1
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Kim J, Ishikawa S, Naito M, Li X, Chung UI, Sakai T. Miscibility and ternary diagram of aqueous polyvinyl alcohols with different degrees of saponification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8791. [PMID: 37258599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), an important phenomenon in the field of polymer science and material design, plays an essential role in cells and living bodies. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a popular semicrystalline polymer utilized in the synthesis of artificial biomaterials. The aqueous solutions of its derivatives with tuned degrees of saponification (DS) exhibit LLPS. However, the miscibility and LLPS behavior of PVA aqueous solution are still unclear. This study describes the miscibility diagram of the ternary mixture, where water and two types of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different DSs [98 (PVA98), 88 (PVA88), 82 (PVA82), and 74 mol% (PVA74)] were blended. UV-Vis measurement was conducted to evaluate the miscibility. Immiscibility was more pronounced at elevated temperatures, exhibiting LLPS. The ternary immiscibility diagram, displaying miscible-immiscible behaviors in the aqueous mixtures of PVA74:PVA98, PVA82:PVA98, and PVA88:PVA98 (blended at a constant volume ratio), indicated that increasing the concentration, temperature, and blend ratio of PVAs at a lower DS increased immiscibility, suggesting that the free energy of mixing increases with increasing these parameters. The miscible-immiscible behaviors of PVAs/water systems provide fundamental knowledge about LLPS and the design of PVA-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shohei Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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2
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Isolation of papain from ripe papaya peel using aqueous two-phase extraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Aqueous biphasic systems: A robust platform for green extraction of biomolecules. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Crowe CD, Keating CD. Microfluidic Control of Coexisting Chemical Microenvironments within Multiphase Water-in-Fluorocarbon Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1811-1820. [PMID: 35090115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of aqueous polymer-based phase separation within water-in-oil emulsion droplets provides a powerful platform for exploring the impact of compartmentalization and preferential partitioning on biologically relevant solutes. By forming an emulsion, a bulk solution is converted into a large number of chemically isolated microscale droplets. Microfluidic techniques provide an additional level of control over the formation of such systems. This enables the selective production of multiphase droplets with desired solution compositions and specific characteristics, such as solute partitioning. Here, we demonstrate control over the chemical microenvironment by adjusting the composition to increase tie line length for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-dextran aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) encapsulated within multiphase water-in-fluorocarbon oil emulsion droplets. Through rational adjustment of microfluidic parameters alone, ATPS droplets containing differing compositions could be produced during the course of a single experiment, with the produced droplets demonstrating a controllable range of tie line lengths. This provided control over partitioning behavior for biologically relevant macromolecules such that the difference in local protein concentration between adjacent phases could be rationally tuned. This work illustrates a broadly applicable technique to rationally create emulsified multiphase aqueous systems of desired compositions through the adjustment of microfluidic parameters alone, allowing for easy and rapid screening of various chemical microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Crowe
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christine D Keating
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Minh NH, Trang HTQ, Van TB, Loc NH. Production and purification of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2021.2005622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Minh
- Clinical Skills Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Bao Van
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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6
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Rowland AT, Keating CD. Formation and properties of liposome-stabilized all-aqueous emulsions based on PEG/dextran, PEG/Ficoll, and PEG/sulfate aqueous biphasic systems. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3688-3699. [PMID: 33683232 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01849j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle-stabilized all-aqueous emulsion droplets are appealing as bioreactors because they provide uniform encapsulation via equilibrium partitioning without restricting diffusion in and out of the interior. These properties rely on the composition of the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) chosen for the emulsion and the structure of the interfacial liposome layer, respectively. Here, we explore how changing the aqueous two-phase system from a standard poly(ethyleneglycol), PEG, 8 kDa/dextran 10 kDa ATPS to PEG 8 kDa/Ficoll 70 kDa or PEG 8 kDa/Na2SO4 systems impacts droplet uniformity and partitioning of a model solute (U15 oligoRNA). We also compare liposomes formed by two different methods, both of which begin with multilamellar, polydisperse vesicles formed by gentle hydration: (1) extrusion, which produced vesicles of 150 nm average diameter, and (2) vortexing, which produced vesicles of 270 nm average diameter. Our data illustrate that while droplet uniformity and stability are somewhat better for samples based on extruded vesicles, extrusion is not necessary to create functional microreactors, as emulsions stabilized with vortexed liposomes are just as effective at solute partitioning and allow diffusion across the droplet's liposome corona. This work expands the compositions possible for liposome-stabilized, all-aqueous emulsion droplet bioreactors, making them amenable to a wider range of potential reactions. Replacing the liposome extrusion step with vortexing can reduce time and cost of bioreactor production with only modest reductions in emulsion quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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7
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Ueda K, Moseson DE, Pathak V, Taylor LS. Effect of Polymer Species on Maximum Aqueous Phase Supersaturation Revealed by Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1344-1355. [PMID: 33595322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The polymer used in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation impacts the maximum achievable drug supersaturation. Herein, the effect of dissolved polymer on drug concentration in the aqueous phase when a drug-rich phase was generated by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) was investigated for different polymers at various concentrations of drug and polymer. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP-VA), and hypromellose (HPMC) distributed into the ibuprofen (IBP)-rich phase formed by LLPS when the amorphous solubility of IBP was exceeded. The amount of polymer in the drug-rich phase increased for higher-molecular-weight grades of PVP and HPMC. Moreover, PVP-VA showed a greater extent of distribution into the IBP-rich phase compared to PVP, and this is attributed to its reduced hydrophilicity resulting from the incorporation of vinyl acetate monomers. Direct quantification by NMR measurements indicated that the IBP concentration in the aqueous phase decreased as the amount of polymer in the IBP-rich phase increased. This can be attributed to a reduction of the chemical potential of IBP in the IBP-rich phase. The reduction in dissolved IBP concentration was greater for the IBP/PVP-VA system compared to the IBP/HPMC system, as a result of more extensive drug-polymer interactions in the former system. The present study highlights the impact of polymer selection on the attainable supersaturation of the drug and the factors that need to be considered in the formulation of ASDs to obtain optimized in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Vaibhav Pathak
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Bussamra BC, Meerman P, Viswanathan V, Mussatto SI, Carvalho da Costa A, van der Wielen L, Ottens M. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS): Exploration and Conceptual Process Design. Front Chem 2020; 8:587. [PMID: 32850627 PMCID: PMC7411181 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic material to sugars can provide a carbon source for the production of energy (fuels) and a wide range of renewable products. However, the efficiency of this conversion is impaired due to product (sugar) inhibition. Even though several studies investigate how to overcome this challenge, concepts on the process to conduct the hydrolysis are still scarce in literature. Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) can be applied to design an extractive reaction due to their capacity to partition solutes to different phases in such a system. This work presents strategies on how to conduct extractive enzymatic hydrolysis in ATPS and how to explore the experimental results in order to design a feasible process. While only a limited number of ATPS was explored, the methods and strategies described could easily be applied to any further ATPS to be explored. We studied two promising ATPS as a subset of a previously high throughput screened large set of ATPS, providing two configurations of processes having the reaction in either the top phase or in the bottom phase. Enzymatic hydrolysis in these ATPS was performed to evaluate the partitioning of the substrate and the influence of solute partitioning on conversion. Because ATPS are able to partition inhibitors (sugar) between the phases, the conversion rate can be maintained. However, phase forming components should be selected to preserve the enzymatic activity. The experimental results presented here contribute to a feasible ATPS-based conceptual process design for the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Consorti Bussamra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Development of Processes and Products (DDPP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulus Meerman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Solange I. Mussatto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Luuk van der Wielen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marcel Ottens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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9
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Xue S, Gong R, He F, Li Y, Wang Y, Tan T, Luo SZ. Low-complexity domain of U1-70K modulates phase separation and aggregation through distinctive basic-acidic motifs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax5349. [PMID: 31723601 PMCID: PMC6834393 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) facilitates the formation of functional membraneless organelles and recent reports have linked this phenomenon to protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanism of LLPS and its regulation thus promises to shed light on the pathogenesis of these conditions. The RNA-binding protein U1-70K, which aggregates in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, is considered a potential target for Alzheimer's therapy. Here, we report that two fragments in the low-complexity (LC) domain of U1-70K can undergo LLPS. We have demonstrated that the repetitive basic-acidic motifs in these fragments induce nucleotide-independent phase separation and initiate aggregation in vitro. We also have confirmed that LLPS and aggregation occur in vivo and that the content of ampholytic motifs in a protein domain determines the transition between droplets and aggregation, providing insights into the mechanism underlying the formation of diverse assembly states.
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10
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Tanimura K, Amau M, Kume R, Suga K, Okamoto Y, Umakoshi H. Characterization of Ionic Liquid Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: Phase Separation Behaviors and the Hydrophobicity Index between the Two Phases. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5866-5874. [PMID: 31199653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Amim][Cl] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim][Cl] are water-soluble ionic liquids (ILs) that can from an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) when mixed with specific salts. Herein, we prepared [Amim][Cl]- and [Bmim][Cl]-ATPSs by adding the salts (K2CO3, K2HPO4). To investigate the phase separation behavior of the IL-ATPSs, binodal curves were drawn at different temperatures and the length and slope of the tie lines were analyzed. The [Bmim][Cl]/K2HPO4 system underwent two-phase separation at lower temperature conditions, suggesting that the phase separation might depend on the salting-out effect in the bottom phase. Using the IL-ATPS, the distribution coefficients, Kaa, of amino acids were determined and used to characterize the hydrophobicity index (HF) between the top and bottom phases, which is a good indicator to understand the molecular partitioning behaviors in conventional ATPSs. The HF values of the IL-ATPSs were in the range 0.13-0.41 mol/kJ; these values were almost the same as the HF values reported for an ATPS composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tanimura
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan.,Hitachi Zosen Corporation , 1-7-89 Nanko-kita , Sumiyoshi-ku , Osaka 559-8559 , Japan
| | - Misaki Amau
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kume
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Keishi Suga
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
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11
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Bussamra BC, Gomes JC, Freitas S, Mussatto SI, da Costa AC, van der Wielen L, Ottens M. A robotic platform to screen aqueous two-phase systems for overcoming inhibition in enzymatic reactions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:37-50. [PMID: 30754004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) can be applied to enzymatic reactions that are affected by product inhibition. In the biorefinery context, sugars inhibit the cellulolytic enzymes in charge of converting the biomass. Here, we present a strategy to select an ATPS (formed by polymer and salt) that can separate sugar and enzymes. This automated and miniaturized method is able to determine phase diagrams and partition coefficients of solutes in these. Tailored approaches to quantify the solutes are presented, taking into account the limitations of techniques that can be applied with ATPS due to the interference of phase forming components with the analytics. The developed high-throughput (HT) platform identifies suitable phase forming components and the tie line of operation. This fast methodology proposes to screen up to six different polymer-salt systems in eight days and supplies the results to understand the influence of sugar and protein concentrations on their partition coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Consorti Bussamra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands; Development of Processes and Products (DDPP), University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, 6066 Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Joana Castro Gomes
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sindelia Freitas
- Development of Processes and Products (DDPP), University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, 6066 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Solange I Mussatto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Aline Carvalho da Costa
- Development of Processes and Products (DDPP), University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, 6066 Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Luuk van der Wielen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Marcel Ottens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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12
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Karmakar R, Sen K. Aqueous biphasic extraction of metal ions: An alternative technology for metal regeneration. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Crowe CD, Keating CD. Liquid-liquid phase separation in artificial cells. Interface Focus 2018; 8:20180032. [PMID: 30443328 PMCID: PMC6227770 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology is a recently appreciated means of intracellular compartmentalization. Because the mechanisms driving phase separations are grounded in physical interactions, they can be recreated within less complex systems consisting of only a few simple components, to serve as artificial microcompartments. Within these simple systems, the effect of compartmentalization and microenvironments upon biological reactions and processes can be studied. This review will explore several approaches to incorporating LLPS as artificial cytoplasms and in artificial cells, including both segregative and associative phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine D. Keating
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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14
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Innes-Gold SN, Luby CJ, Mace CR. Experimental and Theoretical Validation of System Variables That Control the Position of Particles at the Interface of Immiscible Liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7673-7680. [PMID: 29882673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We construct a mathematical model describing the equilibrium flotation height of a spherical particle at the interface of immiscible liquids. The behavior of such a system depends on several experimentally measurable parameters, which include surface tensions, densities of all phases, and system scale. These parameters can be absorbed into three quantities that entirely determine the equilibrium position of the particle: the contact angle between the interface and particle, the Bond number, and the ratio of particle buoyant density to liquid phase densities-a new, dimensionless number that we introduce here. This experimentally convenient treatment allows us to make predictions that apply generally to the large parameter space of interesting systems. We find the model is in good agreement with experiments for particle size and interfacial tension spanning 3 orders of magnitude. We also consider the low interfacial tension case of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) theoretically and experimentally. Such systems are more sensitive to changes in density than higher-tension aqueous/organic two-phase systems; we experimentally demonstrate that a millimeter-sized bead in an ATPS can be controllably positioned with between 5.9 and 95.1% of its surface area exposed to the bottom phase, whereas the same bead in an aqueous/organic system is limited to a range of 18.2-61.6%. Finally, we discuss the potential for wettability-based control for micron length-scale particles, which are not sensitive to changes in density. Our results can be used to simply define the experimentally controllable parameters that affect the equilibrium position and the length scales of a particle over which such parameters can be effectively tuned. A complete understanding of these properties is important for a number of applications including colloidal self-assembly and chemical patterning (e.g., formation of desymmetrized or Janus particles). By considering ATPSs, we broaden the potential uses to biological applications such as cell separation and interfacial tissue assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Innes-Gold
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Christopher J Luby
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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15
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Lau HK, Paul A, Sidhu I, Li L, Sabanayagam CR, Parekh SH, Kiick KL. Microstructured Elastomer-PEG Hydrogels via Kinetic Capture of Aqueous Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1701010. [PMID: 29938180 PMCID: PMC6010786 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201701010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous hydrogels with desired matrix complexity are studied for a variety of biomimetic materials. Despite the range of such microstructured materials described, few methods permit independent control over microstructure and microscale mechanics by precisely controlled, single-step processing methods. Here, a phototriggered crosslinking methodology that traps microstructures in liquid-liquid phase-separated solutions of a highly elastomeric resilin-like polypeptide (RLP) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is reported. RLP-rich domains of various diameters can be trapped in a PEG continuous phase, with the kinetics of domain maturation dependent on the degree of acrylation. The chemical composition of both hydrogel phases over time is assessed via in situ hyperspectral coherent Raman microscopy, with equilibrium concentrations consistent with the compositions derived from NMR-measured coexistence curves. Atomic force microscopy reveals that the local mechanical properties of the two phases evolve over time, even as the bulk modulus of the material remains constant, showing that the strategy permits control of mechanical properties on micrometer length scales, of relevance in generating mechanically robust materials for a range of applications. As one example, the successful encapsulation, localization, and survival of primary cells are demonstrated and suggest the potential application of phase-separated RLP-PEG hydrogels in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Kuen Lau
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Delaware201 DuPont HallNewarkDE19716USA
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSE‐412 96Sweden
- Department of Molecular SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Ishnoor Sidhu
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA
| | - Linqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Delaware201 DuPont HallNewarkDE19716USA
| | | | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Molecular SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Delaware201 DuPont HallNewarkDE19716USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute15 Innovation WayNewarkDE19711USA
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16
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Ma Q, Yuan H, Song Y, Chao Y, Mak SY, Shum HC. Partitioning-dependent conversion of polyelectrolyte assemblies in an aqueous two-phase system. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1552-1558. [PMID: 29443349 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02275a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning refers to the distribution of solute molecules in the two immiscible phases of a mixture of two solutions, such as an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The partitioning of RNA and peptide has been adjusted in situ to facilitate their assembly into intracellular membraneless organelles. Despite the immense potential of this approach in artificial systems, a partitioning-dependent assembly of macromolecules has been limited, due to the sophisticated processing associated with their in situ modification. Here we demonstrate an approach to direct the assembly of polyelectrolytes in an ATPS through varying their partitioning via pH changes. Microcapsules can be converted to microgel particles as the polyelectrolytes selectively partition to different emulsion phases when changing pH. Such partitioning-dependence can also be equally applied for complexing hydrophilic nanoparticles with polyelectrolytes in an ATPS. By enabling access of hydrophilic materials across the aqueous interface freely, the ATPS allows modification of their intrinsic properties in situ; this advantage will inspire more versatile control over the partitioning of hydrophilic materials and will create new multi-functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Münchow G, Hardt S, Kutter J, Drese K. Protein Transport and Concentration by Electrophoresis in Two-phase Microflows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at a new class of methods for electric field-mediated separation of biomolecules. In contrast to standard techniques, electrophoretic transport was not performed in a single-phase homogenous fluid, but in a system of stratified layers. The large surface-to-volume ratio characteristic for microfluidic systems allows the interactions of biomolecules with liquid/liquid interfaces to be examined and the suitability of corresponding effects for applications in the field of biomolecular separations and enrichment to be assessed. To perform these types of studies, a micro flow cell was fabricated into which two coflowing immiscible liquid phases can be introduced. Subsequently, the electrophoretic transport of biomolecules driven by an electric field perpendicular to the channel was examined. To investigate the transport phenomena related to electrophoresis in stratified two-phase systems, aqueous solutions consisting of polyethylene glycol and dextran were prepared, which allowed a stable interface to develop. Transport within one phase and an enrichment of proteins at the phase boundary has been established. In addition, other kinds of fluid combinations such as water and propylene carbonate have been examined, also supporting the enrichment of proteins at the phase boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Hardt
- Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany
| | | | - K.S. Drese
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz, Germany
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Lau HK, Li L, Jurusik AK, Sabanayagam CR, Kiick KL. Aqueous Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Resilin-Like Polypeptide/Polyethylene Glycol Solutions for the Formation of Microstructured Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:757-766. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Kuen Lau
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Linqing Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Anna K. Jurusik
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
| | | | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
Street, Newark Delaware 19176, United States
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark Delaware 19711, United States
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19
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Kavakcıoğlu B, Tongul B, Tarhan L. Aqueous two-phase system purification for superoxide dismutase induced by menadione from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:380-388. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Berna Kavakcıoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dokuz Eylul, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Tongul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dokuz Eylul, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Leman Tarhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dokuz Eylul, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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20
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Chakraborty A, Sen K. Impact of pH and temperature on phase diagrams of different aqueous biphasic systems. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1433:41-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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McGann CL, Akins RE, Kiick KL. Resilin-PEG Hybrid Hydrogels Yield Degradable Elastomeric Scaffolds with Heterogeneous Microstructure. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:128-40. [PMID: 26646060 PMCID: PMC4850080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) have shown outstanding mechanical resilience and cytocompatibility; expanding the versatility of RLP-based materials via conjugation with other polypeptides and polymers would offer great promise in the design of a range of materials. Here, we present an investigation of the biochemical and mechanical properties of hybrid hydrogels composed of a recombinant RLP and a multiarm PEG macromer. These hybrid hydrogels can be rapidly cross-linked through a Michael-type addition reaction between the thiols of cysteine residues on the RLP and vinyl sulfone groups on the multiarm PEG. Oscillatory rheology and tensile testing confirmed the formation of elastomeric hydrogels with mechanical resilience comparable to aortic elastin; hydrogel stiffness was easily modulated through the cross-linking ratio. Macromolecular phase separation of the RLP-PEG hydrogels offers the unique advantage of imparting a heterogeneous microstructure, which can be used to localize cells, through simple mixing and cross-linking. Assessment of degradation of the RLP by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) illustrated the specific proteolysis of the polypeptide in both its soluble form and when cross-linked into hydrogels. Finally, the successful encapsulation and viable three-dimensional culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the RLP-PEG gels. Overall, the cytocompatibility, elastomeric mechanical properties, microheterogeneity, and degradability of the RLP-PEG hybrid hydrogels offer a suite of promising properties for the development of cell-instructive, structured tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. McGann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Robert E. Akins
- Nemours – Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Department of Biomedical Research, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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22
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Zeng CX, Xin RP, Qi SJ, Yang B, Wang YH. Aqueous two-phase system based on natural quaternary ammonium compounds for the extraction of proteins. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:648-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Xi Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Rui-Pu Xin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Sui-Jian Qi
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Yong-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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23
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Ionic liquid induced surface exclusion and anomalous first-order phase transition in Laponite dispersions. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Chakraborty A, Sen K. Phase separation in aqueous systems for realizing virtually significant extractions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Grilo AL, Raquel Aires-Barros M, Azevedo AM. Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: Fundamentals, Applications and Trends. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2014.983128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Use of the combined phase partitioning systems for recovery of proteases from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Evaluation of PEG/phosphate aqueous two-phase systems for the purification of the chicken egg white protein avidin by using high-throughput techniques. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Abstract
This paper attempts to study and optimize the affinity partitioning conditions of papain in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The effect of the amount of ionic liquids (ILs), the concentration of K2HPO4, temperature, pH, and the volume of papain solution were discussed concretely. The optimum conditions were determined as ionic liquid was 1.4 g and K2HPO4was 1.4 g, the extraction efficiency of papain could reach 98.33% with pH unadjusted. The temperature and the pH of the solution are major parameters that influence the partitioning of protein in ILs-based ATPSs. The partition of papain to the IL-rich phase was enhanced by increasing the amount of ILs, the concentration of K2HPO4, and temperature, especially at its isoelectric point.
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29
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Koti BA, Lakshmikanth M, Manohar S, Lalitha J. AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE EXTRACTION FOR THE PURIFICATION OF ALKALINE AGARASES FROM CULTURE EXTRACTS OFPseudomonas aeruginosaAG LSL-11. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 42:364-77. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.623210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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31
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Malpiedi LP, Picó GA, Nerli BB. Studies of protein partition in non conventional aqueous two-phase systems as method to purify trypsinogen and alpha-chymotrypsinogen from bovine pancreas. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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33
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Li Z, Pei Y, Wang H, Fan J, Wang J. Ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems and their applications in green separation processes. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Wu X, Tang L, Du Y, Xu Z. Improving glutathione extraction from crude yeast extracts by optimizing aqueous two-phase system composition and operation conditions. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Selective separation of protein and saccharides by ionic liquids aqueous two-phase systems. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Zaslavsky BY, Borvskaya AA, Gulaeva ND, Miheeva LM. Physico-chemical features of solvent media in the phases of aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 40:1-7. [PMID: 18601037 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Solvent polarity and pH in the coexisting aqueous phases of aqueous dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran-Ficoll two-phase systems of varied polymer concentrations were examined using the solvatochromic technique and potentiometric measurements, respectively. The relative solvent polarity of the phases, as measured by the solvatochromic technique, is suggested as a measure of the hydration power of water in the phases of aqueous polymer systems. Partitioning of a series of sulphonephthalein dyes in aqueous dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran-Ficoll two-phase systems of fixed polymer composition containing 0.01 mol/L universal buffer, pH 7.15, was studied. The results obtained are discussed together with those reported earlier on the physico-chemical features of aqueous media in the coexisting phases of the systems. It is suggested that the two phases of aqueous polymer systems should be viewed as two immiscible water-like solvents. The implications of the suggestion for the theoretical treatment of aqueous polymer two-phase systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Zaslavsky
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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37
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38
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Dreyer S, Salim P, Kragl U. Driving forces of protein partitioning in an ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Saravanan S, Rao JR, Nair BU, Ramasami T. Aqueous two-phase poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(acrylic acid) system for protein partitioning: Influence of molecular weight, pH and temperature. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Rnghavarno KS, Guinn MR, Todd. P. Recent Developments in Aqueous two-Pease Extraction in Bioprocessing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03602549809351638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Salabat A, Abnosi MH, Bahar AR. Amino acids partitioning in aqueous two-phase system of polypropylene glycol and magnesium sulfate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 858:234-8. [PMID: 17884742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The counter-current chromatography method using aqueous two-phase systems, which is a form of liquid-liquid partition chromatography, could be applied for separation of the amino acids. This method needs some information about the partition coefficient of the amino acids in such systems. In this work, partitioning of amino acids d-alanine, l-valine and l-leucine was investigated in aqueous two-phase system of polypropylene glycol (PPG425)+MgSO4+H2O at 298.15K. The results showed that increasing the amino acid hydrophobicity lead to a corresponding increase in the partition coefficients and increasing tie line length lead to decreasing partition coefficients. The effect of the pH on amino acids partitioning was also determined. The experimental data are correlated using a modified virial-type model. The comparisons between the correlation and the experimental data reveal a good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salabat
- Chemistry Department, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-879, Arak, Iran.
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42
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Tubío G, Nerli B, Picó G. Partitioning features of bovine trypsin and α-chymotrypsin in polyethyleneglycol-sodium citrate aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:244-9. [PMID: 17307404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin--proteases of similar physico-chemical properties--in different polyethyleneglycol/sodium citrate aqueous two-phase systems was investigated. The effect of different factors such as polyethyleneglycol molecular weight, pH, tie line length, temperature and the presence of an inorganic salt on the protein partition coefficient were analysed. Both a decrease in PEG molecular weight and an increase in pH led to a higher partition coefficient for both enzymes. Aqueous two-phase systems formed by PEG of molecular weight 3350 and citrate pH 5.2 showed the best separation capability which was enhanced in presence of sodium chloride 3%. The transfer of both proteins to the top phase was associated with negative enthalpic and entropic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Tubío
- Chemical Physics Department, Bioseparation Lab., CONICET, and FonCyT, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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43
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Münchow G, Hardt S, Kutter JP, Drese KS. Electrophoretic partitioning of proteins in two-phase microflows. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:98-102. [PMID: 17180211 DOI: 10.1039/b612669n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on protein transport phenomena discovered in partitioning experiments with a novel setup for continuous-flow two-phase electrophoresis consisting of a microchannel in which a phase boundary is formed in flow direction. Proteins can be partitioned exploiting their affinity to different aqueous phases in two-phase systems. This separation process may be enhanced or extended by applying an electric field perpendicular to the phase boundary. In this context, microsystems offer new possibilities, as interfacial forces usually dominate over volume forces, thus allowing a superior control of the formation and arrangement of liquid/liquid phase boundaries. The two immiscible phases which are injected separately into the microchannel are taken from a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dextran system. The side walls of the channel are partially made of gel material which serves as an ion conductor and decouples the channel from the electrodes, thus preventing bubble generation inside the separation channel. The experiments show that the electrophoretic transport of proteins between the laminated liquid phases is characterized by a strong asymmetry. When bovine serum albumin (BSA) is introduced into the PEG-rich phase, it can easily be transferred into the dextran-rich phase via an applied electric field of low strength or just by diffusion. In the reverse case, up to a certain field strength the transfer to the opposing phase is strongly inhibited. Only if the field strength is further increased will the BSA molecules leave the dextran-rich phase almost completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Münchow
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, D-55129, Mainz, Germany.
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44
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Aguiñaga-DÍAz PA, Guzman RZ. Affinity Partitioning of Metal Ions in Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol/Salt Two-Phase Systems with PEG-Modified Chelators. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399608001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Aguiñaga-DÍAz
- a DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA , TUCSON , ARIZONA , 85721 , USA Phone: Fax: E-mail:
| | - R. Z. Guzman
- a DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA , TUCSON , ARIZONA , 85721 , USA Phone: Fax: E-mail:
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45
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Diamond AD, Hsu JT. Aqueous two-phase systems for biomolecule separation. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 47:89-135. [PMID: 1456110 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0046198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past thirty years, aqueous polymer two-phase technology has evolved, both experimentally and theoretically, into a separation science with many useful applications in biomolecule purification and bioconversion. This paper summarizes the developments in the applications of aqueous two-phase systems to biotechnology. The main topics to be considered are the phase diagram and its characteristics, fundamentals of biomolecule partition, large-scale and multi-stage aqueous two-phase biomolecule purification, and extractive bioconversions. The first topic involves a discussion of the thermodynamics of aqueous polymer two-phase formation and how it is influenced by such factors as polymer molecular weight and concentration, temperature, and salt type and concentration. Next, the theoretical and experimental aspects of biomolecule partition in aqueous two-phase systems will be discussed in light of the factors which influence biomolecule partition: polymer concentration and molecular weight; temperature; salt type and concentration; the addition of charged, hydrophobic and affinity derivatives. Having reviewed the fundamentals of phase diagram formation and biomolecule partition, the next two topics are applications of aqueous two-phase technology. The first set of applications involve the large-scale extraction of proteins using one to three equilibrium stages and multi-stage purifications using countercurrent distribution, liquid-liquid partition chromatography and continuous countercurrent chromatography. The second application, and very promising area for future aqueous two-phase technology, is the extractive bioconversion which permits the simultaneous production and purification of a biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Diamond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
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46
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Xu Y, He GQ, Li JJ. Effective extraction of elastase from Bacillus sp. fermentation broth using aqueous two-phase system. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2006; 6:1087-94. [PMID: 16252343 PMCID: PMC1390656 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2005.b1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the evaluation of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for extracting elastase produced by Bacillus sp. EL31410. The elastase and cell partition behavior in polyethylene glycol (PEG)/salt systems was investigated. The suitable system for elastase extraction was PEG/KH(2)PO(4)-K(2)HPO(4), in which elastase is mainly partitioned into the PEG-rich phase, while the cells remained in the other phase. The influence of defined system parameters (e.g. PEG molecular mass, pH, NaCl addition) on the partitioning behavior of elastase is described. The concentration of phase forming components, PEG and KH(2)PO(4)-K(2)HPO(4), was optimized for elastase recovery by means of response surface methodology, and it was found that they greatly influenced extraction recovery. The optimal ATPS was 23.1% (w/w) PEG 2 000 and 11.7% (w/w) KH(2)PO(4)-K(2)HPO(4). The predicted recovery was about 89.5%, so this process is suggested to be a rapid and convenient method for elastase extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guo-qing He
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- †E-mail:
| | - Jing-jun Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214036, China
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47
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Prediction of protein partition in polymer/salt aqueous two-phase systems using the modified Wilson model. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Izutsu KI, Aoyagi N, Kojima S. Effect of Polymer Size and Cosolutes on Phase Separation of Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Dextran in Frozen Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:709-17. [PMID: 15682383 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of the molecular weight of polymers on their miscibility in frozen solutions to model the physical properties of freeze-dried pharmaceutical formulations. Thermal analysis of frozen solutions containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and dextran of various molecular weights was performed at polymer concentrations below the binodal curve at room temperature. Frozen solutions containing PVP 29,000 and dextran 10,200 showed two thermal transitions (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solution: Tg') representing two freeze-concentrated amorphous phases, each containing predominantly one of the polymers. A combination of smaller polymers (PVP 10,000 and dextran 1,060) was freeze-concentrated into an amorphous mixture phase across a wide range of concentration ratios. Combinations of intermediate size polymers separated into two freeze-concentrated phases only at certain concentration ratios. Addition of NaCl prevented the phase separation of PVP and dextran in the aqueous and frozen solutions. Higher concentrations of NaCl were required to retain the miscibility of larger polymer combinations in the freeze-concentrate. The molecular weights of the component polymers, polymer concentration ratio, and cosolute composition are the important factors that determine component miscibility in frozen solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Izutsu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya 158-8501, Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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Modeling the protein partitioning in aqueous polymer two-phase systems: influence of polymer concentration and molecular weight. Chem Eng Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(03)00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Blázquez G, Camacho F, Calero M, Alarcón FJ. Interaction probabilities in a four components aqueous two-phase system: polymer+salt+water+protein. Chem Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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