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Otth M, Weiser A, Lee SY, Rudolf von Rohr L, Heesen P, Guerreiro Stucklin AS, Scheinemann K. Treatment of Medulloblastoma in the Adolescent and Young Adult Population: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39178158 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2024.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most frequent high-grade tumor of the central nervous system in children but accounts for less than 1% of these tumors in adults. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients are between both age groups, and different approaches are used to treat medulloblastoma in this population. We performed a systematic review of studies published between 2007 and 2023 that reported treatment approaches and survival data of AYA patients with medulloblastoma, defined as 15 to 39 years of age at diagnosis. Due to the heterogeneity of data, a meta-analysis was not possible. Except for the omission of chemotherapy after radiotherapy in a few adult studies, the treatment backbone is very similar between studies starting enrolment during childhood and older adolescence or adulthood. Despite indications for a higher rate of early treatment termination due to toxicity in adults, survival data remain comparable between studies starting enrolment earlier or later in life. However, molecular subtyping was missing in most studies, so the survival data must be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, pediatric-inspired strategies in the AYA population are feasible, but individual dose adjustments may be necessary during treatment and should be considered upfront. Collaborative studies investigating the best treatment approach for medulloblastoma in the AYA population are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Otth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Annette Weiser
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seok-Yun Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rudolf von Rohr
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Philip Heesen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana S Guerreiro Stucklin
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Sørensen MCL, Andersen MM, Rostgaard K, Schmiegelow K, Mikkelsen TS, Wehner PS, Olsen M, Søegaard SH, Hjalgrim LL. Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:294-302. [PMID: 38716484 PMCID: PMC11332509 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.27731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of children with cancer has markedly improved over recent decades, largely due to intensified treatment regimes. The intensive treatment may, however, result in fatal complications. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed temporal variation in the incidence of treatment-related death and associated risk factors among children diagnosed with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021. METHOD Among all children diagnosed with first incident cancer before age 15 years recorded in the Danish Childhood Cancer Register (n = 3,255), we estimated cumulative incidence of treatment-related death (death in the absence of progressive cancer) within 5 years from diagnosis using Aalen-Johansen estimators and assessed associated risk factors using Cox regression. RESULTS Among all 3,255 children with cancer, 93 (20% of all 459 deaths) died from treatment. Of these treatment-related deaths, 39 (42%) occurred within 3 months of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidences of treatment-related death were 3.3% during 2001-2010 and 2.5% during 2011-2021 (p = 0.20). During 2011-2021, treatment-related deaths accounted for more than half of all deaths among children with haematological cancers. Risk factors varied according to cancer group and included female sex, age below 1 year at diagnosis, disease relapse, stem cell transplantation, central nervous system involvement, and metastasis at diagnosis. INTERPRETATION Despite increasing treatment intensities, the incidence of treatment-related death has remained stable during the past 20 years in Denmark. Still, clinical attention is warranted to prevent treatment-related deaths, particularly among children with haematological cancers. Patient characteristics associated with increased treatment-related death risk support patient-specific treatment approaches to avoid these fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C L Sørensen
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie M Andersen
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Rostgaard
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben S Mikkelsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peder S Wehner
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Olsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Signe H Søegaard
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa L Hjalgrim
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine. Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Luo Y, Zhuang Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Teng S, Zeng H. Multiparametric MRI-Based Radiomics Signature with Machine Learning for Preoperative Prediction of Prognosis Stratification in Pediatric Medulloblastoma. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1629-1642. [PMID: 37643930 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Despite advances in risk-stratified treatment strategies for children with medulloblastoma (MB), the prognosis for MB with short-term recurrence is extremely poor, and there is still a lack of evaluation of short-term recurrence risk or short-term survival. This study aimed to construct and validate a radiomics model for predicting the outcome of MB based on preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and to provide an objective for clinical decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical and imaging data of 64 patients with MB admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital from December 2012 to December 2021 and confirmed by pathology were retrospectively collected. According to the 18-month progression-free survival, the cases were classified into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group, and all cases were divided into training group (70%) and validation group (30%) randomly. Radiomics features were extracted from MRI of each child. The consistency test, t-test, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used for feature selection. The support vector machine (SVM) and receiver operator characteristic were used to evaluate the distinguishing ability of the selected features to the prognostic groups. RAD score was calculated based on the selected features. The clinical characteristics and RAD score were included in the multivariate logistic regression, and prediction models were constructed by screening out independent influences. The radiomics nomogram was constructed, and its clinical significance was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 1930 radiomic features were extracted from the images of each patient, and 11 features were included in the construction of radiomics score after selected. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the SVM model in the training and validation groups were 0.946 and 0.797, respectively. The radiomics nomogram was constructed based on the training cohort, and the AUC values in the training group and the validation group were 0.926 and 0.835, respectively. The results of clinical decision curve analysis showed that a good net benefit could be obtained from the nomogram. CONCLUSION The radiomics nomogram established based on MRI can be used as a noninvasive predictive tool to evaluate the prognosis of children with MB, which is expected to help neurosurgeons better conduct preoperative planning and patient follow-up management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China (Y.L., Y.Z., S.Z., H.Z.); Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China (Y.L., S.Z.)
| | - Yijiang Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China (Y.L., Y.Z., S.Z., H.Z.)
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China (Y.L., Y.Z., S.Z., H.Z.); Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China (Y.L., S.Z.)
| | - Jingsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China (J.W.)
| | - Songyu Teng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen 518038, China (S.T.)
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China (Y.L., Y.Z., S.Z., H.Z.).
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Ahn WK, Hahn SM, Yoon HI, Lee J, Park EK, Shim KW, Kim DS, Suh CO, Kim SH, Lyu CJ, Han JW. Long-term Outcomes of Protocol-Based Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:652-664. [PMID: 38037318 PMCID: PMC11016662 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Korean Society of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (KSPNO) conducted treatment strategies for children with medulloblastoma (MB) by using alkylating agents for maintenance chemotherapy or tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) according to the risk stratification. The purpose of the study was to assess treatment outcomes and complications based on risk-adapted treatment and HDC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with MB were enrolled in this study. Patients in the standard-risk (SR) group received radiotherapy (RT) after surgery and chemotherapy using the KSPNO M051 regimen. Patients in the high-risk (HR) group received two and four chemotherapy cycles according to the KSPNO S081 protocol before and after reduced RT for age following surgery and two cycles of tandem HDC with ASCR consolidation treatment. RESULTS In the SR group, 24 patients showed 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates of 86.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.6 to 100) and 95.8% (95% CI, 88.2 to 100), respectively. In the HR group, more infectious complications and mortality occurred during the second HDC than during the first. In the HR group, the 5-year EFS and OS estimates were 65.5% (95% CI, 51.4 to 83.4) and 72.3% (95% CI, 58.4 to 89.6), respectively. CONCLUSION High intensity of alkylating agents for SR resulted in similar outcomes but with a high incidence of hematologic toxicity. Tandem HDC with ASCR for HR induced favorable EFS and OS estimates compared to those reported previously. However, infectious complications and treatment-related mortalities suggest that a reduced chemotherapy dose is necessary, especially for the second HDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kee Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Hahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongshim Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Kyu Won Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Chang-Ok Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chuhl Joo Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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Stern E, Ben-Ami M, Gruber N, Toren A, Caspi S, Abebe-Campino G, Lurye M, Yalon M, Modan-Moses D. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function, pubertal development, and fertility outcomes in male and female medulloblastoma survivors: a single-center experience. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1345-1354. [PMID: 36633935 PMCID: PMC10326472 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine deficiencies, including hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) impairment, are common in survivors of childhood and adolescent medulloblastoma. Still, data regarding pubertal development and fecundity are limited, and few studies assessed HPGA function in males. We aimed to describe HPGA function in a large cohort of patients with medulloblastoma. METHODS A retrospective study comprising all 62 medulloblastoma patients treated in our center between 1987 and 2021, who were at least 2 years from completion of therapy. HPGA function was assessed based on clinical data, biochemical markers, and questionnaires. RESULTS Overall, 76% of female patients had clinical or biochemical evidence of HPGA dysfunction. Biochemical evidence of diminished ovarian reserve was seen in all prepubertal girls (n = 4). Among the males, 34% had clinical or biochemical evidence of gonadal dysfunction, 34% had normal function, and 29% were age-appropriately clinically and biochemically prepubertal. The difference between males and females was significant (P = .003). Cyclophosphamide-equivalent dose was significantly associated with HPGA function in females, but not in males. There was no association between HPGA dysfunction and other endocrine deficiencies, length of follow-up, weight status, and radiation treatment protocol. Two female and 2 male patients achieved successful pregnancies, resulting in 6 live births. CONCLUSIONS HPGA dysfunction is common after treatment for childhood medulloblastoma. This is seen more in females, likely due to damage to the ovaries from spinal radiotherapy. Our findings may assist in counseling patients and their families regarding risk to future fertility and need for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Stern
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Ben-Ami
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noah Gruber
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Toren
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shani Caspi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gadi Abebe-Campino
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lurye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Yalon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dalit Modan-Moses
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Osuna-Marco MP, Martín-López LI, Tejera ÁM, López-Ibor B. Questions and answers in the management of children with medulloblastoma over the time. How did we get here? A systematic review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1229853. [PMID: 37456257 PMCID: PMC10340518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1229853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of children with medulloblastoma (MB) includes surgery, radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). Several treatment protocols and clinical trials have been developed over the time to maximize survival and minimize side effects. Methods We performed a systematic literature search in May 2023 using PubMed. We selected all clinical trials articles and multicenter studies focusing on MB. We excluded studies focusing exclusively on infants, adults, supratentorial PNETs or refractory/relapsed tumors, studies involving different tumors or different types of PNETs without differentiating survival, studies including <10 cases of MB, solely retrospective studies and those without reference to outcome and/or side effects after a defined treatment. Results 1. The main poor-prognosis factors are: metastatic disease, anaplasia, MYC amplification, age younger than 36 months and some molecular subgroups. The postoperative residual tumor size is controversial.2. MB is a collection of diseases.3. MB is a curable disease at diagnosis, but survival is scarce upon relapse.4. Children should be treated by experienced neurosurgeons and in advanced centers.5. RT is an essential treatment for MB. It should be administered craniospinal, early and without interruptions.6. Craniospinal RT dose could be lowered in some low-risk patients, but these reductions should be done with caution to avoid relapses.7. Irradiation of the tumor area instead of the entire posterior fossa is safe enough.8. Hyperfractionated RT is not superior to conventional RT9. Both photon and proton RT are effective.10. CT increases survival, especially in high-risk patients.11. There are multiple drugs effective in MB. The combination of different drugs is appropriate management.12. CT should be administered after RT.13. The specific benefit of concomitant CT to RT is unknown.14. Intensified CT with stem cell rescue has no benefit compared to standard CT regimens.15. The efficacy of intraventricular/intrathecal CT is controversial.16. We should start to think about incorporating targeted therapies in front-line treatment.17. Survivors of MB still have significant side effects. Conclusion Survival rates of MB improved greatly from 1940-1970, but since then the improvement has been smaller. We should consider introducing targeted therapy as front-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta P. Osuna-Marco
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura I. Martín-López
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda M. Tejera
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca López-Ibor
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
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Saker Z, Rizk M, Bahmad HF, Nabha SM. Targeting Angiogenic Factors for the Treatment of Medulloblastoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:864-886. [PMID: 35412196 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent pediatric brain tumor. Despite conventional therapy, MB patients have high mortality and morbidity rates mainly due to the incomplete understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involved in development of this cancer. Similar to other solid tumors, MB demonstrated high endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenic activity, wherein new blood vessels arise from the pre-existing vasculature, a process named angiogenesis. MB angiogenesis is considered a hallmark for MB development, progression, and metastasis emphasizing its potential target for antitumor therapy. However, angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a set of angiogenic factors making it a complex process to be targeted. Although agents targeting these factors and their receptors are early in development, the potential for their targeting may translate into improvement in the clinical care for MB patients. In this review, we focus on the most potent angiogenic factors and their corresponding receptors, highlighting their basic properties and expression in MB. We describe their contribution to MB tumorigenesis and angiogenesis and the potential therapeutic targeting of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Saker
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahdi Rizk
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Rd, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.
| | - Sanaa M Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Cho HW, Lee H, Ju HY, Yoo KH, Koo HH, Lim DH, Sung KW, Shin HJ, Suh YL, Lee JW. Risk Stratification of Childhood Medulloblastoma Using Integrated Diagnosis: Discrepancies with Clinical Risk Stratification. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e59. [PMID: 35191235 PMCID: PMC8860767 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genomic studies identified four discrete molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB), and the risk stratification of childhood MB in the context of subgroups was refined in 2015. In this study, we investigated the effect of molecular subgroups on the risk stratification of childhood MB. METHODS The nCounter® system and a customized cancer panel were used for molecular subgrouping and risk stratification in archived tissues. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were included in this study. In clinical risk stratification, based on the presence of residual tumor/metastasis and histological findings, 24 and 20 patients were classified into the average-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Molecular subgroups were successfully defined in 37 patients using limited gene expression analysis, and DNA panel sequencing additionally classified the molecular subgroups in three patients. Collectively, 40 patients were classified into molecular subgroups as follows: WNT (n = 7), SHH (n = 4), Group 3 (n = 8), and Group 4 (n = 21). Excluding the four patients whose molecular subgroups could not be determined, among the 17 average-risk group patients in clinical risk stratification, one patient in the SHH group with the TP53 variant was reclassified as very-high-risk using the new risk classification system. In addition, 5 out of 23 patients who were initially classified as high-risk group in clinical risk stratification were reclassified into the low- or standard-risk groups in the new risk classification system. CONCLUSION The new risk stratification incorporating integrated diagnosis showed some discrepancies with clinical risk stratification. Risk stratification based on precise molecular subgrouping is needed for the tailored treatment of MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Antineoplastics. REACTIONS WEEKLY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7644399 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-020-84805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Lee JW, Lim DH, Sung KW, Cho HW, Ju HY, Hyun JK, Yoo KH, Koo HH, Suh YL, Joung YS, Shin HJ. Promising survival rate but high incidence of treatment-related mortality after reduced-dose craniospinal radiotherapy and tandem high-dose chemotherapy in patients with high-risk medulloblastoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5807-5818. [PMID: 32608158 PMCID: PMC7433836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we report the follow-up results of reduced dose of craniospinal radiotherapy (CSRT) followed by tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in patients with high-risk medulloblastoma (MB). METHODS Newly diagnosed high-risk MB patients (metastatic disease, postoperative residual tumor >1.5 cm2 , or large cell/anaplastic histology) over 3 years of age were enrolled in this study. Two cycles of pre-RT chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) including reduced-dose CSRT (23.4 or 30.6 Gy), four cycles of post-RT chemotherapy, and tandem HDCT were administered. NanoString and DNA sequencing were performed using archival tissues. RESULTS In all, 40 patients were enrolled, and molecular subgrouping was possible in 21 patients (2 wingless, 3 sonic hedgehog, 8 Group 3, and 8 group 4). All patients including two patients who experienced progression during the induction chemotherapy underwent HDCT. Relapse/progression occurred only in four patients (5-year cumulative incidence [CI] 10.4 ± 0.3%). However, six patients died from treatment-related mortality (TRM) (four acute TRMs and two late TRMs) resulting in 18.5 ± 0.5% of 5-year CI. Taken together, the 5-year event-free survival and overall survival were 71.1 ± 8.0% and 73.2 ± 7.9%, respectively. Late effects were evaluated in 25 patients and high-tone hearing loss, endocrine dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and growth retardation were common. CONCLUSIONS The strategy using tandem HDCT following reduced-dose CSRT showed promising results in terms of low relapse/progression rate; however, the high TRM rate indicates that modification of HDCT regimen and careful selection of patients who can benefit from HDCT will be needed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Kyung Hyun
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Sook Joung
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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