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Lu Q, Yang H, Feng S, Xie X, Liu S, Zhu H, Su Z, Zhou Y, Tang H. Establishment of a UPLC-MS method for quantitative analysis of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in IBS-D model rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 251:116426. [PMID: 39180894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Abnormalities in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism induce abdominal pain and intestinal motility disorders. The study of TRP metabolism in diarrhea-predominant-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is important for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was established to quantify tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-Kyn) metabolism in the colon of a rat model with IBS-D. Methods The proteins were precipitated by methanol, chromatographically separated on a Welch Ultimate® Polar RP column with a gradient elution for 12 min, and detected by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Pure water were used as an alternative mechanism for standard calibration, and the stable structural analog 2-Cl-Phe was used as an internal standard. Results Within a certain range, the r of TRP, kynurenine (Kyn) and quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenic acid (KA) are greater than 0.99, were found to be accurate and precise. The metabolism of TRP was significantly up-regulated along the Kyn pathway in the IBS-D model rats and normalized after treatment with pivacurium bromide. Conclusion This study investigates the mechanisms of IBS-D gastrointestinal dysfunction from the perspective of colonic TRP metabolism, and also provides new directions for the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Chongqing Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Chongqing Beibei District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Huifei Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Siqi Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - He Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Hongmei Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Del Sole R, Stomeo T, Mergola L. Disposable Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Rapid Electrochemical Detection of l-Kynurenine in Human Urine. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 38201667 PMCID: PMC10780426 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
l-Kynurenine (l-Kyn) is an endogenous metabolite produced in the catabolic route of l-Tryptophan (l-Trp), and it is a potential biomarker of several immunological disorders. Thus, the development of a fast and cheap technology for the specific detection of l-Kyn in biological fluids is of great relevance, especially considering its recent correlation with SARS-CoV-2 disease progression. Herein, a disposable screen-printed electrode based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been constructed: the o-Phenylenediamine monomer, in the presence of l-Kyn as a template with a molar ratio of monomer/template of 1/4, has been electropolymerized on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The optimized kyn-MIP-SPCE has been characterized via cyclic voltammetry (CV), using [Fe(CN)6)]3-/4- as a redox probe and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. After the optimization of various experimental parameters, such as the number of CV electropolymerization cycles, urine pretreatment, electrochemical measurement method and incubation period, l-Kyn has been detected in standard solutions via square wave voltammetry (SWV) with a linear range between 10 and 100 μM (R2 = 0.9924). The MIP-SPCE device allowed l-Kyn detection in human urine in a linear range of 10-1000 μM (R2 = 0.9902) with LOD and LOQ values of 1.5 and 5 µM, respectively. Finally, a high selectivity factor α (5.1) was calculated for l-Kyn toward l-Trp. Moreover, the Imprinting Factor obtained for l-Kyn was about seventeen times higher than the IF calculated for l-Trp. The developed disposable sensing system demonstrated its potential application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Del Sole
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Stomeo
- Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Italy;
| | - Lucia Mergola
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Mrštná K, Kujovská Krčmová L, Švec F. Advances in kynurenine analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117441. [PMID: 37321530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine, the first product of tryptophan degradation via the kynurenine pathway, has become one of the most frequently mentioned biomarkers in recent years. Its levels in the body indicate the state of the human physiology. Human serum and plasma are the main matrixes used to evaluate kynurenine levels and liquid chromatography is the dominant technique for its determination. However, their concentrations in blood do not always correspond to the levels in other matrixes obtained from the affected individuals. It is therefore important to decide when it is appropriate to analyse kynurenine in alternative matrices. However, liquid chromatography may not be the best option for the analysis. This review presents alternatives that can be used and summarizes the features that need to be considered prior to kynurenine determination. Possible approaches to kynurenine analysis in a variety of human matrixes, their challenges, and limitations are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mrštná
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - L Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - F Švec
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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4
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A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the metabolites in the tryptophan pathway in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gáspár R, Halmi D, Demján V, Berkecz R, Pipicz M, Csont T. Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Potential Clinical Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:768560. [PMID: 35211110 PMCID: PMC8861075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle, genetic background, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, age, etc. contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease. Inflammation plays an important role in coronary artery disease development and progression. Pro-inflammatory signals promote the degradation of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway resulting in the formation of several immunomodulatory metabolites. An unbalanced kynurenic pathway has been implicated in the pathomechanisms of various diseases including CAD. Significant improvements in detection methods in the last decades may allow simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and such a thorough analysis of the kynurenine pathway may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and determination of CAD prognosis. Nevertheless, imbalance in the activities of different branches of the kynurenine pathway may require careful interpretation. In this review, we aim to summarize clinical evidence supporting a possible use of kynurenine pathway metabolites as clinical biomarkers in various manifestations of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Gáspár
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Halmi
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Virág Demján
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Sadok I, Staniszewska M. Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites-Challenges and Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7152. [PMID: 34770460 PMCID: PMC8588338 DOI: 10.3390/s21217152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway has become one of the most active research areas thanks to its involvement in a variety of physiological processes, especially in conditions associated with immune dysfunction, central nervous system disorders, autoimmunity, infection, diabetes, and cancer. The kynurenine pathway generates several metabolites with immunosuppressive functions or neuroprotective, antioxidant, or toxic properties. An increasing body of work on this topic uncovers a need for reliable analytical methods to help identify and quantify tryptophan metabolites at physiological concentrations in biological samples of different origins. Recent methodological advances in the fabrication and application of electrochemical sensors promise a rise in the future generation of novel analytical systems. This work summarizes current knowledge and provides important suggestions with respect to direct electrochemical determinations of kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in complex biological matrices. Measurement challenges, limitations, and future opportunities of electroanalytical methods to advance study of the implementation of kynurenines in disease conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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7
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Sadok I, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Mroczka R, Staniszewska M. Simultaneous voltammetric analysis of tryptophan and kynurenine in culture medium from human cancer cells. Talanta 2020; 209:120574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Brooks EL, Mutengwa VS, Abdalla A, Yeoman MS, Patel BA. Determination of tryptophan metabolism from biological tissues and fluids using high performance liquid chromatography with simultaneous dual electrochemical detection. Analyst 2019; 144:6011-6018. [PMID: 31538156 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin and kynurenine are formed following metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Both molecules play important biological roles and the balance of how tryptophan metabolism varies to either the serotonin or kynurenine pathway may provide key insight into the inflammatory status of the biological region. At present complex chromatographic methods are utilised which predominately focus on either monitoring analytes in the serotonin or kynurenine pathway rather than both. Our study develops a simple yet robust methodology for the monitoring of tryptophan metabolism. We utilised isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with simultaneously dual electrochemical detection. This approach allowed for separation of co-eluted analytes and identification of analytes from both pathways within 14 minutes. For all analytes, limits of detection were <35 nM. No crosstalk was observed when dual simultaneous detection was conducted in a radial flow cell. Responses from the hippocampus, blood and ileum mucosa highlighted that each region had a varying ratio of serotonin to kynurenine pathway, indicating varied approaches to tryptophan metabolism. The developed method can monitor how the metabolism of tryptophan varies between the two pathways which can provide insight into the inflammatory state of reach region with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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9
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Zhao Y, Wang B, Liu J, Sun P, Liu H. An overview on the methods of determining the activity of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1. J Drug Target 2018; 27:724-731. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1523416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuandi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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10
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Du TT, Cui T, Qiu HM, Wang NR, Huang D, Jiang XH. Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid and two monoamines in rat plasma by HPLC-ECD/DAD. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:8-14. [PMID: 29843007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method with a diode array and an electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD/DAD) was developed to determine the levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in rat plasma. The prepared samples were separated on a BDS column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 mm) with column oven temperature of 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of 5% acetonitrile and a buffer solution, which contained 25 mmol/L sodium acetate and 0.01 mmol/L EDTA, adjusting pH to 4.5 with acetic acid, and it was pumped at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. KYN and KYA were measured by a variable wavelength detector at wavelengths 360 nm and 333 nm respectively, TRP and vanillic acid (as IS) both were measured at 280 nm. Determination of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was accomplished at the electrochemical working potential of 700 mV. Total run time was 14 min. Several parameters of the developed method were validated including linearity, accuracy precision, and stability. The results showed the established method had good LOD and separation for all of the five compounds and IS in the biological matrix. The method is simple, fast, economical and accurate. The analytical method and the results could provide a reference for the clinical and scientific research of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Hong-Mei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | | | - Dan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Dong L, Zhang Y, Duan X, Zhu X, Sun H, Xu J. Chiral PEDOT-Based Enantioselective Electrode Modification Material for Chiral Electrochemical Sensing: Mechanism and Model of Chiral Recognition. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9695-9702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Youshan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xuemin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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12
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Sadok I, Gamian A, Staniszewska MM. Chromatographic analysis of tryptophan metabolites. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3020-3045. [PMID: 28590049 PMCID: PMC5575536 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway generates multiple tryptophan metabolites called collectively kynurenines and leads to formation of the enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The first step in this pathway is tryptophan degradation, initiated by the rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, depending on the tissue. The balanced kynurenine metabolism, which has been a subject of multiple studies in last decades, plays an important role in several physiological and pathological conditions such as infections, autoimmunity, neurological disorders, cancer, cataracts, as well as pregnancy. Understanding the regulation of tryptophan depletion provide novel diagnostic and treatment opportunities, however it requires reliable methods for quantification of kynurenines in biological samples with complex composition (body fluids, tissues, or cells). Trace concentrations, interference of sample components, and instability of some tryptophan metabolites need to be addressed using analytical methods. The novel separation approaches and optimized extraction protocols help to overcome difficulties in analyzing kynurenines within the complex tissue material. Recent developments in chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry provide new opportunity for quantification of tryptophan and its degradation products in various biological samples. In this review, we present current accomplishments in the chromatographic methodologies proposed for detection of tryptophan metabolites and provide a guide for choosing the optimal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary ResearchThe John Paul II Catholic University of LublinLublinPoland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical MicrobiologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
- Department of Medical BiochemistryWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Magdalena Maria Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary ResearchThe John Paul II Catholic University of LublinLublinPoland
- Laboratory of Medical MicrobiologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
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Karami P, Majidi MR, Johari-Ahar M, Barar J, Omidi Y. Development of screen-printed tryptophan-kynurenine immunosensor for in vitro assay of kynurenine-mediated immunosuppression effect of cancer cells on activated T-cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 92:287-293. [PMID: 27840038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods that respond to the emerging need to perform rapid 'in situ' analyses of human metabolic pathways (HMPs) demonstrates disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) as an alternative to the traditional tools. In the kynurenine pathway, one of the important HMPs, increased production of kynurenine (Kyn) as a main catabolite of tryptophan (Trp) degradation is involved in the immuno-editing process supporting cancer cells in escaping from the human immune system. In the current study, we demonstrate the development of a screen-printed potentiometric immunosensor for in vitro evaluation of Trp consumption and Kyn production controlled by cancer cells in response to the activated T-lymphocytes. To engineer this immunosensor, uniform layer of carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was deposited on gold screen-printed electrode (AuSPE), and afterwards monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to l-kynurenine was covalently conjugated with the MWCNT modified AuSPE. The engineered immunosensor was examined in monitoring Trp consumption and Kyn production in metastatic (Calu-6, NCI-H1299, and HT29) and nonmetastatic (HepG2 and 1321NI) cancer cell lines. Without applying preparation and separation steps, this Trp-Kyn immunosensor offers an improved limit of detection (0.5nM and 120nM for Kyn and Trp detection, respectively) and a broad linear range of detection (LRD: 0.001-1µM and 1-100µM for Kyn, and 0.1-300µM for Trp detection). However, this immunosensor was successfully used for in situ analysis of Kyn that are produced during immuno-editing process in cell culture media, and could reveal that Trp consumption and Kyn production by highly metastatic cancer cells (HT29) were significantly higher than nonmetastatic HepG2 cancer cells. Owing to the screen-printed nature, such kind of biosensors have capability of being integrated into lab-on-a-chip (LOC), microfluidics, and micro total analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Karami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty of Tabriz University, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty of Tabriz University, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Johari-Ahar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ArUMS), Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sensitive and selective determination of l -tryptophan at physiological pH using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes–nanostructured conducting polymer composite modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Xiao C, Chen Y, Liang X, Xie Z, Zhang M, Li R, Li Z, Fu X, Yu X, Shi W. A modified HPLC method improves the simultaneous determination of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan concentrations in patients following maintenance hemodialysis. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:907-910. [PMID: 24669249 PMCID: PMC3961120 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ratio between plasma kynurenine (Kyn) and tryptophan (Trp) serves as a marker of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, a critical immunomodulatory molecule. Simultaneous detection of the two markers may be performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, for uremic patients, the conventional detection method may be affected by a range of accumulated toxins. The current study aimed to establish a method for the simultaneous measurement of Kyn and Trp in patients following maintenance hemodialysis via HPLC-ultraviolet detection. The procedure involved the use of a SinoChrom ODS-BP C18 column (4.6×150 mm; inner diameter, 4.5 μm) and a mobile phase of 15 mmol/l sodium acetate acetic acid solution (containing 5% acetonitrile, pH 4.8). The modified method was verified using plasma samples from 10 healthy controls and 91 maintenance hemodialysis patients. The results demonstrated that the modified method was successful in simultaneously detecting the concentrations of Trp and Kyn in the healthy controls and maintenance hemodialysis patients. The method is simple, fast, accurate and suitable for clinical and research purposes in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggen Xiao
- Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China ; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China ; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510081, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China ; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xia Fu
- Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China ; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510081, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong 510080, P.R. China
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16
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Long Y, Zhang W, Wang F, Chen Z. Simultaneous determination of three curcuminoids in Curcuma longa L. by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:325-330. [PMID: 29403896 PMCID: PMC5761211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for analysis of three active components curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin in Curcuma longa L. was developed by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection. Three curcuminoids were well separated on a C18 column and detected with high sensitivity. A mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 10 mM Na2HPO4-H3PO4 (pH 5.0) (50:50, v/v) was used. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.208-41.6, 0.197-39.4, and 0.227-114 μM for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin respectively. The limit of detection reached up to 10-8 M, which was lower than that by UV detection. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 1.06% to 1.88% for intra-day precision and from 4.30% to 5.79% for inter-day precision, respectively. The proposed method has been applied in real herb sample and recoveries ranging from 86.3% to 111% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Long
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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17
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Rang Y, Zhang W, Chen Z. Determination of Kynurenine and Tryptophan in Human Plasma by Stacking-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.803246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Ohashi H, Iizuka H, Yoshihara S, Otani H, Kume M, Sadamoto K, Ichiba H, Fukushima T. Determination of l-tryptophan and l-kynurenine in Human Serum by using LC-MS after Derivatization with (R)-DBD-PyNCS. Int J Tryptophan Res 2013; 6:9-14. [PMID: 23922499 PMCID: PMC3729339 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) and its metabolite, l-kynurenine (l-KYN), in sera of 19 normal subjects (age: 23.6 ± 3.5 y, male: 8, female: 11) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection, following their derivatization with (R)-(−)-4-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PyNCS). A significant positive correlation between l-Trp and l-KYN concentrations was observed (r = 0.532, P < 0.05). Serum l-Trp concentration in male subjects (95.65 ± 4.27 μM) was significantly higher than that in female subjects (79.20 ± 3.34 μM; P < 0.05), while no significant differences in l-KYN concentration or the l-KYN:l-Trp ratio were observed between male and female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohashi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Deiana L, Talanas G, Terrosu P, Carru C. Simultaneous analysis of kynurenine and tryptophan in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1146-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Sassari; Italy
| | - Luca Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Sassari; Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talanas
- Division of Cardiology-Catheterization Laboratory; SS. Annunziata Hospital; Sassari; Italy
| | - PierFranco Terrosu
- Division of Cardiology-Catheterization Laboratory; SS. Annunziata Hospital; Sassari; Italy
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20
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Liu L, Chen Z. Analysis of four alkaloids of Coptis chinensis in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 737:99-104. [PMID: 22769040 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and precise high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrochemical detection (ECD) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four isoquinoline alkaloids including berberine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine and palmatine in Chinese medicine Coptis chinensis. The typical HPLC analysis was performed on WondaSil(®) C18-WR column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase comprising 40 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) at the flow rate of 0.8 mL min(-1). The electrochemical detection employed a three electrode system with a bare glassy carbon electrode at +1.3 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The limits of detection (LODs) of four alkaloids ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 μmol L(-1) and the LOD of berberine was 80 times lower than LOD obtained by UV detection. The rat plasma samples were assayed after oral administration of the traditional Chinese medicine Coptis chinensis by the proposed HPLC-ECD method. The recoveries of this method were ranging from 88.0 to 116%, with the relative standard deviation lower than 3.1% for intra-day precision and 5.7% for inter-day precision. These results show that HPLC-ECD is a useful tool for the quality control of herbal medicine Coptis chinensis and also for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Liu L, Li S, Chen Z. Simultaneous determination of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in herbal medicine Stephania tetrandra S. Moore by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 61:252-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Ye D, Luo L, Ding Y, Liu B, Liu X. Fabrication of Co3O4 nanoparticles-decorated graphene composite for determination of l-tryptophan. Analyst 2012; 137:2840-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Chen Q, Li Y, Chen Z. Separation, identification, and quantification of active constituents in Fructus Psoraleae by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV, ion trap mass spectrometry, and electrochemical detection. J Pharm Anal 2011; 2:143-151. [PMID: 29403734 PMCID: PMC5760910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of active constituents in Fructus Psoraleae is presented by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detections. Extracts of Fructus Psoraleae were examined by HPLC with ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) and 18 major compounds of coumarins, benzofuran glycosides, flavonoids, and meroterpene were identified. The determination of four major constituents including bavachin, isobavachalcone, bavachinin, and bakuchiol was accomplished by HPLC with UV, MS, and electrochemical detection (ECD). These methods were evaluated for a number of validation characteristics (repeatability, LOD, calibration range, and recovery). ECD obtained a high sensitivity for analysis of the four components; MS provided a high selectivity and sensitivity for determination of bavachin, isobavachalcone, and bavachinin in negative-ion mode. After optimization of the methods, separation, identification. and quantification of the four components in Fructus Psoraleae were comprehensively tested by HPLC with UV, MS, and ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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