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Dao B, Trinh VN, Nguyen HV, Nguyen HL, Le TD, Luu PL. Crosstalk between genomic variants and DNA methylation in FLT3 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Brief Funct Genomics 2024:elae028. [PMID: 38944027 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer with diverse genetic variations and DNA methylation alterations. By studying the interaction of gene mutations, expression, and DNA methylation, we aimed to gain valuable insights into the processes that lead to block differentiation in AML. We analyzed TCGA-LAML data (173 samples) with RNA sequencing and DNA methylation arrays, comparing FLT3 mutant (48) and wild-type (125) cases. We conducted differential gene expression analysis using cBioPortal, identified DNA methylation differences with ChAMP tool, and correlated them with gene expression changes. Gene set enrichment analysis (g:Profiler) revealed significant biological processes and pathways. ShinyGo and GeneCards were used to find potential transcription factors and their binding sites among significant genes. We found significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) negatively correlated with their most significant methylation probes (Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.49, P-value <0.001) between FLT3 mutant and wild-type groups. Moreover, our exploration of 450 k CpG sites uncovered a global hypo-methylated status in 168 DEGs. Notably, these methylation changes were enriched in the promoter regions of Homebox superfamily gene, which are crucial in transcriptional-regulating pathways in blood cancer. Furthermore, in FLT3 mutant AML patient samples, we observed overexpress of WT1, a transcription factor known to bind homeobox gene family. This finding suggests a potential mechanism by which WT1 recruits TET2 to demethylate specific genomic regions. Integrating gene expression and DNA methylation analyses shed light on the impact of FLT3 mutations on cancer cell development and differentiation, supporting a two-hit model in AML. This research advances understanding of AML and fosters targeted therapeutic strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac Dao
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Van Ngu Trinh
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huy V Nguyen
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hoa L Nguyen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School
| | - Thuc Duy Le
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phuc Loi Luu
- Data Science Division, Tam Anh Research Institute (TamRI), 2B Pho Quang Street, Ward 2, Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), 217 Hong Bang street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Xu C, Hou P, Li X, Xiao M, Zhang Z, Li Z, Xu J, Liu G, Tan Y, Fang C. Comprehensive understanding of glioblastoma molecular phenotypes: classification, characteristics, and transition. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0510. [PMID: 38712813 PMCID: PMC11131044 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Among central nervous system-associated malignancies, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and has the highest mortality rate. The high heterogeneity of GBM cell types and the complex tumor microenvironment frequently lead to tumor recurrence and sudden relapse in patients treated with temozolomide. In precision medicine, research on GBM treatment is increasingly focusing on molecular subtyping to precisely characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity, as well as the refractory nature of GBM toward therapy. Deep understanding of the different molecular expression patterns of GBM subtypes is critical. Researchers have recently proposed tetra fractional or tripartite methods for detecting GBM molecular subtypes. The various molecular subtypes of GBM show significant differences in gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. These subtypes also exhibit high plasticity in their regulatory pathways, oncogene expression, tumor microenvironment alterations, and differential responses to standard therapy. Herein, we summarize the current molecular typing scheme of GBM and the major molecular/genetic characteristics of each subtype. Furthermore, we review the mesenchymal transition mechanisms of GBM under various regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Pengyu Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ziru Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Jianglong Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
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3
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Cela I, Caponio VCA, Capone E, Pinti M, Mascitti M, Togni L, Lo Muzio L, Rubini C, De Laurenzi V, Lattanzio R, Perrotti V, Sala G. LGALS3BP is a potential target of antibody-drug conjugates in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2039-2050. [PMID: 37649401 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of intracellular and vesicular LGALS3BP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and available cell lines to explore its potential as a target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. METHODS Free and vesicular LGALS3BP expression levels were evaluated in cancer tissues from a cohort of OSCC patients as well as in a panel of OSCC cell lines through immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, Western Blot analysis, and ELISA. RESULTS LGALS3BP resulted in being highly expressed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in OSCC patient tissues. A strong correlation was found between high LGALS3BP expression levels and aggressive histological features of OSCC. Biochemistry analysis performed on OSCC cell lines showed that LGALS3BP is expressed in all the tested cell lines and highly enriched in cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Moreover, LGALS3BP high-expressing HOC621 and CAL27 OSCC cell lines showed high sensitivity to the ADC-payload DM4, with an IC50 around 0.3 nM. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights that LGALS3BP is highly expressed in OSCC suggesting a role as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ADC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Pinti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Hudson AL, Cho A, Colvin EK, Hayes SA, Wheeler HR, Howell VM. CA9, CYFIP2 and LGALS3BP-A Novel Biomarker Panel to Aid Prognostication in Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1069. [PMID: 38473425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is a devastating and life-changing disease. Biomarkers are becoming increasingly important in addressing clinical issues, including in monitoring tumour progression and assessing survival and treatment response. The goal of this study was to identify prognostic biomarkers associated with glioma progression. Discovery proteomic analysis was performed on a small cohort of astrocytomas that were diagnosed as low-grade and recurred at a higher grade. Six proteins were chosen to be validated further in a larger cohort. Three proteins, CA9, CYFIP2, and LGALS3BP, were found to be associated with glioma progression and, in univariate analysis, could be used as prognostic markers. However, according to the results of multivariate analysis, these did not remain significant. These three proteins were then combined into a three-protein panel. This panel had a specificity and sensitivity of 0.7459 for distinguishing between long and short survival. In silico data confirmed the prognostic significance of this panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Angela Cho
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah A Hayes
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Helen R Wheeler
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Viive M Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Torres‐Martínez S, Calabuig‐Fariñas S, Moreno‐Manuel A, Bertolini G, Herreros‐Pomares A, Escorihuela E, Duréndez‐Saéz E, Guijarro R, Blasco A, Roz L, Camps C, Jantus‐Lewintre E. Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:190-215. [PMID: 37567864 PMCID: PMC10766205 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of therapies in lung cancer, more studies of new biomarkers for patient selection are urgently needed. The present study aims to analyze the role of galectin-3 (GAL-3) in the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) using tumorspheres as a model and explore its potential role as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients. For in vitro studies, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) primary cultures from early-stage patients and commercial cell lines were cultured, using tumorsphere-forming assays and adherent conditions for the control counterparts. We analyzed the pattern of secretion and expression of GAL-3 using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RTqPCR), immunoblot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunoassay analysis. Our results using three-dimensional (3D) models of lung tumor cells revealed that soluble GAL-3 (sGAL-3) is highly expressed and secreted. To more accurately mimic the TME, a co-culture of tumorspheres and fibroblasts was used, revealing that GAL-3 could be important as an immunomodulatory molecule expressed and secreted in the TME, modulating immunosuppression through regulatory T cells (TREGS ). In the translational phase, we confirmed that patients with high expression levels of GAL-3 had more TREGS , which suggests that tumors may be recruiting this population through GAL-3. Next, we evaluated levels of sGAL-3 before surgery in LUAD and LUSC patients, hypothesizing that sGAL-3 could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival and relapse-free survival in early-stage LUAD patients. Additionally, levels of sGAL-3 at pretreatment and first response assessment from plasma to predict clinical outcomes in advanced LUAD and LUSC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab were evaluated, further supporting that sGAL-3 has a high efficiency in predicting durable clinical response to pembrolizumab with an area under curve of 0.801 (P = 0.011). Moreover, high levels might predict decreased progression-free survival and OS to anti-PD-1 therapy, with sGAL-3 being a prognosis-independent biomarker for advanced LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Torres‐Martínez
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
| | - Silvia Calabuig‐Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of PathologyUniversitat de ValènciaSpain
| | - Andrea Moreno‐Manuel
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Giulia Bertolini
- Tumor Genomics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Alejandro Herreros‐Pomares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaSpain
| | - Eva Escorihuela
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Elena Duréndez‐Saéz
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of SurgeryUniversitat de ValènciaSpain
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Ana Blasco
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Luca Roz
- Tumor Genomics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversitat de ValènciaSpain
| | - Eloisa Jantus‐Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaSpain
- Joint Unit: NanomedicineCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Universitat Politècnica de ValenciaSpain
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Yakubovich E, Cook DP, Rodriguez GM, Vanderhyden BC. Mesenchymal ovarian cancer cells promote CD8 + T cell exhaustion through the LGALS3-LAG3 axis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:61. [PMID: 38086828 PMCID: PMC10716312 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often metastasize by undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although abundance of CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenvironment correlates with improved survival, mesenchymal cancer cells acquire greater resistance to antitumor immunity in some cancers. We hypothesized the EMT modulates the immune response to ovarian cancer. Here we show that cancer cells from infiltrated/inflamed tumors possess more mesenchymal cells, than excluded and desert tumors. We also noted high expression of LGALS3 is associated with EMT in vivo, a finding validated with in vitro EMT models. Dissecting the cellular communications among populations in the tumor revealed that mesenchymal cancer cells in infiltrated tumors communicate through LGALS3 to LAG3 receptor expressed by CD8+ T cells. We found CD8+ T cells express high levels of LAG3, a marker of T cell exhaustion. The results indicate that EMT in ovarian cancer cells promotes interactions between cancer cells and T cells through the LGALS3 - LAG3 axis, which could increase T cell exhaustion in infiltrated tumors, dampening antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yakubovich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - David P Cook
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Ali H, Naseem A, Siddiqui ZI. SARS-CoV-2 Syncytium under the Radar: Molecular Insights of the Spike-Induced Syncytia and Potential Strategies to Limit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6079. [PMID: 37763019 PMCID: PMC10531702 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces non-physiological syncytia when its spike fusogenic protein on the surface of the host cells interacts with the ACE2 receptor on adjacent cells. Spike-induced syncytia are beneficial for virus replication, transmission, and immune evasion, and contribute to the progression of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the properties of viral fusion proteins, mainly the SARS-CoV-2 spike, and the involvement of the host factors in the fusion process. We also highlight the possible use of anti-fusogenic factors as an antiviral for the development of therapeutics against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and how the fusogenic property of the spike could be exploited for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Zaheenul Islam Siddiqui
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York, NY 11501, USA
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8
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Cellular Transcriptomics of Carboplatin Resistance in a Metastatic Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030558. [PMID: 36980828 PMCID: PMC10048144 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma prognosis has remained unchanged for the past three decades. In both humans and canines, treatment is limited to excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. Chemoresistance is the primary cause of treatment failure, and the trajectory of tumor evolution while under selective pressure from treatment is thought to be the major contributing factor in both species. We sought to understand the nature of platinum-based chemotherapy resistance by investigating cells that were subjected to repeated treatment and recovery cycles with increased carboplatin concentrations. Three HMPOS-derived cell lines, two resistant and one naïve, underwent single-cell RNA sequencing to examine transcriptomic perturbation and identify pathways leading to resistance and phenotypic changes. We identified the mechanisms of acquired chemoresistance and inferred the induced cellular trajectory that evolved with repeated exposure. The gene expression patterns indicated that acquired chemoresistance was strongly associated with a process similar to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenomenon associated with the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties associated with metastatic disease. We conclude that the observed trajectory of tumor adaptability is directly correlated with chemoresistance and the phase of the EMT-like phenotype is directly affected by the level of chemoresistance. We infer that the EMT-like phenotype is a critical component of tumor evolution under treatment pressure and is vital to understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance and to improving osteosarcoma prognosis.
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9
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Pan L, Peng C, Wang L, Li L, Huang S, Fei C, Wang N, Chu F, Peng D, Duan X. Network pharmacology and experimental validation-based approach to understand the effect and mechanism of Taohong Siwu Decoction against ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115339. [PMID: 35525530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine that is mainly used for promoting blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis. THSWD is composed of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Carthamus tinctorius L., Ligusticum chuanxiong hort, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC, and Paeoniae Radix Alba. This prescription eliminates blood stasis, supplements blood, and dredges the body as an auxiliary treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanistic effects of THSWD in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS we downloaded 39 blood components for THSWD from the PharmMapper database for target prediction studies and identified the targets of cerebral ischemia. We identified the intersection between the components and targets, constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, carried out GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. a rat model of cerebral ischemia was established in rats, and the results of network pharmacology were verified by in vivo experiments. RESULTS Established a component-target-pathway network, further transcriptomics analysis identified a total of 11 target genes (Plau, Fabp4, Mmp9, Mmp12, Cfd, Lcn2, Trem1, Lgals3, Hmox1, Selp and Slc6a4), a total of seven pathways (focal adhesion, complement and coagulation cascades, Staphylococcus aureus infection, malaria, transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), because both targets genes and the complement and coagulation cascade signaling pathways mediate inflammatory responses, the signaling pathways associated with the complement and coagulation cascades were selected for experimental verification. We detected inflammatory factors and several key proteins in the complement and coagulation cascade signaling pathway (C1qb, C1qc, C3ar1, C5ar1, and Cfd). Analysis showed that THSWD can reduce the release of inflammatory factors and inhibit activation of the complement signaling pathways, thereby protecting against ischemic stroke disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary clarification of the predominant mechanism of action of THSWD when used to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Can Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changyi Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Furui Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xianchun Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Gal-3BP in Viral Infections: An Emerging Role in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137314. [PMID: 35806317 PMCID: PMC9266551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions known to be upregulated in cancer and various viral infections, including HIV-1, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2, with a key role in regulating the antiviral immune response. Studies have identified a direct correlation between circulating levels of Gal-3BP and the severity of disease and/or disease progression for some viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a role of Gal-3BP in these processes. Due to Gal-3BP’s complex biology, the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in viral diseases have been only partially clarified. Gal-3BP induces the expression of interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), mainly interacting with galectin-3, targeting the TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAF-6 and TRAF-3) complex, thus having a putative role in the modulation of TGF-β signaling. In addition, an antiviral activity of Gal-3BP has been ascribed to a direct interaction of the protein with virus components. In this review, we explored the role of Gal-3BP in viral infections and the relationship between Gal-3BP upregulation and disease severity and progression, mainly focusing on SARS-CoV-2. Augmented knowledge of Gal-3BP’s role in virus infections can be useful to evaluate its possible use as a prognostic biomarker and as a putative target to block or attenuate severe disease.
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Glycan-Lectin Interactions as Novel Immunosuppression Drivers in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116312. [PMID: 35682991 PMCID: PMC9181495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite diagnostic and therapeutic improvements, glioblastoma (GB) remains one of the most threatening brain tumor in adults, underlining the urgent need of new therapeutic targets. Lectins are glycan-binding proteins that regulate several biological processes through the recognition of specific sugar motifs. Lectins and their ligands are found on immune cells, endothelial cells and, also, tumor cells, pointing out a strong correlation among immunity, tumor microenvironment and vascularization. In GB, altered glycans and lectins contribute to tumor progression and immune evasion, shaping the tumor-immune landscape promoting immunosuppressive cell subsets, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-macrophages, and affecting immunoeffector populations, such as CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we discuss the latest knowledge on the immune cells, immune related lectin receptors (C-type lectins, Siglecs, galectins) and changes in glycosylation that are involved in immunosuppressive mechanisms in GB, highlighting their interest as possible novel therapeutical targets.
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Ajarrag S, St-Pierre Y. Galectins in Glioma: Current Roles in Cancer Progression and Future Directions for Improving Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215533. [PMID: 34771696 PMCID: PMC8582867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastomas are among the most common and aggressive brain tumors. The high rate of recurrence and mortality associated with this cancer underscores the need for the development of new therapeutical targets. Galectins are among the new targets that have attracted the attention of many scientists working in the field of cancer. They form a group of small proteins found in many tissues where they accomplish various physiological roles, including regulation of immune response and resistance to cell death. In many types of cancer, however, production of abnormally high levels of galectins by cancer cells can be detrimental to patients. Elevated levels of galectins can, for example, suppress the ability of the host’s immune system to kill cancer cells. They can also provide cancer cells with resistance to drugs-induced cell death. Here, we review the recent progress that has contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of actions of galectins in glioblastoma. We also discuss recent development of anti-galectin drugs and the challenges associated with their use in clinical settings, with particular attention to their role in reducing the efficacy of immunotherapy, a promising treatment that exploits the capacity of the immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. Abstract Traditional wisdom suggests that galectins play pivotal roles at different steps in cancer progression. Galectins are particularly well known for their ability to increase the invasiveness of cancer cells and their resistance to drug-induced cell death. They also contribute to the development of local and systemic immunosuppression, allowing cancer cells to escape the host’s immunological defense. This is particularly true in glioma, the most common primary intracranial tumor. Abnormally high production of extracellular galectins in glioma contributes to the establishment of a strong immunosuppressive environment that favors immune escape and tumor progression. Considering the recent development and success of immunotherapy in halting cancer progression, it is logical to foresee that galectin-specific drugs may help to improve the success rate of immunotherapy for glioma. This provides a new perspective to target galectins, whose intracellular roles in cancer progression have already been investigated thoroughly. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of galectins at different steps of glioma progression and the potential of galectin-specific drugs for the treatment of glioma.
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Capone E, Iacobelli S, Sala G. Role of galectin 3 binding protein in cancer progression: a potential novel therapeutic target. J Transl Med 2021; 19:405. [PMID: 34565385 PMCID: PMC8474792 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) is a secreted, hyperglycosylated protein expressed by the majority of human cells. It was first identified as cancer and metastasis associated protein, while its role in innate immune response upon viral infection remains still to be clarified. Since its discovery dated in early 90 s, a large body of literature has been accumulating highlighting both a prognostic and functional role for LGALS3BP in cancer. Moreover, data from our group and other have strongly suggested that this protein is enriched in cancer-associated extracellular vesicles and may be considered a promising candidate for a targeted therapy in LGALS3BP positive cancers. Here, we extensively reviewed the literature relative to LGALS3BP role in cancer and its potential value as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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He X, Zhang S, Chen J, Li D. Increased LGALS3 expression independently predicts shorter overall survival in patients with the proneural subtype of glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2031-2040. [PMID: 30848102 PMCID: PMC6536958 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we tried to study the expression of LGALS3 and LGALS3BP, their potential as prognostic markers and the possible genetic/epigenetic mechanisms underlying their dysregulation in different subtypes of glioblastoma (GBM). An in silico retrospective study was performed using large online databases. Results showed that LGALS3 and LGALS3BP were upregulated at both RNA and protein levels in GBM tissue and were generally associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. However, in subgroup analysis, we only found the association in proneural subtype. The copy number alterations did not necessarily lead to LGALS3/LGALS3BP dysregulation. In the proneural subtype of GBM patients, hypermethylation of the two CpG sites (cg19099850 and cg17403875) was associated with significantly lower expression of LGALS3. In univariate and multivariate analysis, LGALS3 expression independently predicted shorter OS in the proneural subtype of GBM (HR: 1.487, 95% CI: 1.229‐1.798, P < 0.001), after adjustment of age, gender, IDH1 mutations, temozolomide chemotherapy, radiotherapy and LGALS3BP expression. In comparison, LGALS3BP lost the prognostic value in multivariate analysis. Based on these findings, we infer that LGALS3 expression serves as an independent biomarker of shorter OS in the proneural subtype of GBM, the expression of which might be regulated in an epigenetic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia He
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center/Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Sunfu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Junchen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center/Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
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