyze efficiently exchange reactions (transesterification) is demonstrated by combining multiple stress relaxation experiments at 70-100 °C and complete recovery of mechanical strength after several reprocessing assays (up to 3 times). Complete stress relaxation ability disappears after heating at 150 °C, due to enzyme denaturation. Transesterification vitrimers thus designed are complementary to those involving classical catalysis (e.g., using the organocatalyst triazabicyclodecene) for which complete stress relaxation is possible only at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bakkali-Hassani
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Paolo Edera
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jakob Langenbach
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Quentin-Arthur Poutrel
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sophie Norvez
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Gresil
- i-Composites Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - François Tournilhac
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
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6
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Xu K, Appiah B, Zhang BW, Yang ZH, Quan C. Recent advances in enzyme immobilization based on nanoflowers. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Gao C, Appiah B, Zou ZC, Zhang BOW, Zhou JH, Yu C, Li LL, Quan C, Yang ZH. Immobilization of Nuclease P1 Based on Hybrid Nanoflowers with Tremendously Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Stability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Bright Appiah
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - BO-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Angel Enzyme Preparation (Yichang) Co., Ltd., Yichang443000, China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Can Quan
- Center for Reference Materials Research & Management, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
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8
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Berne D, Ladmiral V, Caillol S. Transcarbamoylation in Polyurethanes: Underestimated Exchange Reactions? Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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9
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Silva HDA, Feiten M, Raspe D, Silva CDA. Hydrolysis of macauba kernel oil: ultrasound application in the substrates pre-emulsion step and effect of the process variables. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211267. [PMID: 35857967 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the application of ultrasound as a previous step to promote the substrates pre-emulsion in the hydrolysis reaction of macauba kernel oil (MKO). The ultrasound effect on the substrates pre-emulsion was evaluated on the free fatty acid (FFA) content, as well as the process variables (reaction time, percentage of catalyst Lipozyme® RM IM, and buffer solution). Reactions carried out with the substrates pre-emulsion presented higher FFA production, up to a 40 wt% increase in 1 hour of reaction, yielding 80 wt% of FFAs in 8 hours. The use of catalyst in the reaction medium, from 5 to 15 wt%, favored the FFAs production in 2 hours of reaction. Addition of 25 to 100 wt% of buffer solution led to 86 wt% of FFAs in 4 hours of reaction. Enzyme recycling resulted in a slight decrease in the FFA content, although the catalyst had maintained 85% of its initial activity after 30 h of use. Therefore, the ultrasound pre-emulsion previous step allowed a more efficient hydrolysis reaction of MKO, leading to an increase of up to 40 wt% on the FFA content, when compared to the hydrolysis without such step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa DA Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Tecnologia, Avenida Ângelo Moreira da Fonseca, 1800, Parque Danielle, 87506-370 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Mirian Feiten
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Tecnologia, Avenida Ângelo Moreira da Fonseca, 1800, Parque Danielle, 87506-370 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Djéssica Raspe
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila DA Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Tecnologia, Avenida Ângelo Moreira da Fonseca, 1800, Parque Danielle, 87506-370 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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10
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Demir V, Akgün M. New Catalysts for Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Conditions of Alcohols: A Comprehensive Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Velid Demir
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus, Esenler Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Mesut Akgün
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus, Esenler Istanbul 34220 Turkey
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11
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Application of Hierarchical Clustering to Analyze Solvent-Accessible Surface Area Patterns in Amycolatopsis lipases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050652. [PMID: 35625380 PMCID: PMC9138565 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Solvent-Accessible Surface Area (SASA) as the one dimensional structure property of the protein considers as the measuring the exposure of an amino acid residue to the solvent in one protein. It is an important structural property as the active sites of proteins are mostly located on the protein surfaces. The aim of this paper is to provide the clear information on different Amycolatopsis eburnea lipases based on the SASA patterns. This information could help in recognizing the structural stability and conformation as well as precise clustering them for revealing lipase evolution. Abstract The wealth of biological databases provides a valuable asset to understand evolution at a molecular level. This research presents the machine learning approach, an unsupervised agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis of invariant solvent accessible surface areas and conserved structural features of Amycolatopsis eburnea lipases to exploit the enzyme stability and evolution. Amycolatopsis eburnea lipase sequences were retrieved from biological database. Six structural conserved regions and their residues were identified. Total Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA) and structural conserved-SASA with unsupervised agglomerative hierarchical algorithm were clustered lipases in three distinct groups (99/96%). The minimum SASA of nucleus residues was related to Lipase-4. It is clearly shown that the overall side chain of SASA was higher than the backbone in all enzymes. The SASA pattern of conserved regions clearly showed the evolutionary conservation areas that stabilized Amycolatopsis eburnea lipase structures. This research can bring new insight in protein design based on structurally conserved SASA in lipases with the help of a machine learning approach.
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12
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Mangiagalli M, Ami D, de Divitiis M, Brocca S, Catelani T, Natalello A, Lotti M. Short-chain alcohols inactivate an immobilized industrial lipase through two different mechanisms. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100712. [PMID: 35188703 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Broadly used in biocatalysis as acyl acceptors or (co)-solvents, short-chain alcohols often cause irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Understanding the mechanisms of inactivation is a necessary step toward the optimization of biocatalytic reactions and the design of enzyme-based sustainable processes. In this work, we explored the functional and structural response of an immobilized enzyme, Novozym 435, exposed to methanol, ethanol, and tert-butanol. N-435 consists of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) adsorbed on polymethacrylate beads and finds application in a variety of processes involving the presence of short-chain alcohols. The nature of the N-435 material required the development of an ad hoc method of structural analysis, based on Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, which was complemented by catalytic activity assays and by morphological observation by transmission electron microscopy. We found that the inactivation of N-435 is highly dependent on alcohol concentration and occurs through two different mechanisms. Short-chain alcohols induce conformational changes leading to CALB aggregation, which is only partially prevented by immobilization. Moreover, alcohol modifies the texture of the solid support promoting the enzyme release. Overall, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying Novozym 435 inactivation induced by short-chain alcohols promises to overcome the limitations that usually occur during industrial processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella de Divitiis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Microscopy Facility, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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13
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Production of Jet Biofuels by Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Esters and Fatty Acids: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from fossil to bio-based fuels is a requisite for reducing CO2 emissions in the aviation sector. Jet biofuels are alternative aviation fuels with similar chemical composition and performance of fossil jet fuels. In this context, the Hydroprocessing of Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) presents the most consolidated pathway for producing jet biofuels. The process for converting esters and/or fatty acids into hydrocarbons may involve hydrodeoxygenation, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization, depending on the chemical composition of the selected feedstock and the desired fuel properties. Furthermore, the HEFA process is usually performed under high H2 pressures and temperatures, with reactions mediated by a heterogeneous catalyst. In this framework, supported noble metals have been preferably employed in the HEFA process; however, some efforts were reported to utilize non-noble metals, achieving a similar performance of noble metals. Besides the metallic site, the acidic site of the catalyst is crucial for product selectivity. Bifunctional catalysts have been employed for the complete process of jet biofuel production with standardized properties, with a special remark for using zeolites as support. The proper design of heterogeneous catalysts may also reduce the consumption of hydrogen. Finally, the potential of enzymes as catalysts for intermediate products of the HEFA pathway is highlighted.
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14
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Jadhav AH, Ikram M, Ul-Hamid A, Ali MW, Hassan NS. Sustainable biodiesel generation through catalytic transesterification of waste sources: a literature review and bibliometric survey. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1604-1627. [PMID: 35425206 PMCID: PMC8979057 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable renewable energy production is being intensely disputed worldwide because fossil fuel resources are declining gradually. One solution is biodiesel production via the transesterification process, which is environmentally feasible due to its low-emission diesel substitute. Significant issues arising with biodiesel production are the cost of the processes, which has stuck its sustainability and the applicability of different resources. In this article, the common biodiesel feedstock such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, waste oil and animal fats and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed according to the Web of Science (WOS) database over the timeframe of 1970–2020. The biodiesel feedstock has water or free fatty acid, but it will produce soap by reacting free fatty acids with an alkali catalyst when they present in high portion. This reaction is unfavourable and decreases the biodiesel product yield. This issue can be solved by designing multiple transesterification stages or by employing acidic catalysts to prevent saponification. The second solution is cheaper than the first one and even more applicable because of the abundant source of catalytic materials from a waste product such as rice husk ash, chicken eggshells, fly ash, red mud, steel slag, and coconut shell and lime mud. The overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts is summarized, and the catalyst promoters and prospects of biodiesel production are also suggested. This research provides beneficial ideas for catalyst synthesis from waste for the transesterification process economically, environmentally and industrially. Sustainable renewable energy production is being intensely disputed worldwide because fossil fuel resources are declining gradually.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN University Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Nurul Sahida Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
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15
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Macías-Alonso M, Hernández-Soto R, Carrera-Rodríguez M, Salazar-Hernández C, Mendoza-Miranda JM, Villegas-Alcaraz JF, Marrero JG. Obtention of biodiesel through an enzymatic two-step process. Study of its performance and characteristic emissions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23747-23753. [PMID: 36090409 PMCID: PMC9394349 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03578b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) in a two-step production process: hydrolysis of WCO, followed by acid-catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs). Among the three commercial enzymes evaluated, the inexpensive lipase Lipex® 100L supported on Lewatit® VP OC 1600 produced the best overall biodiesel yield (96.3%). Finally, we assessed the combustion efficiency of the obtained biodiesel and its blends. All blends tested presented lower emissions of CO and HC compared to diesel. The NOx emissions were higher due to biodiesel's high volatility and viscosity. The cost of biodiesel production was calculated using the process described. The inexpensive lipase Lipex® 100L produced biodiesel from waste cooking oil in a two-step process, with an overall yield of 96.3%.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macías-Alonso
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rosa Hernández-Soto
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Carrera-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Carmen Salazar-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mendoza-Miranda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Villegas-Alcaraz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Joaquín González Marrero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
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16
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Zaman F, Ishaq MW, Ul‐Haq N, Rahman WU, Ali MM, Ahmed F, Haq AU. Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Zaman
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials 100029 Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ishaq
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics 230026 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Noaman Ul‐Haq
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Wajeeh Ur Rahman
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Muzaffar Ali
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Anwar ul Haq
- Riphah International University Department of Basic Sciences I-14 Campus 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
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17
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Biological Methods in Biodiesel Production and Their Environmental Impact. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This publication presents the technologies of enzymatic biodiesel production in comparison to the conventional methods using acid and base catalysts. Transesterification with conventional catalysts has some disadvantages, and for this reason, alternative methods of biodiesel production have been investigated. These solutions include the replacement of chemical catalysts with biological ones, which show substrate specificity in relation to fats. Replacing chemical with biological catalysts causes elimination of some disadvantages of chemical processes, for instance: high temperatures of reaction, problematic process of glycerol purification, higher alcohol-to-oil molar ratios, and soap formation. Moreover, it causes operational cost reduction and has a positive environmental impact. This is due to the lower temperature of the process, which in turn translates into lower cost of equipment and lower GHG emissions associated with the need to provide less heat to the process. The increase of biofuels’ demand has led to the technology of enzymatic biodiesel production being constantly being developed. This research mainly focuses on the possibility of obtaining cheaper and more effective biocatalysts, as well as increasing the durability of enzyme immobilization on different materials.
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18
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Salinity stress as a critical factor to trigger lipid accumulation in a freshwater microalga Lobochlamys sp. GUEco1006. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Mathew GM, Raina D, Narisetty V, Kumar V, Saran S, Pugazhendi A, Sindhu R, Pandey A, Binod P. Recent advances in biodiesel production: Challenges and solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148751. [PMID: 34218145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mono alkyl fatty acid ester or methyl ethyl esters (biodiesel) are the promising alternative for fossil fuel or petroleum derived diesel with similar properties and could reduce the carbon foot print and the greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from renewable and sustainable feedstocks like plant derived oils, and it is biodegradable and non-toxic to the ecosystem. The process for the biodiesel production is either through traditional chemical catalysts (Acid or Alkali Transesterification) or enzyme mediated transesterification, but as enzymes are natural catalysts with environmentally friendly working conditions, the process with enzymes are proposed to overcome the drawbacks of chemical synthesis. At present 95% of the biodiesel production is contributed by edible oils worldwide whereas recycled oils and animal fats contribute 10% and 6% respectively. Although every process has its own limitations, the enzyme efficiency, resistance to alcohols, and recovery rate are the crucial factors to be addressed. Without any benefit of doubt, production of biodiesel using renewable feedstocks and enzymes as the catalysts could be recommended for the commercial purpose, but further research on improving the efficiency could be an advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy Marina Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Diksha Raina
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivek Narisetty
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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20
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Sundaramahalingam MA, Amrutha C, Sivashanmugam P, Rajeshbanu J. An encapsulated report on enzyme-assisted transesterification with an allusion to lipase. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 34790505 PMCID: PMC8557240 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable, sulfur-free, toxic-free, and low carbon fuel which possesses enhanced lubricity. Transesterification is the easiest method employed for the production of biodiesel, in which the oil is transformed into biodiesel. Biocatalyst-mediated transesterification is more advantageous than chemical process because of its non-toxic nature, the requirement of mild reaction conditions, absence of saponification, easy product recovery, and production of high-quality biodiesel. Lipases are found to be the primary enzymes in enzyme-mediated transesterification process. Currently, researchers are using lipases as biocatalyst for transesterification. Lipases are extracted from various sources such as plants, microbes, and animals. Biocatalyst-based biodiesel production is not yet commercialized due to high-cost of purified enzymes and higher reaction time for the production process. However, research works are growing in the area of various cost-effective techniques for immobilizing lipase to improve its reusability. And further reduction in the production cost of lipases can be achieved by genetic engineering techniques. The reduction in reaction time can be achieved through ultrasonic-assisted biocatalytic transesterification. Biodiesel production by enzymatic transesterification is affected by many factors. Various methods have been developed to control these factors and improve biodiesel production. This report summarizes the various sources of lipase, various production strategies for lipase and the lipase-mediated transesterification. It is fully focused on the lipase enzyme and its role in biodiesel production. It also covers the detailed explanation of various influencing factors, which affect the lipase-mediated transesterification along with the limitations and scope of lipase in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Sundaramahalingam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
| | - C. Amrutha
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
| | - P. Sivashanmugam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
| | - J. Rajeshbanu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India
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21
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Almeida FLC, Castro MPJ, Travália BM, Forte MBS. Erratum to “Trends in lipase immobilization: Bibliometric review and patent analysis” [Process Biochem. 110 (2021) 37–51]. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Almeida FLC, Castro MPJ, Travália BM, Forte MBS. Trends in lipase immobilization: Bibliometric review and patent analysis. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The demand for ecofriendly green catalysts for biofuel synthesis is greatly increasing with the effects of fossil fuel depletion. Fungal lipases are abundantly used as biocatalysts for the synthesis of biofuel. The use of Botrytis cinerea lipase is an excellent approach for the conversion of agroindustrial residues into biofuel. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were carried out and the physicochemical properties of B. cinerea lipase were assessed. Furthermore, the protein structure of B. cinerea lipase was predicted and refined. Putative energy-rich phytolipid compounds were explored as a substrate for the synthesis of biofuel, owing to B. cinerea lipase catalysis. Approximately 161 plant-based fatty acids were docked with B. cinerea lipase in order to evaluate their binding affinities and interactions. Among the docked fatty acids, the top ten triglycerides having the lowest number of binding affinities with B. cinerea lipase were selected, and their interactions were assessed. The top three triglycerides having the greatest number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were selected for simulations of 20 ns. The docking and simulations revealed that docosahexaenoic acid, dicranin, and hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid had stable bonding with the B. cinerea lipase. Therefore, B. cinerea lipase has the potential to be used for the transesterification of fatty acids into biofuels, whereas docosahexaenoic acid, dicranin, and hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid can be used as substrates of B. cinerea lipase for biofuel synthesis.
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24
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Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides are the main constituents of lipids, which are the fatty acids of glycerol. Natural organic triglycerides (viz. virgin vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) are the main sources for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification. Previous research has proven that biodiesel–diesel blends can operate the compression ignition engine without the need for significant modifications. However, the commercialization of biodiesel is still limited due to the high cost of production. In this sense, the transesterification route is a crucial factor in determining the total cost of biodiesel production. Homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification, industrially, is the conventional method to produce biodiesel. However, this method suffers from limitations both environmentally and economically. Although there are review articles on transesterification, most of them focus on a specific type of transesterification process and hence do not provide a comprehensive picture. This paper reviews the latest progress in research on all facets of transesterification technology from reports published by highly-rated scientific journals in the last two decades. The review focuses on the suggested modifications to the conventional method and the most promising innovative technologies. The potentiality of each technology to produce biodiesel from low-quality feedstock is also discussed.
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25
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Intasian P, Prakinee K, Phintha A, Trisrivirat D, Weeranoppanant N, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Enzymes, In Vivo Biocatalysis, and Metabolic Engineering for Enabling a Circular Economy and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10367-10451. [PMID: 34228428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the utilization of petroleum-based chemicals. These developments have followed a linear economy model (produce, consume, and dispose). As the world is facing a serious threat from the climate change crisis, a more sustainable solution for manufacturing, i.e., circular economy in which waste from the same or different industries can be used as feedstocks or resources for production offers an attractive industrial/business model. In nature, biological systems, i.e., microorganisms routinely use their enzymes and metabolic pathways to convert organic and inorganic wastes to synthesize biochemicals and energy required for their growth. Therefore, an understanding of how selected enzymes convert biobased feedstocks into special (bio)chemicals serves as an important basis from which to build on for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology to enable biobased processes that are greener and cleaner for the environment. This review article highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the enzymatic reactions used in converting biobased wastes (lignocellulosic biomass, sugar, phenolic acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into value-added products and discusses the current progress made in their metabolic engineering. The commercial aspects and life cycle assessment of products from enzymatic and metabolic engineering are also discussed. Continued development in the field of metabolic engineering would offer diversified solutions which are sustainable and renewable for manufacturing valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawan Intasian
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kridsadakorn Prakinee
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Aisaraphon Phintha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169, Long-hard Bangsaen, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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26
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Cirujano FG, Dhakshinamoorthy A. Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Cirujano
- Institute of Molecular Science (ICMOL) Universidad de Valencia 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain
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27
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Mazzei R, Yihdego Gebreyohannes A, Papaioannou E, Nunes SP, Vankelecom IFJ, Giorno L. Enzyme catalysis coupled with artificial membranes towards process intensification in biorefinery- a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125248. [PMID: 33991878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, for the first time, the conjugation of the major types of enzymes used in biorefineries and the membrane processes to develop different configurations of MBRs, was analyzedfor the production of biofuels, phytotherapics and food ingredients. In particular, the aim is to critically review all the works related to the application of MBR in biorefinery, highlighting the advantages and the main drawbacks which can interfere with the development of this system at industrial scale. Alternatives strategies to overcome main limits will be also described in the different application fields, such as the use of biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles associated with membrane processes for enzyme re-use and membrane cleaning or the membrane fouling control by the use of integrated membrane process associated with MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Mazzei
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87030 Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
| | - Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Emmaouil Papaioannou
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Suzana P Nunes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group, Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidietta Giorno
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87030 Rende (Cosenza), Italy
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28
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Sharma A, Melo JS, Prakash R, Tejo Prakash N. Lab-scale production of biodiesel from soybean acid oil using immobilized whole cells as catalyst. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1964486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Jose S. Melo
- NA&BTD, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ranjana Prakash
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - N. Tejo Prakash
- School of Energy & Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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29
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Ling FWM, Abdulbari HA, Chin SY. Microfluidic Chips for Formulation of Silica Nanoparticles and Enzyme Immobilization. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona W. M. Ling
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (Fluid Centre) 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Hayder A. Abdulbari
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (Fluid Centre) 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Sim-Yee Chin
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (Fluid Centre) 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
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30
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Najjar A, Hassan EA, Zabermawi N, Saber SH, Bajrai LH, Almuhayawi MS, Abujamel TS, Almasaudi SB, Azhar LE, Moulay M, Harakeh S. Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13659. [PMID: 34211018 PMCID: PMC8249636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm-1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Najjar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elhagag Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Nidal Zabermawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad B Almasaudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena E Azhar
- Preventive Medicine, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Influence of the chain length of the fatty acids present in different oils and the pore diameter of the support on the catalytic activity of immobilized lipase for ethyl ester production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rahman MS, Brown J, Murphy R, Carnes S, Carey B, Averick S, Konkolewicz D, Page RC. Polymer Modification of Lipases, Substrate Interactions, and Potential Inhibition. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:309-318. [PMID: 33416313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An industrially important enzyme, Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), was modified with a range of functional polymers including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, anionic, and cationic character using a "grafting to" approach. We determined the impact of polymer chain length on CalB activity by synthesizing biohybrids of CalB with each polymer at three different chain lengths, using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The activity of CalB in both aqueous and aqueous-organic media mixtures was significantly enhanced for acrylamide (Am) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAm) conjugates, with activity remaining approximately constant in 25 and 50% ethanol solvent systems. Interestingly, the activity of N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-acrylamide (DMAPA) conjugates increased gradually with increasing organic solvent content in the system. Contrary to other literature reports, our study showed significantly diminished activity for hydrophobic polymer-protein conjugates. Functional thermal stability assays also displayed a considerable enhancement of retained activity of Am, DMAm, and DMAPA conjugates compared to the native CalB enzyme. Thus, this study provides an insight into possible advances in lipase production, which can lead to new improved lipase bioconjugates with increased activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharfin Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Julian Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Reena Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Sydney Carnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Ben Carey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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Shahedi M, Habibi Z, Yousefi M, Brask J, Mohammadi M. Improvement of biodiesel production from palm oil by co-immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase and Candida antarctica lipase B: Optimization using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:490-502. [PMID: 33383081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and Thermomyces lanuginose lipase (TLL) were co-immobilized on epoxy functionalized silica gel via an isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction. The immobilization process was carried out in water (pH 7) at 25 °C, rapidly (3 h) resulting in high immobilization yields (100%) with a loading of 10 mg enzyme/g support. The immobilized preparations were used to produce biodiesel by transesterification of palm oil. In an optimization study, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD) methods were used to study the effect of five independent factors including temperature, methanol to oil ratio, t-butanol concentration and CALB:TLL ratio on the yield of biodiesel production. The optimum combinations for the reaction were CALB:TLL ratio (2.1:1), t-butanol (45 wt%), temperature (47 °C), methanol: oil ratio (2.3). This resulted in a FAME yield of 94%, very close to the predicted value of 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Bhatt C, Nielsen PM, Rancke-Madsen A, Woodley JM. Combining technology with liquid-formulated lipases for in-spec biodiesel production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:7-19. [PMID: 33179313 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic biodiesel production has been at the forefront of biofuels research in recent decades because of the significant environmental advantages it offers, while having the potential to be as effective as conventional chemically catalyzed biodiesel production. However, the higher capital cost, longer reaction time, and sensitivity of enzyme processes have restricted their widespread industrial adoption so far. It is also posited that the lack of research to bring the biodiesel product into final specification has scuppered industrial confidence in the viability of the enzymatic process. Furthermore, the vast majority of literature has focused on the development of immobilized enzyme processes, which seem too costly (and risky) to be used industrially. There has been little focus on liquid lipase formulations such as the Eversa Transform 2.0, which is in fact already used commercially for triglyceride transesterification. It is the objective of this review to highlight new research that focuses on bringing enzymatically produced biodiesel into specification via a liquid lipase polishing process, and the process considerations that come with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Bhatt
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Cavali M, Bueno A, Fagundes AP, Priamo WL, Bilibio D, Mibielli GM, Wancura JH, Bender JP, Oliveira JV. Liquid lipase-mediated production of biodiesel from agroindustrial waste. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Cascade reactions are the basis of life in nature and are adapted to research and industry in an increasing manner. The focus of this study is the production of the high-value aromatic ester cinnamyl cinnamate, which can be applied in flavors and fragrances. A three-enzyme cascade was established to realize the synthesis, starting from the corresponding aldehyde with in situ cofactor regeneration in a two-phase system. After characterization of the enzymes, a screening with different organic solvents was carried out, whereby xylene was found to be the most suitable solvent for the second phase. The reaction stability of the formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii is the limiting step during cofactor regeneration. However, the applied enzyme cascade showed an overall yield of 54%. After successful application on lab scale, the limitation by the FDH was overcome by immobilization of the enzymes and an optimized downstream process, transferring the cascade into a miniplant. The upscaling resulted in an increased yield for the esterification, as well as overall yields of 37%.
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38
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Hansen R, Agerbaek M, Nielsen P, Rancke-Madsen A, Woodley J. Esterification using a liquid lipase to remove residual free fatty acids in biodiesel. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kurtovic I, Nalder TD, Cleaver H, Marshall SN. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on a highly hydrophobic support: A stable immobilised lipase suitable for non-aqueous synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00535. [PMID: 33088731 PMCID: PMC7566202 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Candida rugosa (CrL) was immobilised on highly hydrophobic, octadecyl methacrylate resin (Lifetech™ ECR8806M) via interfacial adsorption. The aim was to produce a stable biocatalyst suitable for use in a range of lipid-modifying reactions. Immobilisation was carried out in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) over 24 h at 21 °C. High protein binding of 58.7 ± 4.9 mg/g dry support accounted for ∼53 % of the applied protein. The activity recovery against tributyrin was 74.0 ± 1.1 %. The specific activity of immobilised CrL against tributyrin was considerably higher than that of Novozym® 435, at 1.79 ± 0.05 and 1.08 ± 0.04 U/mg bound protein, respectively. Incubation with high concentrations (10 % w/v) of both Triton X-100 and SDS resulted in only a small reduction in immobilised lipase activity. Solvent-free synthesis of glycerides by the FFA-saturated immobilised CrL was successful over 6 reaction cycles, with no apparent loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Tim D Nalder
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cleaver
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Susan N Marshall
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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40
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Lipase-Catalysed In Situ Transesterification of Waste Rapeseed Oil to Produce Diesel-Biodiesel Blends. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil of high acidity, an agricultural industry by-product unsuitable for food, was used as an inexpensive raw material for the production of biodiesel fuel. The use of rapeseed oil that is unsuitable for food and lipase as a catalyst makes the biodiesel production process environmentally friendly. Simultaneous oil extraction and in situ transesterification using diesel as an extraction solvent was investigated to obtain a diesel-biodiesel blend. The diesel and rapeseed oil blend ratio was 9:1 (w/w). The enzymatic production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil with high acidity and methanol using eleven different lipases as biocatalysts was studied. The most effective biocatalyst, lipase—Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus), which is suitable for in situ transesterification—was selected, and the conversion of rapeseed oil into fatty acid methyl ester was evaluated. The influence of the amount of methanol and lipase, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were investigated to achieve the highest degree of transesterification. The optimal reaction conditions, when the methanol to oil molar ratio was 5:1, were found to be a reaction time of 5 h, a reaction temperature of 25 °C and a lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) concentration of 5% (based on oil weight). Under these optimal conditions, 99.90% (w/w) of the rapeseed oil was extracted from the seed and transesterified. The degree of transesterification obtained was 98.76% (w/w). Additionally, the glyceride content in the biodiesel fuel was investigated and met the requirements perfectly.
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41
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Composites of Crosslinked Aggregates of Eversa® Transform and Magnetic Nanoparticles. Performance in the Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eversa® Transform 2.0 has been launched to be used in free form, but its immobilization may improve its performance. This work aimed to optimize the immobilization of Eversa® Transform 2.0 by the crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique, using almost all the available tools to improve its performance. Several variables in the CLEA preparation were optimized to improve the recovered activity, such as precipitant nature and crosslinker concentration. Moreover, some feeders were co-precipitated to improve the crosslinking step, such as bovine serum albumin, soy protein, or polyethyleneimine. Starch (later enzymatically degraded) was utilized as a porogenic agent to decrease the substrate diffusion limitations. Silica magnetic nanoparticles were also utilized to simplify the CLEA handling, but it was found that a large percentage of the Eversa activity could be immobilized on these nanoparticles before aggregation. The best CLEA protocol gave a 98.9% immobilization yield and 30.1% recovered activity, exhibited a porous structure, and an excellent performance in the transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol: 89.8 wt% of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) yield after 12 h of reaction, while the free enzyme required a 48 h reaction to give the same yield. A caustic polishing step of the product yielded a biodiesel containing 98.9 wt% of FAEEs and a free fatty acids content lower than 0.25%, thus the final product met the international standards for biodiesel. The immobilized biocatalyst could be reused for at least five 12 h-batches maintaining 89.6% of the first-batch yield, showing the efficient catalyst recovery by applying an external magnetic field.
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42
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Woodley JM. Towards the sustainable production of bulk-chemicals using biotechnology. N Biotechnol 2020; 59:59-64. [PMID: 32693028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of new routes for the production of sustainable bulk-chemicals requires focus on feedstock, conversion technology and downstream product recovery. This brief article discusses some of the constraints with using fermentation and suggests the removal of some constraints by using microbial biocatalysis or enzyme biocatalysis, which give a number of benefits in the context of the requirements for bulk-chemical production. Some potential process concepts are described, for products in the suitable low-price range. These examples (biodiesel, furfurals and amines) are used to illustrate the power of biocatalysis. Suggestions for future research efforts beyond molecular biology, involving process-based concepts, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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43
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Moreira KDS, de Oliveira ALB, Júnior LSDM, Monteiro RRC, da Rocha TN, Menezes FL, Fechine LMUD, Denardin JC, Michea S, Freire RM, Fechine PBA, Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Lipase From Rhizomucor miehei Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Performance in Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) Optimized Production by the Taguchi Method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:693. [PMID: 32695765 PMCID: PMC7338345 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this communication, it was evaluated the production of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAAE) from the free fatty acids of babassu oil catalyzed by lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), Fe3O4@APTES-RML or RML-MNP for short. MNPs were prepared by co-precipitation coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and used as a support to immobilize RML (immobilization yield: 94.7 ± 1.0%; biocatalyst activity: 341.3 ± 1.2 Up–NPB/g), which were also activated with glutaraldehyde and then used to immobilize RML (immobilization yield: 91.9 ± 0.2%; biocatalyst activity: 199.6 ± 3.5 Up–NPB/g). RML-MNP was characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), proving the incorporation and immobilization of RML on the APTES matrix. In addition, the immobilized biocatalyst presented at 60°C a half-life 16–19 times greater than that of the soluble lipase in the pH range 5–10. RML and RML-MNP showed higher activity at pH 7; the immobilized enzyme was more active than the free enzyme in the pH range (5–10) analyzed. For the production of fatty acid ethyl ester, under optimal conditions [40°C, 6 h, 1:1 (FFAs/alcohol)] determined by the Taguchi method, it was possible to obtain conversion of 81.7 ± 0.7% using 5% of RML-MNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerine da S Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - André L B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lourembergue S de M Júnior
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Thays N da Rocha
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Menezes
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-chemistry, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lillian M U D Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-chemistry, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Juliano C Denardin
- Departamento de Física/Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Michea
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael M Freire
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pierre B A Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-chemistry, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria C M Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
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44
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A Review on Bio-Based Catalysts (Immobilized Enzymes) Used for Biodiesel Production. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The continuous increase of the world’s population results in an increased demand for energy drastically from the industrial and domestic sectors as well. Moreover, the current public awareness regarding issues such as pollution and overuse of petroleum fuel has resulted in the development of research approaches concerning alternative renewable energy sources. Amongst the various options for renewable energies used in transportation systems, biodiesel is considered the most suitable replacement for fossil-based diesel. In what concerns the industrial application for biodiesel production, homogeneous catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid are usually selected, but their removal after reaction could prove to be rather complex and sometimes polluting, resulting in increases on the production costs. Therefore, there is an open field for research on new catalysts regarding biodiesel production, which can comprise heterogeneous catalysts. Apart from that, there are other alternatives to these chemical catalysts. Enzymatic catalysts have also been used in biodiesel production by employing lipases as biocatalysts. For economic reasons, and reusability and recycling, the lipases urged to be immobilized on suitable supports, thus the concept of heterogeneous biocatalysis comes in existence. Just like other heterogeneous catalytic materials, this one also presents similar issues with inefficiency and mass-transfer limitations. A solution to overcome the said limitations can be to consider the use of nanostructures to support enzyme immobilization, thus obtaining new heterogeneous biocatalysts. This review mainly focuses on the application of enzymatic catalysts as well as nano(bio)catalysts in transesterification reaction and their multiple methods of synthesis.
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45
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Microwave-assisted production of biodiesel using metal-organic framework Mg3(bdc)3(H2O)2. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual oil from babassu (Orbignya sp.), a low-cost raw material, was used in the enzymatic esterification for biodiesel production, using lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym® 435) and ethanol. For the first time in the literature, residual babassu oil and Novozym® 435 are being investigated to obtain biodiesel. In this communication, response surface methodology (RSM) and a central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the esterification and study the effects of four factors (molar ratio (1:1–1:16, free fatty acids (FFAs) /alcohol), temperature (30–50 °C), biocatalyst content (0.05–0.15 g) and reaction time (2–6 h)) in the conversion into fatty acid ethyl esters. Under optimized conditions (1:18 molar ratio (FFAs/alcohol), 0.14 g of Novozym® 435, 48 °C and 4 h), the conversion into ethyl esters was 96.8%. It was found that after 10 consecutive cycles of esterification under optimal conditions, Novozym® 435 showed a maximum loss of activity of 5.8%, suggesting a very small change in the support/enzyme ratio proved by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and insignificant changes in the surface of Novozym® 435 proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the 10 consecutive cycles of esterification.
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47
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Zieniuk B, Wołoszynowska M, Białecka-Florjańczyk E. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel by Direct Transesterification of Rapeseed Cake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIncrease in energy demand and limited sources of fossil fuels force the world’s population to seek new energy sources Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of oils with an alcohol in the presence of catalysts is an example of renewable fuel. The aim of the study was to assess the best conditions for enzymatic biodiesel synthesis by direct transesterification of rapeseed cake using Taguchi method. The influence of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol), temperature (30–60 °C), C. antarctica lipase B concentration (0.5–2 %), time (6–48 h) and rapeseed cake to alcohol ratio (1:2–1:5) was examined in the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters. Optimum conditions for direct enzymatic transesterification of rapeseed cake are: 30 °C, 12 h, 0.5 % of lipase and ethanol in 4:1 ratio to rapeseed cake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., Warsaw02-776, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wołoszynowska
- Analytical Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, 6 Annopol St., Warsaw03-236, Poland
| | - Ewa Białecka-Florjańczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., Warsaw02-776, Poland
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Zhong L, Feng Y, Wang G, Wang Z, Bilal M, Lv H, Jia S, Cui J. Production and use of immobilized lipases in/on nanomaterials: A review from the waste to biodiesel production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:207-222. [PMID: 32109471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As a highly efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalyst, immobilized lipase has received incredible interest among the biotechnology community for the production of biodiesel. Nanomaterials possess high enzyme loading, low mass transfer limitation, and good dispersibility, making them suitable biocatalytic supports for biodiesel production. In addition to traditional nanomaterials such as nano‑silicon, magnetic nanoparticles and nano metal particles, novel nanostructured forms such as nanoflowers, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have also been studied for biodiesel production in the recent years. However, some problems still exist that need to be overcome in achieving large-scale biodiesel production using immobilized lipase on/in nanomaterials. This article mainly presents an overview of the current and state-of-the-art research on biodiesel production by immobilized lipases in/on nanomaterials. Various immobilization strategies of lipase on various advanced nanomaterial supports and its applications in biodiesel production are highlighted. Influential factors such as source of lipase, immobilization methods, feedstocks, and production process are also critically discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in developing immobilized lipase-based biocatalytic systems for high-level production of biodiesel from waste resources are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Hexin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Shiru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Abstract
The excessive consumption of petroleum resources leads to global warming, fast depletion of petroleum reserves, as well as price instability of gasoline. Thus, there is a strong need for alternative renewable fuels to replace petroleum-derived fuels. The striking features of an alternative fuel include the low carbon footprints, renewability and affordability at manageable prices. Biodiesel, made from waste oils, animal fats, vegetal oils, is a totally renewable and non-toxic liquid fuel which has gained significant attraction in the world. Due to technological advancements in catalytic chemistry, biodiesel can be produced from a variety of feedstock employing a variety of catalysts and recovery technologies. Recently, several ground-breaking advancements have been made in nano-catalyst technology which showed the symmetrical correlation with cost competitive biodiesel production. Nanocatalysts have unique properties such as their selective reactivity, high activation energy and controlled rate of reaction, easy recovery and recyclability. Here, we present an overview of various feedstock used for biodiesel production, their composition and characteristics. The major focus of this review is to appraise the characterization of nanocatalysts, their effect on biodiesel production and methodologies of biodiesel production.
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Piligaev AV, Sorokina KN, Samoylova YV, Parmon VN. Production of Microalgal Biomass with High Lipid Content and Their Catalytic Processing Into Biodiesel: a Review. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s207005041904007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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