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García MF, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina M, Pineros-Leano M, Hodges JC, Bates M, Brown EC, Rodríguez J, Calderón I, Schwartz SJ. The impact of cultural stress on family functioning among Puerto Rican displaced families and the effect on mental health. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38632594 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hurricane María caused significant devastation on the island of Puerto Rico, impacting thousands of lives. Puerto Rican crisis migrant families faced stress related to displacement and relocation (cultural stress), often exhibited mental health symptoms, and experienced distress at the family level. Although cultural stress has been examined as an individual experience, little work has focused on the experience as a family. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study designed to examine the predictive effects of cultural stress on family conflict and its mental health implications among Puerto Rican Hurricane María parent and child dyads living on the U.S. mainland. In the quantitative phase of the study, 110 parent-child dyads completed an online survey assessing cultural stress, family dynamics, and mental health. As part of our primary analysis, we estimated a structural equation path model. Findings from the quantitative phase showed a significant positive relationship between family cultural stress and family conflict, as well as individual parent and child mental health symptoms. In the qualitative phase of the study, 35 parent-child dyads participated in individual interviews. Findings from the interviews revealed variations in difficulties related to language, discrimination, and financial burdens, with some participants adapting more quickly and experiencing fewer stressors. Findings also highlight the impact on mental health for both parents and youth, emphasizing the family-level nature of cultural stress, while noting a potential discrepancy between qualitative and quantitative findings in the discussion of family conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Montero-Zamora
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mildred Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - J C Hodges
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Bates
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ivonne Calderón
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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Akram S, Baloch MYJ, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Idrees M, Al-Kubaisi HARA. Interface between mental health and the earthquake: considering humanitarian endeavor. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326407. [PMID: 38481846 PMCID: PMC10935552 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akram
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sahbaz S, Cox RB, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Bates MM, Pérez-Gómez A, Mejía-Trujillo J, Vos SR, Scaramutti C, Perazzo PA, Duque M, Garcia MF, Brown EC, Schwartz SJ. Measuring Anxiety Among Latino Immigrant Populations: Within-Country and Between-Country Comparisons. Assessment 2024:10731911231223715. [PMID: 38217446 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231223715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent mental health disorder among adults worldwide. Given its increased prevalence among migrants due to their marginalized position in the societies where they reside, psychometric evaluations of anxiety measures such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) are needed for use with migrants. The present study is the first attempt to compare the structure of GAD-7 scores for (a) different Latino groups in the same country and (b) the same Latino group in two different countries. Using three samples of Mexican and Venezuelan migrants (total N = 933), we provide reliability and validity evidence of the GAD-7 for use with adult Latino migrants. Utilizing confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, we demonstrate that the GAD-7 is internally consistent, possesses a strong single-factor structure, and generates scores with equivalent psychometric properties. GAD-7 is appropriate for use with Mexican and Venezuelan migrants across differing gender groups and education levels.
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Ertanir B, Cobb CL, Unger JB, Celada-Dalton T, West AE, Zeledon I, Perazzo PA, Cano MÁ, Des Rosiers SE, Duque MC, Ozer S, Cruz N, Scaramutti C, Vos SR, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Nehme L, Martinez CR, Zayas LH, Schwartz SJ. Crisis Migration Adverse Childhood Events: A New Category of Youth Adversity for Crisis Migrant Children and Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1871-1882. [PMID: 36626084 PMCID: PMC10661744 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present article proposes an extension of the concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to apply to crisis migration - where youth and families are fleeing armed conflicts, natural disasters, community violence, government repression, and other large-scale emergencies. We propose that adverse events occurring prior to, during, and following migration can be classified as crisis-migration-related ACEs, and that the developmental logic underlying ACEs can be extended to the new class of crisis-migration-related ACEs. Specifically, greater numbers, severity, and chronicity of crisis-migration-related ACEs would be expected to predict greater impairments in mental and physical health, poorer interpersonal relationships, and less job stability later on. We propose a research agenda centered around definitional clarity, rigorous measurement development, prospective longitudinal studies to establish predictive validity, and collaborations among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Ertanir
- School of Education, Institute Research and Development, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Bahnhofstrasse 6, 5210, Windisch, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Amy E West
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ingrid Zeledon
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | | | - Maria C Duque
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | | | - Natalie Cruz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Saskia R Vos
- University of Miami (Florida), Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Lea Nehme
- Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | | | - Luis H Zayas
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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Rengifo-Reina H, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, López-Olmedo N, Sánchez BN, Diez Roux AV. Frailty in Older Adults and Internal and Forced Migration in Urban Neighborhood Contexts in Colombia. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605379. [PMID: 37215649 PMCID: PMC10196000 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the association between the density of internal human migration, in the urban neighborhood, on frailty in the older adult population in Colombia. Methods: The data used in this study are from four Colombian population surveys. We analyzed 633 census tracts with a sample of 2,194 adults 60 years and over for frailty (measured using the Fried criteria). We considered the proportion of inhabitants in a census tract with a history of internal migration as the exposure variable considering three temporalities. For contextual forced migration, we identified two types: 5-year, and 1-year. Poisson multivariable regression models with two hierarchical levels (individual and census tracts) were estimated. Results: The prevalence of pre-fragile/frailty was 80.63% [CI 95%: 77.67, 83.28]. The prevalence ratio were significantly higher for the older adults who live in neighborhoods where a higher proportion of internal migrants reside. Conclusion: We conclude that older adults who lived in neighborhoods with a high proportion of internal migrants experience more frailty. Potential explanations are that neighborhoods with high internal migration could experience social (l increase in cultural heterogeneity, in the perception of insecurity, violence and physical conditions (pressure on local economies and services, leading elderly residents to compete for neighborhood resources), translated into social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herney Rengifo-Reina
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Mexico), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Mexico), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Maldonado-Molina MM, Bates M, Brown EC, García MF, Rodríguez J, Schwartz SJ. The importance of acculturation orientation in understanding the impact of pre- and post-migration stressors on behavioral health: Evidence from a crisis migrant sample. J Clin Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36905346 PMCID: PMC10363205 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the interplay of acculturation orientation, cultural stress, and hurricane trauma exposure with behavioral health among Puerto Rican crisis migrants who relocated to the US mainland after Hurricane Maria. METHOD Participants were 319 adult (Mage = 39 years; 71% female; 90% arriving in 2017-2018) Hurricane Maria survivors surveyed on the US mainland. Latent profile analysis was used to model acculturation subtypes. In turn, ordinary least squares regression was executed to examine the associations of cultural stress and hurricane trauma exposure with behavioral health while stratifying by acculturation subtype. RESULTS Five acculturation orientation subtypes were modeled, three of which-Separated (24%), Marginalized (13%), and Full Bicultural (14%)-align closely with prior theorizing. We also identified Partially Bicultural (21%) and Moderate (28%) subtypes. Stratifying by acculturation subtype, with behavioral health (depression/anxiety symptoms) specified as the dependent variable, hurricane trauma and cultural stress accounted for only 4% of explained variance in the Moderate class, a somewhat greater percentage in the Partial Bicultural (12%) and Separated (15%) classes, and substantially greater amounts of variance in the Marginalized (25%) and Full Bicultural (56%) classes. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of accounting for acculturation in understanding the relationship between stress and behavioral health among climate migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, School of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa Bates
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, School of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - María F García
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - José Rodríguez
- Iglesia Episcopal Jesús de Nazaret, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Pérez-Gómez A, Trujillo JM, Schwartz SJ. The Venezuelan diaspora: Migration-related experiences and mental health. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101430. [PMID: 35985072 PMCID: PMC9870179 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since 2015, the Venezuelan diaspora has poured forth from the Venezuelan sending context into an array of (mostly) middle-income receiving countries and into the United States (US) as well. For many Venezuelan migrants, post-migration reception has been mixed, and multiple studies suggest that mental health is an important challenge with discrimination and negative context reception contributing to mental health burden in terms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Cross-national research points to important sociodemographic differences between Venezuelan migrants resettled in South American contexts and in the US, and suggests that-on average-migration-related cultural stress is lower and mental health outcomes are better among those resettling in South Florida and elsewhere in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Prevalence of depression and anxiety among children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:16-26. [PMID: 34807367 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of psychiatric disorders in children is essential in timely treatment. Despite individual studies, there is no information on the exact status of psychiatric disorders in children. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS This meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021231491). Several databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 15, 2020. The key words included: depression, anxiety, children, and diabetes. The steps of search, comprising screening, risk of bias, and extraction of study data, were performed separately by two researchers. RESULTS It was found that a total of 109 studies had been conducted involving 52,493 children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. These studies were included in the present review study. The prevalence of depression, anxiety among children with type 1 diabetes were 22.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.2-25.2], and 17.7% (95% CI 15.2-20.1), respectively. The prevalence of depression was higher among girls (29.7%) than boys (19.7%). The prevalence of depression was higher in lower-middle-income countries at 29.3% (95% CI 18.6-40.0). The prevalence of depression among children with type 2 diabetes was 22.7% (95% CI 17.3-28.0). CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate the importance of paying attention to extensive periodic screening and appropriate activities to reduce pediatric depression.
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Crocetti E, Eckstein K. The impact of migration on child and adolescent development: Diversity in migration pathways and experiences. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:7-11. [PMID: 33884741 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Noack P. Migrant youths: Typical aspects of development during the adolescent years, specific challenges of growing up somewhere else, and some things we need to understand better. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:245-254. [PMID: 33834611 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The research presented in this Issue impressively documents the great variety of conditions of live that impact child and adolescent migrants' development. The studies conducted in various receiving countries include young refugees as well as the first- and second-generation offspring of migrant families who left their homes in different areas of the globe. Despite this diversity, theories and empirical findings on processes of normative development could be successfully applied, yielding insights into more general aspects of development At the same time, drawing on conceptualizations that were introduced to specifically address experiences and challenges linked to the situation of migrant and minority populations, such as ethnic identity or acculturation, the articles notably contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of migrant adolescents' lives. While the discussion of the studies in this Issue highlights what we have learned, it also points out what we do not know yet, and where future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Noack
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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