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Li M, Bosman EDC, Smith OM, Lintern N, de Klerk DJ, Sun H, Cheng S, Pan W, Storm G, Khaled YS, Heger M. Comparative analysis of whole cell-derived vesicular delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 254:112903. [PMID: 38608335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This first-in-its-class proof-of-concept study explored the use of bionanovesicles for the delivery of photosensitizer into cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells and subsequent treatment by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Two types of bionanovesicles were prepared: cellular vesicles (CVs) were fabricated by sonication-mediated nanosizing of cholangiocarcinoma (TFK-1) cells, whereas cell membrane vesicles (CMVs) were produced by TFK-1 cell and organelle membrane isolation and subsequent nanovesicularization by sonication. The bionanovesicles were loaded with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC). The CVs and CMVs were characterized (size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, stability, ZnPC encapsulation efficiency, spectral properties) and assayed for tumor (TFK-1) cell association and uptake (flow cytometry, confocal microscopy), intracellular ZnPC distribution (confocal microscopy), dark toxicity (MTS assay), and PDT efficacy (MTS assay). The mean ± SD diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were 134 ± 1 nm, -16.1 ± 0.9, and 0.220 ± 0.013, respectively, for CVs and 172 ± 3 nm, -16.4 ± 1.1, and 0.167 ± 0.022, respectively, for CMVs. Cold storage for 1 wk and incorporation of ZnPC increased bionanovesicular diameter slightly but size remained within the recommended range for in vivo application (136-220 nm). ZnPC was incorporated into CVs and CMVs at an optimal photosensitizer:lipid molar ratio of 0.006 and 0.01, respectively. Both bionanovesicles were avidly taken up by TFK-1 cells, resulting in homogenous intracellular ZnPC dispersion. Photosensitization of TFK-1 cells did not cause dark toxicity, while illumination at 671 nm (35.3 J/cm2) produced LC50 values of 1.11 μM (CVs) and 0.51 μM (CMVs) at 24 h post-PDT, which is superior to most LC50 values generated in tumor cells photosensitized with liposomal ZnPC. In conclusion, CVs and CMVs constitute a potent photosensitizer platform with no inherent cytotoxicity and high PDT efficacy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Esmeralda D C Bosman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Olivia M Smith
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; The University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Lintern
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; The University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human Health Situation Awareness of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Yazan S Khaled
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; The University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Mytych W, Dynarowicz K, Myśliwiec A, Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer Tissue In Vitro after PDT Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:563. [PMID: 38473036 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly used in modern medicine. It has found application in the treatment of breast cancer. The most common cancer among women is breast cancer. We collected cancer cells from the breast from the material received after surgery. We focused on tumors that were larger than 10 mm in size. Breast cancer tissues for this quantitative non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study could be seen macroscopically. The current study aimed to present findings on quantitative non-contrast MRI of breast cancer cells post-PDT through the evaluation of relaxation times. The aim of this work was to use and optimize a 1.5 T MRI system. MRI tests were performed using a clinical scanner, namely the OPTIMA MR360 manufactured by General Electric HealthCare. The work included analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This analysis was performed using the MATLAB package (produced by MathWorks). The created application is based on medical MRI images saved in the DICOM3.0 standard. T1 and T2 measurements were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test, which showed that both samples belonged to a normal distribution, so a parametric t-test for dependent samples was used to test for between-sample variability. The study included 30 sections tested in 2 stages, with consistent technical parameters. For T1 measurements, 12 scans were performed with varying repetition times (TR) and a constant echo time (TE) of 3 ms. For T2 measurements, 12 scans were performed with a fixed repetition time of 10,000 ms and varying echo times. After treating samples with PpIX disodium salt and bubbling with pure oxygen, PDT irradiation was applied. The cell relaxation time after therapy was significantly shorter than the cell relaxation time before PDT. The cells were exposed to PpIX disodium salt as the administered pharmacological substance. The study showed that the therapy significantly affected tumor cells, which was confirmed by a significant reduction in tumor cell relaxation time on the MRI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Zhong S, Zhang Y, Mou H, Jian C, Huang Q, Ou Y. Targeting PERK-ATF4-P21 axis enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma HOS cells to Mppα-PDT. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2789-2811. [PMID: 38319715 PMCID: PMC10911341 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent type of malignant bone tumor in adolescents. The overall survival of OS patients has reached a plateau recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop approaches to improve the sensitivity of OS to therapies. Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPα-PDT) is a new type of tumor therapy, and elucidating its mechanism is helpful to improve its anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we investigated how PERK signaling promotes the human OS (HOS) cell survival induced by MPPα-PDT, as overcoming this may enhance sensitivity to MPPα-PDT. We found that MPPα-PDT combined with PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 enhanced HOS cell apoptosis by suppressing autophagy and p21. Autophagy inhibition and p21 depletion enhanced cell death, indicating pro-survival effects in MPPα-PDT. Notably, p21 was found to be an effector of the PERK-Atf4 pathway, which could positively regulate autophagy mediated by MPPα-PDT. In conclusion, we found that the combination of MPPα-PDT and GSK2656157 enhanced apoptosis in HOS cells by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, this autophagy is p21-dependent and can be suppressed by GSK2656157, thereby enhancing sensitivity to MPPα-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxi Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hai Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changchun Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
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Jiang Y, He K. Nanobiotechnological approaches in osteosarcoma therapy: Versatile (nano)platforms for theranostic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115939. [PMID: 37088317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructive achievements in the field of nanobiotechnology and their translation into clinical course have led to increasing attention towards evaluation of their use for treatment of diseases, especially cancer. Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the primary bone malignancies that affects both males and females in childhood and adolescence. Like other types of cancers, genetic and epigenetic mutations account for OS progression and several conventional therapies including chemotherapy and surgery are employed. However, survival rate of OS patients remains low and new therapies in this field are limited. The purpose of the current review is to provide a summary of nanostructures used in OS treatment. Drug and gene delivery by nanoplatforms have resulted in an accumulation of therapeutic agents for tumor cell suppression. Furthermore, co-delivery of genes and drugs by nanostructures are utilized in OS suppression to boost immunotherapy. Since tumor cells have distinct features such as acidic pH, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have been developed to appropriately target OS. Besides, nanoplatforms can be used for biosensing and providing phototherapy to suppress OS. Furthermore, surface modification of nanoparticles with ligands can increase their specificity and selectivity towards OS cells. Clinical translation of current findings suggests that nanoplatforms have been effective in retarding tumor growth and improving survival of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Ke He
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen SY, Zhao LP, Chen ZX, Huang CY, Kong RJ, Wang YQ, Zhang DW, Li SY, Ti HH, Cheng H. Self-delivery biomedicine for enhanced photodynamic therapy by feedback promotion of tumor autophagy. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:599-610. [PMID: 36603734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce autophagy to protect tumor cell from PDT-induced apoptosis. In this work, a self-delivery autophagy regulator (designated as CeCe) is developed for autophagy promotion sensitized PDT against tumor. Briefly, CeCe is prepared by the assembly of a photosensitizer of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and autophagy promoter of celastrol. By virtue of intermolecular interactions, Ce6 and celastrol are able to self-assemble into nanomedicine with great photodynamic performance and autophagy regulation capacity. Under light irradiation, CeCe would produce ROS in tumor cells to amplify the oxidative stress and promote cell autophagy. As a result, CeCe exhibits an enhanced photo toxicity by inducing autophagic cell death. In vivo experiments indicate that CeCe can predominantly accumulate in tumor tissue for a robust PDT. Moreover, CeCe has a superior therapeutic efficiency compared to monotherapy and combined treatment of Ce6 and celastrol, suggesting a synergistic antitumor effect of PDT and autophagy promotion. This self-delivery nanomedicine may advance the development of the co-delivery nanoplatform to improve the antitumor efficacy of PDT by promoting autophagy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Autophagy is a "double-edged sword" in cellular homeostasis and metabolism, which can promote tumor progression but also induce an unknown impact on tumor inhibition. In this work, a self-delivery autophagy regulator (designated as CeCe) was developed for autophagy promotion sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT). By virtue of intermolecular interactions, Ce6 and celastrol were found to self-assemble into stable CeCe without drug excipients, which exhibited great photodynamic performance and autophagy regulation capacity. In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrated a superior tumor suppression ability of CeCe over the monotherapy as well as the combined treatment of Ce6 and celastrol, suggesting a synergistic antitumor efficacy by PDT and autophagy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of pancreatic hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lin-Ping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zu-Xiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chu-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ren-Jiang Kong
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of pancreatic hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Hui-Hui Ti
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hong Cheng
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Xu D, Liu Z, Liang MX, Fei YJ, Zhang W, Wu Y, Tang JH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress targeted therapy for breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:174. [PMCID: PMC9639265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance are still big challenges in breast cancer therapy. Internal and external stresses have been proven to substantially facilitate breast cancer progression through molecular and systemic mechanisms. For example, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) results in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are considered an important cellular stress response. More and more reports indicate its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in the process of breast cancer progression. Therefore, therapies targeting the activation of ERS and its downstream signaling pathways are potentially helpful and novel tools to counteract and fight breast cancer. However, recent advances in our understanding of ERS are focused on characterizing and modulating ERS between healthy and disease states, and so little attention has been paid to studying the role and clinical application of targeting ERS in a certain cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and main mechanisms of ERS in different molecular types of breast cancer, and focus on the development of agents targeting ERS to provide new treatment strategies for breast cancer.
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Dias LM, de Keijzer MJ, Ernst D, Sharifi F, de Klerk DJ, Kleijn TG, Desclos E, Kochan JA, de Haan LR, Franchi LP, van Wijk AC, Scutigliani EM, Fens MH, Barendrecht AD, Cavaco JEB, Huang X, Xu Y, Pan W, den Broeder MJ, Bogerd J, Schulz RW, Castricum KC, Thijssen VL, Cheng S, Ding B, Krawczyk PM, Heger M. Metallated phthalocyanines and their hydrophilic derivatives for multi-targeted oncological photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112500. [PMID: 35816857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A photosensitizer (PS) delivery and comprehensive tumor targeting platform was developed that is centered on the photosensitization of key pharmacological targets in solid tumors (cancer cells, tumor vascular endothelium, and cellular and non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment) before photodynamic therapy (PDT). Interstitially targeted liposomes (ITLs) encapsulating zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) and aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPC) were formulated for passive targeting of the tumor microenvironment. In previous work it was established that the PEGylated ITLs were taken up by cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells. The aim of this study was to verify previous results in cancer cells and to determine whether the ITLs can also be used to photosensitize cells in the tumor microenvironment and vasculature. Following positive results, rudimentary in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with ZnPC-ITLs and AlPC-ITLs as well as their water-soluble tetrasulfonated derivatives (ZnPCS4 and AlPCS4) to assemble a research dossier and bring this platform closer to clinical transition. METHODS Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were employed to determine ITL uptake and PS distribution in cholangiocarcinoma (SK-ChA-1) cells, endothelial cells (HUVECs), fibroblasts (NIH-3T3), and macrophages (RAW 264.7). Uptake of ITLs by endothelial cells was verified under flow conditions in a flow chamber. Dark toxicity and PDT efficacy were determined by cell viability assays, while the mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest were assayed by flow cytometry. In vivo systemic toxicity was assessed in zebrafish and chicken embryos, whereas skin phototoxicity was determined in BALB/c nude mice. A PDT efficacy pilot was conducted in BALB/c nude mice bearing human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts. RESULTS The key findings were that (1) photodynamically active PSs (i.e., all except ZnPCS4) were able to effectively photosensitize cancer cells and non-cancerous cells; (2) following PDT, photodynamically active PSs were highly toxic-to-potent as per anti-cancer compound classification; (3) the photodynamically active PSs did not elicit notable systemic toxicity in zebrafish and chicken embryos; (4) ITL-delivered ZnPC and ZnPCS4 were associated with skin phototoxicity, while the aluminum-containing PSs did not exert detectable skin phototoxicity; and (5) ITL-delivered ZnPC and AlPC were equally effective in their tumor-killing capacity in human tumor breast cancer xenografts and superior to other non-phthalocyanine PSs when appraised on a per mole administered dose basis. CONCLUSIONS AlPC(S4) are the safest and most effective PSs to integrate into the comprehensive tumor targeting and PS delivery platform. Pending further in vivo validation, these third-generation PSs may be used for multi-compartmental tumor photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendes Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB 2), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Wijk
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H Fens
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - José E B Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Xuan Huang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Marjo J den Broeder
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bogerd
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rüdiger W Schulz
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kitty C Castricum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Li K, Han X, Chen Q, Shao L, Bai D. A photochemical-responsive nanoparticle boosts doxorubicin uptake to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by apoptosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10354. [PMID: 35725767 PMCID: PMC9209492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of chemotherapy for breast cancer, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most commonly prescribed agents. However, it has been recognized as clinically circumscribed on account of its poor selectivity and toxic reactions to normal tissues. Fortunately, the distinct merit of photochemical-responsive nanoparticle delivery systems to enhance cellular drugs uptake through localized concentration, adequate selective and minimizing systemic toxicity has aroused substantial interest recently. In this study, we synthesized photochemical-responsive nanoparticle by incorporating DOX, curcumin (CUR), and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) via double emulsification (DOX-CUR-PFOB-PLGA). The synthesized composite nanoparticles, which featured good ultrasound imaging, engendered photochemical activation for drug release when given laser irradiation. Cumulative release rates for DOX were 76.34%, and for CUR were 83.64%, respectively. Also, MCF-7 cells displayed significant intracellular DOX uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, degraded cytoskeleton, and decreased cell growth and migration capacity. At the molecular level, cellular pAKT levels decreased, which resulted in downregulated HIF-1α and BAX/BCl-2 levels, leading to Caspase-3 activation and thus induction of apoptosis. Therefore, the photochemical-responsive nanoparticles possess the potential to elicit apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via enhanced DOX uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lan Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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9
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Dai W, White R, Liu J, Liu H. Organelles coordinate milk production and secretion during lactation: Insights into mammary pathologies. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101159. [PMID: 35276245 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes a spectacular series of changes during its development and maintains a remarkable capacity to remodel and regenerate during progression through the lactation cycle. This flexibility of the mammary gland requires coordination of multiple processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, stress response, immune activity, and metabolic changes under the control of diverse cellular and hormonal signaling pathways. The lactating mammary epithelium orchestrates synthesis and apical secretion of macromolecules including milk lipids, milk proteins, and lactose as well as other minor nutrients that constitute milk. Knowledge about the subcellular compartmentalization of these metabolic and signaling events, as they relate to milk production and secretion during lactation, is expanding. Here we review how major organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, lysosome, and exosome) within mammary epithelial cells collaborate to initiate, mediate, and maintain lactation, and how study of these organelles provides insight into options to maintain mammary/breast health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robin White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Aniogo EC, George BP, Abrahamse H. Molecular Effectors of Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413182. [PMID: 34947979 PMCID: PMC8704319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently enjoying considerable attention as the subject of experimental research to treat resistant cancers. The preferential accumulation of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) in different cellular organelles that causes oxidative damage by combining light and molecular oxygen leads to selective cell killing. However, one major setback, common among other treatment approaches, is tumor relapse and the development of resistance causing treatment failure. PDT-mediated resistance could result from increased drug efflux and decreased localization of PS, reduced light exposure, increased DNA damage repair, and altered expression of survival genes. This review highlights the essential insights of PDT reports in which PDT resistance was observed and which identified some of the molecular effectors that facilitate the development of PDT resistance. We also discuss different perceptions of PDT and how its current limitations can be overturned to design improved cancer resistant treatments.
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11
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Czarnecka-Czapczyńska M, Aebisher D, Oleś P, Sosna B, Krupka-Olek M, Dynarowicz K, Latos W, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. The role of photodynamic therapy in breast cancer - A review of in vitro research. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112342. [PMID: 34678730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and the incidence of occurrence is increasing. Currently, there are many methods of detecting and treating breast cancer. Some treatments have a number of side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive method of treatment which uses monochromatic light of low to medium energy to excite previously applied photosensitizers (PS) for ROS production. The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the use of PDT in in vitro studies of various cancer cell lines. A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases using the following keywords: 'photodynamic therapy', 'breast cancer', and 'photosensitizer(s).' Much of the reviewed literature is based on evaluations of the cytotoxic potential of various PSs, particularly against the MCF-7 cell line, and enhancement of PDT potential with nanotechnology. Research on photodynamic effects in vitro may be helpful in the pre-clinical search for optimal methods for in vivo clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czarnecka-Czapczyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Barbara Sosna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krupka-Olek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Latos
- Specialist Hospital No. 2, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
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12
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RhoA enhances osteosarcoma resistance to MPPa-PDT via the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:179. [PMID: 34627383 PMCID: PMC8501741 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary bone malignancy affecting adolescents, yet the emergence of chemoradiotherapeutic resistance has limited efforts to cure affected patients to date. Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) is a recently developed, minimally invasive treatment for OS that is similarly constrained by such therapeutic resistance. This study sought to explore the mechanistic basis for RhoA-activated YAP1 (YAP)-mediated resistance in OS. Methods The relationship between YAP expression levels and patient prognosis was analyzed, and YAP levels in OS cell lines were quantified. Immunofluorescent staining was used to assess YAP nuclear translocation. OS cell lines (HOS and MG63) in which RhoA and YAP were knocked down or overexpressed were generated using lentiviral vectors. CCK-8 assays were used to examine OS cell viability, while the apoptotic death of these cells was monitored via Hoechst staining, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. Tumor-bearing nude mice were additionally used to assess the relationship between lentivirus-mediated alterations in RhoA expression and MPPa-PDT treatment outcomes. TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining approaches were leveraged to assess apoptotic cell death in tissue samples. Results OS patients exhibited higher levels of YAP expression, and these were correlated with a poor prognosis. MPPa-PDT induced apoptosis in OS cells, and such MPPa-PDT-induced apoptosis was enhanced following YAP knockdown whereas it was suppressed by YAP overexpression. RhoA and YAP expression levels were positively correlated in OS patients, and both active and total RhoA protein levels rose in OS cells following MPPa-PDT treatment. When RhoA was knocked down, levels of unphosphorylated YAP and downstream target genes were significantly reduced, while RhoA/ROCK2/LIMK2 pathway phosphorylation was suppressed, whereas RhoA overexpression resulted in the opposite phenotype. MPPa-PDT treatment was linked to an increase in HMGCR protein levels, and the inhibition of RhoA or HMGCR was sufficient to suppress RhoA activity and to decrease the protein levels of YAP and its downstream targets. Mevalonate administration partially reversed these reductions in the expression of YAP and YAP target genes. RhoA knockdown significantly enhanced the apoptotic death of OS cells in vitro and in vivo following MPPa-PDT treatment, whereas RhoA overexpression had the opposite effect. Conclusions These results suggest that the mevalonate pathway activates RhoA, which in turn activates YAP and promotes OS cell resistance to MPPa-PDT therapy. Targeting the RhoA/ROCK2/LIMK2/YAP pathway can significantly improve the efficacy of MPPa-PDT treatment for OS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00690-6.
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Xie J, Wang Y, Choi W, Jangili P, Ge Y, Xu Y, Kang J, Liu L, Zhang B, Xie Z, He J, Xie N, Nie G, Zhang H, Kim JS. Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9152-9201. [PMID: 34223847 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and immune activation ability. It can be a promising treatment modality in several medical fields, including oncology, immunology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, cardiology, pneumology, and dentistry. Nevertheless, the clinical application of PDT is largely restricted by the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers, limited tissue penetrability of light, inefficient induction of tumor cell death, tumor resistance to the therapy, and the severe pain induced by the therapy. Recently, various photosensitizer formulations and therapy strategies have been developed to overcome these barriers. Significantly, the introduction of nanomaterials in PDT, as carriers or photosensitizers, may overcome the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers. Based on this, nanocomposites excited by various light sources are applied in the PDT of deep-seated tumors. Modulation of cell death pathways with co-delivered reagents promotes PDT induced tumor cell death. Relief of tumor resistance to PDT with combined therapy strategies further promotes tumor inhibition. Also, the optimization of photosensitizer formulations and therapy procedures reduces pain in PDT. Here, a systematic summary of recent advances in the fabrication of photosensitizers and the design of therapy strategies to overcome barriers in PDT is presented. Several aspects important for the clinical application of PDT in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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14
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Martins WK, Belotto R, Silva MN, Grasso D, Suriani MD, Lavor TS, Itri R, Baptista MS, Tsubone TM. Autophagy Regulation and Photodynamic Therapy: Insights to Improve Outcomes of Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610472. [PMID: 33552982 PMCID: PMC7855851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered an age-related disease that, over the next 10 years, will become the most prevalent health problem worldwide. Although cancer therapy has remarkably improved in the last few decades, novel treatment concepts are needed to defeat this disease. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) signalize a pathway to treat and manage several types of cancer. Over the past three decades, new light sources and photosensitizers (PS) have been developed to be applied in PDT. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge to explain the main biochemical routes needed to trigger regulated cell death mechanisms, affecting, considerably, the scope of the PDT. Although autophagy modulation is being raised as an interesting strategy to be used in cancer therapy, the main aspects referring to the autophagy role over cell succumbing PDT-photoinduced damage remain elusive. Several reports emphasize cytoprotective autophagy, as an ultimate attempt of cells to cope with the photo-induced stress and to survive. Moreover, other underlying molecular mechanisms that evoke PDT-resistance of tumor cells were considered. We reviewed the paradigm about the PDT-regulated cell death mechanisms that involve autophagic impairment or boosted activation. To comprise the autophagy-targeted PDT-protocols to treat cancer, it was underlined those that alleviate or intensify PDT-resistance of tumor cells. Thereby, this review provides insights into the mechanisms by which PDT can be used to modulate autophagy and emphasizes how this field represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska K Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Belotto
- Perola Byington Hospital Gynecology - Lasertherapy Clinical Research Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maryana N Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maynne D Suriani
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tayná S Lavor
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tayana M Tsubone
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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15
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Gong L, Liu G, Zhu H, Li C, Li P, Liu C, Tang H, Wu K, Wu J, Liu D, Tang X. IL-32 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in A549 cells. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 33097029 PMCID: PMC7585222 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the onset and development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with unclear mechanisms. Our previous studies found that bleomycin and tunicamycin could induce ER stress and consequently trigger EMT accompanying with IL-32 overexpression. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of IL-32 on EMT and ER stress to elucidate the pathogenesis of IPF. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were treated with recombinant human (rh)IL-32, IL-32 siRNA and EMT inducer tunicamycin, or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), respectively. Then the cell morphology was observed and the expression of ER-related markers and EMT-related markers were detected by RT-qPCR or western blotting. Results Stimulation of A549 cells with rhIL-32 led to a morphological change from a pebble-like shape to an elongated shape in a portion of the cells, accompanied by down regulated expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and up regulated expression of the mesenchymal cell markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Zeb-1. However, these rhIL-32 induced changes were inhibited by the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA. Suppression of IL-32 expression with siRNA inhibited TM-induced EMT. Further stimulation of the A549 cells with rhIL-32 demonstrated an increase in the expression of GRP78, although this increase was also inhibited by 4-PBA. Conclusions These results suggest that IL-32 induces EMT in A549 cells by triggering ER stress, and IL-32 may be a novel marker for IPF. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12890-020-01319-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, 601 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Honglan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Pengmei Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Changlu Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongbo Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), No.98 Fenghuang Road, Zunyi, 563002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, 601 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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16
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Xin W, Zhang M, Yu Y, Li S, Ma C, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Zhao X, Pei X, Zhu D. BCAT1 binds the RNA-binding protein ZNF423 to activate autophagy via the IRE1-XBP-1-RIDD axis in hypoxic PASMCs. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:764. [PMID: 32938905 PMCID: PMC7494854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal functional changes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are the main causes of many lung diseases. Among, autophagy plays a crucial role. However, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in PASMCs remains unclear. Here, we first demonstrate that BCAT1 played a key role in the autophagy of hypoxic PASMCs and hypoxic model rats. BCAT1-induced activation and accumulation of the autophagy signaling proteins BECN1 and Atg5 by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Interestingly, we discovered that BCAT1 bound IRE1 on the ER to activate expression of its downstream pathway XBP-1-RIDD axis to activate autophagy. More importantly, we identified an RNA-binding protein, zinc finger protein 423, which promoted autophagy by binding adenylate/uridylate (AU)-rich elements in the BCAT1 mRNA 3′-untranslated region. Overall, our results identify BCAT1 as a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of lung diseases and reveal a novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism and signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced PASMC autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Songlin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, P.R. China
| | - Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Genetic and Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhong Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Daling Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China. .,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China. .,State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.
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17
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He C, Xia J, Gao Y, Chen Z, Wan X. Chlorin A-mediated photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells via impaired autophagy flux. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5080-5094. [PMID: 33042407 PMCID: PMC7540121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for multiple cancers. Chlorin e6 and its derivative 131-[2'-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine] Chlorin e6 (Chlorin A) are effective photosensitizers, although their cytotoxic mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized. METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK8 assay, TUNEL assay, and Annexin V/PI staining. The expression levels of different proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The crosstalk between autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and mitochondrial dysfunction was investigated using reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, and mitochondrial stabilizer elamipretide. Furthermore, the extent of ROS production, lysosomal damage, autophagy flux, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were tracked using established probes. An in vivo xenograft model of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was established in BALB/c-nude mice by inoculation with EGI-1 cells, and Chlorin A was administered topically or intravenously, followed by light irradiation. RESULTS Chlorin A-PDT decreased the viability of CCA cells and induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, Chlorin A-PDT promoted autophagy via activation of ROS-induced ERS-related PERK/p-eif2α/CHOP axis, and blocked the ensuing autophagy flux by lysosomal damage. The PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 and NAC alleviated apoptosis and autophagy induced by Chlorin A-PDT. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction aggravated ERS, and stabilizing the mitochondria reduced both apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, Chlorin A-PDT significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Chlorin A-PDT induced apoptosis in CCA cells by initiating autophagy and impaired the autophagy flux via ROS-mediated ERS and lysosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Bian M, Sun Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Fan R, Liu Z, Liu W. A Gold(I) Complex Containing an Oleanolic Acid Derivative as a Potential Anti‐Ovarian‐Cancer Agent by Inhibiting TrxR and Activating ROS‐Mediated ERS. Chemistry 2020; 26:7092-7108. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mianli Bian
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhongren Xu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Chen Y, Yin H, Tao Y, Zhong S, Yu H, Li J, Bai Z, Ou Y. Antitumor effects and mechanisms of pyropheophorbide‑α methyl ester‑mediated photodynamic therapy on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:971-982. [PMID: 32124948 PMCID: PMC7053850 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for osteosarcoma, and pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester (MPPa) is a second-generation photosensitizer for tumor treatment. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy and possible mechanisms of MPPa-PDT in the treatment of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to detect cell cycle-related indicators Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, Cyclin A and Cyclin B1. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected using wound-healing and Transwell chamber assays. Cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy and apoptosis-related indicators were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. The results demonstrated that MPPa-PDT blocked the MG-63 cell cycle and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Additionally, MPPa-PDT inhibited the activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. MG-63 cells underwent ERS-induced apoptosis following MPPa-PDT treatment. Pretreatment with the mTOR phosphorylation inhibitor rapamycin affected the autophagy of MPPa-PDT-induced osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and enhanced apoptosis through targeting mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shenxi Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhibiao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Kong F, Zou H, Liu X, He J, Zheng Y, Xiong L, Miao X. miR-7112-3p targets PERK to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancer CX-1 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101663. [PMID: 31945549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of solid tumors. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a new photosensitizer with good therapeutic killing effects on cancer cells. Recent findings have shown that microRNAs play important roles in many biological processes. However, the functions of microRNAs in DVDMS-induced PDT remain largely unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of CX-1 cells treated with DVDMS-PDT were examined by Western blotting and cell viability assays. 15 candidate miRNAs targeting RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) were screened and verified using the TargetScan, miRWalk and miRDB databases. The downstream pathways of candidate miRNAs with high scores were studied by cell transfection, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The subcellular location of DVDMS was confirmed by laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS DVDMS-PDT induced apoptosis via elevated ER stress and activation of the PERK/ATF4/CHOP/caspase cascade pathway in CX-1 cells. The endoplasmic reticulum was involved in the subcellular accumulation of DVDMS in CX-1 cells. Dual-luciferase reporting experiment confirmed that a direct crosslinking between miR-7112-3p and PERK. In addition, miR-7112-3p was highly expressed in CRC tissues compared with peripheral tissues. CONCLUSION Our work showed that miR-7112-3p directly targeted PERK and further regulated PERK/ATF4/CHOP/caspase cascade pathway, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in CX-1 cells treated with DVDMS-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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21
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Huang L, Lin H, Chen Q, Yu L, Bai D. MPPa-PDT suppresses breast tumor migration/invasion by inhibiting Akt-NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression via ROS. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1159. [PMID: 31783821 PMCID: PMC6884812 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women, with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor metastasis is implicated in most breast cancer deaths; thus, inhibiting metastasis may provide a therapeutic direction for breast cancer. In the present study, pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) was used to inhibit metastasis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods Uptake of MPPa was detected by fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). ROS generation was detected by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The migration of cells was assessed by wound healing assay, and invasion ability was assessed by Matrigel invasion assay. Levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by PCR. Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) and NF-κB p65 were measured by western blotting. The F-actin cytoskeleton was observed by immunofluorescence. Lung tissue was visualized by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Following MPPa-PDT, migration and invasion were decreased in the MCF-7 cells. MPPa-PDT downregulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, which are responsible for the initiation of metastasis. MPPa-PDT reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB. MPPa-PDT also reduced the expression of F-actin in cytoskeleton in MCF-7 cells. These effects were blocked by the reactive oxygen species scavenger NAC or the Akt activator SC79, while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or the Akt inhibitor triciribine enhanced these effects. Moreover, MPPa-PDT inhibited tumor metastasis and destroyed F-actin in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPPa-PDT inhibits the metastasis of MCF-7 cells both in vitro and in vivo and may be involved in the Akt/NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 signaling pathway. Thus, MPPa-PDT may be a promising treatment to inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Duan X, Chen B, Cui Y, Zhou L, Wu C, Yang Z, Wen Y, Miao X, Li Q, Xiong L, He J. Ready player one? Autophagy shapes resistance to photodynamic therapy in cancers. Apoptosis 2019; 23:587-606. [PMID: 30288638 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure used in cancer therapy that has been shown to be useful for certain indications. Considerable evidence suggests that PDT might be superior to conventional modalities for some indications. In this report, we examine the relationship between PDT responsiveness and autophagy, which can exert a cytoprotective effect. Autophagy is an essential physiological process that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional or impaired cellular components and organelles via a lysosome-based pathway. Autophagy, which includes macroautophagy and microautophagy, can be a factor that decreases or abolishes responses to various therapeutic protocols. We systematically discuss the mechanisms underlying cell-fate decisions elicited by PDT; analyse the principles of PDT-induced autophagy, macroautophagy and microautophagy; and present evidence to support the notion that autophagy is a critical mechanism in resistance to PDT. A combined strategy involving autophagy inhibitors may be able to further enhance PDT efficacy. Finally, we provide suggestions for future studies, note where our understanding of the relevant molecular regulators is deficient, and discuss the correlations among PDT-induced resistance and autophagy, especially microautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Bretin L, Pinon A, Bouramtane S, Ouk C, Richard L, Perrin ML, Chaunavel A, Carrion C, Bregier F, Sol V, Chaleix V, Leger DY, Liagre B. Photodynamic Therapy Activity of New Porphyrin-Xylan-Coated Silica Nanoparticles in Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101474. [PMID: 31575052 PMCID: PMC6826978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using porphyrins has been approved for treatment of several solid tumors due to the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, low physiological solubility and lack of selectivity towards tumor sites are the main limitations of their clinical use. Nanoparticles are able to spontaneously accumulate in solid tumors through an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect due to leaky vasculature, poor lymphatic drainage, and increased vessel permeability. Herein, we proved the added value of nanoparticle vectorization on anticancer efficacy and tumor-targeting by 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (TPPOH). Using 80 nm silica nanoparticles (SNPs) coated with xylan-TPPOH conjugate (TPPOH-X), we first showed very significant phototoxic effects of TPPOH-X SNPs mediated by post-PDT ROS generation and stronger cell uptake in human colorectal cancer cell lines compared to free TPPOH. Additionally, we demonstrated apoptotic cell death induced by TPPOH-X SNPs-PDT and the interest of autophagy inhibition to increase anticancer efficacy. Finally, we highlighted in vivo, without toxicity, elevated anticancer efficacy of TPPOH-X SNPs through improvement of tumor-targeting compared to a free TPPOH protocol. Our work demonstrated for the first time the strong anticancer efficacy of TPPOH in vitro and in vivo and the merit of SNPs vectorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Bretin
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Aline Pinon
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Soukaina Bouramtane
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Ouk
- BISCEm Pôle Cytométrie en flux/Microscopie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Laurence Richard
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges 2, Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Perrin
- Laboratoire Bio EM XLIM UMR CNRS 7252, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Alain Chaunavel
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges 2, Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Claire Carrion
- BISCEm Pôle Cytométrie en flux/Microscopie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Frédérique Bregier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - David Yannick Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
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Donohoe C, Senge MO, Arnaut LG, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Cell death in photodynamic therapy: From oxidative stress to anti-tumor immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188308. [PMID: 31401103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment that relies on the administration of a photosensitizer followed by tumor illumination. The generated oxidative stress may activate multiple mechanisms of cell death which are counteracted by cells through adaptive stress responses that target homeostasis rescue. The present renaissance of PDT was leveraged by the acknowledgment that this therapy has an immediate impact locally, in the illumination volume, but that subsequently it may also elicit immune responses with systemic impact. The investigation of the mechanisms of cell death under the oxidative stress of PDT is of paramount importance to understand how the immune system is activated and, ultimately, to make PDT a more appealing/relevant therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Xie J, Wang S, Li Z, Ao C, Wang J, Wang L, Peng X, Zeng K. 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy reduces HPV viral load via autophagy and apoptosis by modulating Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways in HeLa cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 194:46-55. [PMID: 30925276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to several diseases, the most prominent of which are cervical cancer and genital condyloma acuminatum. Previous studies have suggested an effective role for 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) against various cancers by the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. However, few reports have focused on the effectiveness of ALA-PDT on HPV related disorders. To identify the role of ALA-PDT in the context of HPV infection, we initially investigated 111 patients suffering from genital condyloma acuminatum. HPV viral load detected before and after ALA-PDT treatment was compared during this procedure; a significant difference was noted. HeLa (HPV18) cells were exposed to ALA-PDT in vitro to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Western blot analysis showed that ALA-PDT induces LC3II and p62 expression, along with the up regulation of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. Our study also demonstrated that ALA-PDT treatment inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose dependent manner and effectively reduces HPV viral load via autophagy and apoptosis by regulating the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), although it inhibited autophagy degradation, functioned to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of ALA-PDT to enhance the observed effect. These findings suggest strategies for the improvement of PDT efficacy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xie
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunping Ao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoming Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Pandey VK, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Emerging role of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) mediated proteotoxic apoptosis in diabetes. Life Sci 2018; 216:246-258. [PMID: 30471281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial single membrane organelle that acts as a quality control system for cellular proteins as it is intricately involved in their synthesis, folding and trafficking to the respective targets. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by enhanced blood glucose level that promotes insulin resistance and hampers cellular glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia provokes mitochondrial ROS production and glycation of proteins which exert a tremendous load on ER for conventional refolding of misfolded/unfolded and nascent proteins that perturb ER homeostasis resulting in apoptotic cell death. Impairment in ER functions is suspected to be through specific ER membrane-bound proteins known as Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) sensor proteins. Conformational changes in these proteins induce oligomerization and cross-autophosphorylation which facilitate processes required for the restoration of ER homeostatic imbalance. Multiple studies have reported the involvement of UPR mediated autophagy and apoptotic pathways in the progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypoxia-mediated cell death. In this review, the involvement of UPR pathways in the progression of diabetes associated complications have been addressed, which underscores molecular crosstalks during neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatic injury and retinopathy. A better understanding of these molecular interventions may reveal advanced therapeutic approaches for preventing diabetic comorbidities. The article also highlights the importance of phytochemicals that are emerging as novel ER stress inhibitors and are being explored for targeted interaction in preventing cell death responses during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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27
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Zhang M, Han N, Jiang Y, Wang J, Li G, Lv X, Li G, Qiao Q. EGFR confers radioresistance in human oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling PERK-eIF2α-GRP94 and IRE1α-XBP1-GRP78. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6234-6246. [PMID: 30414263 PMCID: PMC6308109 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with radioresistance in malignant tumors. Specifically, radiation can destroy endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis to induce ER stress (ERS). However, the effect of EGFR‐mediated regulation of ERS signaling pathway on radiosensitivity has not yet been reported. The present study showed that silencing EGFR increased radiosensitivity of both radiosensitive and radioresistant oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by inhibiting ER stress signaling (PERK‐eIF2α‐GRP94 and IRE1α‐XBP1‐GRP78). This effect was abolished by pretreatment with EGF, however. In addition, knockdown of EGFR in OSCC cells inhibited DNA double‐stand break repair and autophagy while increased radiation‐induced apoptosis. Conversely, activating ERS inhibited the aforementioned functions. Furthermore, EGF increased ER stress‐independent ERK and AKT signaling upon irradiation of OSCC cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 80 tissue samples from OSCC patients showed that co‐expression of EGFR and PERK was associated with poor prognosis. It thus appears EGFR confers radioresistance in OSCC by activating ER stress signaling. These results suggested that the cooperative effects of radiotherapy and EGFR‐targeted inhibitor therapy can be further improved by inhibiting PERK‐eIF2α‐GRP94 and IRE1α‐GRP78 in non‐response oropharyngeal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaiyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xintong Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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