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Bonneau N, Potey A, Blond F, Guerin C, Baudouin C, Peyrin JM, Brignole-Baudouin F, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Assessment of corneal nerve regeneration after axotomy in a compartmentalized microfluidic chip model with automated 3D high resolution live-imaging. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1417653. [PMID: 39076204 PMCID: PMC11285198 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1417653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Damage to the corneal nerves can result in discomfort and chronic pain, profoundly impacting the quality of life of patients. Development of novel in vitro method is crucial to better understand corneal nerve regeneration and to find new treatments for the patients. Existing in vitro models often overlook the physiology of primary sensory neurons, for which the soma is separated from the nerve endings. Methods To overcome this limitation, our novel model combines a compartmentalized microfluidic culture of trigeminal ganglion neurons from adult mice with live-imaging and automated 3D image analysis offering robust way to assess axonal regrowth after axotomy. Results Physical axotomy performed by a two-second aspiration led to a reproducible 70% axonal loss and altered the phenotype of the neurons, increasing the number of substance P-positive neurons 72 h post-axotomy. To validate our new model, we investigated axonal regeneration after exposure to pharmacological compounds. We selected various targets known to enhance or inhibit axonal regrowth and analyzed their basal expression in trigeminal ganglion cells by scRNAseq. NGF/GDNF, insulin, and Dooku-1 (Piezo1 antagonist) enhanced regrowth by 81, 74 and 157%, respectively, while Yoda-1 (Piezo1 agonist) had no effect. Furthermore, SARM1-IN-2 (Sarm1 inhibitor) inhibited axonal regrowth, leading to only 6% regrowth after 72 h of exposure (versus 34% regrowth without any compound). Discussion Combining compartmentalized trigeminal neuronal culture with advanced imaging and analysis allowed a thorough evaluation of the extent of the axotomy and subsequent axonal regrowth. This innovative approach holds great promise for advancing our understanding of corneal nerve injuries and regeneration and ultimately improving the quality of life for patients suffering from sensory abnormalities, and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Potey
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Blond
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Camille Guerin
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight, Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- UMR8246, Inserm U1130, IBPS, UPMC, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight, Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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2
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Doulames VM, Marquardt LM, Hefferon ME, Baugh NJ, Suhar RA, Wang AT, Dubbin KR, Weimann JM, Palmer TD, Plant GW, Heilshorn SC. Custom-engineered hydrogels for delivery of human iPSC-derived neurons into the injured cervical spinal cord. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122400. [PMID: 38134472 PMCID: PMC10846596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cervical damage is the most prevalent type of spinal cord injury clinically, although few preclinical research studies focus on this anatomical region of injury. Here we present a combinatorial therapy composed of a custom-engineered, injectable hydrogel and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived deep cortical neurons. The biomimetic hydrogel has a modular design that includes a protein-engineered component to allow customization of the cell-adhesive peptide sequence and a synthetic polymer component to allow customization of the gel mechanical properties. In vitro studies with encapsulated iPSC-neurons were used to select a bespoke hydrogel formulation that maintains cell viability and promotes neurite extension. Following injection into the injured cervical spinal cord in a rat contusion model, the hydrogel biodegraded over six weeks without causing any adverse reaction. Compared to cell delivery using saline, the hydrogel significantly improved the reproducibility of cell transplantation and integration into the host tissue. Across three metrics of animal behavior, this combinatorial therapy significantly improved sensorimotor function by six weeks post transplantation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that design of a combinatorial therapy that includes a gel customized for a specific fate-restricted cell type can induce regeneration in the injured cervical spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Doulames
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - L M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M E Hefferon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - N J Baugh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - R A Suhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - A T Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - K R Dubbin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - J M Weimann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - T D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - G W Plant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - S C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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3
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Moll L, Pihl J, Karlsson M, Karila P, Svensson CI. A Microfluidic High-Capacity Screening Platform for Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:236-244. [PMID: 38150531 PMCID: PMC10797611 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalized cell cultures (CCCs) provide the possibility to study mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, such as spreading of misfolded proteins in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease or functional changes in, e.g., chronic pain, in vitro. However, many CCC devices do not provide the necessary capacity for identifying novel mechanisms, targets, or drugs in a drug discovery context. Here, we present a high-capacity cell culture microtiter microfluidic plate compliant with American National Standard Institute of the Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening (ANSI/SLAS) standards that allows to parallelize up to 96 CCCs/experimental units, where each experimental unit comprises three microchannel-connected compartments. The plate design allows the specific treatment of cells in individual compartments through the application of a fluidic barrier. Moreover, the compatibility of the plate with neuronal cultures was confirmed with rodent primary as well as human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons of the central or peripheral nervous system for up to 14 days in culture. Using immunocytochemistry, we demonstrated that the plate design restricts neuronal soma to individual compartments, while axons, but not dendrites, can grow through the connecting microchannels to neighboring compartments. In addition, we show that neurons are spontaneously active and, as deemed by the appearance of synchronous depolarizations in neighboring compartments, are synaptically coupled. In summary, the design of the microfluidic plate allows for both morphological and functional studies of neurological in vitro cultures with increased capacity to support identification of novel mechanisms, targets, or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Moll
- Cellectricon
AB, Mölndal 431 53, Sweden
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Camilla I. Svensson
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
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4
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Zhang Q, Xie T, Yi X, Xing G, Feng S, Chen S, Li Y, Lin JM. Microfluidic Aqueous Two-Phase Focusing of Chemical Species for In Situ Subcellular Stimulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45640-45650. [PMID: 37733946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of chemical species in a controllable micrometer-level (several to a dozen micrometers) space in an aqueous environment is essential for precisely manipulating chemical events in subcellular regions. However, rapid diffusion and hard-to-control micrometer-level fluids make it a tough challenge. Here, a versatile open microfluidic method based on an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is developed to restrict species inside an open space with micron-level width. Unequal standard chemical potentials of the chemical species in two phases and space-time correspondence in the microfluidic system prevent outward diffusion across the phase interface, retaining the target species inside its preferred phase flow and creating a sharp boundary with a dramatic concentration change. Then, the chemical flow (the preferred phase with target chemical species) is precisely manipulated by a microfluidic probe, which can be compressed to a micron-level width and aimed at an arbitrary position of the sample. As a demonstration of the feasibility and versatility of the strategy, chemical flow is successfully applied to subcellular regions of various kinds of living single cells. Subcellular regions are successfully labeled (cytomembrane and mitochondria) and damaged. Healing-regeneration behaviors of living single cells are triggered by subcellular damage and analyzed. The method is relatively general regarding the species of chemicals and biosamples, which could promote deeper cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianze Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xizhen Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaowa Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shulang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Mullis AS, Kaplan DL. Functional bioengineered tissue models of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122143. [PMID: 37146365 PMCID: PMC10209845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases remain poorly understood and no disease-modifying treatments exist despite decades of investigation. Predominant in vitro (e.g., 2D cell culture, organoids) and in vivo (e.g., mouse) models of these diseases are insufficient mimics of human brain tissue structure and function and of human neurodegenerative pathobiology, and have thus contributed to this collective translational failure. This has been a longstanding challenge in the field, and new strategies are required to address both fundamental and translational needs. Bioengineered tissue culture models constitute a class of promising alternatives, as they can overcome the low cell density, poor nutrient exchange, and long term culturability limitations of existing in vitro models. Further, they can reconstruct the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues of native brain tissue, providing a better mimic of human brain tissues for in vitro pathobiological investigation and drug development. We discuss bioengineering techniques for the generation of these neurodegenerative tissue models, including biomaterials-, organoid-, and microfluidics-based approaches, and design considerations for their construction. To aid the development of the next generation of functional neurodegenerative disease models, we discuss approaches to incorporate greater cellular diversity and simulate aging processes within bioengineered brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Mullis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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6
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Zhao Q, Zhang J, Li H, Li H, Xie F. Models of traumatic brain injury-highlights and drawbacks. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1151660. [PMID: 37396767 PMCID: PMC10309005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1151660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause for high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults, survivors may suffer from long-term physical, cognitive, and/or psychological disorders. Establishing better models of TBI would further our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI and develop new potential treatments. A multitude of animal TBI models have been used to replicate the various aspects of human TBI. Although numerous experimental neuroprotective strategies were identified to be effective in animal models, a majority of strategies have failed in phase II or phase III clinical trials. This failure in clinical translation highlights the necessity of revisiting the current status of animal models of TBI and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we elucidate approaches for the generation of animal models and cell models of TBI and summarize their strengths and limitations with the aim of exploring clinically meaningful neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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7
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Jarrah R, Nathani KR, Bhandarkar S, Ezeudu CS, Nguyen RT, Amare A, Aljameey UA, Jarrah SI, Bhandarkar AR, Fiani B. Microfluidic 'brain-on chip' systems to supplement neurological practice: development, applications and considerations. Regen Med 2023; 18:413-423. [PMID: 37125510 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the greatest general challenges in bioengineering is to mimic human physiology. Advanced efforts in tissue engineering have led to sophisticated 'brain-on-chip' (BoC) microfluidic devices that can mimic structural and functional aspects of brain tissue. BoC may be used to understand the biochemical pathways of neurolgical pathologies and assess promising therapeutic agents for facilitating regenerative medicine. We evaluated the potential of microfluidic BoC devices in various neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer's, glioblastoma, traumatic brain injury, stroke and epilepsy. We also discuss the principles, limitations and future considerations of BoC technology. Results suggest that BoC models can help understand complex neurological pathologies and augment drug testing efforts for regenerative applications. However, implementing organ-on-chip technology to clinical practice has some practical limitations that warrant greater attention to improve large-scale applicability. Nevertheless, they remain to be versatile and powerful tools that can broaden our understanding of pathophysiological and therapeutic uncertainties to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jarrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Shaan Bhandarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chibuze S Ezeudu
- Texas A&M School of Medicine,Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Ryan T Nguyen
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Abrham Amare
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Usama A Aljameey
- Lincoln Memorial University DeBusk School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Sabrina I Jarrah
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cornell Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Xu S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang K, Liang W, Xu Z, Wu Y, Luo J, Zhuang C, Cai X. Recent Progress and Perspectives on Neural Chip Platforms Integrating PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices and Microelectrode Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:709. [PMID: 37420942 PMCID: PMC10145465 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a spurt of progress in the application of the encoding and decoding of neural activities to drug screening, diseases diagnosis, and brain-computer interactions. To overcome the constraints of the complexity of the brain and the ethical considerations of in vivo research, neural chip platforms integrating microfluidic devices and microelectrode arrays have been raised, which can not only customize growth paths for neurons in vitro but also monitor and modulate the specialized neural networks grown on chips. Therefore, this article reviews the developmental history of chip platforms integrating microfluidic devices and microelectrode arrays. First, we review the design and application of advanced microelectrode arrays and microfluidic devices. After, we introduce the fabrication process of neural chip platforms. Finally, we highlight the recent progress on this type of chip platform as a research tool in the field of brain science and neuroscience, focusing on neuropharmacology, neurological diseases, and simplified brain models. This is a detailed and comprehensive review of neural chip platforms. This work aims to fulfill the following three goals: (1) summarize the latest design patterns and fabrication schemes of such platforms, providing a reference for the development of other new platforms; (2) generalize several important applications of chip platforms in the field of neurology, which will attract the attention of scientists in the field; and (3) propose the developmental direction of neural chip platforms integrating microfluidic devices and microelectrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengyu Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rujing Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Pan X, Li J, Li W, Wang H, Durisic N, Li Z, Feng Y, Liu Y, Zhao CX, Wang T. Axons-on-a-chip for mimicking non-disruptive diffuse axonal injury underlying traumatic brain injury. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4541-4555. [PMID: 36318066 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the most severe pathological feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, how primary axonal injury is induced by transient mechanical impacts remains unknown, mainly due to the low temporal and spatial resolution of medical imaging approaches. Here we established an axon-on-a-chip (AoC) model for mimicking DAI and monitoring instant cellular responses. Integrating computational fluid dynamics and microfluidic techniques, DAI was induced by injecting a precisely controlled micro-flux in the transverse direction. The clear correlation between the flow speed of injecting flux and the severity of DAI was elucidated. We next used the AoC to investigate the instant intracellular responses underlying DAI and found that the dynamic formation of focal axonal swellings (FAS) accompanied by Ca2+ surge occurs during the flux. Surprisingly, periodic axonal cytoskeleton disruption also occurs rapidly after the flux. These instant injury responses are spatially restricted to the fluxed axon, not affecting the overall viability of the neuron in the acute stage. Compatible with high-resolution live microscopy, the AoC provides a versatile system to identify early mechanisms underlying DAI, offering a platform for screening effective treatments to alleviate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Pan
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haofei Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nela Durisic
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhenyu Li
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yu Feng
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Tong Wang
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Habibey R, Rojo Arias JE, Striebel J, Busskamp V. Microfluidics for Neuronal Cell and Circuit Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14842-14880. [PMID: 36070858 PMCID: PMC9523714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of microfluidic devices among the neuroscience and neurobiology communities has enabled addressing a broad range of questions at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels. Here, we review biomedical engineering approaches that harness the power of microfluidics for bottom-up generation of neuronal cell types and for the assembly and analysis of neural circuits. Microfluidics-based approaches are instrumental to generate the knowledge necessary for the derivation of diverse neuronal cell types from human pluripotent stem cells, as they enable the isolation and subsequent examination of individual neurons of interest. Moreover, microfluidic devices allow to engineer neural circuits with specific orientations and directionality by providing control over neuronal cell polarity and permitting the isolation of axons in individual microchannels. Similarly, the use of microfluidic chips enables the construction not only of 2D but also of 3D brain, retinal, and peripheral nervous system model circuits. Such brain-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip technologies are promising platforms for studying these organs as they closely recapitulate some aspects of in vivo biological processes. Microfluidic 3D neuronal models, together with 2D in vitro systems, are widely used in many applications ranging from drug development and toxicology studies to neurological disease modeling and personalized medicine. Altogether, microfluidics provide researchers with powerful systems that complement and partially replace animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rojo Arias
- Wellcome—MRC
Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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11
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Miny L, Maisonneuve BGC, Quadrio I, Honegger T. Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using In Vitro Compartmentalized Microfluidic Devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:919646. [PMID: 35813998 PMCID: PMC9263267 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.919646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a complex organ composed of many different types of cells interconnected to create an organized system able to efficiently process information. Dysregulation of this delicately balanced system can lead to the development of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). To investigate the functionality of human brain physiology and pathophysiology, the scientific community has been generated various research models, from genetically modified animals to two- and three-dimensional cell culture for several decades. These models have, however, certain limitations that impede the precise study of pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration, thus hindering therapeutical research and drug development. Compartmentalized microfluidic devices provide in vitro minimalistic environments to accurately reproduce neural circuits allowing the characterization of the human central nervous system. Brain-on-chip (BoC) is allowing our capability to improve neurodegeneration models on the molecular and cellular mechanism aspects behind the progression of these troubles. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest advancements of microfluidic models for the investigations of common neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Miny
- NETRI, Lyon, France
- BIORAN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | | | - Isabelle Quadrio
- BIORAN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon University Hospital, Bron, France
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12
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A Review on Microfluidic Platforms Applied to Nerve Regeneration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, microfluidics have significantly advanced nerve regeneration research. Microfluidic devices can provide an accurate simulation of in vivo microenvironment for different research purposes such as analyzing myelin growth inhibitory factors, screening drugs, assessing nerve growth factors, and exploring mechanisms of neural injury and regeneration. The microfluidic platform offers technical supports for nerve regeneration that enable precise spatio-temporal control of cells, such as neuron isolation, single-cell manipulation, neural patterning, and axon guidance. In this paper, we review the development and recent advances of microfluidic platforms for nerve regeneration research.
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13
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Srinivasan G, Brafman DA. The Emergence of Model Systems to Investigate the Link Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:813544. [PMID: 35211003 PMCID: PMC8862182 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.813544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an elevated risk for developing Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's-related dementias (AD/ADRD). Despite these connections, the underlying mechanisms by which TBI induces AD-related pathology, neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive decline have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the various in vivo and in vitro models that are being employed to provide more definite mechanistic relationships between TBI-induced mechanical injury and AD-related phenotypes. In particular, we will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each of these model systems as it relates to advancing the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to TBI-induced AD onset and progression as well as providing platforms to evaluate potential therapies. Finally, we will discuss how emerging methods including the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cultures and genome engineering technologies can be employed to generate better models of TBI-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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14
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Carvalho E, Morais M, Ferreira H, Silva M, Guimarães S, Pêgo A. A paradigm shift: Bioengineering meets mechanobiology towards overcoming remyelination failure. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Zhang KS, Nadkarni AV, Paul R, Martin AM, Tang SKY. Microfluidic Surgery in Single Cells and Multicellular Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7097-7141. [PMID: 35049287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microscale surgery on single cells and small organisms has enabled major advances in fundamental biology and in engineering biological systems. Examples of applications range from wound healing and regeneration studies to the generation of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibodies. Even today, these surgical operations are often performed manually, but they are labor intensive and lack reproducibility. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technology to control and manipulate cells and multicellular systems at the micro- and nanoscale with high precision. Here, we review the physical and chemical mechanisms of microscale surgery and the corresponding design principles, applications, and implementations in microfluidic systems. We consider four types of surgical operations: (1) sectioning, which splits a biological entity into multiple parts, (2) ablation, which destroys part of an entity, (3) biopsy, which extracts materials from within a living cell, and (4) fusion, which joins multiple entities into one. For each type of surgery, we summarize the motivating applications and the microfluidic devices developed. Throughout this review, we highlight existing challenges and opportunities. We hope that this review will inspire scientists and engineers to continue to explore and improve microfluidic surgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ambika V Nadkarni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rajorshi Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adrian M Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sindy K Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Varier P, Raju G, Madhusudanan P, Jerard C, Shankarappa SA. A Brief Review of In Vitro Models for Injury and Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:816. [PMID: 35055003 PMCID: PMC8775373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve axonal injury and associated cellular mechanisms leading to peripheral nerve damage are important topics of research necessary for reducing disability and enhancing quality of life. Model systems that mimic the biological changes that occur during human nerve injury are crucial for the identification of cellular responses, screening of novel therapeutic molecules, and design of neural regeneration strategies. In addition to in vivo and mathematical models, in vitro axonal injury models provide a simple, robust, and reductionist platform to partially understand nerve injury pathogenesis and regeneration. In recent years, there have been several advances related to in vitro techniques that focus on the utilization of custom-fabricated cell culture chambers, microfluidic chamber systems, and injury techniques such as laser ablation and axonal stretching. These developments seem to reflect a gradual and natural progression towards understanding molecular and signaling events at an individual axon and neuronal-soma level. In this review, we attempt to categorize and discuss various in vitro models of injury relevant to the peripheral nervous system and highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. Such models will help to recreate the post-injury microenvironment and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can accelerate nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahadev A. Shankarappa
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (P.V.); (G.R.); (P.M.); (C.J.)
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17
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Mateus JC, Lopes C, Aroso M, Costa AR, Gerós A, Meneses J, Faria P, Neto E, Lamghari M, Sousa MM, Aguiar P. Bidirectional flow of action potentials in axons drives activity dynamics in neuronal cultures. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34891149 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac41db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Recent technological advances are revealing the complex physiology of the axon and challenging long-standing assumptions. Namely, while most action potential (AP) initiation occurs at the axon initial segment in central nervous system neurons, initiation in distal parts of the axon has been reported to occur in both physiological and pathological conditions. The functional role of these ectopic APs, if exists, is still not clear, nor its impact on network activity dynamics.Approach. Using an electrophysiology platform specifically designed for assessing axonal conduction we show here for the first time regular and effective bidirectional axonal conduction in hippocampal and dorsal root ganglia cultures. We investigate and characterize this bidirectional propagation both in physiological conditions and after distal axotomy.Main results.A significant fraction of APs are not coming from the canonical synapse-dendrite-soma signal flow, but instead from signals originating at the distal axon. Importantly, antidromic APs may carry information and can have a functional impact on the neuron, as they consistently depolarize the soma. Thus, plasticity or gene transduction mechanisms triggered by soma depolarization can also be affected by these antidromic APs. Conduction velocity is asymmetrical, with antidromic conduction being slower than orthodromic.Significance.Altogether these findings have important implications for the study of neuronal functionin vitro, reshaping our understanding on how information flows in neuronal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mateus
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cdf Lopes
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Aroso
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Costa
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Gerós
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Meneses
- CDRSP-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development-Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Marinha Grande, Portugal.,IBEB-Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Faria
- CDRSP-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development-Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - E Neto
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Lamghari
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Sousa
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Aguiar
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Bang S, Hwang KS, Jeong S, Cho IJ, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. Engineered neural circuits for modeling brain physiology and neuropathology. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:379-400. [PMID: 34157452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling, motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the growing demand for the unraveling of the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, their fundamental investigation is hampered because of the inability to access the components of neural circuits and the complex microenvironment. As an alternative approach, in vitro human neural circuits show principles of in vivo human neuronal circuit function. They allow access to the cellular compartment and permit real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in reconstituted in vitro neural circuits using engineering techniques. To this end, we provide an overview of the fabrication techniques and methods for stimulation and measurement of in vitro neural circuits. Subsequently, representative examples of in vitro neural circuits are reviewed with a particular focus on the recapitulation of structures and functions observed in vivo, and we summarize their application in the study of various brain diseases. We believe that the in vitro neural circuits can help neuroscience and the neuropharmacology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the growing demand to unravel the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, the studies on the in vivo neural circuits are frequently limited due to the poor accessibility. Furthermore, single neuron-based analysis has an inherent limitation in that it does not reflect the full spectrum of the neural circuit physiology. As an alternative approach, in vitro engineered neural circuit models have arisen because they can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of in vivo neural circuits. These in vitro neural circuits allow the mimicking of dysregulation of the neural circuits, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Emerging in vitro engineered neural circuits will provide a better understanding of the (patho-)physiology of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hutter C, von Stosch M, Cruz Bournazou MN, Butté A. Knowledge transfer across cell lines using hybrid Gaussian process models with entity embedding vectors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4389-4401. [PMID: 34383309 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To date, a large number of experiments are performed to develop a biochemical process. The generated data is used only once, to take decisions for development. Could we exploit data of already developed processes to make predictions for a novel process, we could significantly reduce the number of experiments needed. Processes for different products exhibit differences in behaviour, typically only a subset behave similar. Therefore, effective learning on multiple product spanning process data requires a sensible representation of the product identity. We propose to represent the product identity (a categorical feature) by embedding vectors that serve as input to a Gaussian process regression model. We demonstrate how the embedding vectors can be learned from process data and show that they capture an interpretable notion of product similarity. The improvement in performance is compared to traditional one-hot encoding on a simulated cross product learning task. All in all, the proposed method could render possible significant reductions in wet-lab experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Hutter
- DataHow AG, Zurich, Switzerland.,Chair for Mathematical Information Science, ETH Zurich
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20
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Liu X, Fang J, Huang S, Wu X, Xie X, Wang J, Liu F, Zhang M, Peng Z, Hu N. Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:50. [PMID: 34567763 PMCID: PMC8433302 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death, despite enormous efforts to explore cancer biology and develop anticancer therapies. The main challenges in cancer research are establishing an efficient tumor microenvironment in vitro and exploring efficient means for screening anticancer drugs to reveal the nature of cancer and develop treatments. The tumor microenvironment possesses human-specific biophysical and biochemical factors that are difficult to recapitulate in conventional in vitro planar cell models and in vivo animal models. Therefore, model limitations have hindered the translation of basic research findings to clinical applications. In this review, we introduce the recent progress in tumor-on-a-chip devices for cancer biology research, medicine assessment, and biomedical applications in detail. The emerging tumor-on-a-chip platforms integrating 3D cell culture, microfluidic technology, and tissue engineering have successfully mimicked the pivotal structural and functional characteristics of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. The recent advances in tumor-on-a-chip platforms for cancer biology studies and biomedical applications are detailed and analyzed in this review. This review should be valuable for further understanding the mechanisms of the tumor evolution process, screening anticancer drugs, and developing cancer therapies, and it addresses the challenges and potential opportunities in predicting drug screening and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanmao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
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21
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Holloway PM, Willaime-Morawek S, Siow R, Barber M, Owens RM, Sharma AD, Rowan W, Hill E, Zagnoni M. Advances in microfluidic in vitro systems for neurological disease modeling. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1276-1307. [PMID: 33583054 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second largest cause of death worldwide. Despite significant research efforts, neurology remains one of the most failure-prone areas of drug development. The complexity of the human brain, boundaries to examining the brain directly in vivo, and the significant evolutionary gap between animal models and humans, all serve to hamper translational success. Recent advances in microfluidic in vitro models have provided new opportunities to study human cells with enhanced physiological relevance. The ability to precisely micro-engineer cell-scale architecture, tailoring form and function, has allowed for detailed dissection of cell biology using microphysiological systems (MPS) of varying complexities from single cell systems to "Organ-on-chip" models. Simplified neuronal networks have allowed for unique insights into neuronal transport and neurogenesis, while more complex 3D heterotypic cellular models such as neurovascular unit mimetics and "Organ-on-chip" systems have enabled new understanding of metabolic coupling and blood-brain barrier transport. These systems are now being developed beyond MPS toward disease specific micro-pathophysiological systems, moving from "Organ-on-chip" to "Disease-on-chip." This review gives an outline of current state of the art in microfluidic technologies for neurological disease research, discussing the challenges and limitations while highlighting the benefits and potential of integrating technologies. We provide examples of where such toolsets have enabled novel insights and how these technologies may empower future investigation into neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Holloway
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Barber
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anup D Sharma
- New Orleans BioInnovation Center, AxoSim Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wendy Rowan
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Eric Hill
- School of Life and Health sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Nikolakopoulou P, Rauti R, Voulgaris D, Shlomy I, Maoz BM, Herland A. Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system. Brain 2020; 143:3181-3213. [PMID: 33020798 PMCID: PMC7719033 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iftach Shlomy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Hamilton KA, Santhakumar V. Current ex Vivo and in Vitro Approaches to Uncovering Mechanisms of Neurological Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 14:18-24. [PMID: 32548365 PMCID: PMC7297186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury often leads to progressive alterations at the molecular to circuit levels resulting in epilepsy and memory impairments. Ex vivo and in vitro models have provided a powerful platform for investigating the multimodal alteration after trauma. Recent ex vivo analyses using voltage sensitive dye imaging, optogenetics, and glutamate uncaging have revealed circuit abnormalities following in vivo brain injury. In vitro injury models have enabled examination of early and progressive changes in activity while development of three-dimensional organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells have opened novel avenues for injury research. Here, we highlight recent advances in ex vivo and in vitro systems, focusing on their potential for advancing mechanistic understandings, possible limitations, and implications for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Andrew Hamilton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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24
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Omelchenko A, Singh NK, Firestein BL. Current advances in in vitro models of central nervous system trauma. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 14:34-41. [PMID: 32671312 PMCID: PMC7363028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CNS trauma is a prominent cause of mortality and morbidity, and although much effort has focused on developing treatments for CNS trauma-related pathologies, little progress has been made. Pre-clinical models of TBI and SCI suffer from significant drawbacks, which result in substantial failures during clinical translation of promising pre-clinical therapies. Here, we review recent advances made in the development of in vitro models of CNS trauma, the promises and drawbacks of current in vitro CNS injury models, and the attributes necessary for future models to accurately mimic the trauma microenvironment and facilitate CNS trauma drug discovery. The goal is to provide insight for the development of future CNS injury models and to aid researchers in selecting effective models for pre-clinical research of trauma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082
| | - Nisha K. Singh
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082
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25
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Lilley E, Andrews MR, Bradbury EJ, Elliott H, Hawkins P, Ichiyama RM, Keeley J, Michael-Titus AT, Moon LDF, Pluchino S, Riddell J, Ryder K, Yip PK. Refining rodent models of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113273. [PMID: 32142803 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This report was produced by an Expert Working Group (EWG) consisting of UK-based researchers, veterinarians and regulators of animal experiments with specialist knowledge of the use of animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). It aims to facilitate the implementation of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), with an emphasis on refinement. Specific animal welfare issues were identified and discussed, and practical measures proposed, with the aim of reducing animal use and suffering, reducing experimental variability, and increasing translatability within this critically important research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Lilley
- Research Animals Department, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK.
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, 3059, Life Sciences Bldg 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Elizabeth J Bradbury
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Heather Elliott
- Animals in Scientific Research Unit, 14th Floor, Lunar House, 40 Wellesley Road, Croydon CR9 2BY, UK.
| | - Penny Hawkins
- Research Animals Department, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK.
| | - Ronaldo M Ichiyama
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Jo Keeley
- University Biomedical Services, University of Cambridge, Greenwich House, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0TX, UK.
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- University Biomedical Services, University of Cambridge, Greenwich House, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0TX, UK.
| | - John Riddell
- Spinal Cord Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Kathy Ryder
- Animals in Scientific Research Unit, 14th Floor, Lunar House, 40 Wellesley Road, Croydon CR9 2BY, UK.
| | - Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK.
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26
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Abstract
The field of microfluidics allows for the precise spatial manipulation of small amounts of fluids. Within microstructures, laminar flow of fluids can be exploited to control the diffusion of small molecules, creating desired microenvironments for cells. Cellular neuroscience has benefited greatly from devices designed to fluidically isolate cell bodies and axons. Microfluidic devices specialized for neuron compartmentalization are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which is gas permeable, is compatible with fluorescence microscopy, and has low cost. These devices are commonly used to study signals initiated exclusively on axons, somatodendritic compartments, or even single synapses. We have also found that microfluidic devices allow for rapid, reproducible interrogation of axon degeneration. Here, we describe the methodology for assessing axonal degeneration in microfluidic devices. We describe several use cases, including enucleation (removal of cell bodies) and trophic deprivation to investigate axon degeneration in pathological and developmental scenarios, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yong
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christopher Hughes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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27
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Choi JH, Santhosh M, Choi JW. In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier-Integrated Neurological Disorder Models Using a Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E21. [PMID: 31878184 PMCID: PMC7019695 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays critical role in the human physiological system such as protection of the central nervous system (CNS) from external materials in the blood vessel, including toxicants and drugs for several neurological disorders, a critical type of human disease. Therefore, suitable in vitro BBB models with fluidic flow to mimic the shear stress and supply of nutrients have been developed. Neurological disorder has also been investigated for developing realistic models that allow advance fundamental and translational research and effective therapeutic strategy design. Here, we discuss introduction of the blood-brain barrier in neurological disorder models by leveraging a recently developed microfluidic system and human organ-on-a-chip system. Such models could provide an effective drug screening platform and facilitate personalized therapy of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
| | - Mallesh Santhosh
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
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28
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Alves JL, Rato J, Silva V. Why Does Brain Trauma Research Fail? World Neurosurg 2019; 130:115-121. [PMID: 31284053 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health care problem and a significant social and economic issue worldwide. Considering the generalized failure in introducing effective drugs and clinical protocols, there is an urgent need for efficient treatment modalities, able to improve devastating posttraumatic morbidity and mortality. In this work, the status of brain trauma research is analyzed in all its aspects, including basic and translational science and clinical trials. Implicit and explicit challenges to different lines of research are discussed and clinical trial structures and outcomes are scrutinized, along with possible explanations for systematic therapeutic failures and their implications for future development of drug and clinical trials. Despite significant advances in basic and clinical research in recent years, no specific therapeutic protocols for TBI have been shown to be effective. New potential therapeutic targets have been identified, following a better understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying TBI, although with disappointing results. Several reasons can be pinpointed at different levels, from inaccurate animal models of disease to faulty preclinical and clinical trials, with poor design and subjective outcome measures. Distinct strategies can be delineated to overcome specific shortcomings of research studies. Identifying and contextualizing the failures that have dominated TBI research is mandatory. This review analyzes current approaches and discusses possible strategies for improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Alves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Joana Rato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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SATO K, SATO M, YOKOYAMA M, HIRAI M, FURUTA A. Influence of Culture Conditions on Cell Proliferation in a Microfluidic Channel. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:49-56. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18sdp04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kae SATO
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Miwa SATO
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Mizuho YOKOYAMA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Mai HIRAI
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Aya FURUTA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
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30
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Grasman JM, Ferreira JA, Kaplan DL. Tissue Models for Neurogenesis and Repair in 3D. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1803822. [PMID: 32440261 PMCID: PMC7241596 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201803822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Development and maturation of vascular and neuronal tissues occurs simultaneously in utero, and are regulated by significant crosstalk. We report on the development of a 3D tissue system to model neurogenesis and recapitulate developmental signaling conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded inside channels within collagen gels to represent nascent vascular networks. Axons extending from chicken dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) grew significantly longer and preferentially towards the HUVEC seeded channels with respect to unloaded channels. To replicate these findings without the vascular component, channels were loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the principle signaling molecule in HUVEC-stimulated axonal growth, and axons likewise were significantly longer and grew preferentially towards the BDNF-loaded channels with respect to controls. This 3D tissue system was then used as an in vitro replicate for peripheral nerve injury, with neural repair observed within 2 weeks. These results demonstrate that our 3D tissue system can model neural network formation, repair after laceration injuries, and can be utilized to further study how these networks form and interact with other tissues, such as skin or skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L. Kaplan
- Address Correspondence to: David L. Kaplan, Ph.D., Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, Tel: 617-627-3251, Fax: 617-627-3231,
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31
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Abstract
The blood vessel is part of the circulatory system, and systemic circulation provides the blood supply to all tissues. Arteries are pathways through which the blood is carried, and the capillaries have a key role in material exchange to maintain the tissue environment. Blood vessels have structures appropriate for their functions, and their sizes and cell types are different. In this review, we introduced recent studies of the microfluidic vascular models. The model structures are classified mainly as poly(dimethylsiloxane) and hydrogel microchannels and self-assembled networks. Basic phenomena and functions were realized in vascular models, including fluid shear stress, cell strain, interstitial flow, endothelial permeation, angiogenesis, and thrombosis. In some models, endothelial cells were co-cultured with smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts in an extracellular matrix. Examples of vascular models involving the brain, lung, liver, kidney, placenta, and cancer were also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Sato
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University
| | - Kiichi Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
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32
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Zahn JD. Microdevice Development and Artificial Organs. Artif Organs 2018; 43:17-20. [PMID: 30260017 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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33
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Shrirao AB, Fritz Z, Novik EM, Yarmush GM, Schloss RS, Zahn JD, Yarmush ML. Microfluidic flow cytometry: The role of microfabrication methodologies, performance and functional specification. TECHNOLOGY 2018; 6:1-23. [PMID: 29682599 PMCID: PMC5907470 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547818300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool utilized in modern biomedical research and clinical applications requiring high throughput, high resolution particle analysis for cytometric characterization and/or sorting of cells and particles as well as for analyzing results from immunocytometric assays. In recent years, research has focused on developing microfluidic flow cytometers with the motivation of creating smaller, less expensive, simpler, and more autonomous alternatives to conventional flow cytometers. These devices could ideally be highly portable, easy to operate without extensive user training, and utilized for research purposes and/or point-of-care diagnostics especially in limited resource facilities or locations requiring on-site analyses. However, designing a device that fulfills the criteria of high throughput analysis, automation and portability, while not sacrificing performance is not a trivial matter. This review intends to present the current state of the field and provide considerations for further improvement by focusing on the key design components of microfluidic flow cytometers. The recent innovations in particle focusing and detection strategies are detailed and compared. This review outlines performance matrix parameters of flow cytometers that are interdependent with each other, suggesting trade offs in selection based on the requirements of the applications. The ongoing contribution of microfluidics demonstrates that it is a viable technology to advance the current state of flow cytometry and develop automated, easy to operate and cost-effective flow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Eric M Novik
- Hurel Corporation, 671, Suite B, U.S. Highway 1, North Brunswick, NJ 08902
| | - Gabriel M Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jeffrey D Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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