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Feng AY, Barbosa DAN, Casey AB, Rijsketic DR, Salgado JS, Huang H, Malenka RC, Hermes D, Miller KJ, Halpern CH, Heifets BD. Cross-species brain-wide mapping reveals a conserved and coordinated network engaged by NAc DBS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.08.611940. [PMID: 39314466 PMCID: PMC11419029 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.08.611940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens (NAc) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly explored as a treatment modality for refractory neuropsychiatric disorders. Uncovering the accumbens network that is engaged by DBS is a critical step forward in understanding how modulating this important node impacts the broader mesocorticolimbic circuit. Using whole-brain clearing and unbiased, brain-wide neural activity mapping, we found that NAc DBS increases neural activity in a coordinated mesocorticolimbic network in mice. Simultaneous intracranial electrophysiology recordings from the human NAc and brief stimulation epochs of homologous mesocorticolimbic nodes revealed similar connectivity. Altogether, these results identify specific connectivity conserved across species within the mesocorticolimbic circuit that may underlie mechanisms of NAc DBS.
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Chen X, Li J, Yang Y, Lv L, Wang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang Z. State-specific Regulation of Electrical Stimulation in the Intralaminar Thalamus of Macaque Monkeys: Network and Transcriptional Insights into Arousal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402718. [PMID: 38938001 PMCID: PMC11434125 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Long-range thalamocortical communication is central to anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness and its reversal. However, isolating the specific neural networks connecting thalamic nuclei with various cortical regions for state-specific anesthesia regulation is challenging, with the biological underpinnings still largely unknown. Here, simultaneous electroencephalogram-fuctional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) and deep brain stimulation are applied to the intralaminar thalamus in macaques under finely-tuned propofol anesthesia. This approach led to the identification of an intralaminar-driven network responsible for rapid arousal during slow-wave oscillations. A network-based RNA-sequencing analysis is conducted of region-, layer-, and cell-specific gene expression data from independent transcriptomic atlases and identifies 2489 genes preferentially expressed within this arousal network, notably enriched in potassium channels and excitatory, parvalbumin-expressing neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Comparison with human RNA-sequencing data highlights conserved molecular and cellular architectures that enable the matching of homologous genes, protein interactions, and cell types across primates, providing novel insight into network-focused transcriptional signatures of arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Rd, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yichun Huang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Institute of Natural Sciences and School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Computer Interface Transition Research Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring Rd West, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East of Jiaochang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East of Jiaochang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Middle Rd, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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Modak P, Fine J, Colon B, Need E, Cheng H, Hulvershorn L, Finn P, Brown JW. Temporal interference electrical neurostimulation at 20 Hz beat frequency leads to increased fMRI BOLD activation in orbitofrontal cortex in humans. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:867-875. [PMID: 39059712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal interference electrical neurostimulation (TI) is a relatively new method of non-invasive neurostimulation that may be able to stimulate deep brain regions without stimulating the overlying superficial regions. Although some recent studies have demonstrated the success of TI in modulating task-induced BOLD activity in humans, there is limited information on intended and off-target effects of TI during resting-state. We simultaneously performed TI stimulation with the set-up optimized for maximum focality in the left caudate and collected resting-state fMRI data to investigate the effects of TI on human BOLD signals. We found increased BOLD activation in a part of the mid-orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and parahippocampal gyrus. Results indicate that TI can induce increased BOLD activation in the region that receives the highest magnitude of TI amplitude modulation in humans, with good safety and tolerability profiles. We also show the limits of spatial precision and explore the nature and causes of additional off-target effects. TI may be a promising approach for addressing questions about the causal role of deep brain structures in human cognition and may also afford new clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Modak
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Justin Fine
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brayden Colon
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ella Need
- The Family Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Hu Cheng
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Hulvershorn
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Finn
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Joshua W Brown
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Engin A. The Unrestrained Overeating Behavior and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:167-198. [PMID: 39287852 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-related co-morbidities decrease life quality, reduce working ability, and lead to early death. In the adult population, eating addiction manifests with excessive food consumption and the unrestrained overeating behavior, which is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality and defined as the binge eating disorder (BED). This hedonic intake is correlated with fat preference and the total amount of dietary fat consumption is the most potent risk factor for weight gain. Long-term BED leads to greater sensitivity to the rewarding effects of palatable foods and results in obesity fatefully. Increased plasma concentrations of non-esterified free fatty acids and lipid-overloaded hypertrophic adipocytes may cause insulin resistance. In addition to dietary intake of high-fat diet, sedentary lifestyle leads to increased storage of triglycerides not only in adipose tissue but also ectopically in other tissues. Lipid-induced apoptosis, ceramide accumulation, reactive oxygen species overproduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction play role in the pathogenesis of lipotoxicity. Food addiction and BED originate from complex action of dopaminergic, opioid, and cannabinoid systems. BED may also be associated with both obesity and major depressive disorder. For preventing morbidity and mortality, as well as decreasing the impact of obesity-related comorbidities in appropriately selected patients, opiate receptor antagonists and antidepressant combination are recommended. Pharmacotherapy alongside behavioral management improves quality of life and reduces the obesity risk; however, the number of licensed drugs is very few. Thus, stereotactic treatment is recommended to break down the refractory obesity and binge eating in obese patient. As recent applications in the field of non-invasive neuromodulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are thought to be important in image-guided deep brain stimulation in humans. Chronic overnutrition most likely provides repetitive and persistent signals that up-regulate inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) kinase beta subunit/NF-κB (IKKβ/NF-κB) in the hypothalamus before the onset of obesity. However, how the mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced peripheral signals affect the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus remain largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Li SJ, Lo YC, Tseng HY, Lin SH, Kuo CH, Chen TC, Chang CW, Liang YW, Lin YC, Wang CY, Cho TY, Wang MH, Chen CT, Chen YY. Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors through BDNF-mediated alterations in brain functional connectivity of dopaminergic pathway. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 26:100566. [PMID: 37664874 PMCID: PMC10474237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common psychiatric condition, adversely affects patients' moods and quality of life. Despite the development of various treatments, many patients with MDD remain vulnerable and inadequately controlled. Since anhedonia is a feature of depression and there is evidence of leading to metabolic disorder, deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) might be promising in modulating the dopaminergic pathway. To determine whether NAc-DBS alters glucose metabolism via mitochondrial alteration and neurogenesis and whether these changes increase neural plasticity that improves behavioral functions in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. The Lab-designed MR-compatible neural probes were implanted in the bilateral NAc of C57BL/6 mice with and without CSDS, followed by DBS or sham stimulation. All animals underwent open-field and sucrose preference testing, and brain resting-state functional MRI analysis. Meanwhile, we checked the placement of neural probes in each mouse by T2 images. By confirming the placement location, mice with incorrect probe placement (the negative control group) showed no significant therapeutic effects in behavioral performance and functional connectivity (FC) after receiving electrical stimulation and were excluded from further analysis. Western blotting, seahorse metabolic analysis, and electron microscopy were further applied for the investigation of NAc-DBS. We found NAc-DBS restored emotional deficits in CSDS-subjected mice. Concurrent with behavioral amelioration, the CSDS DBS-on group exhibited enhanced FC in the dopaminergic pathway with increased expression of BDNF- and NeuN-positive cells increased dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptors, and TH in the medial prefrontal cortex, NAc, ventral hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala. Increased pAMPK/total AMPK and PGC-1α levels, functions of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis were also observed after NAc-DBS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that NAc-DBS can promote BDNF expression, which alters FC and metabolic profile in the dopaminergic pathway, suggesting a potential strategy for ameliorating emotional processes in individuals with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97002, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Taipei, 115024, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Yu Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Hua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Te Chen
- Abbott Medical Taiwan Co, 5/F No. 407, Ruei-Guang Rd., Taipei, 11492, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
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6
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Barbosa DAN, Kuijper FM, Duda J, Wang AR, Cartmell SCD, Saluja S, Cunningham T, Shivacharan RS, Bhati MT, Safer DL, Lock JD, Malenka RC, de Oliveira-Souza R, Williams NR, Grossman M, Gee JC, McNab JA, Bohon C, Halpern CH. Aberrant impulse control circuitry in obesity. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3374-3384. [PMID: 35697760 PMCID: PMC9192250 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuit has been implicated in impulsive reward-seeking. This disinhibition has been implicated in obesity and often manifests as binge eating, which is associated with worse treatment outcomes and comorbidities. It remains unclear whether the vmPFC-NAc circuit is perturbed in impulsive eaters with obesity. Initially, we analyzed publicly available, high-resolution, normative imaging data to localize where vmPFC structural connections converged within the NAc. These structural connections were found to converge ventromedially in the presumed NAc shell subregion. We then analyzed multimodal clinical and imaging data to test the a priori hypothesis that the vmPFC-NAc shell circuit is linked to obesity in a sample of female participants that regularly engaged in impulsive eating (i.e., binge eating). Functionally, vmPFC-NAc shell resting-state connectivity was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and decreased in the obese state. Structurally, vmPFC-NAc shell structural connectivity and vmPFC thickness were inversely correlated with BMI; obese binge-prone participants exhibited decreased vmPFC-NAc structural connectivity and vmPFC thickness. Finally, to examine a causal link to binge eating, we directly probed this circuit in one binge-prone obese female using NAc deep brain stimulation in a first-in-human trial. Direct stimulation of the NAc shell subregion guided by local behaviorally relevant electrophysiology was associated with a decrease in number of weekly episodes of uncontrolled eating and decreased BMI. This study unraveled vmPFC-NAc shell circuit aberrations in obesity that can be modulated to restore control over eating behavior in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A N Barbosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fiene Marie Kuijper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Duda
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allan R Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel C D Cartmell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabir Saluja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tricia Cunningham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajat S Shivacharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahendra T Bhati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debra L Safer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James D Lock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nolan R Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Gee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A McNab
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Casey H Halpern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, PA, Philadelphia, USA.
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7
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Life extension factor klotho regulates behavioral responses to stress via modulation of GluN2B function in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1710-1720. [PMID: 35449449 PMCID: PMC9283408 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a life extension factor that has the ability to regulate the function of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), whose dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) underlies critical aspects of the pathophysiology of major depression. Here, we study the functional relevance of klotho in the pathogenesis of depression. A chronic social defeat stress paradigm, in which mice are categorized as either susceptible or unsusceptible based on their performance in a social interaction test, was used in this study. We found that the expression of klotho was largely decreased in the NAc of susceptible mice compared to control or unsusceptible mice. Genetic knockdown of klotho in the NAc induced behavioral alterations relevant to depression in naive mice, while overexpression of klotho produced an antidepressive effect in normal mice and ameliorated the behavioral responses to stress in susceptible mice. Molecularly, knockdown of klotho in the NAc resulted in selective decreases in total and synaptic GluN2B expression that were identical to those in susceptible mice. Elevation of klotho in the NAc reversed the reductions in GluN2B expressions and altered synaptic transmission and spine density in the NAc of susceptible mice. Furthermore, blockade of GluN2B with a specific antagonist abolished the beneficial effects of klotho elevation in susceptible mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that klotho in the NAc modulates behavioral responses to stress by regulating the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These results reveal a novel role for klotho in the pathogenesis of depression, providing new insights into the molecular basis of major depression.
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Common and differential connectivity profiles of deep brain stimulation and capsulotomy in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1020-1030. [PMID: 34703025 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neurosurgical interventions including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and capsulotomy have been demonstrated effective for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although treatment-shared/-specific network mechanisms remain largely unclear. We retrospectively analyzed resting-state fMRI data from three cohorts: a cross-sectional dataset of 186 subjects (104 OCD and 82 healthy controls), and two longitudinal datasets of refractory patients receiving ventral capsule/ventral striatum DBS (14 OCD) and anterior capsulotomy (27 OCD). We developed a machine learning model predictive of OCD symptoms (indexed by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Y-BOCS) based on functional connectivity profiles and used graphic measures of network communication to characterize treatment-induced profile changes. We applied a linear model on 2 levels treatments (DBS or capsulotomy) and outcome to identify whether pre-surgical network communication was associated with differential treatment outcomes. We identified 54 functional connectivities within fronto-subcortical networks significantly predictive of Y-BOCS score in patients across 3 independent cohorts, and observed a coexisting pattern of downregulated cortico-subcortical and upregulated cortico-cortical network communication commonly shared by DBS and capsulotomy. Furthermore, increased cortico-cortical communication at ventrolateral and centrolateral prefrontal cortices induced by DBS and capsulotomy contributed to improvement of mood and anxiety symptoms, respectively (p < 0.05). Importantly, pretreatment communication of ventrolateral and centrolateral prefrontal cortices were differentially predictive of mood and anxiety improvements by DBS and capsulotomy (effect sizes = 0.45 and 0.41, respectively). These findings unravel treatment-shared and treatment-specific network characteristics induced by DBS and capsulotomy, which may facilitate the search of potential evidence-based markers for optimally selecting among treatment options for a patient.
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Regular exposure to a Citrus-based sensory functional food ingredient alleviates the BOLD brain responses to acute pharmacological stress in a pig model of psychosocial chronic stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243893. [PMID: 33370353 PMCID: PMC7769264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial chronic stress is a critical risk factor for the development of mood disorders. However, little is known about the consequences of acute stress in the context of chronic stress, and about the related brain responses. In the present study we examined the physio-behavioural effects of a supplementation with a sensory functional food ingredient (FI) containing Citrus sinensis extract (D11399, Phodé, France) in a pig psychosocial chronic stress model. Female pigs underwent a 5- to 6-week stress protocol while receiving daily the FI (FI, n = 10) or a placebo (Sham, n = 10). We performed pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) to study the brain responses to an acute stress (injection of Synacthen®, a synthetic ACTH-related agonist) and to the FI odour with or without previous chronic supplementation. The olfactory stimulation with the ingredient elicited higher brain responses in FI animals, demonstrating memory retrieval and habituation to the odour. Pharmacological stress with Synacthen injection resulted in an increased activity in several brain regions associated with arousal, associative learning (hippocampus) and cognition (cingulate cortex) in chronically stressed animals. This highlighted the specific impact of acute stress on the brain. These responses were alleviated in animals previously supplemented by the FI during the entire chronic stress exposure. As chronic stress establishes upon the accumulation of acute stress events, any attenuation of the brain responses to acute stress can be interpreted as a beneficial effect, suggesting that FI could be a viable treatment to help individuals coping with repeated stressful events and eventually to reduce chronic stress. This study provides additional evidence on the potential benefits of this FI, of which the long-term consequences in terms of behaviour and physiology need to be further investigated.
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10
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Assari S, Boyce S, Bazargan M. Nucleus Accumbens Functional Connectivity with the Frontoparietal Network Predicts Subsequent Change in Body Mass Index for American Children. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100703. [PMID: 33022949 PMCID: PMC7600639 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a brain structure with a well-established role in the brain reward processing system. Altered function of the NAc is shown to have a role in the development of food addiction and obesity. However, less is known about sex differences in the role of NAc function as a predictor of children’s change in body mass index (BMI) over time. Aim: We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data (version 2.01) to investigate sex differences in the predictive role of the NAc functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network on children’s BMI change over a one-year follow-up period. Methods: This 1-year longitudinal study successfully followed 3784 9–10-year-old children. Regression models were used to analyze the data. The predictor variable was NAc functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The primary outcome was BMI at the end of the 1-year follow up. Covariates included race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic factors, and baseline BMI. Sex was the effect modifier. Results: NAc functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network was predictive of BMI changes over time. This association remained significant above and beyond all covariates. The above association, however, was only significant in female, not male children. Conclusion: The epidemiological observation that NAc functional connectivity is associated with BMI changes in children is an extension of well-controlled laboratory studies that have established the role of the NAc in the brain reward processing. More research is needed on sex differences in the brain regions that contribute to childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(734)-232-0445; Fax: +734-615-8739
| | - Shanika Boyce
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Multivariate pattern classification on BOLD activation pattern induced by deep brain stimulation in motor, associative, and limbic brain networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7528. [PMID: 32372021 PMCID: PMC7200672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be an effective treatment for movement disorders and it is now being extended to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that DBS stimulation targets dependent brain network effects, in networks that respond to stimulation. Characterizing these patterns is crucial for linking DBS-induced therapeutic and adverse effects. Conventional DBS-fMRI, however, lacks the sensitivity needed for decoding multidimensional information such as spatially diffuse patterns. We report here on the use of a multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to demonstrate that stimulation of three DBS targets (STN, subthalamic nucleus; GPi, globus pallidus internus; NAc, nucleus accumbens) evoked a sufficiently distinctive blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation in swine brain. The findings indicate that STN and GPi evoke a similar motor network pattern, while NAc shows a districted associative and limbic pattern. The findings show that MVPA could be effectively applied to overlapping or sparse BOLD patterns which are often found in DBS. Future applications are expected employ MVPA fMRI to identify the proper stimulation target dependent brain circuitry for a DBS outcome.
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Cho S, Hachmann JT, Balzekas I, In MH, Andres-Beck LG, Lee KH, Min HK, Jo HJ. Resting-state functional connectivity modulates the BOLD activation induced by nucleus accumbens stimulation in the swine brain. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01431. [PMID: 31697455 PMCID: PMC6908867 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) the treatment of motor-related symptoms is well established, the mechanism of action of the resulting cognitive and behavioral effects has been elusive. METHODS By combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and DBS, we investigated the pattern of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes induced by stimulating the nucleus accumbens in a large animal model. RESULTS We found that diffused BOLD activation across multiple functional networks, including the prefrontal, limbic, and thalamic regions during the stimulation, resulted in a significant change in inter-regional functional connectivity. More importantly, the magnitude of the modulation was closely related to the strength of the inter-regional resting-state functional connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Nucleus accumbens stimulation affects the functional activity in networks that underlie cognition and behavior. Our study provides an insight into the nature of the functional connectivity, which mediates activation effect via brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinho Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jan T Hachmann
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Irena Balzekas
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Myung-Ho In
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lindsey G Andres-Beck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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