1
|
Romann P, Schneider S, Tobler D, Jordan M, Perilleux A, Souquet J, Herwig C, Bielser JM, Villiger TK. Raman-controlled pyruvate feeding to control metabolic activity and product quality in continuous biomanufacturing. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300318. [PMID: 37897126 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite technological advances ensuring stable cell culture perfusion operation over prolonged time, reaching a cellular steady-state metabolism remains a challenge for certain manufacturing cell lines. This study investigated the stabilization of a steady-state perfusion process producing a bispecific antibody with drifting product quality attributes, caused by shifting metabolic activity in the cell culture. MAIN METHODS A novel on-demand pyruvate feeding strategy was developed, leveraging lactate as an indicator for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle saturation. Real-time lactate monitoring was achieved through in-line Raman spectroscopy, enabling accurate control at predefined target setpoints. MAJOR RESULTS The implemented feedback control strategy resulted in a three-fold reduction of ammonium accumulation and stabilized product quality profiles. Stable and flat glycosylation profiles were achieved with standard deviations below 0.2% for high mannose and fucosylation. Whereas galactosylation and sialylation were stabilized in a similar manner, varying lactate setpoints might allow for fine-tuning of these glycan forms. IMPLICATION The Raman-controlled pyruvate feeding strategy represents a valuable tool for continuous manufacturing, stabilizing metabolic activity, and preventing product quality drifting in perfusion cell cultures. Additionally, this approach effectively reduced high mannose, helping to mitigate increases associated with process intensification, such as extended culture durations or elevated culture densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Romann
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schneider
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Tobler
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jordan
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Perilleux
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Marc Bielser
- Biotech Process Science, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hara R, Kobayashi W, Yamanaka H, Murayama K, Shimoda S, Ozaki Y. Validation of the cell culture monitoring using a Raman spectroscopy calibration model developed with artificially mixed samples and investigation of model learning methods using initial batch data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:569-581. [PMID: 38099966 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of calibration models using Raman spectra data has long been challenged owing to the substantial time and cost required for robust data acquisition. To reduce the number of experiments involving actual incubation, a calibration model development method was investigated by measuring artificially mixed samples. In this method, calibration datasets were prepared using spectra from artificially mixed samples with adjusted concentrations based on design of experiments. The precision of these calibration models was validated using the actual cell culture sample. The results showed that when the culture conditions were unchanged, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of glucose, lactate, and antibody concentrations was 0.34, 0.33, and 0.25 g/L, respectively. Even when variables such as cell line or culture media were changed, the RMSEPs of glucose, lactate, and antibody concentrations remained within acceptable limits, demonstrating the robustness of the calibration models with artificially mixed samples. To further improve accuracy, a model training method for small datasets was also investigated. The spectral pretreatment conditions were optimized using error heat maps based on the first batch of each cell culture condition and applied these settings to the second and third batches. The RMSEPs improved for glucose, lactate, and antibody concentration, with values of 0.44, 0.19, and 0.18 g/L under constant culture conditions, 0.37, 0.12, and 0.12 g/L for different cell lines, and 0.26, 0.40, and 0.12 g/L when the culture media was changed. These results indicated the efficacy of calibration modeling with artificially mixed samples for actual incubations under various conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Hara
- Research and Development Department, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8750, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kobayashi
- Life Business Department, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8750, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamanaka
- Life Business Department, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8750, Japan
| | - Kodai Murayama
- Research and Development Department, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8750, Japan
- Research and Development Department, SYNCREST Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Shimoda
- Life Business Department, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8750, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pawar D, Lo Presti D, Silvestri S, Schena E, Massaroni C. Current and future technologies for monitoring cultured meat: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113464. [PMID: 37803787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The high population growth rate, massive animal food consumption, fast economic progress, and limited food resources could lead to a food crisis in the future. There is a huge requirement for dietary proteins including cultured meat is being progressed to fulfill the need for meat-derived proteins in the diet. However, production of cultured meat requires monitoring numerous bioprocess parameters. This review presents a comprehensive overview of various widely adopted techniques (optical, spectroscopic, electrochemical, capacitive, FETs, resistive, microscopy, and ultrasound) for monitoring physical, chemical, and biological parameters that can improve the bioprocess control in cultured meat. The methods, operating principle, merits/demerits, and the main open challenges are reviewed with the aim to support the readers in advancing knowledge on novel sensing systems for cultured meat applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dnyandeo Pawar
- Microwave Materials Group, Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Athani P.O, Thrissur, Kerala 680581, India.
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Silvestri
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Webster TA, Hadley BC, Dickson M, Hodgkins J, Olin M, Wolnick N, Armstrong J, Mason C, Downey B. Automated Raman feed-back control of multiple supplemental feeds to enable an intensified high inoculation density fed-batch platform process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1457-1470. [PMID: 37633861 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologics manufacturing is increasingly moving toward intensified processes that require novel control strategies in order to achieve higher titers in shorter periods of time compared to traditional fed-batch cultures. In order to implement these strategies for intensified processes, continuous process monitoring is often required. To this end, inline Raman spectroscopy was used to develop partial least squares models to monitor changes in residual concentrations of glucose, phenylalanine and methionine during the culture of five different glutamine synthetase piggyBac® Chinese hamster ovary clones cultured using an intensified high inoculation density fed-batch platform process. Continuous monitoring of residual metabolite concentrations facilitated automated feed-rate adjustment of three supplemental feeds to maintain glucose, phenylalanine, and methionine at desired setpoints, while maintaining other nutrient concentrations at acceptable levels across all clones cultured on the high inoculation density platform process. Furthermore, all clones cultured on this process achieved high viable cell concentrations over the course of culture, indicating no detrimental impacts from the proposed feeding strategy. Finally, the automated control strategy sustained cultures inoculated at high cell densities to achieve product concentrations between 5 and 8.3 g/L over the course of 12 days of culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian C Hadley
- Lonza Biologics, Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | - Marissa Dickson
- Lonza Biologics, Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | - Jessica Hodgkins
- Lonza Biologics, Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carrie Mason
- Lonza Biologics, Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Głowacz K, Skorupska S, Grabowska-Jadach I, Bro R, Ciosek-Skibińska P. Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy Coupled with PARAFAC Modeling for Viability Prediction of Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15968-15978. [PMID: 37179610 PMCID: PMC10173342 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based sensors and assays have great potential in bioanalysis, drug discovery screening, and biochemical mechanisms research. The cell viability tests should be fast, safe, reliable, and time- and cost-effective. Although methods stated as "gold standards", such as MTT, XTT, and LDH assays, usually fulfill these assumptions, they also show some limitations. They can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to errors and interference. Moreover, they do not enable the observation of the cell viability changes in real-time, continuously, and nondestructively. Therefore, we propose an alternative method of viability testing: native excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), which is especially advantageous for cell monitoring due to its noninvasiveness and nondestructiveness and because there is no need for labeling and sample preparation. We demonstrate that our approach provides accurate results with even better sensitivity than the standard MTT test. With PARAFAC, it is possible to study the mechanism of the observed cell viability changes, which can be directly linked to increasing/decreasing fluorophores in the cell culture medium. The resulting parameters of the PARAFAC model are also helpful in establishing a reliable regression model for accurate and precise determination of the viability in A375 and HaCaT-adherent cell cultures treated with oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Głowacz
- Chair
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Skorupska
- Chair
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Grabowska-Jadach
- Chair
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rasmus Bro
- Department
of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrycja Ciosek-Skibińska
- Chair
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hara R, Kobayashi W, Yamanaka H, Murayama K, Shimoda S, Ozaki Y. Development of Raman Calibration Model Without Culture Data for In-Line Analysis of Metabolites in Cell Culture Media. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:521-533. [PMID: 36765462 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231160197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method to build Raman calibration models without culture data for cell culture monitoring. First, Raman spectra were collected and then analyzed for the signals of all the mentioned analytes: glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, ammonia, antibody, viable cells, media, and feed agent. Using these spectral data, the specific peak positions and intensities for each factor were detected. Next, according to the design of the experiment method, samples were prepared by mixing the above-mentioned factors. Raman spectra of these samples were collected and were used to build calibration models. Several combinations of spectral pretreatments and wavenumber regions were compared to optimize the calibration model for cell culture monitoring without culture data. The accuracy of the developed calibration model was evaluated by performing actual cell culture and fitting the in-line measured spectra to the developed calibration model. As a result, the calibration model achieved sufficiently good accuracy for the three components, glucose, lactate, and antibody (root mean square errors of prediction, or RMSEP = 0.23, 0.29, and 0.20 g/L, respectively). This study has presented innovative results in developing a culture monitoring method without using culture data, while using a basic conventional method of investigating the Raman spectra of each component in the culture media and then utilizing a design of experiment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Hara
- Department of Research and Development, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Japan
| | - Wataru Kobayashi
- Department of Life Business, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamanaka
- Department of Life Business, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Japan
| | - Kodai Murayama
- Department of Research and Development, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Japan
| | - Soichiro Shimoda
- Department of Life Business, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Musashino, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Graf A, Woodhams A, Nelson M, Richardson DD, Short SM, Brower M, Hoehse M. Automated Data Generation for Raman Spectroscopy Calibrations in Multi-Parallel Mini Bioreactors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093397. [PMID: 35591088 PMCID: PMC9099804 DOI: 10.3390/s22093397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technology for the simultaneous measurement of important process parameters, such as concentrations of nutrients, metabolites, and product titer in mammalian cell culture. The majority of published Raman studies have concentrated on using the technique for the monitoring and control of bioreactors at pilot and manufacturing scales. This research presents a novel approach to generating Raman models using a high-throughput 250 mL mini bioreactor system with the following two integrated analysis modules: a prototype flow cell enabling on-line Raman measurements and a bioanalyzer to generate reference measurements without a significant time-shift, compared to the corresponding Raman measurement. Therefore, spectral variations could directly be correlated with the actual analyte concentrations to build reliable models. Using a design of experiments (DoE) approach and additional spiked samples, the optimized workflow resulted in robust Raman models for glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate and titer in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The setup presented in this paper enables the generation of reliable Raman models that can be deployed to predict analyte concentrations, thereby facilitating real-time monitoring and control of biologics manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Graf
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Goettingen, Germany;
| | | | - Michael Nelson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (M.N.); (D.D.R.); (S.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Douglas D. Richardson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (M.N.); (D.D.R.); (S.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Steven M. Short
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (M.N.); (D.D.R.); (S.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mark Brower
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (M.N.); (D.D.R.); (S.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marek Hoehse
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Goettingen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Graf A, Lemke J, Schulze M, Soeldner R, Rebner K, Hoehse M, Matuszczyk J. A Novel Approach for Non-Invasive Continuous In-Line Control of Perfusion Cell Cultivations by Raman Spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:719614. [PMID: 35547168 PMCID: PMC9081366 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.719614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous manufacturing is becoming more important in the biopharmaceutical industry. This processing strategy is favorable, as it is more efficient, flexible, and has the potential to produce higher and more consistent product quality. At the same time, it faces some challenges, especially in cell culture. As a steady state has to be maintained over a prolonged time, it is unavoidable to implement advanced process analytical technologies to control the relevant process parameters in a fast and precise manner. One such analytical technology is Raman spectroscopy, which has proven its advantages for process monitoring and control mostly in (fed-) batch cultivations. In this study, an in-line flow cell for Raman spectroscopy is included in the cell-free harvest stream of a perfusion process. Quantitative models for glucose and lactate were generated based on five cultivations originating from varying bioreactor scales. After successfully validating the glucose model (Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) of ∼0.2 g/L), it was employed for control of an external glucose feed in cultivation with a glucose-free perfusion medium. The generated model was successfully applied to perform process control at 4 g/L and 1.5 g/L glucose over several days, respectively, with variability of ±0.4 g/L. The results demonstrate the high potential of Raman spectroscopy for advanced process monitoring and control of a perfusion process with a bioreactor and scale-independent measurement method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Graf
- Product Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Lemke
- Corporate Research, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: J. Lemke,
| | - M. Schulze
- Corporate Research, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. Soeldner
- Corporate Research, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. Rebner
- Process Analysis and Technology PA&T, Reutlingen University, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - M. Hoehse
- Product Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Matuszczyk
- Corporate Research, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Głowacz K, Skorupska S, Grabowska-Jadach I, Ciosek-Skibińska P. Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy for cell viability testing in UV-treated cell culture. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7652-7660. [PMID: 35424724 PMCID: PMC8982211 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of cells viability is essential in a number of biomedical applications, including cell-based sensors, cell-based microsystems, and cell-based assays. The use of spectroscopic techniques for such purposes is especially advantageous since they are non-invasive, label-free, and non-destructive. However, such an approach must include chemometric analysis of the data to assess the information on cells viability. In the presented article we demonstrate, that excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied for reliable determination of cells viability due to the high correlation of EEM fluorescence data with the MTT test data. A375 cells (malignant melanoma) were exposed to UV radiation as a physical stress factor, resulting in a decrease of viability up to ca. 20%, confirmed by the standard MTT test. They were also characterized by means of EEM fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with unfolded partial least squares (UPLS) regression. Statistical evaluation revealed high accordance of the two methods of viability testing in terms of accuracy, precision, and correlation. The presented results are very promising for the development of spectroscopic soft sensors that can be applied for drug screening, biocompatibility testing, tissue engineering, and pharmacodynamic studies. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied for label-free and non-destructive determination of cells viability, which is promising methodology for drug screening, biocompatibility testing, or pharmacodynamic studies.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Głowacz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Skorupska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Grabowska-Jadach
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ciosek-Skibińska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng W, Zhang S, Gu Y, Gong F, Kong L, Lu G, Lin G, Liang B, Hu L. Non-invasive Metabolomic Profiling of Embryo Culture Medium Using Raman Spectroscopy With Deep Learning Model Predicts the Blastocyst Development Potential of Embryos. Front Physiol 2021; 12:777259. [PMID: 34867485 PMCID: PMC8640355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.777259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to establish a non-invasive predicting model via Raman spectroscopy for evaluating the blastocyst development potential of day 3 high-quality cleavage stage embryos. Methods: Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the metabolic spectrum of spent day 3 (D3) embryo culture medium, and a classification model based on deep learning was established to differentiate between embryos that could develop into blastocysts (blastula) and that could not (non-blastula). The full-spectrum data for 80 blastula and 48 non-blastula samples with known blastocyst development potential from 34 patients were collected for this study. Results: The accuracy of the predicting method was 73.53% and the main different Raman shifts between blastula and non-blastula groups were 863.5, 959.5, 1,008, 1,104, 1,200, 1,360, 1,408, and 1,632 cm-1 from 80 blastula and 48 non-blastula samples by the linear discriminant method. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the developing potential of D3 cleavage stage embryos to the blastocyst stage could be predicted with spent D3 embryo culture medium using Raman spectroscopy with deep learning classification models, and the overall accuracy reached at 73.53%. In the Raman spectroscopy, ribose vibration specific to RNA were found, indicating that the difference between the blastula and non-blastula samples could be due to materials that have similar structure with RNA. This result could be used as a guide for biomarker development of embryo quality assessment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and Carcinogenesis, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoping Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Gong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyin Kong
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and Carcinogenesis, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xangya, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and Carcinogenesis, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The role of Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceuticals from development to manufacturing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:969-991. [PMID: 34668998 PMCID: PMC8724084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals have revolutionized the field of medicine in the types of active ingredient molecules and treatable indications. Adoption of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) frameworks has helped the biopharmaceutical field to realize consistent product quality, process intensification, and real-time control. As part of the PAT strategy, Raman spectroscopy offers many benefits and is used successfully in bioprocessing from single-cell analysis to cGMP process control. Since first introduced in 2011 for industrial bioprocessing applications, Raman has become a first-choice PAT for monitoring and controlling upstream bioprocesses because it facilitates advanced process control and enables consistent process quality. This paper will discuss new frontiers in extending these successes in upstream from scale-down to commercial manufacturing. New reports concerning the use of Raman spectroscopy in the basic science of single cells and downstream process monitoring illustrate industrial recognition of Raman’s value throughout a biopharmaceutical product’s lifecycle. Finally, we draw upon a nearly 90-year history in biological Raman spectroscopy to provide the basis for laboratory and in-line measurements of protein quality, including higher-order structure and composition modifications, to support formulation development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Reiter A, Herbst L, Wiechert W, Oldiges M. Need for speed: evaluation of dilute and shoot-mass spectrometry for accelerated metabolic phenotyping in bioprocess development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3253-3268. [PMID: 33791825 PMCID: PMC8079306 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With the utilization of small-scale and highly parallelized cultivation platforms embedded in laboratory robotics, microbial phenotyping and bioprocess development have been substantially accelerated, thus generating a bottleneck in bioanalytical bioprocess sample analytics. While microscale cultivation platforms allow the monitoring of typical process parameters, only limited information about product and by-product formation is provided without comprehensive analytics. The use of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry can provide such a comprehensive and quantitative insight, but is often limited by analysis runtime and throughput. In this study, we developed and evaluated six methods for amino acid quantification based on two strong cation exchanger columns and a dilute and shoot approach in hyphenation with either a triple-quadrupole or a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry with 13C15N labeled amino acids was used to correct for matrix effects. The versatility of the methods for metabolite profiling studies of microbial cultivation supernatants is confirmed by a detailed method validation study. The methods using chromatography columns showed a linear range of approx. 4 orders of magnitude, sufficient response factors, and low quantification limits (7-443 nM) for single analytes. Overall, relative standard deviation was comparable for all analytes, with < 8% and < 11% for unbuffered and buffered media, respectively. The dilute and shoot methods with an analysis time of 1 min provided similar performance but showed a factor of up to 35 times higher throughput. The performance and applicability of the dilute and shoot method are demonstrated using a library of Corynebacterium glutamicum strains producing L-histidine, obtained from random mutagenesis, which were cultivated in a microscale cultivation platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reiter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Herbst
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Systems Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rowland-Jones RC, Graf A, Woodhams A, Diaz-Fernandez P, Warr S, Soeldner R, Finka G, Hoehse M. Spectroscopy integration to miniature bioreactors and large scale production bioreactors-Increasing current capabilities and model transfer. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3074. [PMID: 32865874 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy techniques are being implemented within the biopharmaceutical industry due to their non-destructive ability to measure multiple analytes simultaneously, however, minimal work has been applied focussing on their application at small scale. Miniature bioreactor systems are being applied across the industry for cell line development as they offer a high-throughput solution for screening and process optimization. The application of small volume, high-throughput, automated analyses to miniature bioreactors has the potential to significantly augment the type and quality of data from these systems and enhance alignment with large-scale bioreactors. Here, we present an evaluation of 1. a prototype that fully integrates spectroscopy to a miniature bioreactor system (ambr®15, Sartorius Stedim Biotech) enabling automated Raman spectra acquisition, 2. In 50 L single-use bioreactor bag (SUB) prototype with an integrated spectral window. OPLS models were developed demonstrating good accuracy for multiple analytes at both scales. Furthermore, the 50 L SUB prototype enabled on-line monitoring without the need for sterilization of the probe prior to use and minimal light interference was observed. We also demonstrate the ability to build robust models due to induced changes that are hard and costly to perform at large scale and the potential of transferring these models across the scales. The implementation of this technology enables integration of spectroscopy at the small scale for better process understanding and generation of robust models over a large design space while facilitating model transfer throughout the scales enabling continuity throughout process development and utilization and transfer of ever-increasing data generation from development to manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Rowland-Jones
- Biopharm Process Research, Biopharm Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Alexander Graf
- Product Development, PAT Corporate Research, Bioprocessing, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Angus Woodhams
- Hardware Development, The Automation Partnership (Cambridge) Limited, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paloma Diaz-Fernandez
- Biopharm Process Research, Biopharm Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Steve Warr
- Biopharm Process Research, Biopharm Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Robert Soeldner
- Product Development, PAT Corporate Research, Bioprocessing, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gary Finka
- Biopharm Process Research, Biopharm Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Marek Hoehse
- Product Development, PAT Corporate Research, Bioprocessing, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen X, Hu R, Hu L, Huang Y, Shi W, Wei Q, Li Z. Portable Analytical Techniques for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Biomanufacturing Processes: Recent Advances and Limitations. Front Chem 2020; 8:837. [PMID: 33024746 PMCID: PMC7516303 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to develop effective analytical techniques for accurate and continuous monitoring of various biomanufacturing processes, such as the production of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, through sensitive and quantitative detection of characteristic aqueous or gaseous metabolites and other analytes in the cell culture media. A comprehensive summary toward the use of mainstream techniques for bioprocess monitoring is critically reviewed here, which illustrates the instrumental and procedural advances and limitations of several major analytical tools in biomanufacturing applications. Despite those drawbacks present in modern detection systems such as mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or chemical/biological sensors, a considerable number of useful solutions and inspirations such as electronic or optoelectronic noses can be offered to greatly overcome the restrictions and facilitate the development of advanced analytical techniques that can target a more diverse range of key nutritious components, products or potential contaminants in different biomanufacturing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Runmen Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luoyu Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingcan Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyang Shi
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Webster TA, Hadley BC, Dickson M, Busa JK, Jaques C, Mason C. Feedback control of two supplemental feeds during fed-batch culture on a platform process using inline Raman models for glucose and phenylalanine concentration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:127-140. [PMID: 32816075 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of Raman models for glucose and phenylalanine concentrations to provide the signal for a control algorithm to continuously adjust the feed rate of two separate supplemental feeds during the fed-batch culture of a CHOK1SV GS-KO® cell line in a platform process was evaluated. Automated feed rate adjustment of the glucose feed using a Raman model for glucose concentration, maintained the glucose concentration within the desired target (average deviation ± 0.49 g/L). Automated feed rate adjustment of the nutrient feed using a Raman model for phenylalanine concentration, maintained phenylalanine concentrations within the target (average deviation ± 29.97 mg/L). The novel use of a Raman model for phenylalanine concentration, combined with a Raman model for glucose concentration, to maintain target glucose and phenylalanine concentrations through feed-rate adjustments, reduced the average cumulative glucose and nutrient feed additions (19% and 27% respectively) compared to manually adjusted cultures. Additionally, the proposed automation strategy led to lower osmolality during culture, maintained the nutrient environment more consistently, and achieved higher harvest product concentration (≈ 20% higher) compared to typical fed-batch process control for the cell line and platform process evaluated. Furthermore, the proposed feeding strategy yielded similar glycosylation and charge variant profiles compared to manually adjusted fed-batch process control. The ability to continuously adjust the feed rate addition of two separate feeds in this manner helps enable a shift away from the current daily offline sampling needed to control fed-batch mammalian cell culture during clinical and commercial manufacturing on platform processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian C Hadley
- Lonza Biologics Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | - Marissa Dickson
- Lonza Biologics Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | - John K Busa
- Lonza Biologics Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | - Colin Jaques
- Lonza Biologics Plc, 228 Bath Road, Slough, SL14DX, UK
| | - Carrie Mason
- Lonza Biologics Inc, 101 International Dr, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rothbauer M, Eilenberger C, Spitz S, Bachmann B, Pajenda J, Schwaighofer A, Höll G, Helmke PS, Kohl Y, Lendl B, Ertl P. FTIR spectroscopy as a novel analytical approach for investigation of glucose transport and glucose transport inhibition studies in transwell in vitro barrier models. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118388. [PMID: 32361318 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transport is key for cellular metabolism as well as physiological function and is maintained via passive facilitated and active sodium-glucose linked transport routes. Here, we present for the first time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as a novel approach for quantification of apical-to-basolateral glucose transport of in vitro cell barrier models using liver, lung, intestinal and placental cancer cell lines. Results of our comparative study revealed that distinct differences could be observed upon subjection to transport inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Pajenda
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Höll
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Palle Steen Helmke
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feidl F, Vogg S, Wolf M, Podobnik M, Ruggeri C, Ulmer N, Wälchli R, Souquet J, Broly H, Butté A, Morbidelli M. Process‐wide control and automation of an integrated continuous manufacturing platform for antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1367-1380. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Feidl
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Vogg
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Moritz Wolf
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Matevz Podobnik
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Caterina Ruggeri
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ulmer
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Ruben Wälchli
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Serono S.A. Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck Serono S.A. Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Butté
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesZurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dervisevic E, Tuck KL, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ. Recent Progress in Lab-On-a-Chip Systems for the Monitoring of Metabolites for Mammalian and Microbial Cell Research. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5027. [PMID: 31752167 PMCID: PMC6891382 DOI: 10.3390/s19225027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip sensing technologies have changed how cell biology research is conducted. This review summarises the progress in the lab-on-a-chip devices implemented for the detection of cellular metabolites. The review is divided into two subsections according to the methods used for the metabolite detection. Each section includes a table which summarises the relevant literature and also elaborates the advantages of, and the challenges faced with that particular method. The review continues with a section discussing the achievements attained due to using lab-on-a-chip devices within the specific context. Finally, a concluding section summarises what is to be resolved and discusses the future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility-Victorian Node, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pais DAM, Portela RMC, Carrondo MJT, Isidro IA, Alves PM. Enabling PAT in insect cell bioprocesses:
In situ
monitoring of recombinant adeno‐associated virus production by fluorescence spectroscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2803-2814. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. M. Pais
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Rui M. C. Portela
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
| | | | - Inês A. Isidro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tajsoleiman T, Mears L, Krühne U, Gernaey KV, Cornelissen S. An Industrial Perspective on Scale-Down Challenges Using Miniaturized Bioreactors. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:697-706. [PMID: 30737008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized stirred bioreactors (MSBRs) are gaining popularity as a cost-effective approach to scale-down experimentation. However, realizing conditions that reflect the large-scale process accurately can be challenging. This article highlights common challenges of using MSBRs for scale-down. The fundamental difference between oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and oxygen transfer rate scaling is addressed and the difficulty of achieving turbulent flow and industrially relevant tip speeds is described. More practical challenges of using MSBR systems for scale-down are also discussed, including the risk of vortex formation, changed volume dynamics, and wall growth. By highlighting these challenges, the article aims to create more awareness of these difficulties and to contribute to improved design of scale-down experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Tajsoleiman
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisa Mears
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@KristGernaey
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
At‐line raman spectroscopy and design of experiments for robust monitoring and control of miniature bioreactor cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2740. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
22
|
Holzberg TR, Watson V, Brown S, Andar A, Ge X, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Rao G. Sensors for biomanufacturing process development: facilitating the shift from batch to continuous manufacturing. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Sandner V, Pybus LP, McCreath G, Glassey J. Scale-Down Model Development in ambr systems: An Industrial Perspective. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700766. [PMID: 30350921 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-Throughput (HT) technologies such as miniature bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly employed within the biopharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Traditionally, these technologies have been utilized for discrete screening approaches during pre-clinical development (e.g., cell line selection and process optimization). However, increasing interest is focused towards their use during late clinical phase process characterization studies as a scale-down model (SDM) of the cGMP manufacturing process. In this review, the authors describe a systematic approach toward SDM development in one of the most widely adopted MBRs, the ambr 15 and 250 mL (Sartorius Stedim Biotech) systems. Recent efforts have shown promise in qualifying ambr systems as SDMs to support more efficient, robust and safe biomanufacturing processes. The authors suggest that combinatorial improvements in process understanding (matching of mass transfer and cellular stress between scales through computational fluid dynamics and in vitro analysis), experimental design (advanced risk assessment and statistical design of experiments), and data analysis (combining uni- and multi-variate techniques) will ultimately yield ambr SDMs applicable for future regulatory submissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Sandner
- Process Design, Process Development, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LH, United Kingdom.,School Engineering, Merz Court University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Leon P Pybus
- Mammalian Cell Culture, Process Development, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham McCreath
- Process Design, Process Development, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LH, United Kingdom
| | - Jarka Glassey
- School Engineering, Merz Court University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hemmerich J, Tenhaef N, Steffens C, Kappelmann J, Weiske M, Reich SJ, Wiechert W, Oldiges M, Noack S. Less Sacrifice, More Insight: Repeated Low-Volume Sampling of Microbioreactor Cultivations Enables Accelerated Deep Phenotyping of Microbial Strain Libraries. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800428. [PMID: 30318833 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With modern genetic engineering tools, high number of potentially improved production strains can be created in a short time. This results in a bottleneck in the succeeding step of bioprocess development, which can be handled by accelerating quantitative microbial phenotyping. Miniaturization and automation are key technologies to achieve this goal. In this study, a novel workflow for repeated low-volume sampling of BioLector-based cultivation setups is presented. Six samples of 20 μL each can be taken automatically from shaken 48-well microtiter plates without disturbing cell population growth. The volume is sufficient for quantification of substrate and product concentrations by spectrophotometric-based enzyme assays. From transient concentration data and replicate cultures, valid performance indicators (titers, rates, yields) are determined through process modeling and random error propagation analysis. Practical relevance of the workflow is demonstrated with a set of five genome-reduced Corynebacterium glutamicum strains that are engineered for Sec-mediated heterologous cutinase secretion. Quantitative phenotyping of this strain library led to the identification of a strain with a 1.6-fold increase in cutinase yield. The prophage-free strain carries combinatorial deletions of three gene clusters (Δ3102-3111, Δ3263-3301, and Δ3324-3345) of which the last two likely contain novel target genes to foster rational engineering of heterologous cutinase secretion in C. glutamicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hemmerich
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Niklas Tenhaef
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Steffens
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jannick Kappelmann
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Weiske
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Reich
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Computational Systems Biotechnology (AVT.CSB), RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio-und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li M, Ebel B, Chauchard F, Guédon E, Marc A. Parallel comparison of in situ Raman and NIR spectroscopies to simultaneously measure multiple variables toward real-time monitoring of CHO cell bioreactor cultures. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
27
|
Kögler M, Paul A, Anane E, Birkholz M, Bunker A, Viitala T, Maiwald M, Junne S, Neubauer P. Comparison of time-gated surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) and classical SERS based monitoring of Escherichia coli cultivation samples. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1533-1542. [PMID: 29882305 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of Raman spectroscopy as a monitoring technique for bioprocesses is severely limited by a large background signal originating from fluorescing compounds in the culture media. Here, we compare time-gated Raman (TG-Raman)-, continuous wave NIR-process Raman (NIR-Raman), and continuous wave micro-Raman (micro-Raman) approaches in combination with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for their potential to overcome this limit. For that purpose, we monitored metabolite concentrations of Escherichia coli bioreactor cultivations in cell-free supernatant samples. We investigated concentration transients of glucose, acetate, AMP, and cAMP at alternating substrate availability, from deficiency to excess. Raman and SERS signals were compared to off-line metabolite analysis of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and nucleotides. Results demonstrate that SERS, in almost all cases, led to a higher number of identifiable signals and better resolved spectra. Spectra derived from the TG-Raman were comparable to those of micro-Raman resulting in well-discernable Raman peaks, which allowed for the identification of a higher number of compounds. In contrast, NIR-Raman provided a superior performance for the quantitative evaluation of analytes, both with and without SERS nanoparticles when using multivariate data analysis. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1533-1542, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kögler
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76 ACK24, Berlin, D-13355, Germany.,Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
| | - Andrea Paul
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, Berlin, D-12489, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Anane
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76 ACK24, Berlin, D-13355, Germany
| | - Mario Birkholz
- IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, Frankfurt, Oder, 15236, Germany
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
| | - Michael Maiwald
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, Berlin, D-12489, Germany
| | - Stefan Junne
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76 ACK24, Berlin, D-13355, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 76 ACK24, Berlin, D-13355, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Webster TA, Hadley BC, Hilliard W, Jaques C, Mason C. Development of generic raman models for a GS-KOTM
CHO platform process. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:730-737. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian C. Hadley
- Lonza Biologics Inc., 101 International Dr; Portsmouth NH 03801
| | | | - Colin Jaques
- Lonza Biologics plc, 228 Bath road; Slough SL14DX
| | - Carrie Mason
- Lonza Biologics Inc., 101 International Dr; Portsmouth NH 03801
| |
Collapse
|