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Mohammadi M, Alian M, Dale B, Ubanwa B, Balan V. Multifaced application of AFEX-pretreated biomass in producing second-generation biofuels, ruminant animal feed, and value-added bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108341. [PMID: 38499256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass holds a crucial position in the prospective bio-based economy, serving as a sustainable and renewable source for a variety of bio-based products. These products play a vital role in displacing fossil fuels and contributing to environmental well-being. However, the inherent recalcitrance of biomass poses a significant obstacle to the efficient access of sugar polymers. Consequently, the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars remains a prominent challenge in biorefinery processes to produce biofuels and biochemicals. In addressing these challenges, extensive efforts have been dedicated to mitigating biomass recalcitrance through diverse pretreatment methods. One noteworthy process is Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) pretreatment, characterized by its dry-to-dry nature and minimal water usage. The volatile ammonia, acting as a catalyst in the process, is recyclable. AFEX contributes to cleaning biomass ester linkages and facilitating the opening of cell wall structures, enhancing enzyme accessibility and leading to a fivefold increase in sugar conversion compared to untreated biomass. Over the last decade, AFEX has demonstrated substantial success in augmenting the efficiency of biomass conversion processes. This success has unlocked the potential for sustainable and economically viable biorefineries. This paper offers a comprehensive review of studies focusing on the utilization of AFEX-pretreated biomass in the production of second-generation biofuels, ruminant feed, and additional value-added bioproducts like enzymes, lipids, proteins, and mushrooms. It delves into the details of the AFEX pretreatment process at both laboratory and pilot scales, elucidates the mechanism of action, and underscores the role of AFEX in the biorefinery for developing biofuels and bioproducts, and nutritious ruminant animal feed production. While highlighting the strides made, the paper also addresses current challenges in the commercialization of AFEX pretreatment within biorefineries. Furthermore, it outlines critical considerations that must be addressed to overcome these challenges, ensuring the continued progress and widespread adoption of AFEX in advancing sustainable and economically viable bio-based industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mohammadi
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA
| | - Mahsa Alian
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA
| | - Bruce Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bryan Ubanwa
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX 77479, USA.
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2
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Wang M, Qiao J, Sheng Y, Wei J, Cui H, Li X, Yue G. Bioconversion of corn fiber to bioethanol: Status and perspectives. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:256-268. [PMID: 36577277 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising demand for green energy, bioethanol has attracted increasing attention from academia and industry. Limited by the bottleneck of bioethanol yield in traditional corn starch dry milling processes, an increasing number of studies focus on fully utilizing all corn ingredients, especially kernel fiber, to further improve the bioethanol yield. This mini-review addresses the technological challenges and opportunities on the way to achieving the efficient conversion of corn fiber. Significant advances during the review period include the detailed characterization of different forms of corn kernel fiber and the development of off-line and in-situ conversion strategies. Lessons from cellulosic ethanol technologies offer new ways to utilize corn fiber in traditional processes. However, the commercialization of corn kernel fiber conversion may be hampered by enzyme cost, conversion efficiency, and overall process economics. Thus, future studies should address these technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qiao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Sheng
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wei
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guojun Yue
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100034, China
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3
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Continuous enzymatic saccharification and its rheology profiling under high solids loading of lignocellulose biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Robak K, Balcerek M. Current state-of-the-art in ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126534. [PMID: 32683278 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The renewable lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable feedstock for the production of bioethanol, which shows the potential to replace fossil fuels. Due to the recalcitrant structure of plant cell wall made of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, the biomass conversion process requires the use of efficient pretreatment process before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to degrade the crystallinity of cellulose fibres and to remove lignin from biomass. Proper pretreatment techniques, economical production of cellulolytic enzymes, and effective fermentation of glucose and xylose in the presence of inhibitors are key challenges for the viable production of bioethanol. Although new strains capable of fermenting xylose are being designed, they are often not resistant to toxic compounds in hydrolysates. This paper provides an in-depth review of lignocellulosic bioethanol production via biochemical route, focusing on the most widely used pretreatment technologies and key operational conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation considering sugar/ethanol yields. In addition, this review examines the relevant detoxification strategies for the removal of toxic substances and the importance of immobilization. The review also indicates potential usage of engineered microorganisms to improve glucose and xylose fermentation, cellulolytic enzymes production, and response to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Robak
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Maria Balcerek
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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5
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Ko JK, Jung JH, Altpeter F, Kannan B, Kim HE, Kim KH, Alper HS, Um Y, Lee SM. Largely enhanced bioethanol production through the combined use of lignin-modified sugarcane and xylose fermenting yeast strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:312-320. [PMID: 29455099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass is a major barrier in efficient biomass-to-ethanol bioconversion processes. The combination of feedstock engineering via modification in the lignin synthesis pathway of sugarcane and co-fermentation of xylose and glucose with a recombinant xylose utilizing yeast strain produced 148% more ethanol compared to that of the wild type biomass and control strain. The lignin reduced biomass led to a substantially increased release of fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose). The engineered yeast strain efficiently co-utilized glucose and xylose for fermentation, elevating ethanol yields. In this study, it was experimentally demonstrated that the combined efforts of engineering both feedstock and microorganisms largely enhances the bioconversion of lignocellulosic feedstock to bioethanol. This strategy will significantly improve the economic feasibility of lignocellulosic biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Kyong Ko
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Center for Natural Products Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, IFAS, PO Box 110300, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, IFAS, PO Box 110300, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Youngsoon Um
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jin M, Sarks C, Bals BD, Posawatz N, Gunawan C, Dale BE, Balan V. Toward high solids loading process for lignocellulosic biofuel production at a low cost. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:980-989. [PMID: 27888662 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High solids loadings (>18 wt%) in enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are desired for lignocellulosic biofuel production at a high titer and low cost. However, sugar conversion and ethanol yield decrease with increasing solids loading. The factor(s) limiting sugar conversion at high solids loading is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of solids loading on simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of AFEX™ (ammonia fiber expansion) pretreated corn stover for ethanol production using a xylose fermenting strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST). Decreased sugar conversion and ethanol yield with increasing solids loading were also observed. End-product (ethanol) was proven to be the major cause of this issue and increased degradation products with increasing solids loading was also a cause. For the first time, we show that with in situ removal of end-product by performing SSCF aerobically, sugar conversion stopped decreasing with increasing solids loading and monomeric sugar conversion reached as high as 93% at a high solids loading of 24.9 wt%. Techno-economic analysis was employed to explore the economic possibilities of cellulosic ethanol production at high solids loadings. The results suggest that low-cost in situ removal of ethanol during SSCF would significantly improve the economics of high solids loading processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 980-989. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cory Sarks
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bryan D Bals
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nick Posawatz
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Christa Gunawan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
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7
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Chong GG, He YC, Liu QX, Kou XQ, Huang XJ, Di JH, Ma CL. Effective enzymatic in situ saccharification of bamboo shoot shell pretreated by dilute alkalic salts sodium hypochlorite/sodium sulfide pretreatment under the autoclave system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:726-734. [PMID: 28628976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, dilute alkali salts (0.6% NaClO, 0.067% Na2S) pretreatment at 10% sulfidity under the autoclave system at 120°C for 40min was used for pretreating bamboo shoot shell (BSS). Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD and SEM were employed to characterize the changes in the cellulose structural characteristics (porosity, morphology, and crystallinity) of the pretreated BSS solid residue. After 72h, the reducing sugars and glucose from the enzymatic in situ hydrolysis of 50g/L pretreated BSS in dilute NaClO/Na2S media could be obtained at 31.11 and 20.32g/L, respectively. Finally, the obtained BSS-hydrolysates containing alkalic salt NaClO/Na2S resulted in slightly negative effects on the ethanol production. Glucose in BSS-hydrolysates was fermented from 20.0 to 0.17g/L within 48h, and an ethanol yield of 0.41g/g glucose, which represents 80.1% of the theoretical yield, was obtained. This study provided an effective strategy for potential utilization of BSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Gang Chong
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiu-Xiang Liu
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Kou
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hua Di
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cui-Luan Ma
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Scott F, Aroca G, Caballero JA, Conejeros R. A generalized disjunctive programming framework for the optimal synthesis and analysis of processes for ethanol production from corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:212-224. [PMID: 28411493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the techno-economic performance of process configurations for ethanol production involving solid-liquid separators and reactors in the saccharification and fermentation stage, a family of process configurations where few alternatives have been proposed. Since including these process alternatives creates a large number of possible process configurations, a framework for process synthesis and optimization is proposed. This approach is supported on kinetic models fed with experimental data and a plant-wide techno-economic model. Among 150 process configurations, 40 show an improved MESP compared to a well-documented base case (BC), almost all include solid separators and some show energy retrieved in products 32% higher compared to the BC. Moreover, 16 of them also show a lower capital investment per unit of ethanol produced per year. Several of the process configurations found in this work have not been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Scott
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Bioenercel S.A. Barrio Universitario s/n, Ideaincuba Building, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Germán Aroca
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Bioenercel S.A. Barrio Universitario s/n, Ideaincuba Building, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Antonio Caballero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, Ap Correos 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Bioenercel S.A. Barrio Universitario s/n, Ideaincuba Building, Concepción, Chile
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9
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Jin M, Liu Y, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Balan V. Development of rapid bioconversion with integrated recycle technology for ethanol production from extractive ammonia pretreated corn stover. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1713-1720. [PMID: 28369757 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High enzyme loading and low productivity are two major issues impeding low cost ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. This work applied rapid bioconversion with integrated recycle technology (RaBIT) and extractive ammonia (EA) pretreatment for conversion of corn stover (CS) to ethanol at high solids loading. Enzymes were recycled via recycling unhydrolyzed solids. Enzymatic hydrolysis with recycled enzymes and fermentation with recycled yeast cells were studied. Both enzymatic hydrolysis time and fermentation time were shortened to 24 h. Ethanol productivity was enhanced by two times and enzyme loading was reduced by 30%. Glucan and xylan conversions reached as high as 98% with an enzyme loading of as low as 8.4 mg protein per g glucan. The overall ethanol yield was 227 g ethanol/kg EA-CS (191 g ethanol/kg untreated CS). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1713-1720. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yanping Liu
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
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10
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Zhang T, Zhu MJ. Enhanced bioethanol production by fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation at high solid loading of Fenton reaction and sodium hydroxide sequentially pretreated sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 229:204-210. [PMID: 28119226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study on the fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of Fenton reaction combined with NaOH pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) at a high solid loading of 10-30% (w/v) was investigated. Enzyme feeding mode, substrate feeding mode and combination of both were compared with the batch mode under respective solid loadings. Ethanol concentrations of above 80g/L were obtained in batch and enzyme feeding modes at a solid loading of 30% (w/v). Enzyme feeding mode was found to increase ethanol productivity and reduce enzyme loading to a value of 1.23g/L/h and 9FPU/g substrate, respectively. The present study provides an economically feasible process for high concentration bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Montella S, Ventorino V, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Pepe O, Faraco V. Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42623. [PMID: 28198423 PMCID: PMC5309792 DOI: 10.1038/srep42623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Montella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincent Lombard
- CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
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12
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Stoklosa RJ, Del Pilar Orjuela A, da Costa Sousa L, Uppugundla N, Williams DL, Dale BE, Hodge DB, Balan V. Techno-economic comparison of centralized versus decentralized biorefineries for two alkaline pretreatment processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 226:9-17. [PMID: 27951509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, corn stover subjected to ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™)1 pretreatment or alkaline pre-extraction followed by hydrogen peroxide post-treatment (AHP pretreatment) were compared for their enzymatic hydrolysis yields over a range of solids loadings, enzymes loadings, and enzyme combinations. Process techno-economic models were compared for cellulosic ethanol production for a biorefinery that handles 2000tons per day of corn stover employing a centralized biorefinery approach with AHP or a de-centralized AFEX pretreatment followed by biomass densification feeding a centralized biorefinery. A techno-economic analysis (TEA) of these scenarios shows that the AFEX process resulted in the highest capital investment but also has the lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) at $2.09/gal, primarily due to good energy integration and an efficient ammonia recovery system. The economics of AHP could be made more competitive if oxidant loadings were reduced and the alkali and sugar losses were also decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stoklosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Andrea Del Pilar Orjuela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Nirmal Uppugundla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Daniel L Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, USA
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13
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Fischer J, Lopes VS, Cardoso SL, Coutinho Filho U, Cardoso VL. MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO LIGNOCELLULOSIC ETHANOL IN SIMULTANEOUS HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170341s20150475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Liu ZH, Chen HZ. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation for improving the xylose utilization of steam exploded corn stover at high solid loading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:15-26. [PMID: 26615497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of steam exploded corn stover (SECS) was investigated at 5-25% solid loadings compared with other conversion processes. SECS was washed with a 15-fold excess of deionized water to remove inhibitors of hydrolysis and fermentation. The concentration, yield, and productivity of ethanol was 34.3g/L, 90.0%, 2.61g/L/h in the co-fermentation of 60g/L glucose and 10g/L xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPE003. Ethanol concentration and productivity increased with increasing solid loading while ethanol yield decreased in all conversion processes of SECS. Glucan and xylan conversion was 82.0% and 82.1% in SSCF at 20% solid loading, respectively, while the concentration, yield and productivity of ethanol was 60.8g/L, 75.3% and 0.63g/L/h. The feeding strategy of SECS addition within 24h improved the SSCF performance. Therefore, SSCF increased ethanol productivity and was an effective conversion process for ethanol production at high solid loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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15
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The Renaissance of Neurospora crassa: How a Classical Model System is Used for Applied Research. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Liguori R, Ventorino V, Pepe O, Faraco V. Bioreactors for lignocellulose conversion into fermentable sugars for production of high added value products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:597-611. [PMID: 26572518 PMCID: PMC4703634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses derived from dedicated crops and agro-industrial residual materials are promising renewable resources for the production of fuels and other added value bioproducts. Due to the tolerance to a wide range of environments, the dedicated crops can be cultivated on marginal lands, avoiding conflict with food production and having beneficial effects on the environment. Besides, the agro-industrial residual materials represent an abundant, available, and cheap source of bioproducts that completely cut out the economical and environmental issues related to the cultivation of energy crops. Different processing steps like pretreatment, hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are needed to convert biomass into added value bioproducts. The reactor configuration, the operative conditions, and the operation mode of the conversion processes are crucial parameters for a high yield and productivity of the biomass bioconversion process. This review summarizes the last progresses in the bioreactor field, with main attention on the new configurations and the agitation systems, for conversion of dedicated energy crops (Arundo donax) and residual materials (corn stover, wheat straw, mesquite wood, agave bagasse, fruit and citrus peel wastes, sunflower seed hull, switchgrass, poplar sawdust, cogon grass, sugarcane bagasse, sunflower seed hull, and poplar wood) into sugars and ethanol. The main novelty of this review is its focus on reactor components and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Liguori
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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17
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Qi K, Xia XX, Zhong JJ. Enhanced anti-oxidative activity and lignocellulosic ethanol production by biotin addition to medium in Pichia guilliermondii fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:36-43. [PMID: 25864029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation requires its high titer, but the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during the bioprocess damaged the cells and compromised this goal. To improve the cellular anti-oxidative activity during non-detoxified corncob residue hydrolysate fermentation, seed cells were prepared to possess a higher level of intracellular biotin pool (IBP), which facilitated the biosyntheses of catalase and porphyrin. As a result, the catalase activity increased by 1.3-folds compared to control while the ROS level reduced by 50%. Cell viability in high-IBP cells was 1.7-folds of control and the final ethanol titer increased from 31.2 to 41.8 g L(-1) in batch fermentation. The high-IBP cells were further used for repeated-batch fermentation in the non-detoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and the highest titer and average productivity of ethanol reached 63.7 g L(-1) and 1.2 g L(-1)h(-1). The results were favorable to future industrial application of this lignocellulosic bioethanol process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Lab. of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Lab. of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Yasuda M, Ishii Y, Ohta K. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) as raw material for bioethanol production: Pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Brethauer S, Studer MH, Wyman CE. Application of a slurry feeder to 1 and 3 stage continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of dilute acid pretreated corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 170:470-476. [PMID: 25164339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous operation is often chosen for conceptual designs of biological processing of cellulosic biomass to ethanol to achieve higher volumetric productivities. Furthermore, continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) can handle higher solids concentrations than possible in batch mode due to broth thinning at partial conversion in a continuous fermentor. However, experience and literature data are very limited for continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (cSSF) processes. In this work, a slurry feed system was developed and applied to a 3-stage bench-scale cSSF train to convert pretreated corn stover to ethanol and determine the effects of dilution rate and number of fermentation vessels on overall volumetric productivity. The highest productivity of 0.4gL(-1)h(-1) was achieved in a single cSSF vessel with an 8h residence time. Furthermore, productivity at identical total residence times was 12% higher for operation with 3 cSSF stages than for a single CSTR stage for pretreated corn stover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brethauer
- University of California Riverside, Bourns College of Engineering, CE-CERT, Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Michael H Studer
- University of California Riverside, Bourns College of Engineering, CE-CERT, Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Charles E Wyman
- University of California Riverside, Bourns College of Engineering, CE-CERT, Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, United States.
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Yasuda M, Nagai H, Takeo K, Ishii Y, Ohta K. Bio-ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of a low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA)-pretreated napiegrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:333. [PMID: 26034662 PMCID: PMC4447740 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient bio-ethanol production from napiegrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) was investigated. A low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA)-pretreated napiegrass was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), which was performed at 36°C using Escherichia coli KO11, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cellulase, and xylanase. It was found that use of xylanase as well as the LMAA-pretreatment was effective for the SSCF. After the SSCF for 96 h, the ethanol yield reached 74% of the theoretical yield based on the glucan (397 mg g-1) and xylan (214 mg g-1) occurring in dry powdered LMAA-pretreated napiergrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Hayato Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Keisuke Takeo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishii
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
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21
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New Approach to Fuelization of Herbaceous Lignocelluloses through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Followed by Photocatalytic Reforming. ENERGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/en7074087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Directed evolution of a cellodextrin transporter for improved biofuel production under anaerobic conditions inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1521-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Qin L, Liu ZH, Jin M, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. High temperature aqueous ammonia pretreatment and post-washing enhance the high solids enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:504-511. [PMID: 23968841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous ammonia pretreatment was optimized and the limiting factors in high solids enzymatic hydrolysis were assessed. The recommended pretreatment condition to achieve high enzymatic yield was: 180 °C, 20% (w/w) ammonia, 30 min, and 20% solids content. FT-IR and GC-MS results indicated that most of the lignin was degraded to soluble fragments after pretreatment. The pretreated solids after post-washing showed higher enzymatic digestibility at high solids loading than that without washing. The washed solids required lower cellulase and xylanase dosage than unwashed solids to achieve high sugar yield. Enzymatic conversions were declined with the increased solids loading of pretreated solids, pretreated-washed solids, and filter papers. The results indicated that solids loading in enzymatic hydrolysis was an important factor affecting sugar yield. The increasing concentration of glucose and ligno-phenolics mainly inhibited the enzymatic hydrolysis of aqueous ammonia pretreated corn stover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- Biomass Conversion Research Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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