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Jensen JE, Wendt LH, Spring JC, Jackson JB. Human Papillomavirus Perceptions, Vaccine Uptake, and Sexual Risk Factors in Students Attending a Large Public Midwestern University. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:671. [PMID: 38932400 PMCID: PMC11209269 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: It was to understand HPV vaccination patterns, uptake, perceptions, and sexual risk factors in students at a Midwest public university. Participants: Students were enrolled during the spring 2024 semester at the University of Iowa. Methods: A survey was developed and emailed to 28,095 students asking demographic, general and sexual health, and HPV-related questions. Results: The response rate was 4.9%, with 76% females and a median age of 22. The HPV vaccine uptake was 82%, with 88% recommending the vaccine. Parental preference was the main reason for being unvaccinated. The median age of sexual debut was 17 years, with a median of 2 sexual partners. Vaccination was associated with female, health science, sexually active, and COVID-19/influenza vaccinated students. Conclusions: HPV vaccine uptake at University of Iowa students is higher than the national and Iowa averages. Increased education regarding HPV vaccination is still needed, particularly in males, those not having sex, and those not receiving other vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaNiese E. Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Linder H. Wendt
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joseph C. Spring
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jay Brooks Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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Berza N, Zodzika J, Kivite-Urtane A, Baltzer N, Curkste A, Pole I, Nygård M, Pärna K, Stankunas M, Tisler A, Uuskula A. Understanding the high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence and associated factors in the European country with a high incidence of cervical cancer. Eur J Public Health 2024:ckae075. [PMID: 38822674 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer (CC). Latvia has a high incidence of CC compared with the average incidence in the European Union. This study aims to fill the data gap on the HR-HPV burden in Latvia, providing information on its prevalence and associated factors. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to April 2022. Participants 25-70 years old visiting a general practitioner (general population) or those referred to a colposcopy clinic with changes in their cervical cytology (colposcopy population) collected vaginal self-sample and completed a paper-based questionnaire. Samples were analyzed with Cobas 6800 System (Roche) for HPV16, HPV18 and other HR-HPV (HPV31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68). Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were performed. The Chi-square test was used to determine for the statistical significance of differences in the proportions of the dependent variable between subgroups of the independent variable. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with positive HR-HPV status. Results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 1274 participants provided a valid sample. The prevalence of any HR-HPV infection was 66.8% in the colposcopy group and 11.0% in the general population. Factors associated with positive HR-HPV status were marital status single/divorced/widowed (vs. married/cohabiting) [adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6; P = 0.003], higher number of lifetime sex partners [aOR 5.1 (P < 0.001) and 4.0 (P = 0.001)] for six or more and three to five partners in the general population; in the colposcopy group, the statistical significance remained only for Latvian ethnicity (vs. other) (aOR 1.8; P = 0.008) and current smoking (vs. never) (aOR 1.9; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION We documented a comparison to European Union HR-HPV infection burden in Latvia. Any HR-HPV positivity was significantly associated with sexual and other health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Berza
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jana Zodzika
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Gynaecology Department, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anda Kivite-Urtane
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Alise Curkste
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilva Pole
- Laboratory Service, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Kersti Pärna
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mindaugas Stankunas
- Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anna Tisler
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Uuskula
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Zhao X, Fan X, Lin X, Guo B, Yu Y. Deciphering age-specific molecular features in cervical cancer and constructing an angio-immune prognostic model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37717. [PMID: 38608077 PMCID: PMC11018232 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence is increasingly seen in younger individuals. Molecular distinctions between young and elderly patients at onset are understudied. This study used public databases to explore genomic, transcriptomic, and immune-related features across age groups in cervical cancer. Additionally, it aims to create a prognostic model applicable across diverse age cohorts, enabling precise patient stratification, and personalized therapies. Gene mutations, expression data, and clinicopathological information were obtained from 317 cervical cancer patients. These patients were divided into a young group and an old group based on the median age of onset. The characteristics of differential gene mutation, gene expression, and immune cells analysis were analyzed by R software. Finally, the prognostic model was constructed by univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analyses of angiogenic and immune gene sets. Its validity was further confirmed using an additional 300 cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma tissues. Cervical cancer patients at elderly onset age exhibit a significantly higher frequency of NOTCH1 and TP53 driver mutations compared to young patients, along with a notably higher tumor mutational burden. However, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of genomic instability and age-related mutational signatures. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that the young group significantly upregulated interferon-alpha and gamma responses and exhibited significantly higher activity in multiple metabolic pathways. Immune microenvironment analysis indicated enrichment of dendritic cells and natural killer cells in the young group, while transforming growth factor-β signature was enriched in the elderly group, indicating a higher degree of immune exclusion. A multigene prognostic model based on angiogenesis and T cell immune gene sets showed excellent prognostic performance independent of clinical factors such as age. High-risk groups identified by the model exhibit significant activation of tumor-promoting processes, such as metastasis and angiogenesis. Our study reveals distinct patterns in cancer-driving mechanisms, biological processes, and immune system status between young and elderly patients at onset with cervical cancer. These findings shed light on the age-specific underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, an independent molecular prognostic model is constructed to provide valuable references for patient stratification and the development of potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xichen Fan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu Lin
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanqin Yu
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Clarke MA, Wentzensen N, Perkins RB, Garcia F, Arrindell D, Chelmow D, Cheung LC, Darragh TM, Egemen D, Guido R, Huh W, Locke A, Lorey TS, Nayar R, Risley C, Saslow D, Smith RA, Unger ER, Massad LS. Recommendations for Use of p16/Ki67 Dual Stain for Management of Individuals Testing Positive for Human Papillomavirus. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024; 28:124-130. [PMID: 38446575 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for dual stain (DS) testing with CINtec PLUS Cytology for use of DS to triage high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive results. METHODS Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated according to DS results among individuals testing HPV-positive using data from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California cohort and the STudying Risk to Improve DisparitiES study in Mississippi. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines. Resource usage metrics were calculated to support decision-making. Risk estimates in relation to clinical action thresholds were reviewed and used as the basis for draft recommendations. After an open comment period, recommendations were finalized and ratified through a vote by the Consensus Stakeholder Group. RESULTS For triage of positive HPV results from screening with primary HPV testing (with or without genotyping) or with cytology cotesting, colposcopy is recommended for individuals testing DS-positive. One-year follow-up with HPV-based testing is recommended for individuals testing DS-negative, except for HPV16- and HPV18-positive results, or high-grade cytology in cotesting, where immediate colposcopy referral is recommended. Risk estimates were similar between the Kaiser Permanente Northern California and STudying Risk to Improve DisparitiES populations. In general, resource usage metrics suggest that compared with cytology, DS requires fewer colposcopies and detects cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse earlier. CONCLUSIONS Dual stain testing with CINtec PLUS Cytology is acceptable for triage of HPV-positive test results. Risk estimates are portable across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Rebecca B Perkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - David Chelmow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Li C Cheung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Teresa M Darragh
- The Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Didem Egemen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard Guido
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Warner Huh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alexander Locke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Retired), The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA
| | - Thomas S Lorey
- Regional Laboratory, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Ritu Nayar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Medical Group, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Debbie Saslow
- Prevention and Early Detection Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert A Smith
- Early Cancer Detection Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - L Stewart Massad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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5
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Wentzensen N, Garcia F, Clarke MA, Massad LS, Cheung LC, Egemen D, Guido R, Huh W, Saslow D, Smith RA, Unger ER, Perkins RB. Enduring Consensus Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening and Management: Introduction to the Scope and Process. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024; 28:117-123. [PMID: 38446573 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines (Enduring Guidelines) effort is a standing committee to continuously evaluate new technologies and approaches to cervical cancer screening, management, and surveillance. METHODS AND RESULTS The Enduring Guidelines process will selectively incorporate new technologies and approaches with adequate supportive data to more effectively improve cancer prevention for high-risk individuals and decrease unnecessary procedures in low-risk individuals. This manuscript describes the structure, process, and methods of the Enduring Guidelines effort. Using systematic literature reviews and primary data sources, risk of precancer will be estimated and recommendations will be made based on risk estimates in the context of established risk-based clinical action thresholds. The Enduring Guidelines process will consider health equity and health disparities by assuring inclusion of diverse populations in the evidence review and risk assessment and by developing recommendations that provide a choice of well-validated strategies that can be adapted to different settings. CONCLUSIONS The Enduring Guidelines process will allow updating existing cervical cancer screening and management guidelines rapidly when new technologies are approved or new scientific evidence becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Francisco Garcia
- Health and Community Services Administration, Pima County, Tucson, AZ
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - L Stewart Massad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Li C Cheung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Didem Egemen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard Guido
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Warner Huh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Chronic Viral Diseases Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca B Perkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Tejeda M, Farrell J, Zhu C, Wetzler L, Lunetta KL, Bush WS, Martin ER, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Pericak‐Vance MA, Haines JL, Farrer LA, Sherva R. DNA from multiple viral species is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:253-265. [PMID: 37578203 PMCID: PMC10840621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk by independent lines of evidence. We explored this association by comparing the frequencies of viral species identified in a large sample of AD cases and controls. METHODS DNA sequence reads that did not align to the human genome in sequences were mapped to viral reference sequences, quantified, and then were tested for association with AD in whole exome sequences (WES) and whole genome sequences (WGS) datasets. RESULTS Several viruses were significant predictors of AD according to the machine learning classifiers. Subsequent regression analyses showed that herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.71, p = 8.03 × 10-4) and human papillomavirus 71 (HPV-71; OR = 3.56, p = 0.02), were significantly associated with AD after Bonferroni correction. The phylogenetic-related cluster of Herpesviridae was significantly associated with AD in several strata of the data (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION Our results support the hypothesis that viral infection, especially HSV-1, is associated with AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Tejeda
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John Farrell
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lee Wetzler
- Departments of Medicine Infectious DiseaseBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Medicine MicrobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Departments of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland Institute for Computational BiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Eden R. Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human GeneticsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Li‐San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human GeneticsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland Institute for Computational BiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Medicine Neurologyand Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- OphthalmologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Holt HK, Flores R, James JE, Waters C, Kaplan CP, Peterson CE, Sawaya GF. A qualitative study of primary care clinician's approach to ending cervical cancer screening in older women in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102500. [PMID: 38116273 PMCID: PMC10728461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that cervical cancer screening end in average-risk patients with a cervix at 65 years of age if adequate screening measures have been met, defined as having 1) at least three normal consecutive cytology (Pap) tests, or 2) two normal cytology tests and/or two negative high-risk human papillomavirus tests between ages 55-65; the last test should be performed within the prior 5 years. Up to 60 % of all women aged 65 years and older who are ending screening do not meet the criteria for adequate screening. The objective of this study was to understand the process and approach that healthcare clinicians use to determine eligibility to end cervical cancer screening. In 2021 we conducted semi-structured interviews in San Francisco, CA with twelve healthcare clinicians: two family medicine physicians, three general internal medicine physicians, two obstetrician/gynecologists and five nurse practitioners. Thematic analysis, using inductive and deductive coding, was utilized. Three major themes emerged: following guidelines, relying on self-reported data regarding prior screening, and considering sexual activity as a factor in the decision to end screening. All interviewees endorsed following the USPSTF guidelines and they utilized self-report to determine eligibility to end screening. Clinicians' approach was dependent in part on their judgement about the reliability of the patient to convey their screening history. Sexual activity of the patient was considered when making clinical recommendations. Shared decision-making was often utilized. Clinicians voiced a strong reliance on self-reported screening history to end cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter K. Holt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Rey Flores
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Jennifer E. James
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, and UCSF Bioethics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Waters
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Celia P. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Caryn E. Peterson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - George F. Sawaya
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Risley C, Douglas K, Karimi M, Brumfield J, Gartrell G, Vargas R, Zhang L. Trends in Sexual Risk Behavioral Responses among High School Students between Mississippi and the United States: 2001 to 2019 YRBSS. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:500-507. [PMID: 36973577 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early sexual reproductive health (SRH) education is linked to a reduction in risky sexual behaviors. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are rising at alarming rates. Risky sexual behaviors, including initiation of sex before age 13, having more than four sexual partners, and lack of use of condoms, increase the chance of infection and cancer. Informing students about the link between risky behaviors and cancer is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality. METHODS A trend analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data between 2001 and 2019 was conducted. Results from four survey responses related to sexual risk behaviors among 9th to 12th grade in Mississippi students are compared with their US peers. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2019, favorable declines in 3 out of 4 sexual risk behaviors were observed. Declining prevalence was reported for "ever had sexual intercourse," "age of sexual initiation at age 13 or younger," and "having 4 or more sexual partners in their lifetime" are promising. However, fewer students report using condoms. The adjusted prevalence rates for Mississippi students in all 4 measures were higher than the national responses. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis supports the need for early skill-based sex education to promote health. States with increased behavioral risk among students should consider trends in data to improve education and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolann Risley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Nursing,| School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kimberly Douglas
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Nursing, Jackson, MS
| | - Masoumeh Karimi
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Nursing, Jackson, MS
| | - Jennifer Brumfield
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Gordon Gartrell
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Rodolfo Vargas
- Office of Health Data and Research, Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Nursing,| Professor, Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health,| Professor, Health Administration, School of Health Related Professions, Jackson, MS, United States
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9
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Takeda K, Risley C, Kousar A, Briley KP, Prenshaw K, Talluri R, Geisinger KR, Rebellato LM. Post‐kidney transplant cancers: Racial and ethnic differences in sun‐exposed skin versus non‐sun‐exposed anogenital skin. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7348-7355. [PMID: 36373513 PMCID: PMC10067113 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant recipients have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of developing malignancies over the general population. Cancer is the second most common cause of death for recipients. The magnitude of the risk depends on the cancer type and increases in viral-related malignancies. Skin cancer is the most common. However, data in most cancer registries is limited to cutaneous melanomas, thereby limiting the epidemiologic examination of cancer risk in non-melanoma skin cancer. Our goal was to evaluate post-kidney transplant cancer cases and sites in our population to guide screening recommendations. METHODS Between 2009 and 2015, a retrospective study of adult kidney recipients transplanted at East Carolina University was conducted. The first cancer diagnosis after transplant through February 18, 2020, was captured and analyzed. Patient demographics, cancer sites, and histological diagnoses were analyzed and compared. p16 immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate marker for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. RESULTS Retrospectively, kidney transplant recipients were analyzed (N = 439), the majority were non-Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals, 312 (71.1%), and 127 (28.9%) were non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. Of these, 59 (13.4%) developed a posttransplant malignancy, with the majority on sun-exposed skin found in NHW. NHB had all anogenital/mucosa skin cancers on non-sun-exposed skin. Of these detected in NHB, all were squamous cell carcinomas, with five out of six (83.3%) being positive for p16. CONCLUSIONS Posttransplant malignancy differed significantly by race, site, and potential source of etiology. The majority of malignancies are likely explained by acceleration of precursor lesions from prior exposure to ultraviolet rays or HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Takeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University and Vidant Medical Center Greenville North Carolina USA
| | - Carolann Risley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Cancer Center and Research Institute University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Nursing, School of Medicine Jackson Mississippi USA
| | - Aisha Kousar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University and Vidant Medical Center Greenville North Carolina USA
| | - Kimberly P. Briley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University and Vidant Medical Center Greenville North Carolina USA
| | - Karyn Prenshaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University and Vidant Medical Center Greenville North Carolina USA
| | - Rajesh Talluri
- Department of Data Science, School of Population Health University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA
| | - Kim R. Geisinger
- Walter Reed Military Medical Center The Joint Pathology Center Silver Springs Maryland USA
| | - Lorita M. Rebellato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University and Vidant Medical Center Greenville North Carolina USA
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10
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Giaquinto AN, Miller KD, Tossas KY, Winn RA, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72:202-229. [PMID: 35143040 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5-year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2-fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced-stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2-fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5-year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Giaquinto
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Y Tossas
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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