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Yin Z, You B, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Liao S, Sun Y, Wu Y. Natural Compounds Derived from Plants on Prevention and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300025. [PMID: 37607316 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for roughly 85% of all malignant kidney cancer. Therapeutic options for RCC have expanded rapidly over the past decade. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have ushered in a new era of the treatment of RCC, which has facilitated the outcomes of RCC. However, the related adverse effects and drug resistance remain an urgent issue. Natural compounds are optional strategies to reduce mobility. Natural compounds are favored by clinicians and researchers due to their good tolerance and low economic burden. Many studies have explored the anti-RCC activity of natural products and revealed relevant mechanisms. In this article, the chemoprevention and therapeutic potential of natural compounds is reviewed and the mechanisms regarding natural compounds are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Bingyong You
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Medical and Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Shangfan Liao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Medical and Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yongyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
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Abdel-Gawad DRI, Ibrahim MA, El-Banna HA, Hassan WH, Abo El-Ela FI. Evaluating the therapeutic potential of amygdalin: Cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102443. [PMID: 38908223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia is an incurable disease; it exhibits strong resistance to chemotherapy and other therapies, and it represents the most common childhood cancer and mortality. The cytotoxic of amygdalin (AMG) against the cell line of human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) was recorded, before determining other pharmacological effects. The cells were exposed to AMG for 24 hr at 37°C at different concentrations, the cytotoxic effect was determined via the MTT assay. The cells and the supernatant were collected for analyzing the oxidant/antioxidant status, apoptotic markers, and anti-microbial activity. Results showed a marked anti-proliferative cytotoxic effect of AMG which is concentration and time-dependent, the lipid peroxidation content was significantly decreased while the total thiol was increased in the treated cell line, significant up-regulation of Caspase-3 (Cas-3) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Furthermore, The bacterial activity was detected via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Disc Diffusion assays, while the antifungal evaluation was done by the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Antimicrobial experiments revealed that AMG exerted potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects toward a diversity of dangerously infecting pathogens. In conclusion; the prevailing research suggests that AMG is an effective anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial substance. The utilization of AMG subsequently in masks or wound dressings to prevent bacterial & fungal infections, including mucormycosis following COVID-19, as well as infections caused by penicillium and aspergillus, is a highly effective strategy in combating resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa R I Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Hossny A El-Banna
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Walid H Hassan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt
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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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Xu D, Xie Y, Cheng J, He D, Liu J, Fu S, Hu G. Amygdalin Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Restricting Cell Death and Inflammatory Response, Maintaining the Intestinal Barrier, and Modulating Intestinal Flora. Cells 2024; 13:444. [PMID: 38474407 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a cluster of intractable gastrointestinal disorders with an undetermined etiology and a lack of effective therapeutic agents. Amygdalin (Amy) is a glycoside extracted from the seeds of apricot and other Rosaceae plants and it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. Here, the effects and mechanisms of Amy on colitis were examined via 16S rRNA sequencing, ELISA, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The results showed that Amy administration remarkably attenuated the signs of colitis (reduced body weight, increased disease activity index, and shortened colon length) and histopathological damage in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-challenged mice. Further studies revealed that Amy administration significantly diminished DSS-triggered gut barrier dysfunction by lowering pro-inflammatory mediator levels, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing intestinal epithelial apoptosis and ferroptosis. Notably, Amy administration remarkably lowered DSS-triggered TLR4 expression and the phosphorylation of proteins related to the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, Amy administration modulated the balance of intestinal flora, including a selective rise in the abundance of S24-7 and a decline in the abundance of Allobaculum, Oscillospira, Bacteroides, Sutterella, and Shigella. In conclusion, Amy can alleviate colitis, which provides data to support the utility of Amy in combating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yachun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dewei He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Wang YL, Lang DQ, Wu C, Chen QC, Lin SX, Li XY, Liu Q, Jiang CP, Shen CY. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antiulcerative Colitis Activities of Essential Oil from Pruni Semen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1096-1113. [PMID: 38169317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was sought to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial and antiulcerative colitis (UC) effects of essential oil from Pruni Semen (PSEO). A GC-MS assay showed that the major compounds in PSEO were products of amygdalin hydrolysis, which possessed great antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrated that PSEO treatment inhibited activity of four kinds of intestinal pathogens probably by disrupting the cell wall. Further in vivo studies showed that PSEO administration significantly improved physiological indexes, attenuated histopathological characteristics, and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice. Network pharmacology and molecular docking results predicted that PSEO might prevent UC via regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were further conducted for verification, and the results evidenced that PSEO intervention significantly regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway and the expression of its downstream proteins in DSS-induced mice. PSEO might provide a new dietary strategy for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Deng-Qin Lang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qi-Cong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Song-Xia Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Cui-Ping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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Li C, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Hao B, Hong Y, Yue L, Zheng T, Li M, Fan L. Multi-omics analysis revealed the mitochondrial-targeted drug combination to suppress the development of lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17159-17174. [PMID: 37783930 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are continuously rising in recent years. Mitochondrial energy metabolism malfunction is found to be crucial in cancer proliferation and bioenergetic reprogramming, especially for lung cancer. In this study, we attempted to use mitochondrial-targeted drug therapy to change the energy metabolism pattern of cancer cells to inhibit the development of lung cancer, and investigated its mechanism of action and key targets through multi-omics studies. METHODS In this study, we established the in vivo tumor mouse mode, treated mice with multiple mitochondrial-targeted drug combinations and DDP, severally. Then, we investigated the differences between the 7-drug group with the control group and the DDP treatment group by transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to find the therapeutic targets. RESULTS We found that mitochondria-targeting drug cocktail therapy, especially the 7-drug regimen, effectively improved mitochondrial metabolism, changed energy supply patterns in lung cancer cells, significantly increased NK cells in tumor tissues, and decreased tumor markers in plasma. Multi-omics analysis informed that the combination of 7-drug could up-regulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis and autophagy related genes, and down-regulate proliferation and immune-related genes compared with the control group. By further mapping the protein interaction network, we identified a key target for 7-drug therapy to reverse tumor metabolic reprogramming and validated it in metabolomics. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial-targeted drug cocktail therapy can effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors, through the reprogramming of energy metabolism and the increase in immune cells in tumor tissues. Thus, we provide a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer and present evidence-based clues for the combined use of targeted mitochondrial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bingjie Hao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yifan Hong
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liduo Yue
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Iwasa K, Yagishita S, Yagishita-Kyo N, Yamagishi A, Yamamoto S, Yamashina K, Haruta C, Asai M, Maruyama K, Shimizu K, Yoshikawa K. Long term administration of loquat leaves and their major component, ursolic acid, attenuated endogenous amyloid-β burden and memory impairment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16770. [PMID: 37798424 PMCID: PMC10556093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves contain many bioactive components such as ursolic acid (UA) and amygdalin. We investigated the effects of loquat leaf powder and methanol extract in human neuroglioma H4 cells stably expressing the Swedish-type APP695 (APPNL-H4 cells) and C57BL/6 J mice. Surprisingly, the extract greatly enhanced cellular amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) 42 productions in APPNL-H4 cells. Administration of leaf powder increased Aβ42 levels after 3 months and decreased levels after 12 months compared to control mice. Leaf powder had no effect on working memory after 3 months, but improved working memory after 12 months. Administration of UA decreased Aβ42 and P-tau levels and improved working memory after 12 months, similar to the administration of leave powder for 12 months. Amygdalin enhanced cellular Aβ42 production in APPNL-H4 cells, which was the same as the extract. Three-month administration of amygdalin increased Aβ42 levels slightly but did not significantly increase them, which is similar to the trend observed with the administration of leaf powder for 3 months. UA was likely the main compound contained in loquat leaves responsible for the decrease in intracerebral Aβ42 and P-tau levels. Also, amygdalin might be one of the compounds responsible for the transiently increased intracerebral Aβ42 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Iwasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Sosuke Yagishita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Nan Yagishita-Kyo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Anzu Yamagishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kota Yamashina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Chikara Haruta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Masashi Asai
- Laboratory of Kampo Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Kei Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Division of Sustainable Bioresources Science, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama-Machi, Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
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Halma MTJ, Tuszynski JA, Marik PE. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4245. [PMID: 37836529 PMCID: PMC10574675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is amenable to low-cost treatments, given that it has a significant metabolic component, which can be affected through diet and lifestyle change at minimal cost. The Warburg hypothesis states that cancer cells have an altered cell metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis. Given this metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, it is possible to target cancers metabolically by depriving them of glucose. In addition to dietary and lifestyle modifications which work on tumors metabolically, there are a panoply of nutritional supplements and repurposed drugs associated with cancer prevention and better treatment outcomes. These interventions and their evidentiary basis are covered in the latter half of this review to guide future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Halma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EbMC Squared CIC, Bath BA2 4BL, UK
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-1029 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul E. Marik
- Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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El-Sewedy T, Salama AF, Mohamed AE, Elbaioumy NM, El-Far AH, Albalawi AN, Elmetwalli A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells: activity of Amygdalin and Sorafenib in Targeting AMPK /mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:329. [PMID: 37726740 PMCID: PMC10508032 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib (Sor) is the only approved multikinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of HCC. Previous studies have shown that amygdalin (Amy) possesses anticancer activities against several cancer cell lines; we suggested that these compounds might disrupt AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2. Therefore, the current study used integrated in vitro and in silico approaches to figure out Amy and Sor's possible synergistic activity in targeting AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Notably, Amy demonstrated exceptional cytotoxic selectivity against HepG2 cells in comparison to normal WI-38 cells (IC50 = 5.21 mg/ml; 141.25 mg/ml), respectively. In contrast, WI-38 cells were far more sensitive to the toxicity of Sor. A substantial synergistic interaction between Amy and Sor was observed (CI50 = 0.56), which was connected to cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M stages and increased apoptosis and potential necroptosis. Amy and Sor cotreatment resulted in the highest glutathione levels and induction of pro-autophagic genes AMPK, HGMB1, ATG5, Beclin 1, and LC3, suppressed the mTOR and BCL2 anti-apoptotic gene. Finally, the docking studies proposed that Amy binds to the active site of the AMPK enzyme, thus inhibiting its activity. This inhibition of AMPK ultimately leads to inhibition of mTOR and thus induces apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Although more in vivo research using animal models is needed to confirm the findings, our findings contribute to the evidence supporting Amy's potential anticancer effectiveness as an alternative therapeutic option for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Sewedy
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Afrah Fatthi Salama
- Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Amro E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Elbaioumy
- Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Aisha Nawaf Albalawi
- Biology Department, University College of Haqel, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Elmetwalli
- Department of Clinical Trial Research Unit and Drug Discovery, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt.
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Spanoudaki M, Stoumpou S, Papadopoulou SK, Karafyllaki D, Solovos E, Papadopoulos K, Giannakoula A, Giaginis C. Amygdalin as a Promising Anticancer Agent: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives for the Development of New Nanoformulations for Its Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14270. [PMID: 37762572 PMCID: PMC10531689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer rates are increasing, and cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 (and laetrile, a synthetic compound), is a cyanogenic glycoside compound that is mainly found in the kernels and pulps of fruits. This compound has been proposed for decades as a promising naturally occurring substance which may provide anticancer effects. This is a comprehensive review which critically summarizes and scrutinizes the available studies exploring the anticancer effect of amygdalin, highlighting its potential anticancer molecular mechanisms as well as the need for a nontoxic formulation of this substance. In-depth research was performed using the most accurate scientific databases, e.g., PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, applying effective, characteristic, and relevant keywords. There are several pieces of evidence to support the idea that amygdalin can exert anticancer effects against lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, cervical, and gastrointestinal cancers. Amygdalin has been reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibiting cancer cells' proliferation and slowing down tumor metastatic spread. However, only a few studies have been performed in in vivo animal models, while clinical studies remain even more scarce. The current evidence cannot support a recommendation of the use of nutritional supplements with amygdalin due to its cyano-moiety which exerts adverse side effects. Preliminary data have shown that the use of nanoparticles may be a promising alternative to enhance the anticancer effects of amygdalin while simultaneously reducing its adverse side effects. Amygdalin seems to be a promising naturally occurring agent against cancer disease development and progression. However, there is a strong demand for in vivo animal studies as well as human clinical studies to explore the potential prevention and/or treatment efficiency of amygdalin against cancer. Moreover, amygdalin could be used as a lead compound by effectively applying recent developments in drug discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54700 Sindos, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.P.); (A.G.)
- Clinical Dietetics and Nutritional Department, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Stoumpou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54700 Sindos, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54700 Sindos, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Dimitra Karafyllaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Solovos
- Orthopedic Department, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (K.P.)
| | | | - Anastasia Giannakoula
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54700 Sindos, Greece; (M.S.); (S.S.); (S.K.P.); (A.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Postharvest Physiology of Fruits, Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, 54700 Sindos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
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11
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Meng Z, Yuan B, Yang S, Fu X, Zhang B, Xu K, Bao P, Huang Y. Identification of potential biomarkers and candidate therapeutic drugs for clear cell renal cell carcinoma by bioinformatic analysis and reverse network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34929. [PMID: 37657024 PMCID: PMC10476848 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the potential biomarkers using bioinformatics technology, explore the pathogenesis, and investigate potential Chinese herbal ingredients for the Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which could provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of ccRCC. The gene expression datasets GSE6344 and GSE53757 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in ccRCC carcinogenesis and disease progression. Enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction networks construction, survival analysis and herbal medicines screening were performed with related software and online analysis platforms. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis has also been performed to screen potential target drugs of ccRCC and molecular docking analysis has been used to validate their effects. Total 274 common DEGs were extracted through above process, including 194 up-regulated genes and 80 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly focused on multiple amino acid metabolism and HIF signaling pathway. Ten hub genes, including FLT1, BDNF, LCP2, AGXT2, PLG, SLC13A3, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, SLC22A7, and SLC13A3, were screened. Survival analysis showed that FLT1, BDNF, AGXT2, PLG, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, and SLC12A3 were closely correlated with the overall survival of ccRCC, and AGXT2, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, and SLC22A7 were closely associated with DFS. The potential therapeutic herbs that have been screened were Danshen, Baiguo, Yinxing, Huangqin and Chuanshanlong. The active compounds which may be effective in ccRCC treatment were kaempferol, Scillaren A and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Meng
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Fu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kun Xu
- Peking University Medical library, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Bao
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Youliang Huang
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Chinese Medicine Development and Strategy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhang J, Cai Q, Ji W. Nutritional Composition of Plant Protein Beverages on China's Online Market: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2701. [PMID: 37375604 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant protein beverages are gaining popularity due to various reasons such as lactose intolerance, veganism and health claims. This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of plant protein beverages sold online in China, with a focus on assessing their nutritional composition. A total of 251 kinds of plant protein beverages were analyzed, including coconut (n = 58), soy (n = 52), oats (n = 49), walnut (n = 14), almond (n = 11), peanut (n = 5), rice (n = 4), other beans (n = 5), mixed nuts (n = 5) and mixed beverages (n = 48), according to the nutrition label on the commercial package and retailer websites. The results showed that, except for soy beverages, plant protein beverages generally had low protein content, cereal beverages showed relatively high energy and carbohydrate levels, and all plant protein beverages had low sodium content. Additionally, the fortification rate of vitamins and minerals in the analyzed plant protein beverages was found to be extremely low, at only 13.1%. Given the substantial variation in the nutritional composition of plant protein beverages, consumers should pay more attention to the nutrition facts and ingredient information when choosing these beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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Zhang G, Li H, Sun L, Liu Y, Cao Y, Ren X, Liu Y. Study on the Correlation Between the Appearance Traits and Intrinsic Chemical Quality of Bitter Almonds Based on Fingerprint-Chemometrics. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:110-118. [PMID: 35396599 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Bitter almond is a well-known and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for relieving coughs and asthma. However, the bioactive chemical composition of bitter almonds, especially their amygdalin content, which determines their quality for TCM use, is variable and this can cause problems with formulating and prescribing TCMs based on bitter almonds. Therefore, a simple method was developed to evaluate the compositional quality of bitter almonds from their appearance traits, based on a combination of chromatographic fingerprinting and chemometrics. Bitter almonds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were applied to classify bitter almonds, which split the samples into two independent clusters. Three chemical markers (amygdalin, prunasin, and one unidentified component) were found by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). What's more, a new PLS-DA model was reconstructed to confirm the obtained chemical markers from PLS-DA. Additionally, the appearance trait indices and amygdalin content of bitter almond were determined and the classification was confirmed by one-way analysis of variance. This method can easily determine the quality of bitter almonds from their appearance alone, high quality correlated closely with kernels that were larger, oblong in shape and heavier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City West District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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14
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Zhang AN, Li N, Chen ZC, Guo YL, Tian CJ, Cheng DJ, Tang XY, Zhang XY. Amygdalin alleviated TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110235. [PMID: 36457260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-beta TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bronchial epithelial cells contributes to airway wall remodeling in asthma. This study aims to explore the role of amygdalin, an active ingredient in bitter almonds, in TGF-β-induced EMT in bronchial epithelial cells and to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its biological effects. METHODS An asthmatic mouse model was established through ovalbumin induction. Primary mouse bronchial epithelial cells and a human bronchial epithelial cell line were incubated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to induce EMT, whose phenotype of cells was evaluated by the expressions of EMT markers [alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and fibronectin] and cell migration capacity. A co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to assess the ubiquitination of heparanase (HPSE). RESULTS In asthmatic model mice, amygdalin treatment relieved airway wall remodeling and decreased expressions of EMT markers (α-SMA and vimentin). In TGF-β-treated bronchial epithelial cells, amygdalin treatment decreased the mRNA and protein levels of EMT markers (α-SMA, vimentin, and fibronectin) without impairing cell viability. Through the Swiss Target Prediction database, HPSE was screened as a candidate downstream target for amygdalin. HPSE overexpression further promoted TGF-β-induced EMT while the HPSE inhibitor suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, HPSE overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of amygdalin on TGF-β-induced EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. The following mechanism exploration revealed that amygdalin downregulated HPSE expression by enhancing ubiquitination. CONCLUSION Our study showed that amygdalin inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT in bronchial epithelial cells and found that the anti-EMT activity of amygdalin might be related to its regulatory effect on HPSE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Nan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Chang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Ya-Li Guo
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Cui-Jie Tian
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Dong-Jun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Xue-Yi Tang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, Henan Provincial People's, Hospital, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease and Intensive Care, People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, PR China.
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15
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Cecarini V, Selmi S, Cuccioloni M, Gong C, Bonfili L, Zheng Y, Cortese M, Angeletti M, Kilani S, Eleuteri AM. Targeting Proteolysis with Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:7591. [PMID: 36364419 PMCID: PMC9657530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, and its incidence and mortality are rapidly growing worldwide. In this regard, plant-derived natural compounds have been shown to be effective as chemotherapeutic and preventative agents. Apricot kernels are a rich source of nutrients including proteins, lipids, fibers, and phenolic compounds and contain the aromatic cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin that has been shown to exert a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and regulating the immune function. METHODS Here, we describe a previously unexplored proapoptotic mechanism of action of amygdalin in breast cancer (MCF7) cells that involves the modulation of intracellular proteolysis. For comparative purposes, the same investigations were also conducted upon cell treatment with two apricot kernel aqueous extracts from Prunus armeniaca L. RESULTS We observed that both the 20S and 26S proteasome activities were downregulated in the MCF7 cells upon 24 h treatments. Simultaneously, the autophagy cascade resulted in being impaired due to cathepsin B and L inhibition that also contributed to a reduction in cancer cell migration. The inhibition of these proteolytic systems finally promoted the activation of apoptotic events in the MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data unveil a novel mechanism of the anticancer activity of amygdalin, prompting further investigations for potential application in cancer preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Salima Selmi
- Research Unit for Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chunmei Gong
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Yadong Zheng
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuela Cortese
- CHiP Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Soumaya Kilani
- Research Unit for Bioactive Natural Products and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Amygdalin as a Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111306. [PMID: 36355478 PMCID: PMC9697812 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Several studies have shown the efficacy of apricot kernel seed as a cancer therapy due to the presence of amygdalin. These studies have demonstrated amygdalin's cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and apoptosis in vitro using human cancer cell lines. However, no studies have demonstrated their cancer activity in vivo. The aim of this study is to develop an amygdalin-loaded niosomes (ALN) gel formulation as a drug delivery system in order to investigate the selectivity, efficacy, and toxicity of amygdalin as a cancer therapy in vivo using the 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) carcinoma rat model. Based on pre-formulation studies, the ALN formulation composed of Tween 60: cholesterol: dihexadecyl phosphate in a molar ratio of 1:2:0.1 was chosen as an optimum formulation because it has a percent of EE of 66.52% with a particle size of 269.3 nm and a reflux of 3.54 µg.cm-2.h-1. The ALN gel formulation was integrated into carbopol gel to be evaluated in vivo. Compared to DMBA control, treatment with ALN gel showed a reduction in the carcinoma volume and in the hyperplasia of the epidermis with no signs of edema. In conclusion, the ALN gel formulation could be an efficient cancer therapy.
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Barakat H, Aljutaily T, Almujaydil MS, Algheshairy RM, Alhomaid RM, Almutairi AS, Alshimali SI, Abdellatif AAH. Amygdalin: A Review on Its Characteristics, Antioxidant Potential, Gastrointestinal Microbiota Intervention, Anticancer Therapeutic and Mechanisms, Toxicity, and Encapsulation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101514. [PMID: 36291723 PMCID: PMC9599719 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive amygdalin, found in high concentrations in bitter almonds, has been recognized as a symbol of the cyanogenic glycoside chemical organic substance, which was initially developed as a pharmaceutical for treating cancer after being hydrolyzed to hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Regrettably, research has shown that HCN can also damage normal cells, rendering it non-toxic to the human body. Extreme controversy surrounds both in vivo and in vitro studies, making its use risky. This review provides an extensive update on characteristics, antioxidant potential, gastrointestinal microbiota intervention, anticancer therapeutic, mechanisms, toxicity, and encapsulation of amygdalin. Antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-fibrotic, antiatherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and analgesic characteristics, and the ability to improve digestive and reproductive systems, neurodegeneration, and cardiac hypertrophy are just some of the benefits of amygdalin. Studies verified the HCN-produced amygdalin to be harmful orally, but only at very high doses. Although intravenous treatment was less effective than the oral method, the oral route has a dose range of 0.6 to 1 g daily. Amygdalin’s toxicity depends heavily on the variety of bacteria in the digestive tract. Unfortunately, there is currently no foolproof method for determining the microbial consortium and providing a safe oral dosage for every patient. Amygdalin encapsulation in alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) is a relatively new area of research. Amygdalin has an enhanced cytotoxic effect on malignant cells, and ACNPs can be employed as an active drug-delivery system to release this compound in a regulated, sustained manner without causing any harm to healthy cells or tissues. In conclusion, a large area of research for a substance that might be the next step in cancer therapy is opened up due to unverified and conflicting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Thamer Aljutaily
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M. Algheshairy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M. Alhomaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim S. Almutairi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I. Alshimali
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Elderdery AY, Alzahrani B, Hamza SMA, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Mok PL, Subbiah SK. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Effect of CuO-TiO 2-Chitosan-Amygdalin Nanocomposites in Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1473922. [PMID: 36199748 PMCID: PMC9529517 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1473922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to synthesize copper oxide- (CuO-) titanium oxide- (TiO2-) chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites (CTCANc) and to characterize them physically and biologically (antimicrobial and anticancer activity using MOLT4 blood cancer cell line) to endorse their useful applications as potential drug candidates in anticancer avenues. CuO-TiO2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites were synthesized according to standard, reported methods. Physical characterization of the nanocomposites was performed using methods like X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and morphological and ultrastructural analysis of nanocomposites were done using electron microscope scanning and transmission. FTIR was recorded using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were done using the spectrometer. Further, antibacterial activities were assessed using standard bacterial cultures. To demonstrate the nanocomposite's anticancer effects, MTT assay, morphological analysis, apoptosis studies using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and levels of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed using the MOLT4 blood cancer cell line. Synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using XRD and showed various peaks, respectively, for CuO-TiO2, amygdalin, and chitosan. MTT assay indicated an IC50 value of 38.41 μg/ml concentration of CTCANc. Hence, 30 and 40 μg/ml were used for the subsequent experiments. Morphological analysis, staining for apoptosis using AO/EtBr, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP or ΔΨm) analysis, ROS analysis, and determination of the SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH levels were performed. Observations like a significant loss of morphology, induction of apoptosis, elevated ROS, and decreased MMP were significant in 30 and 40 μg/ml nanocomposite-treated cells when compared to control cells. The bimetallic nanocomposites exhibited typical nanocomposites characteristics and significant antibacterial and anticancer effects. The study results endorse the antibacterial, anticancer activity of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites and strongly suggest that further in-depth research using CuO-TiO2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites could reveal their efficacy in the clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abozer Y Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddiqa M A Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Umm Alqura University Algunfuda, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology & Therapeutic Department, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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19
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Kitic D, Miladinovic B, Randjelovic M, Szopa A, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Seidel V. Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1885. [PMID: 35890519 PMCID: PMC9325146 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae)-syn. Amygdalus armeniaca (L.) Dumort., Armeniaca armeniaca (L.) Huth, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam is commonly known as the apricot tree. The plant is thought to originate from the northern, north-western, and north-eastern provinces of China, although some data show that it may also come from Korea or Japan. The apricot fruit is used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments, including use as an antipyretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, emetic, and ophthalmic remedy. The Chinese and Korean pharmacopeias describe the apricot seed as an herbal medicinal product. Various parts of the apricot plant are used worldwide for their anticancer properties, either as a primary remedy in traditional medicine or as a complementary or alternative medicine. The purpose of this review was to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on ethnobotanical data, bioactive phytochemicals, anticancer potential, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of the genus Prunus armeniaca, thus providing new perspectives on future research directions. Included data were obtained from online databases such as PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science direct, and Wiley Online Library. Multiple anticancer mechanisms have been identified in in vitro and in vivo studies, the most important mechanisms being apoptosis, antiproliferation, and cytotoxicity. The anticancer properties are probably mediated by the contained bioactive compounds, which can activate various anticancer mechanisms and signaling pathways such as tumor suppressor proteins that reduce the proliferation of tumor cells. Other pharmacological properties resulting from the analysis of experimental studies include neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. In addition, data were provided on the toxicity of amygdalin, a compound found in apricot kernel seeds, which limits the long-term use of complementary/alternative products derived from P. armeniaca. This updated review showed that bioactive compounds derived from P. armeniaca are promising compounds for future research due to their important pharmacological properties, especially anticancer. A detailed analysis of the chemical structure of these compounds and their cytotoxicity should be carried out in future research. In addition, translational pharmacological studies are required for the correct determination of pharmacologically active doses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Kitic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.K.); (B.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Bojana Miladinovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.K.); (B.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Milica Randjelovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.K.); (B.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
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Tsaur I, Thomas A, Monecke M, Zugelder M, Rutz J, Grein T, Maxeiner S, Xie H, Chun FKH, Rothweiler F, Cinatl J, Michaelis M, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin Exerts Antitumor Activity in Taxane-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133111. [PMID: 35804883 PMCID: PMC9265127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), resistance development after taxane treatments is inevitable, necessitating effective options to combat drug resistance. Previous studies indicated antitumoral properties of the natural compound amygdalin. However, whether amygdalin acts on drug-resistant tumor cells remains questionable. An in vitro study was performed to investigate the influence of amygdalin (10 mg/mL) on the growth of a panel of therapy-naïve and docetaxel- or cabazitaxel-resistant PCa cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells). Tumor growth, proliferation, clonal growth, and cell cycle progression were investigated. The cell cycle regulating proteins (phospho)cdk1, (phospho)cdk2, cyclin A, cyclin B, p21, and p27 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins (phospho)Akt, (phospho)Raptor, and (phospho)Rictor as well as integrin β1 and the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin, ezrin, talin, and cytokeratin 8/18 were assessed. Furthermore, chemotactic activity and adhesion to extracellular matrix components were analyzed. Amygdalin dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor clones in all (parental and resistant) PCa cell lines, accompanied by a G0/G1 phase accumulation. Cell cycle regulating proteins were significantly altered by amygdalin. A moderate influence of amygdalin on tumor cell adhesion and chemotaxis was observed as well, paralleled by modifications of cytoskeletal proteins and the integrin β1 expression level. Amygdalin may, therefore, block tumor growth and disseminative characteristics of taxane-resistant PCa cells. Further studies are warranted to determine amygdalin’s value as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-172312; Fax: +49-6131-173827
| | - Michelle Monecke
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Marion Zugelder
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Timothy Grein
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Felix K.-H. Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.)
- Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.)
- Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
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Lin S, Wen J, Xu X, Shi J, Zhang W, Zheng T, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang K, Jin J, Yue L, Abay B, Li M, Yue Q, Fan L. Amygdalin Induced Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells via Regulating NF[Formula: see text]B-1/NF[Formula: see text]B Signaling Cascade in Vitro and in Vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1361-1386. [PMID: 35681261 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Amygdalin, a natural compound commonly distributed in plants of the Rosaceae species, owns anticancer activity, less side effects, wide source, and relatively low price. Although the apoptosis is a central process activated by amygdalin in cancer cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which amygdalin induces the apoptosis of lung cancer cells remain poorly understood. In this research work, amygdalin could suppress the proliferation of lung cancer A549 and PC9 cells by CCK8 assay. Amygdalin significantly promoted the apoptosis of lung cancer A549 and PC9 cells stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI by flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, amygdalin dose-dependently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with JC-1 dye by flow cytometry. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms through which amygdalin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells, the differentially-expressed genes with a fold change >2.0 and [Formula: see text] < 0.05 were acquired from the cDNA microarray analysis. The results of qRT-PCR further confirmed that the differentially-expressed level of the NF[Formula: see text]B-1 gene was most obviously enhanced in lung cancer cells treated with amygdalin. The results of immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and siRNA knockdown indicated that amygdalin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of lung cancer cells via enhancing the expression of NF[Formula: see text]B-1 and inactivating NF[Formula: see text]B signaling cascade and further changing the expressions of proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP) related to apoptosis, which were further checked by in vivo study of the lung cancer cell xenograft mice model accompanying with immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL staining. Our results indicated that amygdalin might be a potential activator of NF[Formula: see text]B-1, which sheds more light on the molecular mechanism of anticancer effects of amygdalin. These results highlighted amygdalin as a potential therapeutic anticancer agent, which warrants its development as a therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Lin
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Ziye Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Liduo Yue
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Baigenzhin Abay
- National Scientific Medical Research Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Qingxi Yue
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
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Sadeghi H, Alijani HQ, Hashemi-Shahraki S, Naderifar M, Rahimi SS, Zadeh FA, Iravani S, Haghighat M, Khatami M. Iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles: green synthesis and their cytotoxicity activity against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Zhang C, Lin J, Zhen C, Wang F, Sun X, Kong X, Gao Y. Amygdalin protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure by reducing inflammatory response and inhibiting hepatocyte death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Combined effect of microwave and hydrothermal treatment on anti-nutritional factors, antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of plum (Prunus domestica L.) kernels. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Munekata PES, Yilmaz B, Pateiro M, Kumar M, Domínguez R, Shariati MA, Hano C, Lorenzo JM. Valorization of by-products from Prunus genus fruit processing: Opportunities and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7795-7810. [PMID: 35285755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food processing, especially the juice industry, is an important sector that generate million tons of residues every. Due to the increasing concern about waste generation and the interest in its valorization, the reutilization of by-products generated from the processing of popular fruits of the Prunus genus (rich in high-added value compounds) has gained the spotlight in the food area. This review aims to provide an overview of the high added-value compounds found in the residues of Prunus fruits (peach, nectarine, donut peach, plum, cherry, and apricot) processing and applications in the food science area. Collective (pomace) and individual (kernels, peels, and leaves) residues from Prunus fruits processing contains polyphenols (especially flavonoids and anthocyanins), lipophilic compounds (such as unsaturated fatty acids, carotenes, tocopherols, sterols, and squalene), proteins (bioactive peptides and essential amino acids) that are wasted. Applications are increasingly expanding from the flour from the kernels to encapsulated bioactive compounds, active films, and ingredients with technological relevance for the quality of bread, cookies, ice cream, clean label meat products and extruded foods. Advances to increasing safety has also been reported against anti-nutritional (amygdalin) and toxic compounds (aflatoxin and pesticides) due to advances in emerging processing technologies and strategic use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, Chartres, France
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, Orleans, France
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Park MN, Park H, Rahman MA, Kim JW, Park SS, Cho Y, Choi J, Son SR, Jang DS, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ko SG, Cheon C, Kim B. BK002 Induces miR-192-5p-Mediated Apoptosis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Modulation of PI3K/CHOP. Front Oncol 2022; 12:791365. [PMID: 35321434 PMCID: PMC8936126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.791365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BK002 consists of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) and Melandrium firmum Rohrbach (MFR) that have been used as herbal medicines in China and Korea. AJN and MFR have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer activities, although the synergistic targeting multiple anti-cancer mechanism in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has not been well reported. However, the drug resistance and transition to the androgen-independent state of prostate cancer contributing to CRPC is not well studied. Here, we reported that BK002 exerted cytotoxicity and apoptosis in CRPC PC3 cell lines and prostate cancer DU145 cell lines examined by cytotoxicity, western blot, a LIVE/DEAD cell imaging assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and transfection assays. The results from our investigation found that BK002 showed more cellular cytotoxicity than AJN and MFR alone, suggesting that BK002 exhibited potential cytotoxic properties. Consistently, BK002 increased DNA damage, and activated p-γH2A.X and depletion of survivin-activated ubiquitination of pro-PARP, caspase9, and caspase3. Notably, live cell imaging using confocal microscopy found that BK002 effectively increased DNA-binding red fluorescent intensity in PC3 and DU145 cells. Also, BK002 increased the anti-proliferative effect with activation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and significantly attenuated PI3K/AKT expression. Notably, BK002-treated cells increased ROS generation and co-treatment of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS inhibitor, significantly preventing ROS production and cellular cytotoxicity, suggesting that ROS production is essential for initiating apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 cells. In addition, we found that BK002 significantly enhanced miR-192-5p expression, and co-treatment with BK002 and miR-192-5p inhibitor significantly reduced miR-192-5p expression and cellular viability in PC3 and DU145 cells, indicating modulation of miR-192-5p mediated apoptosis. Finally, we found that BK002-mediated CHOP upregulation and PI3K downregulation were significantly reduced and restrained by miR-192-5p inhibitor respectively, suggesting that the anti-cancer effect of BK002 is associated with the miR-192-5p/PI3K/CHOP pathway. Therefore, our study reveals that a combination of AJN and MFR might be more effective than single treatment against apoptotic activities of both CRPC cells and prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Sun Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ri Son
- Collage of Science in Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Collage of Science in Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Sang Shim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhoo Cheon
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Bonglee Kim,
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Wang W, Xiao XZ, Xu XQ, Li ZJ, Zhang JM. Variation in Amygdalin Content in Kernels of Six Almond Species ( Prunus spp. L.) Distributed in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:753151. [PMID: 35154172 PMCID: PMC8831915 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.753151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amygdalin, a naturally occurring compound, is one of the main active ingredients of the Chinese raw bitter almond. The variation in amygdalin composition of seed kernels among the six almond species was determined, and relationships with geoenvironmental factors were analyzed. The amygdalin content exhibited great diversity, ranging from 0.0004 to 9.73 g/100 g. The highest level of amygdalin was detected in Tangut almond, with 5.45-9.73 g/100 g. The other kernels showed a range from 3.14 to 6.80 g/100 g in wild almond and from 3.00 to 4.22 g/100 g in longstalk almond. Amygdalin in common almond was almost undetectable. Factor analysis showed that amygdalin content in Prunus spp. kernels increased with altitude and decreased with the degree of aspect. Many environmental factors were closely related to amygdalin content, including annual precipitation (Bio12), UV intensity, and topsoil base saturation (T_BS), which all had a significant effect on amygdalin content. The amygdalin content is closely related to rainfall indicators, especially annual precipitation (Bio12), with the highest factor analysis value (3.63). Water regulates amygdalin in diverse ways. Since amygdalin is water-soluble, water can reduce the inhibitory effect of amygdalin on germination and regulate the synthesis of amygdalin at the late stage of germination by activating the amygdalin synthesis genes CYP79D16 and CYP71AN24. This study expands the understanding of amygdalin in almond resources and provides the direction for the regulation of amygdalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, The Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Xun-Ze Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, The Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, The Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, The Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, The Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
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The Application Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing on General Anesthesia Combined with Epidural Anesthesia and Electric Resection for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer and Its Influence on Tumor Markers. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7178711. [PMID: 35075365 PMCID: PMC8783706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7178711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of traditional Chinese medicine nursing on general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and electric resection to treat bladder cancer and its influence on tumor markers. Methods A total of 160 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and resection were included in this study. The patients were divided into control group (n = 80) and study group (n = 80) according to the random number table method. The control group received hydroxycamptothecin bladder perfusion therapy, and the study group received traditional Chinese medicine nursing combined with hydroxycamptothecin bladder perfusion therapy. The clinical efficacy, three-year cumulative survival rate, and postoperative recurrence rate of the two groups of patients were detected. The levels of tumor markers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VECF) and bladder tumor antigen (BTA) before and after treatment were also tested. The immune function, inflammatory factor levels, and quality of life of the two groups before and after treatment were evaluated. Results The total effective rate of the study group (83.75%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (58.75%). After treatment, the serum VEGF and BTA levels, inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels of the two groups of patients decreased, and the decrease in the study group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups increased (P < 0.05), and the increase in the study group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the CD8+ levels of the two groups of patients decreased (P < 0.05), and the decrease in the study group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the quality-of-life scores in both groups increased (P < 0.05), and the increase in the study group was even more significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine nursing has significant clinical effects on the treatment of bladder cancer with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and electric resection. It can more effectively prevent the risk of recurrence of bladder cancer after surgery, significantly improve the quality of life, improve immune system function, regulate the levels of VECF and BTA, effectively reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, inhibit tumor progression, and reduce tumor viability.
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Zhao W, Wang L, Yang F, Zhang N, Fan J, Qin S, Shao T, Xu X, Yan S, Guo H, Li J, Zhao H. Antioxidant activity assessment of Yingjisha sweet almond oil. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Jiahuan Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Shini Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Tong Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Xianao Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Shiyin Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Hongxing Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases Tianjin Third Central Hospital. No 83 Jintang Road Tianjin 300170 China
| | - Jianying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Tianjin International Joint Center of Food Science and Engineering State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce No. 409 Guangrong Road Tianjin 300134 China
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Jiang H, Li M, Du K, Ma C, Cheng Y, Wang S, Nie X, Fu C, He Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: Taohong Siwu Decoction. Chin Med 2021; 16:129. [PMID: 34857023 PMCID: PMC8638166 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer is the greastest threat to women' health all over the world. Among them, HER-2 positive breast cancer has the characteristics of high malignancy, easy recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a rich theoretical basis and clinical application for breast cancer. TCM believes that blood stasis syndrome is one of the important pathogenesis of breast formation and development. Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSHWD) is based on the "First Prescription of Gynecology" Siwu Decoction. It is widely used in various blood stasis and blood deficiency syndromes, mainly in gynecological blood stasis. Clinical studies have found that THSWD can treat breast cancer by reducing blood vessel and lymphangiogenesis with auxiliary chemotherapy. In this study, we aim to explore the material basis and mechanism of THSWD in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer through literature review and network pharmacology studies. Through a literature review of the traditional application, chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine of THSWD, as well as its clinical reports and pharmacological research on breast cancer treatment. Meanwhile, we conducted "component-pathway-target" network through network pharmacology reveals the main material basis, possible targets and pathways of THSWD in inhibiting HER-2 positive breast cancer. Literature review and network pharmacology research results had predicted that, baicalein, kaempferol, caffeic acid, amygdalin, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, catalpol, hydroxysafflor yellow A, paeoniflorin in THSWD are the main effective chemical composition. THSWD regulates 386 protein targets and 166 pathways related to breast cancer. The molecular mechanism is mainly to improve the microenvironment of tumor cells, regulate the process of tumor cell EMT, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This study revealed the mechanism of action of THSWD in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer through literature review and network pharmacology studies, providing a scientific basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Kequn Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guiyang, 550008, Guizhou, China.
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Abdolahi-Majd M, Hassanshahi G, Vatanparast M, Karimabad MN. Investigation of the effect of Prunus Amygdalus Amara on the expression of some genes of apoptosis and immortality in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 14:73-79. [PMID: 34856918 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666211202094433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-cancer effects of almond nuts or oil have been approved, but there are a few pieces of research that have evaluated, in detail, almond and other seeds' effects on cancer. Therefore, in the present project, the aim was to explore the regulatory effect of the bitter almond extract (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) on the apoptotic and anti-cancer potency of MCF-7 cells. OBJECTIVES In the current experimental research, the Almond effect on MCF7 cells was evaluated by investigating the expression and the balance between Bcl-2, Bax genes to unmark the potential molecular mechanism. METHODS For 24 and 48h, the MCF7 cells were treated with the bitter almond extract (187.5-3000 µg/mL). MTT assay was used to assess the viability, and Real-time-PCR was applied to determine the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, facing β-actin. RESULTS Our results revealed a significant difference between different extract concentrations on the viability of MCF7 cell lines in 24 and 48 h; cell viability decreased time-dependently (P < 0.05). After 24 and 48h of extract facing MCF7 cells, the evaluated IC50 value was 3000 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively. Based on Real Time-PCR analysis, after 24 and 48 h, the mRNA levels of BCL-2 decreased by the extract, whereas BAX was in the MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSION From the results, it can be concluded that bitter almond extract has anti-cancer properties that may influence the apoptotic pathways by regulating relative gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdolahi-Majd
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Vatanparast
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
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Mamdouh AM, Khodeer DM, Tantawy MA, Moustafa YM. In-vitro and in-vivo investigation of amygdalin, metformin, and combination of both against doxorubicin on hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 285:119961. [PMID: 34536497 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a potentially life-threatening cancer. In the current study, anti-HCC efficacy of amygdalin, or metformin alone or in combination in comparison to doxorubicin was studied. MAIN METHODS Both in-vitro and in-vivo based models. HepG-2 and Huh-7 cell lines as established in-vitro model for HCC were treated with different concentrations of indicated drugs to evaluate the cytotoxicity and determine IC50 for 24, 48 and 72 h. Moreover, the effect of different treatments on apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometric analysis were studied. Hepatocellular carcinoma induced in rats by diethyl-nitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride was established, to further investigate the efficacy of indicated drugs. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were measured by spectrophotometer, alpha-fetoprotein, cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and malondialdehyde were measured by ELISA, and liver biopsies were also evaluated histopathologically. KEY FINDINGS In-vitro results showed that the combination has a promising effect when compared to amygdalin or metformin alone as it is more cytotoxic and have higher ability for induction of apoptosis and arresting cell cycle. In-vivo doxorubicin has a good effect for treating HCC. Also, the combination showed a promising prognostic effect depending on the cytotoxic activity and tumor marker when compared to amygdalin or metformin alone. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the current data, it was hypothesized that amygdalin and metformin especially when used in combination will be a promising approach with low side effects for enhancement of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Mamdouh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Dina M Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, BUC, Cairo, Egypt
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Figurová D, Tokárová K, Greifová H, Knížatová N, Kolesárová A, Lukáč N. Inflammation, It's Regulation and Antiphlogistic Effect of the Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin. Molecules 2021; 26:5972. [PMID: 34641516 PMCID: PMC8512454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction accompanies in part or in full any disease process in the vascularized metazoan. This complicated reaction is controlled by regulatory mechanisms, some of which produce unpleasant symptomatic manifestations of inflammation. Therefore, there has been an effort to develop selective drugs aimed at removing pain, fever, or swelling. Gradually, however, serious adverse side effects of such inhibitors became apparent. Scientific research has therefore continued to explore new possibilities, including naturally available substances. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside present, e.g., in bitter almonds. This glycoside has already sparked many discussions among scientists, especially about its anticancer potential and related toxic cyanides. However, toxicity at different doses made it generally unacceptable. Although amygdalin given at the correct oral dose may not lead to poisoning, it has not yet been accurately quantified, as its action is often affected by different intestinal microbial consortia. Its pharmacological activities have been studied, but its effects on the body's inflammatory response are lacking. This review discusses the chemical structure, toxicity, and current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of amygdalin activity on immune functions, including the anti-inflammatory effect, but also discusses inflammation as such, its mediators with diverse functions, which are usually targeted by drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.F.); (H.G.); (N.K.); (A.K.); (N.L.)
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Tsanov V, Tsanov H. Theoretical Analysis of Anticancer Cellular Effects of Glycoside Amides. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1171-1200. [PMID: 34477528 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article is a continuation of Theoretical Analysis for the Safe Form and Dosage of Amygdalin Product and Theoretical Study of the Process of Passage of Glycoside Amides through the Cell Membrane of Cancer Cell. They consider some possible natural modifications and hypothesize that it is not nitrile glycosides that have antitumor properties, but their amide / carboxyl derivatives. The possibility of using this circumstance in conservative oncology is also considered. A mechanism for crossing the cell membrane and overcoming the immune functions of the cancer cell is presented. The physiologically active cancer cell itself is quite inert to external influences. It is far more stable than any physiologically active structural and/or functional organismal cell. Its defenses are discussed in detail in the article, and its main weakness was defined, namely: the cancer cell feeds mainly on carbohydrates and/ or carbohydrate complexes. In an effort to preserve its gene set, it has evolved to counteract biologically active substances by maximally preventing its passage through its cell membrane. It is this property that could be used to minimize its effect on the whole body. In the same article, based on theoretical calculations and literature references, a hypothesis is stated: cancers could turn from severe infectious to controlled chronic ones (similar to diabetes, chronic hepatitis, etc.) Objective: The pharmaceutical form allows deviation from the chemically pure substance. It is a convenient and at the same time accessible (from a financial and/or technological point of view) form for admission by patients. Due to the great variety of natural glycosamide nitriles (starting material for the production of amide/ carboxylic acid), modern pharmacology allows their combined intake by chemical nature and concentration of the active form crossing the cell membrane. Natural nitrile glycosides hydrolyzed to amide/carboxylic acid are still unexplored, but with great theoretical potential. As biologically active substances, these compounds also have significant toxicity. One of the purposes of this article is to organize laboratory tests on animals. METHODS A comparative analysis is performed on the basis of stoichiometric calculations for the concentration of the active form and the prediction of the bioactivity. For this purpose, the following methodology is applied: Data analysis for active anticancer cell molecular form and Determination of the drug dose. The derived chemicals obtained immediately after the passage of glycosamide across the cancer cell membrane are: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide, (R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, (R)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide, (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanamide, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enamide, (2Z,4E)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-2-oxoethylidene)hex-2-enedioic acid, (S)-1-hydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxamide, (1S,4S)-1,4-dihydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxamide, (1R,4R)-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxamide, (Z)-2-((4S,6R)-4,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)acetamide, (R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide, (E)-2-((4S,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)acetamide, (Z)-2-((4R,5R,6S)-5,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)acetamide, (E)-2-((4R,6S)-4,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)acetamide и (E)-2-((4S,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)acetamide. RESULTS The use of two or more pharmaceutical forms would not prevent their penetration subject to the mass ratios between the active antitumor amide and the active carboxyl transfer form. CONCLUSION Amides resulting from the hydrolysis of nitrile glycosides would have the ability to cross the cell membrane of a cancer cell and thus cause its cellular response. The pharmaceutical form must represent the exact amide / carboxylic acid ratio for the corresponding active anticancer cell form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Tsanov
- Ministry of Interior, Fire safety and civil protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Tsanov
- Ministry of Interior, Fire safety and civil protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kolesarova A, Baldovska S, Roychoudhury S. The Multiple Actions of Amygdalin on Cellular Processes with an Emphasis on Female Reproduction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:881. [PMID: 34577581 PMCID: PMC8468697 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the provenance and properties, metabolism and toxicity, mechanism of action, physiological, and therapeutic roles of amygdalin-a molecule present in the seeds of apricot and other plants-with an emphasis on the action of amygdalin on reproductive processes, particularly in the female. Amygdalin influences physiological processes including female reproduction at various regulatory levels via extra- and intracellular signaling pathways regulating secretory activity, cell viability, steroidogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, while being metabolized in the body, amygdalin releases significant amounts of cyanide, which may lead to acute health hazard in those individuals who may be at risk. Despite some contradictions in the available data about benefits and toxic effects of amygdalin, its potential applicability at low doses may present a promising tool for regulation of various reproductive and other physiological processes including disease management primarily in cancer phytotherapy, animal production, medicine, and biotechnology. However, further research involving carefully designed dose-response studies is required to overcome the possible side effects of amygdalin and assure its safety as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Simona Baldovska
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Kung YL, Lu CY, Badrealam KF, Kuo WW, Shibu MA, Day CH, Chen RJ, Lu SY, Padma VV, Huang CY. Cardioprotective potential of amygdalin against angiotensin II induced cardiac hypertrophy, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:926-934. [PMID: 33448586 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and cardiac hypertrophy is an unfavorable outcome of pathological cardiac remodeling and represents the most important contributing factor for HF and cardiac hypertrophy. Amygdalin (AMG) is a cyanogenic glycoside derived from bitter almonds. Accumulating evidences have highlighted their pharmacological potentials against various diseases. However, there is no report delineating the potential of AMG against angiotensin (Ang II) induced cardiac injuries. Thus, the present study was performed to explore whether AMG could ameliorate Ang II induced cardiomyopathies and thereby ascertain the underlying mechanisms thereof. To this end, H9c2 cells were treated with Ang II and thereafter treated with various concentration of AMG and finally the cardio-protective effects of AMG were analyzed through Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and insilico analysis. Our results showed that the cardiomyocyte cell size, inflammatory markers and cytokines(pNF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2) were markedly increased following Ang II treatment; nevertheless, treatment with AMG led to considerable decrement in the Ang II induced enlargement of the cardiomyocytes, and attenuate the expression of hypertrophic markers(ANP, BNP and MHC-7), inflammatory markers and cytokines. Additionally, oxidative stress related proteins (Nrf2, catalase, SOD-2, and GPX-4) were markedly increased following AMG treatment. Molecular docking reveals the interaction of AMG with Nrf2 possessing good binding affinity. Cumulatively, our study highlights the cardio-protective role of AMG against Ang II induced cardiomyopathies, including oxidative stress and inflammation effects. The intriguing in vitro results warrants the need of further animal studies to truly ascertain their potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lun Kung
- Integration of Chinese medicine and Modern medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Khan Fareen Badrealam
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeh Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Pan Y, Chen Y, Wu C, Ai J, Wang Y, Jia J, Liu L. Network pharmacology-guided mechanism study uncovers inhibitory effect of Mahuang Decoction on lung cancer growth by impeding Akt/ERK signaling pathways. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2094-2110. [PMID: 34017377 PMCID: PMC8129243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) ranks the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, due partially to the unsatisfactory therapeutic effect of the mainstream treatment. Alternatively, Chinese herb medicine (CHM) offers a bright perspective for treating complex diseases. Mahuang Decoction (MHD), a classic CHM formula, has been widely used in treating respiratory diseases in China for centuries, but its action mechanism has yet to be fully investigated. In this study, we first systemically explore the action mechanism of MHD by using network pharmacology and bioinformatic analysis tools, which uncovered a potential "new use of old drug" for MHD in cancer treatment. The therapeutic effect of MHD on LC was then validated by oral administration of MHD in the immunodeficient mice bearing xenografted LC tumors. To better understand the pharmacological activity of MHD against LC, we next constructed a drug/disease-target PPI network composed of 252 putative core therapeutic targets of MHD using Cytoscape. The subsequent enrichment analysis for these targets suggested that MHD could affect the apoptosis and cell cycle of LC cells via impeding Akt/ERK signaling pathways. Notably, these in silico analysis results were further validated by a series of cellular functional and molecular biological assays. Thus, our results show that MHD holds a great potential in LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & HospitalTianjin 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- The First Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Chunnuan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Jun Ai
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (SKLMCB), Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071, China
| | - Yun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Junrong Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & HospitalTianjin 300060, China
| | - Liren Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & HospitalTianjin 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
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Comparison Between β-Cyclodextrin-Amygdalin Nanoparticle and Amygdalin Effects on Migration and Apoptosis of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xiang JY, Chi YY, Han JX, Xiang H, Xie Q. The Toxicity and Attenuation Methods of Toxic Chinese Materia Medica for its Reasonable Application: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:41-67. [PMID: 33416023 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over a millennia, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat various diseases in China. In recent years, more and more Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been studied in scientific research projects, applied in clinical practice, and their extracts have even appeared in some health products. However, the toxicity of some CMM is often overlooked, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, etc. In this review, the toxic components and their toxicological mechanisms of some toxic CMM were listed according to the chemical structure classification of toxic components. Afterwards, the traditional methods (processing and compatibility) and modern methods (structural modification, biotransformation, etc.) of attenuation of CMM were discussed. Since ancient times, it has been said that "fight fire with fire, fight poison with poison," and toxic CMM are of great significance in the treatment of difficult and severe diseases. The rational application of toxic CMM and their components in clinical practice was also exemplified in this review. While the pharmacological effects of TCMs have been emphasized, the scientific attenuation and rational application of toxic components should be concerned. We hope this review can provide a reference for future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yu Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
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Gao K, Song YP, Song A. Exploring active ingredients and function mechanisms of Ephedra-bitter almond for prevention and treatment of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on network pharmacology. BioData Min 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 33292385 PMCID: PMC7653455 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-020-00229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic, and there is no wonder drug for epidemic control at present. However, many clinical practices have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in treating the outbreak. Among them, ephedra-bitter almond is a common couplet medicine in anti-COVID-19 prescriptions. This study aims to conduct an exploration of key components and mechanisms of ephedra-bitter almond anti-COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected and screened potential active components of ephedra-bitter almond based on the TCMSP Database, and we predicted targets of the components. Meanwhile, we collected relevant targets of COVID-19 through the GeneCards and CTD databases. Then, the potential targets of ephedra-bitter almond against COVID-19 were screened out. The key components, targets, biological processes, and pathways of ephedra-bitter almond anti-COVID-19 were predicted by constructing the relationship network of herb-component-target (H-C-T), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and functional enrichment. Finally, the key components and targets were docked by AutoDock Vina to explore their binding mode. RESULTS Ephedra-bitter almond played an overall regulatory role in anti-COVID-19 via the patterns of multi-component-target-pathway. In addition, some key components of ephedra-bitter almond, such as β-sitosterol, estrone, and stigmasterol, had high binding activity to 3CL and ACE2 by molecular docking simulation, which provided new molecular structures for new drug development of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Ephedra-bitter almonds were used to prevent and treat COVID-19 through directly inhibiting the virus, regulating immune responses, and promoting body repair. However, this work is a prospective study based on data mining, and the findings need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ping Song
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Anna Song
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Erikel E, Yuzbasioglu D, Unal F. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13436. [PMID: 32794256 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside, mainly present in the seeds of the Rosaceae family such as apricots, peaches, and bitter almond. In this study, in vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of amygdalin have been investigated on human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay. The antigenotoxic effect of amygdalin was performed against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using three different treatment types (pre-, simultaneous, and post-treatment). The isolated lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of amygdalin (0.86-13.75 µg/ml) alone and in combination with H2O2 (100 µM). The results indicated that amygdalin exhibited an antigenotoxic effect against H2O2, but it did not induce the genotoxic effect alone in tested concentrations in vitro on human lymphocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Amygdalin is a natural compound used in alternative medicine as an anti-cancer, antipyretic, and cough suppressant. The comet assay which is relatively simple, rapid, sensitive, and economically efficient, measures the changes in genomic stability. Assessment of amygdalin alone has no genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. Moreover, antigenotoxicity applications (pre-, simultaneous, and post-treatments) of amygdalin significantly reduced the DNA damage induced by H2O2 on isolated human lymphocytes. In conclusion, amygdalin is not genotoxic, also, it exhibited antigenotoxic activity against oxidatively damaged DNA due to its antioxidant properties on human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Erikel
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yuzbasioglu
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Unal
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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He XY, Wu LJ, Wang WX, Xie PJ, Chen YH, Wang F. Amygdalin - A pharmacological and toxicological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112717. [PMID: 32114166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amygdalin is commonly distributed in plants of the Rosaceae, such as peach, plum, loquat, apple and bayberry, but most notably in the seeds (kernels) of apricot almonds. As a naturally aromatic cyanogenic compound, it has long been used in Asia, Europe and other regions for the treatment of various diseases including cough, asthma, nausea, leprosy and leukoderma. Importantly, in recent years, an increasing attention has been paid to its antitumor effect. AIM OF THE STUDY The paper aims to review the pharmacological activities and toxicological effects of amygdalin and provide a reference and perspective for its further investigation. METHODS Electronic databases including the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese Biological Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database and VIP information database were searched up to November 2019 to identify eligible studies. A meticulous review was performed, an in-depth analysis on the pharmacological activity and toxicology of amygdalin was conducted, and perspectives for future research were also discussed. RESULTS A total of 110 papers about in vitro/in vivo studies on amygdalin have been reviewed. Analysis on the data suggested that this compound presented pharmacological activities of anti-tumor, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, anti-atherosclerosis, ameliorating digestive system and reproductive system, improving neurodegeneration and myocardial hypertrophy, as well as reducing blood glucose. In addition, studies revealed that amygdalin's toxicity was caused by its poisonous decomposite product of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide after oral ingestion, toxicity of intravenous administration route was far less than the oral route, and it can be avoidable with an oral dose ranging from 0.6 to 1 g per day. CONCLUSION This paper has systematically reviewed the pharmacology and toxicology of amygdalin and provided comprehensive information on this compound. We hope this review highlights some perspectives for the future research and development of amygdalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan He
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, PR China
| | - Wen-Xiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, PR China
| | - Pei-Jun Xie
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610036, PR China
| | - Yun-Hui Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, PR China.
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610036, PR China.
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Xu L, Bi Y, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhang S, Chen J. Oridonin inhibits the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4480-4493. [PMID: 32168416 PMCID: PMC7176879 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a severe malignant with high morbidity; however, few effective and secure therapeutic strategy is used in current clinical practice. Oridonin is a small molecule from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens. This study mainly aimed to investigate the role of oridonin on inhibiting the process of H1688, a kind of small cell lung cancer cells from human. Oridonin could suppress H1688 cell proliferation and induce their apoptosis in a high dosage treatment (20 μmol/L). Meanwhile, cell migration was suppressed by oridonin (5 and 10 μmol/L) that did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression level of E-cadherin was significantly increased, and the expression of vimentin, snail and slug was reduced after administration of oridonin. These expression changes were associated with the suppressed integrin β1, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ERK1/2. In addition, oridonin (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibited tumour growth in a nude mouse model; however, HE staining revealed a certain degree of cytotoxicity in hepatic tissue after treatment oridonin (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, the concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALP) was significantly increased and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced after oridonin treatment (10 mg/kg). Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that oridonin increased E-cadherin expression and reduced vimentin and phospho-FAK levels in vivo. These findings indicated that oridonin can inhibit the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCLC cells by suppressing the FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Thus, oridonin may be a new drug candidate to offer an effect of anti-SCLC with relative safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratorial Examination, Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center Sanatorium Area 3, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuocheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Wang H, Wang H, Li K, Li S, Sun B. IGFBP-3 Is the Key Target of Sanguinarine in Promoting Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1007-1015. [PMID: 32104082 PMCID: PMC7023858 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s234291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapeutic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has always been plagued by nonspecific and side effects. Plant extracts have potential anticancer capabilities with low cytotoxicity and few side effects, but their detailed mechanisms are still unclear, thus limiting their clinical applications. Methods In this study, five plant extracts were chosen, their inhibition on HCC cell viability was compared by CCK-8 assay and sanguinarine (SAN) was selected. Then, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and apoptosis assay were carried out in Hep3B cells. Bioinformatics methods were performed and IGFBP-3 was predicted the targets of SAN in HCC. The mechanism of SAN regulating IGFBP-3 was explored using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, cell viability assay and apoptosis assay. Meanwhile, knockdown of IGFBP-3 were used by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results In five plant extracts, SAN inhibited the proliferation of HCC cell lines most considerably. In addition, apoptosis was promoted, and invasion and migration were inhibited in the Hep3B cell line by treatment with SAN at 2 μM. Bioinformatics indicated that SAN could affect HCC apoptosis through the TP53/IGFBP-3 pathway, and further verification experiments showed that SAN upregulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the Hep3B cell line; SAN also inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and promoted the expression of BAX and caspase-3. After using siRNA to inhibit the expression of IGFBP-3, the effect of SAN was blocked. Conclusion Our study further reveals a novel mechanism that IGFBP-3 is an important target of SAN, by upregulating expression of IGFBP-3, SAN promotes apoptosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wang
- Department of Interventional, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Interventional, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Interventional, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Interventional, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar 161005, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Bailly C. Anticancer properties of Prunus mume extracts (Chinese plum, Japanese apricot). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112215. [PMID: 31491438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Extracts of the fruit of Prunus mume (Rosaceae) have been used for a long time in Eastern Asia, in many culinary and medicinal preparations. The plant originates from the south of mainland China (named méi) and was introduced later in Japan (ume), Korea (maesil) and Vietnam (mai or mo). Extracts of the fruits (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot, 'Nanko' mume cultivar of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) are used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, and various Korean medical preparations, for more than 2000 years. The medicinal use of the flesh of the fruits is cited in ancient Japanese monographies (such as Shokokukodenhiho published in 1817). AIM OF THE STUDY To analyze the anticancer activities of P. mume extracts and their potential use to prevent or treat cancers. The use of P. mume extracts to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy, notably drug-induced gastro-intestinal toxicities, is also reviewed. METHODS Extensive database retrieval, such as SciFinder and PubMed, was performed by using keywords such as "Prunus mume", "Chinese plum", "Japanese apricot", and "cancer". In addition, relevant textbooks, patents, reviews, and digital documents (in English) were consulted to collate all available scientific literature and to provide a complete science-based survey of the topic. RESULTS P. mume extracts display hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antibacterial effects, as well as anticancer properties. A survey of the antitumor activities of MK615 and other P. mume extracts is provided here, with information about the natural products found in the extracts (such as ursolic acid and oleanic acid) and the mechanisms of action of these extracts. MK615 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptotic death of different types of cancer cells from both solid and hematological tumors. CONCLUSION The pool of in vitro data and signs of anticancer activities in mice models and in Human, although very limited, support the use of this extract to treat cancer, notably gastro-intestinal tumors. However, more robust evidence of anticancer activity in Human are awaited. Beyond cancer treatment, the use of P. mume extracts to prevent or to treat mucositis and other gastro-intestinal damages induced by anticancer drugs is underlined. The woody plant Prunus mume, a member of the Rosaceae family, has a long plantation history in China, and has widely been planted in Asia due to its high ornamental value (colorful corollas, pleasant fragrance, weeping trait) and the culinary, nutritional and medicinal potential of the fruits from the specie Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc (Mei). Over the past 20 years the therapeutic potential of the extract of Japanese apricot "Ume" has been regularly reported. Anti-bacterial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties have been described. A complete analysis of the published scientific literature on Ume and cancer is presented here.
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Shi J, Chen Q, Xu M, Xia Q, Zheng T, Teng J, Li M, Fan L. Recent updates and future perspectives about amygdalin as a potential anticancer agent: A review. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3004-3011. [PMID: 31066207 PMCID: PMC6558459 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall incidence of cancer is increasing in recent years. Despite advances in various comprehensive treatments, the mortality of advanced malignant tumors remains at a high level. Numerous pharmacological studies have confirmed that many Chinese herbal medicines possess remarkable antitumor activities. Amygdalin, mainly existing in bitter almond, is reported to have antitumor properties in addition to the antioxidative, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This article summarizes the structural characteristics of amygdalin, its antitumor mechanisms, and recent progress and achievement in the research of amygdalin, hoping that it could provide theoretical clues for exploring the clinical value of amygdalin against tumors. Amygdalin is known to have an antitumor effect in solid tumors such as lung cancer, bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma by affecting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and regulating immune function. Further research is needed to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of amygdalin in terms of the optimal dosage, the feasibility of combined use of amygdalin with other antitumor drugs, and even artificial synthesis of the active components in amygdalin, for the sake of enhancing its antitumor activities and reducing its adverse effects for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junliang Teng
- School of information management and engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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