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Yu X, Li M, Wang C, Guan X. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB): An attractive target in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150386. [PMID: 39024681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, is heavily influenced by inflammation, lipid accumulation, autophagy, and aging. The expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) has been observed to correlate with lipid content, inflammation, and aging, progressively increasing as atherosclerosis advances through its various stages, from baseline to early and advanced phases. However, the interaction between GPNMB and AS is controversial. Knockout of GPNMB has been shown to increase atherosclerotic plaque burden in mice. Conversely, targeted elimination of GPNMB-positive cells reduced atherosclerotic burden. These seemingly contradictory findings underscore the complexity of the issue and highlight the need for further research to reconcile these discrepancies and to elucidate the precise role of GPNMB in the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiuru Guan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China.
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2
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Li K, Wang P, Li W, Yan JH, Ge YL, Zhang JR, Wang F, Mao CJ, Liu CF. The association between plasma GPNMB and Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 120:106001. [PMID: 38217954 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD), as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, often presents diagnostic challenges in differentiation from other forms of Parkinsonism. Recent studies have reported an association between plasma glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (pGPNMB) and PD. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted, comprising 401 PD patients, 111 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, 13 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients and 461 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population, with an assessment of pGPNMB levels. RESULTS The study revealed that pGPNMB concentrations were significantly lower in PD and MSA patients compared to controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) 0.62 and 0.74, respectively, P < 0.0001 for both), but no difference was found in PSP patients compared to controls (P > 0.05). Interestingly, the level of pGPNMB was significantly higher in PD patients than in MSA patients (AUC = 0.63, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the study explored the association between pGPNMB levels and disease severity in PD and MSA patients, revealing a positive correlation in PD patients but not in MSA patients with both disease severity and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This study successfully replicated prior findings, demonstrating an association between pGPNMB levels and disease severity, and also identified a correlation with cognitive impairment in PD patients of the Chinese Han population. Additionally, this study is the first to identify a significant difference in pGPNMB levels between MSA, PD, and normal controls. The data provide new evidence supporting the potential role of pGPNMB in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yan
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lun Ge
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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3
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Yasuda T, Uchiyama T, Watanabe N, Ito N, Nakabayashi K, Mochizuki H, Onodera M. Peripheral immune system modulates Purkinje cell degeneration in Niemann-Pick disease type C1. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201881. [PMID: 37369603 PMCID: PMC10300197 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. Its key pathogenic events remain largely unknown. We have, herein, found that neonatal BM-derived cell transplantation can ameliorate Purkinje cell degeneration in NPC1 mice. We subsequently addressed the impact of the peripheral immune system on the neuropathogenesis observed in NPC1 mice. The depletion of mature lymphocytes promoted NPC1 phenotypes, thereby suggesting a neuroprotective effect of lymphocytes. Moreover, the peripheral infusion of CD4-positive cells (specifically, of regulatory T cells) from normal healthy donor ameliorated the cerebellar ataxic phenotype and enhanced the survival of Purkinje cells. Conversely, the depletion of regulatory T cells enhanced the onset of the neurological phenotype. On the other hand, circulating inflammatory monocytes were found to be involved in the progression of Purkinje cell degeneration, whereas the depletion of resident microglia had little effect. Our findings reveal a novel role of the adaptive and the innate immune systems in NPC1 neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yasuda
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Ito
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Doroszkiewicz J, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Dulewicz M, Borawska R, Zajkowska M, Słowik A, Mroczko B. Potential Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B as a Neuroinflammatory Diagnostic Biomarker in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4689. [PMID: 37510803 PMCID: PMC10380476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of neurons and extracellular amyloid-peptide buildup. There is compelling evidence that the disease process depends on neuroinflammatory alterations, such as the activation of astrocytes and microglia cells. A transmembrane glycoprotein known as glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) plays a neuroprotective role during the development of neurodegeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation discussing the potential clinical usefulness of this protein in the AD continuum, especially in the MCI (mild cognitive impairment) stage. A total of 71 patients with AD or MCI as well as controls were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of GPNMB, YKL-40, Aβ1-42 (amyloid beta 1-42), Tau, and pTau and the Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio in the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) were tested using immunological methods. The concentrations of both GPNMB and YKL-40 in the cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in patients with AD and MCI compared to the controls. Moreover, both proteins were biochemically associated with classical biomarkers of AD and were especially associated with the Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio and Tau and pTau levels in the whole study group. Elevated concentrations of GPNMB were observed in the Aβ(+) group of AD patients compared to the Aβ(-) subjects. Additionally, the diagnostic performance (AUC value) of GPNMB was higher than that of amyloid β1-42 in MCI patients compared with controls. Our study indicates that GPNMB might be a promising neuroinflammatory biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of the AD continuum, with potential utility as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Borawska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Khrunin AV, Khvorykh GV, Arapova AS, Kulinskaya AE, Koltsova EA, Petrova EA, Kimelfeld EI, Limborska SA. The Study of the Association of Polymorphisms in LSP1, GPNMB, PDPN, TAGLN, TSPO, and TUBB6 Genes with the Risk and Outcome of Ischemic Stroke in the Russian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076831. [PMID: 37047799 PMCID: PMC10095190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been great progress in understanding the genetic basis of ischemic stroke (IS); however, several aspects of the condition remain underexplored, including the influence of genetic factors on post-stroke outcomes and the identification of causative loci. We proposed that an analysis of the results obtained from animal models of brain ischemia could be helpful. To this end, we developed a bioinformatic approach for exploring single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human orthologs of rat genes expressed differentially after induced brain ischemia. Using this approach, we identified and analyzed 11 SNPs from 6 genes in 553 Russian individuals (331 patients with IS and 222 controls). We assessed the association of SNPs with the risk of IS and IS outcomes. We found that the SNPs rs858239 (GPNMB), rs907611 (LSP1), and rs494356 (TAGLN) were associated with different parameters of IS functional outcomes. In addition, the SNP rs1261025 (PDPN) was associated significantly with IS itself (p = 0.0188, recessive model). All these associations were demonstrated for the first time. Analysis of the literature suggests that they should be characterized as being inflammation related. This supports the pivotal role of inflammation in both the incidence of stroke and post-stroke outcomes. We believe the findings reported here will help with stroke prognosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Khrunin
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Gennady V. Khvorykh
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anna S. Arapova
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Anna E. Kulinskaya
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A. Koltsova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Petrova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Kimelfeld
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
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Rouchka EC, de Almeida C, House RB, Daneshmand JC, Chariker JH, Saraswat-Ohri S, Gomes C, Sharp M, Shum-Siu A, Cesarz GM, Petruska JC, Magnuson DS. Construction of a searchable database for gene expression changes in spinal cord injury experiments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526630. [PMID: 36778366 PMCID: PMC9915599 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disease resulting in an estimated 18,000 new cases in the United States on an annual basis. Significant behavioral research on animal models has led to a large amount of data, some of which has been catalogued in the Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (ODC-SCI). More recently, high throughput sequencing experiments have been utilized to understand molecular mechanisms associated with SCI, with nearly 6,000 samples from over 90 studies available in the Sequence Read Archive. However, to date, no resource is available for efficiently mining high throughput sequencing data from SCI experiments. Therefore, we have developed a protocol for processing RNA-Seq samples from high-throughput sequencing experiments related to SCI resulting in both raw and normalized data that can be efficiently mined for comparisons across studies as well as homologous discovery across species. We have processed 1,196 publicly available RNA-seq samples from 50 bulk RNA-Seq studies across nine different species, resulting in an SQLite database that can be used by the SCI research community for further discovery. We provide both the database as well as a web-based front-end that can be used to query the database for genes of interest, differential gene expression, genes with high variance, and gene set enrichments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY USA 40202
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Carlos de Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Randi B. House
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jonah C. Daneshmand
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY USA 40202
- Department of Neuroscience Training, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Sujata Saraswat-Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Morgan Sharp
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Alice Shum-Siu
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Greta M. Cesarz
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jeffrey C. Petruska
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - David S.K. Magnuson
- Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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7
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Microglia and macrophages contribute to the development and maintenance of sciatica in lumbar disc herniation. Pain 2023; 164:362-374. [PMID: 36170151 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a major cause of sciatica. Emerging evidence indicated that inflammation induced by the herniated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues plays a major role in the pathogenesis of sciatica. However, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Although microglia and macrophages have been implicated in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, their roles in LDH-induced sciatica largely remain unknown. This study successfully established and modified a mouse model of LDH. We found that nerve root compression using degenerated NP tissues can initiate remarkable and persistent sciatica, with increased and prolonged macrophage infiltration in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and significant activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Instead, compression of the nerve root with nondegenerated NP tissues only led to transient sciatica, with transient infiltration and activation of macrophages and microglia. Moreover, continuous treatment of PLX5622, a specific colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist, ablated both macrophages and microglia, which effectively alleviated LDH-induced sciatica. However, mechanical allodynia reoccurred along with the repopulation of macrophages and microglia after the withdrawal of PLX5622. Using RNA sequencing analysis, the current study depicted transcriptional profile changes of DRG after LDH and identified several macrophage-related potential target candidates. Our results suggested that microglia and macrophages may play an essential role in the development and maintenance of LDH-induced sciatica. Targeting microglia and macrophages may be a promising treatment for chronic LDH-induced sciatica.
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Huo D, Liu YY, Zhang C, Zeng LT, Fan GQ, Zhang LQ, Pang J, Wang Y, Shen T, Li XF, Li CB, Zhang TM, Cai JP, Cui J. Serum glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) level as a potential biomarker for diabetes mellitus-related cataract: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1110337. [PMID: 36875463 PMCID: PMC9978497 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disease that has attracted significant research and clinical attention over the years, can affect the eye structure and induce cataract in patients diagnosed with DM. Recent studies have indicated the relationship between glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) and DM and DM-related renal dysfunction. However, the role of circulating GPNMB in DM-associated cataract is still unknown. In this study, we explored the potential of serum GPNMB as a biomarker for DM and DM-associated cataract. METHODS A total of 406 subjects were enrolled, including 60 and 346 subjects with and without DM, respectively. The presence of cataract was evaluated and serum GPNMB levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Serum GPNMB levels were higher in diabetic individuals and subjects with cataract than in those without DM or cataract. Subjects in the highest GPNMB tertile group were more likely to have metabolic disorder, cataract, and DM. Analysis performed in subjects with DM elucidated the correlation between serum GPNMB levels and cataract. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also indicated that GPNMB could be used to diagnose DM and cataract. Multivariable logistic regression analysis illustrated that GPNMB levels were independently associated with DM and cataract. DM was also found to be an independent risk factor for cataract. Further surveys revealed the combination of serum GPNMB levels and presence of DM was associated with a more precise identification of cataract than either factor alone. CONCLUSIONS Increased circulating GPNMB levels are associated with DM and cataract and can be used as a biomarker of DM-associated cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Lv-Tao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ju Cui, ; ; Jian-Ping Cai,
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ju Cui, ; ; Jian-Ping Cai,
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Lazaratos AM, Annis MG, Siegel PM. GPNMB: a potent inducer of immunosuppression in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4573-4590. [PMID: 36050467 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is comprised of both innate and adaptive immune cells, which, in the context of cancer, collectively function to eliminate tumor cells. However, tumors can actively sculpt the immune landscape to favor the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which promotes tumor growth and progression to metastatic disease. Glycoprotein-NMB (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. It can promote primary tumor growth and metastasis, and GPNMB expression correlates with poor prognosis and shorter recurrence-free survival in patients. There is growing evidence supporting an immunosuppressive role for GPNMB in the context of malignancy. This review provides a description of the emerging roles of GPNMB as an inducer of immunosuppression, with a particular focus on its role in mediating cancer progression by restraining pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Chen G, Yan S, Zhang J, Zhang J, Deng IB, He R. The alternative 3' splice site of GPNMB may promote neuronal survival after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injury. IBRAIN 2022; 8:302-313. [PMID: 37786733 PMCID: PMC10529014 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to decipher the effect of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and its potential molecular mechanism. The hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model was established in 7-day-old rats, and then, Zea-Longa scores and Nissl staining were performed to measure brain damage post-HI. In addition, gene sequencing was used to detect the differential expression genes (DEGs), and then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used to determine the function of DEGs. Furthermore, an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was developed in SY5Y cells and human fetal neurons, and then, the level of GPNMB was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and cell counting kit-8 assays were applied after GPNMB interference. Finally, the alternative splicing of GPNMB expression was analyzed using Splice Grapher software. The results indicated that HI induced marked neurological impairment and neuron injury in rats. Also, GPNMB was the most obviously upregulated gene in DEGs. Additionally, GPNMB was upregulated significantly in SY5Y and fetal neurons after OGD, and GPNMB-si promoted an increase in cell viability and number. Moreover, we found that the GPNMB alternative splicing type was the Alternative 3' splice site, with the alternative splicing site in 143382985:143404102. Herein, GPNMB promotes a crucial regulatory mechanism with alternative splicing for neuronal survival after NHIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Jiao Chen
- Bioinformatics CenterKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | | | | | - Ji Zhang
- Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Isaac Bul Deng
- Center for Epogenetics and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Kennedy Krieger InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA
| | - Rong He
- Bioinformatics CenterKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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11
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GPNMB Extracellular Fragment Protects Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting AKT Phosphorylation Independent of CD44. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910843. [PMID: 34639184 PMCID: PMC8509362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in cancer metastasis and osteoblast differentiation. In the skin epidermis, GPNMB is mainly expressed in melanocytes and plays a critical role in melanosome formation. In our previous study, GPNMB was also found to be expressed in skin epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, decreased GPNMB expression was observed in the epidermis of lesional skin of patients with vitiligo. However, the exact role of keratinocyte-derived GPNMB and its effect on vitiligo is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GPNMB expression was also decreased in rhododendrol-induced leukoderma, as seen in vitiligo. The extracellular soluble form of GPNMB (sGPNMB) was found to protect melanocytes from cytotoxicity and the impairment of melanogenesis induced by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the effect of rGPNMB was not altered by the knockdown of CD44, which is a well-known receptor of GPNMB, but accompanied by the suppressed phosphorylation of AKT but not ERK, p38, or JNK. In addition, we found that oxidative stress decreased both transcriptional GPNMB expression and sGPNMB protein expression in human keratinocytes. Our results suggest that GPNMB might provide novel insights into the mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of vitiligo and leukoderma.
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12
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Nickl B, Qadri F, Bader M. Anti-inflammatory role of Gpnmb in adipose tissue of mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19614. [PMID: 34608215 PMCID: PMC8490452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can cause a chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is a critical step in the development of type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation is associated with the expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein b (Gpnmb), which is mainly expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells. We generated a Gpnmb-knockout mouse line using Crispr-Cas9 to assess the role of Gpnmb in a diet-induced obesity. The absence of Gpnmb did not affect body weight gain and blood lipid parameters. While wildtype animals became obese but remained otherwise metabolically healthy, Gpnmb-knockout animals developed, in addition to obesity, symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis. We observed a strong Gpnmb expression in adipose tissue macrophages in wildtype animals and a decreased expression of most macrophage-related genes independent of their inflammatory function. This was corroborated by in vitro data showing that Gpnmb was mostly expressed by reparative macrophages while only pro-inflammatory stimuli induced shedding of Gpnmb. The data suggest that Gpnmb is ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation independent of the polarization of macrophages. Taken together, the data suggest an immune-balancing function of Gpnmb that could delay the metabolic damage caused by the induction of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Nickl
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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13
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Zhang PF, Hu H, Tan L, Yu JT. Microglia Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3388-3404. [PMID: 33713018 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have become an extremely important link in the prevention and treatment of AD. Because of the occult onset, the diagnosis and treatment of AD based on clinical symptoms are increasingly challenged by current severe situations. Therefore, molecular diagnosis models based on early AD pathological markers have received more attention. Among the possible pathological mechanisms, microglia which are necessary for normal brain function are highly expected and have been continuously studied in various models. Several AD biomarkers already exist, but currently there is a paucity of specific and sensitive microglia biomarkers which can accurately measure preclinical AD. Bringing microglia biomarkers into the molecular diagnostic system which is based on fluid and neuroimaging will play an important role in future scientific research and clinical practice. Furthermore, developing novel, more specific, and sensitive microglia biomarkers will make it possible to pharmaceutically target chemical pathways that preserve beneficial microglial functions in response to AD pathology. This review discusses microglia biomarkers in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Functional Domains and Evolutionary History of the PMEL and GPNMB Family Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123529. [PMID: 34207849 PMCID: PMC8273697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient paralogs premelanosome protein (PMEL) and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) have independently emerged as intriguing disease loci in recent years. Both proteins possess common functional domains and variants that cause a shared spectrum of overlapping phenotypes and disease associations: melanin-based pigmentation, cancer, neurodegenerative disease and glaucoma. Surprisingly, these proteins have yet to be shown to physically or genetically interact within the same cellular pathway. This juxtaposition inspired us to compare and contrast this family across a breadth of species to better understand the divergent evolutionary trajectories of two related, but distinct, genes. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of PMEL and GPNMB in clade-representative species and identified TMEM130 as the most ancient paralog of the family. By curating the functional domains in each paralog, we identified many commonalities dating back to the emergence of the gene family in basal metazoans. PMEL and GPNMB have gained functional domains since their divergence from TMEM130, including the core amyloid fragment (CAF) that is critical for the amyloid potential of PMEL. Additionally, the PMEL gene has acquired the enigmatic repeat domain (RPT), composed of a variable number of imperfect tandem repeats; this domain acts in an accessory role to control amyloid formation. Our analyses revealed the vast variability in sequence, length and repeat number in homologous RPT domains between craniates, even within the same taxonomic class. We hope that these analyses inspire further investigation into a gene family that is remarkable from the evolutionary, pathological and cell biology perspectives.
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15
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Saade M, Araujo de Souza G, Scavone C, Kinoshita PF. The Role of GPNMB in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674739. [PMID: 34054862 PMCID: PMC8149902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a response to a lesion in the tissue or infection. This process occurs in a specific manner in the central nervous system and is called neuroinflammation, which is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. GPNMB, an endogenous glycoprotein, has been recently related to inflammation and neuroinflammation. GPNMB is highly expressed in macrophages and microglia, which are cells involved with innate immune response in the periphery and the brain, respectively. Some studies have shown increased levels of GPNMB in pro-inflammatory conditions, such as LPS treatment, and in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the role of GPNMB in inflammation is still not clear. Even though most studies suggest that GPNMB might have an anti-inflammatory role by promoting inflammation resolution, there is evidence that GPNMB could be pro-inflammatory. In this review, we gather and discuss the published evidence regarding this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saade
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Araujo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Aichholzer F, Klafki HW, Ogorek I, Vogelgsang J, Wiltfang J, Scherbaum N, Weggen S, Wirths O. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:94. [PMID: 33947460 PMCID: PMC8097817 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with extracellular amyloid-β peptide deposition and progressive neuron loss. Strong evidence supports that neuroinflammatory changes such as the activation of astrocytes and microglia cells are important in the disease process. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has recently been associated with an emerging role in neuroinflammation, which has been reported to be increased in post-mortem brain samples from AD and Parkinson’s disease patients. Methods The present study describes the partial “fit for purpose” validation of a commercially available immunoassay for the determination of GPNMB levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We further assessed the applicability of GPNMB as a potential biomarker for AD in two different cohorts that were defined by biomarker-supported clinical diagnosis or by neuroimaging with amyloid positron emission tomography, respectively. Results The results indicated that CSF GPNMB levels could not distinguish between AD or controls with other neurological diseases but correlated with other parameters such as aging and CSF pTau levels. Conclusions The findings of this study do not support GPNMB in CSF as a valuable neurochemical diagnostic biomarker of AD but warrant further studies employing healthy control individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00828-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freyja Aichholzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabella Ogorek
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (ibiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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17
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Stozicka Z, Korenova M, Uhrinova I, Cubinkova V, Cente M, Kovacech B, Babindakova N, Matyasova K, Vargova G, Novak M, Novak P, Zilka N, Jadhav S. Environmental Enrichment Rescues Functional Deficit and Alters Neuroinflammation in a Transgenic Model of Tauopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:951-964. [PMID: 32116255 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting over 44 million people worldwide. There are no effective pharmaco-therapeutic options for prevention and treatment of AD. Non-pharmacological approaches may help patients suffering from AD to significantly ameliorate disease progression. In this study, we exposed a transgenic rat model (tg) of human tauopathy to enriched environment for 3 months. Behavioral testing at 6 months of age revealed improvement in functional deficits of tg rats reared under enriched conditions, while sedentary tg rats remained severely impaired. Interestingly, enriched environment did not reduce tau pathology. Analysis of neurotrophic factors revealed an increase of nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the hippocampus of both enriched groups (tg and non-tg rats), reflecting a known effect of enriched environment on the hippocampal formation. On the contrary, NGF levels decreased markedly in the brainstem of enriched groups. The non-pharmacological treatment also reduced levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in the brainstem of transgenic rats. Expression analysis of inflammatory pathways revealed upregulation of microglial markers, such as MHC class II and Cd74, whereas levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines remained unaffected by enriched environment. Our results demonstrate that exposure to enriched environment can rescue functional impairment in tau transgenic rats without reducing tau pathology. We speculate that non-pharmacological treatment modulates the immune response to pathological tau protein inclusions, and thus reduces the damage caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Stozicka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Korenova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Uhrinova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Cubinkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikoleta Babindakova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Matyasova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Greta Vargova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience SE, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Petr Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience CRM Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, AD Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Hamada K, Ferguson LB, Mayfield RD, Krishnan HR, Maienschein-Cline M, Lasek AW. Binge-like ethanol drinking activates anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling and increases the expression of STAT3 target genes in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12729. [PMID: 33641239 PMCID: PMC8944393 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a complex pathogenesis, making it a difficult disorder to treat. Identifying relevant signaling pathways in the brain may be useful for finding new pharmacological targets to treat AUD. The receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activates the transcription factor STAT3 in response to ethanol in cell lines. Here, we show ALK activation and upregulation of known STAT3 target genes (Socs3, Gfap and Tnfrsf1a) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral hippocampus (HPC) of mice after 4 days of binge-like ethanol drinking. Mice treated with the STAT3 inhibitor stattic drank less ethanol than vehicle-treated mice, demonstrating the behavioral importance of STAT3. To identify novel ethanol-induced target genes downstream of the ALK and STAT3 pathway, we analyzed the NIH LINCS L1000 database for gene signature overlap between ALK inhibitor (alectinib and NVP-TAE684) and STAT3 inhibitor (niclosamide) treatments on cell lines. These genes were then compared with differentially expressed genes in the PFC of mice after binge-like drinking. We found 95 unique gene candidates, out of which 57 had STAT3 binding motifs in their promoters. We further showed by qPCR that expression of the putative STAT3 genes Nr1h2, Smarcc1, Smarca4 and Gpnmb were increased in either the PFC or HPC after binge-like drinking. Together, these results indicate activation of the ALK-STAT3 signaling pathway in the brain after binge-like ethanol consumption, identify putative novel ethanol-responsive STAT3 target genes, and suggest that STAT3 inhibition may be a potential method to reduce binge drinking in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hamada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Laura B. Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol Addiction Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R. Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol Addiction Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Harish R. Krishnan
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | | | - Amy W. Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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19
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Anderson TS, Wooster AL, La-Beck NM, Saha D, Lowe DB. Antibody-drug conjugates: an evolving approach for melanoma treatment. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:1-17. [PMID: 33165241 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma continues to be an aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer while therapeutic options are continuously developing in an effort to provide long-term solutions for patients. Immunotherapeutic strategies incorporating antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have seen varied levels of success across tumor types and represent a promising approach for melanoma. This review will explore the successes of FDA-approved ADCs to date compared to the ongoing efforts of melanoma-targeting ADCs. The challenges and opportunities for future therapeutic development are also examined to distinguish how ADCs may better impact individuals with malignancies such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ninh M La-Beck
- Departments of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology
- Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | | | - Devin B Lowe
- Departments of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology
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20
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Liu J, Li G, He Y, He G, Zhang P, Shen X, Zhang W, Chen S, Cui S, Tan Y. The Association Analysis of GPNMB rs156429 With Clinical Manifestations in Chinese Population With Parkinson's Disease. Front Genet 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32983228 PMCID: PMC7492656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixi He
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingchen Zhang
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weishan Zhang
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengdi Chen,
| | - Shishuang Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shishuang Cui,
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yuyan Tan,
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21
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Wang Y, Urioste RT, Wei Y, Wilder DM, Arun P, Sajja V, Gist ID, Fitzgerald TS, Chang W, Kelley MW, Long JB. Blast-induced hearing impairment in rats is associated with structural and molecular changes of the inner ear. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10652. [PMID: 32606369 PMCID: PMC7327022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory dysfunction is the most prevalent injury associated with blast overpressure exposure (BOP) in Warfighters and civilians, yet little is known about the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. To gain insights into these injuries, an advanced blast simulator was used to expose rats to BOP and assessments were made to identify structural and molecular changes in the middle/inner ears utilizing otoscopy, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and histopathological analysis. Deficits persisting up to 1 month after blast exposure were observed in the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) across the entire range of tested frequencies (4–40 kHz). During the recovery phase at sub-acute time points, low frequency (e.g. 4–8 kHz) hearing improved relatively earlier than for high frequency (e.g. 32–40 kHz). Perforation of tympanic membranes and middle ear hemorrhage were observed at 1 and 7 days, and were restored by day 28 post-blast. A total of 1,158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly altered in the cochlea on day 1 (40% up-regulated and 60% down-regulated), whereas only 49 DEGs were identified on day 28 (63% up-regulated and 37% down-regulated). Seven common DEGs were identified at both days 1 and 28 following blast, and are associated with inner ear mechanotransduction, cytoskeletal reorganization, myelin development and axon survival. Further studies on altered gene expression in the blast-injured rat cochlea may provide insights into new therapeutic targets and approaches to prevent or treat similar cases of blast-induced auditory damage in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rodrigo T Urioste
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanling Wei
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna M Wilder
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Venkatasivasaisujith Sajja
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene D Gist
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Weise Chang
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph B Long
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B: A key mediator and an emerging therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. FASEB J 2020; 34:8810-8823. [PMID: 32445534 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB, also known as osteoactivin) is highly expressed in many cell types and regulates the homeostasis in various tissues. In different physiological contexts, it functions as a melanosome-associated protein, membrane-bound surface receptor, soluble ligand, or adhesion molecule. Therefore, GPNMB is involved in cell differentiation, migration, inflammation, metabolism, and neuroprotection. Because of its various involvement in different physiological conditions, GPNMB has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and more recently immune-mediated diseases. This review summarizes the regulation and function of GPNMB in normal physiology, and discusses the involvement of GPNMB in disease conditions with a particular focus on its potential role and therapeutic implications in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Kogami Y, Tsuji T, Tsuji C, Yokoyama S, Furuhara K, Lopatina O, Shabalova A, Salmina AB, Watanabe Y, Hattori T, Nishimori K, Kodama K, Higashida H. A monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic oxytocin peptide stains mouse hypothalamic neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12815. [PMID: 31770473 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody against oxytocin was generated in 7a5 hybridoma cells derived from myeloma cells and lymphocytes from the spleen of mice immunised with a synthetic oxytocin peptide. The 7a5 monoclonal antibody bound with oxytocin in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. 7a5 cell growth medium was diluted up to 5000-fold and used for immunohistochemistry. First, to test the specificity of the 7a5 antibody against oxytocin, we stained brain tissues of oxytocin knockout mice, comprising mice in which the first exon of the oxytocin-neurophysin gene is deleted. No 7a5 immunoreactivity was detected in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of oxytocin knockout mice; however, this area was strongly stained with the anti-vasopressin polyclonal antibody, HM07. Tissue preparations of the wild-type mouse PVN and supraoptic nucleus (SON) displayed 7a5 immunoreactivity that was indistinguishable from the staining produced with an anti-oxytocin polyclonal antibody, HM06. The immunoreactivity of HM06 in the PVN was similar to that of an anti-oxytocin monoclonal antibody, PS38. We then examined the cross-reactivity of 7a5 with arginine vasopressin. The majority of cell soma and processes stained by 7a5 were not co-stained with the vasopressin antibody in SON and PVN regions. Furthermore, the suprachiasmatic nucleus was stained by the vasopressin antibody but not by 7a5. These results demonstrate that 7a5 is a new anti-oxytocin monoclonal antibody recognising oxytocin and not vasopressin; therefore, 7a5 can be used to investigate the role of oxytocin in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kogami
- SkySea Pharmaceutical Inc., Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Furuhara
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasentsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna Shabalova
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasentsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yumi Watanabe
- SkySea Pharmaceutical Inc., Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kota Kodama
- Graduate School of Technology Management, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasentsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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24
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Zheng Y, Huang C, Yang X, Zhang Z. Altered expression of glycoprotein non‑metastatic melanoma protein B in the distal sciatic nerve following injury. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1909-1917. [PMID: 32236569 PMCID: PMC7169951 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non‑metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) exerts neuroprotective effects on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in the central nervous system. However, the expression and function of GPNMB in the peripheral nervous system, particularly following peripheral nerve injury, remains unknown. In the present study, the mRNAs and long non‑coding RNAs of the distal sciatic nerve were profiled via microarray analysis at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 following transection. The results revealed that the expression of GPNMB mRNA was similar to the proliferation tendency of distal acute denervated Schwann cells (SCs), the results of which were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. To investigate the function of GPNMB on SCs, recombinant human GPNMB (rhGPNMB) was added to cultured denervated SCs from the distal stumps of transected sciatic nerve. The proliferation, expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and neural adhesion molecules (NAMs) were subsequently detected. The results demonstrated that GPNMB expression was increased in distal sciatic nerve following transection in vivo, while rhGPNMB promoted the proliferation of SCs as well as expression and secretion of NTFs and NAMs in vitro. Therefore, GPNMB could be a novel strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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25
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Biswas KB, Takahashi A, Mizutani Y, Takayama S, Ishitsuka A, Yang L, Yang F, Iddamalgoda A, Katayama I, Inoue S. GPNMB is expressed in human epidermal keratinocytes but disappears in the vitiligo lesional skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4930. [PMID: 32188902 PMCID: PMC7080742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GPNMB is involved in multiple cellular functions including cell adhesion, stress protection and stem cell maintenance. In skin, melanocyte-GPNMB is suggested to mediate pigmentation through melanosome formation, but details of keratinocyte-GPNMB have yet to be well understood. We confirmed the expression of GPNMB in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) by reducing the expression using siRNA. A higher calcium concentration of over 1.25 mM decreased the GPNMB expression. Histological staining showed that GPNMB was expressed in the basal layer of normal skins but completely absent in vitiligo skins. The normal expression of GPNMB in nevus depigmentosus skin suggested that lack of GPNMB is characteristic of vitiligo lesional skins. IFN-γ and IL-17A, two cytokines with possible causal roles in vitiligo development, inhibited GPNMB expression in vitro. Approximately 4–8% of the total GPNMB expressed on NHEKs were released possibly by ADAM 10 as a soluble form, but the process of release was not affected by the cytokines. The suppressive effect of IFN-γ on GPNMB was partially via IFN-γ/JAK2/STAT1 signaling axis. Decreased GPNMB expression in keratinocytes may affect melanocyte maintenance or survival against oxidative stress although further studies are needed. These findings indicate a new target for vitiligo treatment, focusing on the novel role of IFN-γ and IL-17 in downregulating keratinocyte-GPNMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazal Boron Biswas
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd., Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mizutani
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoru Takayama
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd., Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asako Ishitsuka
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lingli Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arunasiri Iddamalgoda
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd., Motosu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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26
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Satoh JI, Kino Y, Yanaizu M, Ishida T, Saito Y. Microglia express GPNMB in the brains of Alzheimer's disease and Nasu-Hakola disease. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2019; 8:120-128. [PMID: 31218162 PMCID: PMC6557242 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein first identified in low-metastatic human melanoma cell lines as a regulator of tumor growth. GPNMB is widely expressed in various tissues, where it is involved in cell differentiation, migration, inflammation/anti-inflammation, tissue regeneration, and neuroprotection. GPNMB is identified in microglia of adult rat brains, neurons and astrocytes of GPNMB transgenic (Tg) mouse brains, and motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by progressive presenile dementia and formation of multifocal bone cysts, caused by genetic mutations of either TYROBP (DAP12) or TREM2. TREM2 and DAP12 constitute a receptor/adaptor signaling complex expressed exclusively on osteoclasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, and microglia. Pathologically, the brains of NHD patients exhibit leukoencephalopathy, astrogliosis, accumulation of axonal spheroids, and remarkable activation of microglia predominantly in the white matter of frontal and temporal lobes and the basal ganglia. At present, molecular mechanisms responsible for development of leukoencephaolpathy in NHD brains remain totally unknown. Recent evidence indicates that disease-associated microglia (DAM) that cluster around amyloid plaques express high levels of GPNMB in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Because microglia act as a key regulator of leukoencephalopathy in NHD brains, it is proposed that GPNMB expressed on microglia might play a protective role in progression of leukoencephalopathy possibly via active phagocytosis of myelin debris. In the present study using immunohistochemistry, we have attempted to clarify the expression of GPNMB in NHD brains, compared with AD brains. We found that microglia accumulating in the white matter express an intense GPNMB immunoreactivity in both NHD and AD brains, suggesting that the accumulation of GPNMB-immunoreactive microglia is a general phenomenon in neurodegenerative brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Jun-ichi Satoh, Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yoshihiro Kino
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Yanaizu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, NCGM, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Omura S, Sato F, Martinez NE, Park AM, Fujita M, Kennett NJ, Cvek U, Minagar A, Alexander JS, Tsunoda I. Bioinformatics Analyses Determined the Distinct CNS and Peripheral Surrogate Biomarker Candidates Between Two Mouse Models for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:516. [PMID: 30941144 PMCID: PMC6434997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have established two distinct progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) models by induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in two mouse strains. A.SW mice develop ataxia with antibody deposition, but no T cell infiltration, in the central nervous system (CNS), while SJL/J mice develop paralysis with CNS T cell infiltration. In this study, we determined biomarkers contributing to the homogeneity and heterogeneity of two models. Using the CNS and spleen microarray transcriptome and cytokine data, we conducted computational analyses. We identified up-regulation of immune-related genes, including immunoglobulins, in the CNS of both models. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, were associated with the disease progression in SJL/J mice, while the expression of both cytokines was detected only at the EAE onset in A.SW mice. Principal component analysis (PCA) of CNS transcriptome data demonstrated that down-regulation of prolactin may reflect disease progression. Pattern matching analysis of spleen transcriptome with CNS PCA identified 333 splenic surrogate markers, including Stfa2l1, which reflected the changes in the CNS. Among them, we found that two genes (PER1/MIR6883 and FKBP5) and one gene (SLC16A1/MCT1) were also significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in human MS peripheral blood, using data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas E Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Fujita
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Nikki J Kennett
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Urška Cvek
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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28
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van der Lienden MJC, Gaspar P, Boot R, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E66. [PMID: 30586924 PMCID: PMC6337583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Moloney EB, Moskites A, Ferrari EJ, Isacson O, Hallett PJ. The glycoprotein GPNMB is selectively elevated in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients and increases after lysosomal stress. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:1-11. [PMID: 30149180 PMCID: PMC6748034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
GPNMB is a glycoprotein observed upon tissue damage and inflammation and is associated with astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. Gene variations in GPNMB are linked with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, and changes in protein levels of GPNMB have been found in lysosomal storage disorders, including Gaucher's disease with glucocerebrosidase (GCase) deficiency. In the current study, GPNMB increases were seen in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD patients compared to age-matched controls. Such PD patients have a decrease in GCase activity and corresponding elevation of glycosphingolipids in the SN (Rocha et al., 2015a). Interestingly, transgenic mice modelling synucleinopathy did not show GPNMB elevations or altered GCase activity levels compared to wild-type mice. However, upon CBE-induced GCase lysosomal dysfunction with elevated glycosphingolipids in wild-type mice, there were similar changes in GPNMB levels in the brain as seen in PD patient brains. These results indicate that GPNMB levels do not depend on alpha-synuclein load per se but relate directly to the lipidopathy changes induced by CBE-mediated GCase inhibition. The experimental modelling of elevating glycolipids resulted in GPNMB elevations with glial activation in several brain regions in mice. This is the first demonstration of region-specific elevations of GPNMB protein in Parkinson's disease. The presence of GPNMB in PD patient substantia nigra, the induction of GPNMB after experimental glycosphingolipid increases, but not with pure alpha-synucleinopathy, point towards the potential for primary lipid-induced degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Moloney
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont 02478, USA
| | - Alyssa Moskites
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont 02478, USA
| | - Eliza J Ferrari
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont 02478, USA.
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont 02478, USA.
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30
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Xu S, Fan Y, Li D, Liu Y, Chen X. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B accelerates tumorigenesis of cervical cancer in vitro by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 52:e7567. [PMID: 30484490 PMCID: PMC6262743 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women around the world. However, the underlying mechanism involved in cervical cancer progression is incompletely known. In the present study, we determined the role of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) in tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. According to the GEO database, we found that GPNMB expression was significantly higher in cervical cancer than in normal cervix epithelium. A similar pattern was observed in GPNMB expression in cultured cervical cancer cells and normal cervical epithelial cells. Compared with the control, GPNMB knockdown significantly decreased the proliferation and migration capacity, but enhanced the apoptosis capacity of SiHa and HeLa cells. Additionally, the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were aberrantly increased in SiHa and HeLa cells compared with normal cervical epithelial cells, whereas their activities were strongly inhibited by GPNMB siRNA. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated by GPNMB in SiHa and HeLa cells. Increased MMP-2/MMP-9 expression was suppressed by Dkk-1, inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, while it was enhanced by stimulator BIO. The proliferation, migration, and apoptosis capacity of HeLa cells were found to be affected by Dkk-1 and BIO to different extents. In conclusion, we demonstrated that GPNMB contributed to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer, at least in part, by regulating MMP-2/MMP-9 activity in tumor cells via activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This might be a potential therapeutic target for treating human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Hüttenrauch M, Ogorek I, Klafki H, Otto M, Stadelmann C, Weggen S, Wiltfang J, Wirths O. Glycoprotein NMB: a novel Alzheimer's disease associated marker expressed in a subset of activated microglia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 30340518 PMCID: PMC6194687 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, devastating neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the loss of neurons and subsequent cognitive decline. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of AD, the precise molecular mechanisms that cause the disease remain elusive. By now, there is ample evidence that activated microglia have a critical role in the initiation and progression of AD. The present study describes the identification of Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as a novel AD-related factor in both transgenic mice and sporadic AD patients by expression profiling, immunohistochemistry and ELISA measurements. We show that GPNMB levels increase in an age-dependent manner in transgenic AD models showing profound cerebral neuron loss and demonstrate that GPNMB co-localizes with a distinct population of IBA1-positive microglia cells that cluster around amyloid plaques. Our data further indicate that GPNMB is part of a microglia activation state that is only present under neurodegenerative conditions and that is characterized by the up-regulation of a subset of genes including TREM2, APOE and CST7. In agreement, we provide in vitro evidence that soluble Aβ has a direct effect on GPNMB expression in an immortalized microglia cell line. Importantly, we show for the first time that GPNMB is elevated in brain samples and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sporadic AD patients when compared to non-demented controls. The current findings indicate that GPNMB represents a novel disease-associated marker that appears to play a role in the neuroinflammatory response of AD.
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Molecular Genetics of Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma: New Insights into Mechanisms. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:5926906. [PMID: 29780638 PMCID: PMC5892222 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5926906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the ideas and advances surrounding the genetic basis of pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG). As PG is the leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in young adults and current tailored interventions have proven ineffective, a better understanding of the underlying causes of PDS, PG, and their relationship is essential. Despite PDS being a subclinical disease, a large proportion of patients progress to PG with associated vision loss. Decades of research have supported a genetic component both for PDS and conversion to PG. We review the body of evidence supporting a genetic basis in humans and animal models and reevaluate classical mechanisms of PDS/PG considering this new evidence.
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Neal ML, Boyle AM, Budge KM, Safadi FF, Richardson JR. The glycoprotein GPNMB attenuates astrocyte inflammatory responses through the CD44 receptor. J Neuroinflammation 2018. [PMID: 29519253 PMCID: PMC5842560 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Activation of glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, is a characteristic of the inflammatory response. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that releases a soluble signaling peptide when cleaved by ADAM10 or other extracellular proteases. GPNMB has demonstrated a neuroprotective role in animal models of ALS and ischemia. However, the mechanism of this protection has not been well established. CD44 is a receptor expressed on astrocytes that can bind GPNMB, and CD44 activation has been demonstrated to reduce NFκB activation and subsequent inflammatory responses in macrophages. GPNMB signaling has not been investigated in models of PD or specifically in astrocytes. More recently, genetic studies have linked polymorphisms in GPNMB with risk for PD. Therefore, it is important to understand the role this signaling protein plays in PD. METHODS We used data mining techniques to evaluate mRNA expression of GPNMB and its receptor CD44 in the substantia nigra of PD and control brains. Immunofluorescence and qPCR techniques were used to assess GPNMB and CD44 levels in mice treated with MPTP. In vitro experiments utilized the immortalized mouse astrocyte cell line IMA2.1 and purified primary mouse astrocytes. The effects of recombinant GPNMB on cytokine-induced astrocyte activation was determined by qPCR, immunofluorescence, and measurement of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen production. RESULTS Increased GPNMB and CD44 expression was observed in the substantia nigra of human PD brains and in GFAP-positive astrocytes in an animal model of PD. GPNMB treatment attenuated cytokine-induced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in an astrocyte cell line and primary mouse astrocytes. Using primary mouse astrocytes from CD44 knockout mice, we found that the anti-inflammatory effects of GPNMB are CD44-mediated. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that GPNMB may exert its neuroprotective effect through reducing astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in a CD44-dependent manner, providing novel mechanistic insight into the neuroprotective properties of GPNMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Alexa M Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Kevin M Budge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
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Hendrickx DAE, van Scheppingen J, van der Poel M, Bossers K, Schuurman KG, van Eden CG, Hol EM, Hamann J, Huitinga I. Gene Expression Profiling of Multiple Sclerosis Pathology Identifies Early Patterns of Demyelination Surrounding Chronic Active Lesions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1810. [PMID: 29312322 PMCID: PMC5742619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages phagocytose myelin focally in (chronic) active lesions. These demyelinating sites expand in time, but at some point turn inactive into a sclerotic scar. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying lesion activity and halt, we analyzed genome-wide gene expression in rim and peri-lesional regions of chronic active and inactive MS lesions, as well as in control tissue. Gene clustering revealed patterns of gene expression specifically associated with MS and with the presumed, subsequent stages of lesion development. Next to genes involved in immune functions, we found regulation of novel genes in and around the rim of chronic active lesions, such as NPY, KANK4, NCAN, TKTL1, and ANO4. Of note, the presence of many foamy macrophages in active rims was accompanied by a congruent upregulation of genes related to lipid binding, such as MSR1, CD68, CXCL16, and OLR1, and lipid uptake, such as CHIT1, GPNMB, and CCL18. Except CCL18, these genes were already upregulated in regions around active MS lesions, showing that such lesions are indeed expanding. In vitro downregulation of the scavenger receptors MSR1 and CXCL16 reduced myelin uptake. In conclusion, this study provides the gene expression profile of different aspects of MS pathology and indicates that early demyelination, mediated by scavenger receptors, is already present in regions around active MS lesions. Genes involved in early demyelination events in regions surrounding chronic active MS lesions might be promising therapeutic targets to stop lesion expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A E Hendrickx
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlijn van der Poel
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen Bossers
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karianne G Schuurman
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corbert G van Eden
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Budge KM, Neal ML, Richardson JR, Safadi FF. Glycoprotein NMB: an Emerging Role in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5167-5176. [PMID: 28856541 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by severe neuronal loss leading to the cognitive and physical impairments that define various neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and can ultimately contribute to disease progression. Increased inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, current therapeutic options lack ability to stop or effectively slow progression of these diseases and are primarily aimed at alleviating symptoms. Thus, it is crucial to discover novel treatment candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein first identified in a melanoma cell line. GPNMB augments bone mineral deposition by stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Aside from its anabolic function in the bone, emerging evidence suggests that GPNMB has anti-inflammatory and reparative functions. GPNMB has also been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in an animal model of ALS, cerebral ischemia, and other disease models. Given these discoveries, GPNMB should be investigated as a potential therapeutic option for multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Budge
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44224, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew L Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44224, USA. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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Rose AAN, Biondini M, Curiel R, Siegel PM. Targeting GPNMB with glembatumumab vedotin: Current developments and future opportunities for the treatment of cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:127-141. [PMID: 28546082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GPNMB has emerged as an immunomodulator and an important positive mediator of tumor progression and metastasis in numerous solid cancers. Tumor intrinsic GPNMB-mediated effects on cellular signaling, coupled with the ability of GPNMB to influence the primary tumor and metastatic microenvironments in a non-cell autonomous fashion, combine to augment malignant cancer phenotypes. In addition, GPNMB is often overexpressed in a variety of cancers, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this regard, glembatumumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets GPNMB, is currently in clinical trials as a single agent in multiple cancers. In this review, we will describe the physiological functions of GPNMB in normal tissues and summarize the processes through which GPNMB augments tumor growth and metastasis. We will review the pre-clinical and clinical development of glembatumumab vedotin, evaluate on-going clinical trials, explore emerging opportunities for this agent in new disease indications and discuss exciting possibilities for this ADC in the context of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- April A N Rose
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Biondini
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Galbavy W, Lu Y, Kaczocha M, Puopolo M, Liu L, Rebecchi MJ. Transcriptomic evidence of a para-inflammatory state in the middle aged lumbar spinal cord. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2017; 14:9. [PMID: 28413428 PMCID: PMC5390443 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported elevated expression of multiple pro-inflammatory markers in the lumbar spinal cord (LSC) of middle-aged male rats compared to young adults suggesting a para-inflammatory state develops in the LSC by middle age, a time that in humans is associated with the greatest pain prevalence and persistence. The goal of the current study was to examine the transcriptome-wide gene expression differences between young and middle aged LSC. METHODS Young (3 month) and middle-aged (17 month) naïve Fisher 344 rats (n = 5 per group) were euthanized, perfused with heparinized saline, and the LSC were removed. RESULTS ~70% of 31,000 coding sequences were detected. After normalization, ~ 1100 showed statistically significant differential expression. Of these genes, 353 middle-aged annotated genes differed by > 1.5 fold compared to the young group. Nearly 10% of these genes belonged to the microglial sensome. Analysis of this subset revealed that the principal age-related differential pathways populated are complement, pattern recognition receptors, OX40, and various T cell regulatory pathways consistent with microglial priming and T cell invasion and modulation. Many of these pathways substantially overlap those previously identified in studies of LSC of young animals with chronic inflammatory or neuropathic pain. CONCLUSIONS Up-modulation of complement pathway, microglial priming and activation, and T cell/antigen-presenting cell communication in healthy middle-aged LSC was found. Taken together with our previous work, the results support our conclusion that an incipient or para-inflammatory state develops in the LSC in healthy middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Galbavy
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Michelino Puopolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
| | - Mario J Rebecchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center L4, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8480 USA
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Weissmann R, Hüttenrauch M, Kacprowski T, Bouter Y, Pradier L, Bayer TA, Kuss AW, Wirths O. Gene Expression Profiling in the APP/PS1KI Mouse Model of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:397-409. [PMID: 26639971 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early intraneuronal amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, extracellular deposition of Aβ peptides, and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates. These lesions cause dendritic and synaptic alterations and induce an inflammatory response in the diseased brain. Although the neuropathological characteristics of AD have been known for decades, the molecular mechanisms causing the disease are still under investigation. Studying gene expression changes in postmortem AD brain tissue can yield new insights into the molecular disease mechanisms. To that end, one can employ transgenic AD mouse models and the next-generation sequencing technology. In this study, a whole-brain transcriptome analysis was carried out using the well-characterized APP/PS1KI mouse model for AD. These mice display a robust phenotype reflected by working memory deficits at 6 months of age, a significant neuron loss in a variety of brain areas including the CA1 region of the hippocampus and a severe amyloid pathology. Based on deep sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 6-month-old WT or PS1KI and APP/PS1KI were identified and verified by qRT-PCR. Compared to WT mice, 250 DEGs were found in APP/PS1KI mice, while 186 DEGs could be found compared to PS1KI control mice. Most of the DEGs were upregulated in APP/PS1KI mice and belong to either inflammation-associated pathways or lysosomal activation, which is likely due to the robust intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ in this mouse model. Our comprehensive brain transcriptome study further highlights APP/PS1KI mice as a valuable model for AD, covering molecular inflammatory and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weissmann
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Hüttenrauch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laurent Pradier
- Sanofi, Therapeutic Strategy Unit Neurodegeneration and Pain, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Mariani E, Frabetti F, Tarozzi A, Pelleri MC, Pizzetti F, Casadei R. Meta-Analysis of Parkinson's Disease Transcriptome Data Using TRAM Software: Whole Substantia Nigra Tissue and Single Dopamine Neuron Differential Gene Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161567. [PMID: 27611585 PMCID: PMC5017670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genetic basis of the Parkinson's disease (PD) and the correlation between genotype and phenotype has revolutionized our knowledge about the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, opening up exciting new therapeutic and neuroprotective perspectives. Genomic knowledge of PD is still in its early stages and can provide a good start for studies of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the gene expression variations and the epigenetic mechanisms that may contribute to the complex and characteristic phenotype of PD. In this study we used the software TRAM (Transcriptome Mapper) to analyse publicly available microarray data of a total of 151 PD patients and 130 healthy controls substantia nigra (SN) samples, to identify chromosomal segments and gene loci differential expression. In particular, we separately analyzed PD patients and controls data from post-mortem snap-frozen SN whole tissue and from laser microdissected midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, to better characterize the specific DA neuronal expression profile associated with the late-stage Parkinson's condition. The default "Map" mode analysis resulted in 10 significantly over/under-expressed segments, mapping on 8 different chromosomes for SN whole tissue and in 4 segments mapping on 4 different chromosomes for DA neurons. In conclusion, TRAM software allowed us to confirm the deregulation of some genomic regions and loci involved in key molecular pathways related to neurodegeneration, as well as to provide new insights about genes and non-coding RNA transcripts not yet associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mariani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pelleri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pizzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casadei
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Bao G, Wang N, Li R, Xu G, Liu P, He B. Glycoprotein non-metastaticmelanoma protein B promotes glioma motility and angiogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1968-1976. [PMID: 27334625 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216654224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a common tumor with high mortality and poor overall survival. However, the regulatory mechanisms of glioma tumorigenesis and glioma cell motility are completely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B in glioma. The expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B is observed to be aberrantly regulated in glioma tissues and cells, and high levels of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B present an inverse correlation with the survival of glioma patients. Compared with the control, glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B inhibition significantly retarded the proliferation and migration of human glioma cells. The tube formation ability of HBMECs induced by glioma cells was also remarkably reduced by glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B silencing. Increased levels of VEGF-C and TEM7 were down-regulated by the suppression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B in glioma cells. Additionally, the activity of MMP-2/3/9 was assessed in glioma cells using Western blotting and gelatin zymography assay; their activities were strongly decreased following the suppression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B. Further studies suggested that canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated, but was inactivated by glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B suppression in glioma cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B might be an inducer for glioma and could enhance matrix metalloproteinase activity through Wnt/β-catenin pathway to contribute to glioma tumorigenesis. This may represent a new understanding for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruichun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Gaofeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Baixiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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MiR-508-5p Inhibits the Progression of Glioma by Targeting Glycoprotein Non-metastatic Melanoma B. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1684-90. [PMID: 27003587 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a severe and highly lethal brain cancer, a malignancy largely stemming from growing in a relatively restrained area of the brain. Hence, the understanding of the molecular regulation of the growth of glioma is critical for improving its treatment. MicroRNA has become a hotspot in research on diseases, especially in the initiation and progression of different types of cancer. However, the molecular function and mechanisms of miR-508-5p in gliomagenesis are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate miR-508-5p expression in glioma and determine its effects on proliferation. miR-508-5p expression levels, both in glioma cell lines and in tissue, were significantly lower than in a normal human astrocyte cell line or adjacent tissues. Cell growth was analyzed using a MTT assay and over-expression of miR-508-5p was found to decrease glioma cell growth. Moreover, a bioinformatic analysis was performed, showing that glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) was a direct target for miR-508-5p in glioma cells. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with miR-508-5p reduced GPNMB protein levels in the tumor. Additionally, overexpression of GPNMB without 3'-UTR partially reversed the cell growth arrest induced by miR-508-5p over-expression in glioma cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that increased expression of miR-508-5p might be related to glioma progression, indicating a potential role of miR-508-5p for clinical therapy.
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Bosco A, Romero CO, Breen KT, Chagovetz AA, Steele MR, Ambati BK, Vetter ML. Neurodegeneration severity can be predicted from early microglia alterations monitored in vivo in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:443-55. [PMID: 25755083 PMCID: PMC4415894 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia serve key homeostatic roles, and respond to neuronal perturbation and decline with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The course of all chronic CNS pathologies is thus paralleled by local microgliosis and microglia activation, which begin at early stages of the disease. However, the possibility of using live monitoring of microglia during early disease progression to predict the severity of neurodegeneration has not been explored. Because the retina allows live tracking of fluorescent microglia in their intact niche, here we investigated their early changes in relation to later optic nerve neurodegeneration. To achieve this, we used the DBA/2J mouse model of inherited glaucoma, which develops progressive retinal ganglion cell degeneration of variable severity during aging, and represents a useful model to study pathogenic mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell decline that are similar to those in human glaucoma. We imaged CX3CR1(+/GFP) microglial cells in vivo at ages ranging from 1 to 5 months by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and quantified cell density and morphological activation. We detected early microgliosis at the optic nerve head (ONH), where axonopathy first manifests, and could track attenuation of this microgliosis induced by minocycline. We also observed heterogeneous and dynamic patterns of early microglia activation in the retina. When the same animals were aged and analyzed for the severity of optic nerve pathology at 10 months of age, we found a strong correlation with the levels of ONH microgliosis at 3 to 4 months. Our findings indicate that live imaging and monitoring the time course and levels of early retinal microgliosis and microglia activation in glaucoma could serve as indicators of future neurodegeneration severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Bosco
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Cesar O Romero
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kevin T Breen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alexis A Chagovetz
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Michael R Steele
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Monica L Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Szulzewsky F, Pelz A, Feng X, Synowitz M, Markovic D, Langmann T, Holtman IR, Wang X, Eggen BJL, Boddeke HWGM, Hambardzumyan D, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H. Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages display an expression profile different from M1 and M2 polarization and highly express Gpnmb and Spp1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116644. [PMID: 25658639 PMCID: PMC4320099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma belong to the most aggressive neoplasms in humans with no successful treatment available. Patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest-grade glioma, have an average survival time of only around one year after diagnosis. Both microglia and peripheral macrophages/monocytes accumulate within and around glioma, but fail to exert effective anti-tumor activity and even support tumor growth. Here we use microarray analysis to compare the expression profiles of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages and naive control cells. Samples were generated from CD11b+ MACS-isolated cells from naïve and GL261-implanted C57BL/6 mouse brains. Around 1000 genes were more than 2-fold up- or downregulated in glioma-associated microglia/macrophages when compared to control cells. A comparison with published data sets of M1, M2a,b,c-polarized macrophages revealed a gene expression pattern that has only partial overlap with any of the M1 or M2 gene expression patterns. Samples for the qRT-PCR validation of selected M1 and M2a,b,c-specific genes were generated from two different glioma mouse models and isolated by flow cytometry to distinguish between resident microglia and invading macrophages. We confirmed in both models the unique glioma-associated microglia/macrophage phenotype including a mixture of M1 and M2a,b,c-specific genes. To validate the expression of these genes in human we MACS-isolated CD11b+ microglia/macrophages from GBM, lower grade brain tumors and control specimens. Apart from the M1/M2 gene analysis, we demonstrate that the expression of Gpnmb and Spp1 is highly upregulated in both murine and human glioma-associated microglia/macrophages. High expression of these genes has been associated with poor prognosis in human GBM, as indicated by patient survival data linked to gene expression data. We also show that microglia/macrophages are the predominant source of these transcripts in murine and human GBM. Our findings provide new potential targets for future anti-glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Pelz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darko Markovic
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inge R. Holtman
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Wang
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bart J. L. Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus W. G. M. Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susanne A. Wolf
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schöler J, Ferralli J, Thiry S, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. The intracellular domain of teneurin-1 induces the activity of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) by binding to transcriptional repressor HINT1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8154-65. [PMID: 25648896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.615922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are large type II transmembrane proteins that are necessary for the normal development of the CNS. Although many studies highlight the significance of teneurins, especially during development, there is only limited information known about the molecular mechanisms of function. Previous studies have shown that the N-terminal intracellular domain (ICD) of teneurins can be cleaved at the membrane and subsequently translocates to the nucleus, where it can influence gene transcription. Because teneurin ICDs do not contain any intrinsic DNA binding sequences, interaction partners are required to affect transcription. Here, we identified histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) as a human teneurin-1 ICD interaction partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen. This interaction was confirmed in human cells, where HINT1 is known to inhibit the transcription of target genes by directly binding to transcription factors at the promoter. In a whole transcriptome analysis of BS149 glioblastoma cells overexpressing the teneurin-1 ICD, several microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) target genes were found to be up-regulated. Directly comparing the transcriptomes of MITF versus TEN1-ICD-overexpressing BS149 cells revealed 42 co-regulated genes, including glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB). Using real-time quantitative PCR to detect endogenous GPNMB expression upon overexpression of MITF and HINT1 as well as promoter reporter assays using GPNMB promoter constructs, we could demonstrate that the teneurin-1 ICD binds HINT1, thus switching on MITF-dependent transcription of GPNMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schöler
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and the Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Ferralli
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
| | - Stéphane Thiry
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and the Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Murata K, Yoshino Y, Tsuruma K, Moriguchi S, Oyagi A, Tanaka H, Ishisaka M, Shimazawa M, Fukunaga K, Hara H. The extracellular fragment of GPNMB (Glycoprotein nonmelanosoma protein B, osteoactivin) improves memory and increases hippocampal GluA1 levels in mice. J Neurochem 2015; 132:583-94. [PMID: 25545823 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmelanoma protein B (GPNMB, alias osteoactivin), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is cleaved by extracellular proteases, resulting in release of an extracellular fragment (ECF). GPNMB is widely expressed by neurons within the CNS, including the hippocampus; however, its function in the brain remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of GPNMB in memory and learning by using transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing GPNMB (Tg mice on a BDF-1 background) and ECF-treated mice. In the hippocampus of both wild-type and Tg mice, GPNMB was highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Tg mice exhibited memory improvements in two types of learning tasks but were impaired in a passive-avoidance test. In Tg mice, the hippocampus displayed increased levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor subunit GluA1. Intracerebroventricular administration of ECF (50 ng) to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice also improved memory in a passive-avoidance test and increased hippocampal GluA1 levels 24 h after treatment. In Tg mice and ECF (0.25 μg/mL)-treated hippocampal slices, long-term potentiation was promoted. These findings suggest that GPNMB may be a novel target for research on higher order brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Murata
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oyagi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsue Ishisaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Karlstetter M, Scholz R, Rutar M, Wong WT, Provis JM, Langmann T. Retinal microglia: just bystander or target for therapy? Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 45:30-57. [PMID: 25476242 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Resident microglial cells can be regarded as the immunological watchdogs of the brain and the retina. They are active sensors of their neuronal microenvironment and rapidly respond to various insults with a morphological and functional transformation into reactive phagocytes. There is strong evidence from animal models and in situ analyses of human tissue that microglial reactivity is a common hallmark of various retinal degenerative and inflammatory diseases. These include rare hereditary retinopathies such as retinitis pigmentosa and X-linked juvenile retinoschisis but also comprise more common multifactorial retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and uveitis as well as neurological disorders with ocular manifestation. In this review, we describe how microglial function is kept in balance under normal conditions by cross-talk with other retinal cells and summarize how microglia respond to different forms of retinal injury. In addition, we present the concept that microglia play a key role in local regulation of complement in the retina and specify aspects of microglial aging relevant for chronic inflammatory processes in the retina. We conclude that this resident immune cell of the retina cannot be simply regarded as bystander of disease but may instead be a potential therapeutic target to be modulated in the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Karlstetter
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scholz
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matt Rutar
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wai T Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan M Provis
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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47
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Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as a novel neuroprotective factor in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. Neuroscience 2014; 277:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Hou L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Xiang K, Tan Q, Guo Q. Intrathecal siRNA Against GPNMB Attenuates Nociception in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:533-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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Shi F, Duan S, Cui J, Yan X, Li H, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhang L, Liu J, Xie X. Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) Expression in the Microglia by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Upregulation of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (GPNMB) Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:234-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Lee JW, Norden AD, Ligon KL, Golby AJ, Beroukhim R, Quackenbush J, Wells W, Oelschlager K, Maetzold D, Wen PY. Tumor associated seizures in glioblastomas are influenced by survival gene expression in a region-specific manner: a gene expression imaging study. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:843-52. [PMID: 24690158 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor associated seizures (TAS) are common and cause significant morbidity. Both imaging and gene expression features play significant roles in determining TAS, with strong interactions between them. We describe gene expression imaging tools which allow mapping of brain regions where gene expression has significant influence on TAS, and apply these methods to study 77 patients who underwent surgical evaluation for supratentorial glioblastomas. Tumor size and location were measured from MRI scans. A 9-set gene expression profile predicting long-term survivors was obtained from RNA derived from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. A total of 32 patients (42%) experienced preoperative TAS. Tumor volume was smaller (31.1 vs. 58.8 cubic cm, p<0.001) and there was a trend toward median survival being higher (48.4 vs. 32.7 months, p=0.055) in patients with TAS. Although the expression of only OLIG2 was significantly lower in patients with TAS in a groupwise analysis, gene expression imaging analysis revealed regions with significantly lower expression of OLIG2 and RTN1 in patients with TAS. Gene expression imaging is a powerful technique that demonstrates that the influence of gene expression on TAS is highly region specific. Regional variability should be evaluated with any genomic or molecular markers of solid brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Andrew D Norden
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - William Wells
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristen Oelschlager
- Castle Biosciences Inc., 3330N 2nd Street, Suite 207, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
| | - Derek Maetzold
- Castle Biosciences Inc., 3330N 2nd Street, Suite 207, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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