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Pyo Y, Kwon KH, Jung YJ. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Their Role in Cancer Prevention and Health Benefits. Foods 2024; 13:2253. [PMID: 39063337 PMCID: PMC11276387 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "flavonoid" encompasses a group of plant compounds, predominantly flavonoids, present in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods. These compounds deliver significant health benefits, including potent antioxidant properties that protect cells from free radicals, thereby mitigating aging and disease. We assessed study quality and bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Inclusion criteria specified that the studies must examine a natural flavonoid from fruits, must involve animal or human trials, must be original studies, and must be English articles on the flavonoid's health and cancer-prevention effects, excluding conference abstracts and single-case studies. We conducted a comprehensive search of major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, reviewing six clinical trials with total sample sizes of over 50 to 1500 participants. The results indicate that consuming flavonoid-rich fruits can aid in cancer prevention by targeting angiogenic and cancer-protective pathways. We specifically selected tomatoes, mulberries, Amazon grapes, apples, and citrus fruits due to their well-documented high levels of flavonoids and the robust clinical evidence supporting their physiological effects. In particular, citrus fruits contain additional beneficial phytochemicals that complement the action of flavonoids, enhancing their overall health effects. The anti-cancer mechanisms of flavonoids are not well-defined in the scientific literature, suggesting a gap that this study aims to address. Our study provides novel contributions by demonstrating how flavonoid supplementation induces anti-cancer effects through angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory actions, antioxidant-induced apoptosis, and modulation of pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK. These effects were particularly notable in the prevention and progression of breast, colon, liver, and lung cancers, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). By elucidating specific mechanisms and pathways, this study contributes to the understanding of flavonoids' role in cancer prevention and underscores the potential for developing natural anti-cancer therapeutics through the inclusion of flavonoid-rich fruits in the diet. Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials assessing long-term effects of flavonoid supplementation in diverse populations, exploring optimal dosages, and understanding interactions with conventional cancer therapies to provide comprehensive evidence for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Pyo
- Department of Beauty Cosmetics, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeon Ja Jung
- Department of Beauty Cosmetics, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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Liu ZX, Wang L, Fu XS, Long YQ, Zeng J, Chen GY, Zhou RB, Liu XD. Analysis of quality evaluation and optimal harvest period of Aurantii Fructus from different sources using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1221-1248. [PMID: 38639073 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The active constituents in Aurantii Fructus sourced from different regions within Hunan Province exhibit variations, with certain samples demonstrating substandard quality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and quality of Aurantii Fructus from various sources, establish a robust methodology for quality evaluation, and determine the optimal harvesting period. MATERIALS AND METHODS The components of Aurantii Fructus were qualitatively analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to identify potential markers, enabling qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the quality and optimal harvest period of Aurantii Fructus. RESULTS Overall, 155 compounds were identified in Aurantii Fructus, with Huangpi exhibiting the highest number of components. Eleven potential markers were selected to assess the quality of Aurantii Fructus. The average content of Huangpi was the highest, indicating a high level of similarity. The samples' overall scores were ordered as follows: Huangpi > Xiangcheng > Choucheng > Daidai. Anren and Changde's Huangpi exhibited high contents, being rich in chemical components, resulting in favorable scores. Similarly, Changde's Xiangcheng displayed significant medicinal value. As the harvest time was delayed, there was an increase in fruit size, accompanied by thinner peels and a continuous decrease in the contents of potential markers. The best harvest period of Aurantii Fructus was within 1 week before and after the Lesser Heat. CONCLUSION The present study establishes a precise and efficient method for evaluating the quality of Aurantii Fructus, thereby providing more comprehensive insights into its composition. This research lays the foundation for subsequent development and utilization of Aurantii Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Sen Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Qing Long
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Yu Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ri Bao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Dan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Gol-Soltani M, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Ronaghi A, Zarei M, Zeinali S, Haderlein SB. Natural solution for the remediation of multi-metal contamination: application of natural amino acids, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Micrococcus yunnanensis to increase the phytoremediation efficiency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38949066 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2372688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural amino acids (NAA) have been rarely investigated as chelators, despite their ability to chelate heavy metals (HMs). In the present research, the effects of extracted natural amino acids, as a natural and environmentally friendly chelate agent and the inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) and Micrococcus yunnanensis (MY) bacteria were investigated on some responses of quinoa in a soil polluted with Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Inoculation of PGPR bacteria enhanced plant growth and phytoremediation efficiency. Pb and Cd were higher in quinoa roots, while Ni and Zn were higher in the shoots. The highest efficiencies were observed with NAA treatment and simultaneous inoculation of PF and MY bacteria for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The highest values of phytoremediation efficiency and uptake efficiency of Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 21.28, 19.11, 14.96 and 18.99 μg g-1, and 31.52, 60.78, 51.89, and 25.33 μg g-1, respectively. Results of present study well demonstrated NAA extracted from blood powder acted as strong chelate agent due to their diversity in size, solubilizing ability, abundant functional groups, and potential in the formation of stable complexes with Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn, increasing metal availability in soil and improving phytoremediation efficiency in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ronaghi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Zeinali
- Department of Nanochemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Department of Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kim S, Lee E, Park J, Nam JO, Kim SR. Evaluating the Nutritional Composition of Unripe Citrus and Its Effect on Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Differentiation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1206-1213. [PMID: 38693048 PMCID: PMC11239423 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Citrus fruits offer a range of health benefits due to their rich nutritional profile, including vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids, and fiber. It is known that unripe citrus has higher levels of vitamin C, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and flavonoids compared to mature fruits. In this study, we assessed the nutritional components of unripe citrus peel and pressed juices, as well as their anti-obesity potential through the modulation of adipocyte differentiation and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes, specifically PPARγ and C/EBPα, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our analysis revealed that unripe citrus peel exhibited elevated levels of fiber and protein compared to pressed juice, with markedly low levels of free sugar, particularly sucrose. The content of hesperidin, a representative flavonoid in citrus fruits, was 3,157.6 mg/kg in unripe citrus peel and 455.5 mg/kg in pressed juice, indicating that it was approximately seven times higher in unripe citrus peel compared to pressed juice. Moreover, we observed that the peel had a dose-dependently inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation, which was linked to a significant downregulation of adipogenesis-related gene expression. Thus, our findings suggest that unripe citrus possesses anti-obesity effects by impeding adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, with the peel demonstrating a more pronounced effect compared to pressed juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Zhang S, Liu Z, Xu X, Zhao R, Zhang S, Luo R. Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Metabolites Important for Antioxidant Properties and Quality Traits in Different Fruit Parts of Aurantii Fructus Immatures. Molecules 2024; 29:1733. [PMID: 38675553 PMCID: PMC11051935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Aurantii Fructus Immatures (AFIs) have been utilized for more than 2000 years. The proportions of different fruit parts are crucial for evaluating AFI quality in China. However, the basis for this statement's substance is unclear. Differences in quality are intimately correlated with a plant's metabolite composition. On the basis of a widely targeted metabolome, this study intended to investigate the metabolite composition and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the peel and pulp of an AFI. Metabolites were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. To assess their antioxidant ability, DPPH and ABTS assays were carried out. There were 1327 chemical compounds identified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. After screening the differential metabolites using a multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were 695 significant differences in the metabolites between the peel and the pulp. Among them, it was discovered that the content of active ingredients in the peel group was higher than that in the pulp group. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts from the peel showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those from the pulp. The metabolites and antioxidant capacities were significantly different between the peel and the pulp. This study of different fruit parts might provide a guide for AFI quality assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Núñez-Gómez V, Jesús Periago M, Luis Ordóñez-Díaz J, Pereira-Caro G, Manuel Moreno-Rojas J, González-Barrio R. Dietary fibre fractions rich in (poly)phenols from orange by-products and their metabolisation by in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113718. [PMID: 38225107 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Orange peel is an interesting by-product because of its composition, particularly its dietary fibre and flavanones. The aim of this work was to extract different fibre fractions from orange peel to obtain potential added-value ingredients and evaluate how the presence of fibre may interfere with (poly)phenol metabolism. Using an aqueous extraction, as a green extraction method, an insoluble fibre fraction (IFF) and a water-soluble extract (WSE) were obtained. Those fractions were analysed to determine the proximate and dietary fibre composition, hydration properties, (poly)phenol composition and antioxidant capacity, comparing the results with the orange peel (OP). The IFF presented the highest content of insoluble dietary fibre and the WSE showed the highest content of (poly)phenols, these being mainly flavanones. An in vitro faecal fermentation was carried out to evaluate the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate as prebiotic indicators; the IFF gave the highest production, derived from the greater presence of dietary fibre. Moreover, catabolites from (poly)phenol metabolism were also analysed, phenylpropanoic acids being the major ones, followed by phenylacetic acids and benzoic acids. These catabolites were found in higher quantities in WSE, because of the greater presence of (poly)phenols in its composition. IFF also showed a significant production of these catabolites, which was delayed by the greater presence of fibre. These results reveal that the new ingredients, obtained by an environmentally friendly water extraction procedure, could be used for the development of new foods with enhanced nutritional and healthy properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Núñez-Gómez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz
- Area of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Area of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Area of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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Wang S, Lei T, Liu L, Tan Z. CO 2-responsive deep eutectic solvents for the enhanced extraction of hesperidin from Fertile orange peel. Food Chem 2024; 432:137255. [PMID: 37643516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin, also known as vitamin P, is widely studied for its distinctive potential in food and pharmaceutical industries. This work focuses on the research of CO2-responsive deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used as recyclable extractants for efficient extraction of hesperidin from Fertile orange peel. Reversible phase transformation of DES solution was achieved by bubbling CO2/N2. The maximum extraction yield of 22.39 mg/g was obtained for hesperidin under the following conditions: DES-6 (triethanolamine: 4-methoxyphenol = 1:1) used as extractant, water content of 35 wt%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:60 g/mL, extraction temperature of 25 °C, and ultrasonic time of 25 min, which was much higher than that extracted by methanol. Hesperidin of 74.38% was recovered in top phase after CO2 triggering. Density function theory (DFT) results indicated that hydrogen and π-π bonds were the main factors affecting hesperidin extraction. This study provides a new idea for extracting natural bioactive compounds using recyclable extractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China
| | - Tian Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
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Rao MJ, Feng B, Ahmad MH, Tahir ul Qamar M, Aslam MZ, Khalid MF, Hussain S, Zhong R, Ali Q, Xu Q, Ma C, Wang L. LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach identified novel antioxidant flavonoids associated with drought tolerance in citrus species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150854. [PMID: 37636085 PMCID: PMC10450343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are cultivated around the world, and they face drought stress frequently during their growth and development. Previous studies showed that citrus plants biosynthesized flavonoid compounds in response to abiotic stress. In this study, we have quantified 37 flavonoid compounds from the leaves of three distinct citrus species including sour orange (drought-tolerant), pummelo 'Majia you pummelo' (drought-sensitive), and lemon (drought-sensitive). The 37 flavonoids consisted of 12 flavones, 10 flavonols, 6 flavanones, 5 isoflavanones, and 1 each for chalcone, flavanol, flavanonol, and flavone glycoside. Drought stress differentially altered the flavonoid metabolism in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive citrus species. The kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside was 17-fold higher in sour orange (124.41 nmol/L) after 18 days of drought stress than lemon (7.33 nmol/L). In sour orange, neohesperidin (69.49 nmol/L) was 1,407- and 37-fold higher than pummelo and lemon, respectively. In sour orange, some flavonoids were significantly increased, such as vitexin, neohesperidin, cynaroside, hyperoside, genistin, kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside, eriocitrin, and luteolin, in response to drought stress, whereas in lemon, these flavonoids were significantly decreased or not altered significantly in response to drought stress. Moreover, the total contents of flavonoids and antioxidant activity were increased in sour orange as compared with pummelo and lemon. The genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis (PAL, CHI, FLS, GT1, F3H, F3'M, C4H, 4CL, FLS, FG2, FG3, and CYP81E1) were more highly expressed in sour orange leaves than in pummelo and lemon after drought stress. These outcomes showed that pummelo and lemon failed to biosynthesize antioxidant flavonoids to cope with the prolonged drought stress, whereas the sour orange biosynthesized fortified flavonoid compounds with increased antioxidant activity to detoxify the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species produced during drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Husnain Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Aslam
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Fasih Khalid
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
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Wang Z, Mei X, Chen X, Rao S, Ju T, Li J, Yang Z. Extraction and recovery of bioactive soluble phenolic compounds from brocade orange (Citrus sinensis) peels: Effect of different extraction methods thereon. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Peng M, Gao Z, Liao Y, Guo J, Shan Y. Development of Citrus-Based Functional Jelly and an Investigation of Its Anti-Obesity and Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122418. [PMID: 36552627 PMCID: PMC9774387 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervention with natural products is becoming a promising obesity control strategy as healthy eating becomes increasingly popular. The present study aimed to prepare a citrus-based functional jelly (CFJ) from citrus by-products and investigate its bioactive effects in mice. The results of the CFJ preparation showed that the optimal formula of CFJ was 29.12%, 20%, and 3.61% for chenpi, orange juice, and pectin, respectively. The optimized CFJ can be personalized and designed with jelly shapes using 3D food printing technology. The evaluation of the biological activity of the CFJ showed that it was low in calories, with a total phenolic content of 12.44 ± 0.26 mg GAE/g. Moreover, the CFJ has a good free radical scavenging ability for ABTS. The results of the mouse experiments showed that the CFJ significantly suppressed the body weight gain and fat deposits with a dose-dependent effect, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the activities of the antioxidant-related enzymes (CAT and SOD) of the mice were also enhanced after a supplementation with the CFJ. In short, the CFJ is a functional snack enriched in phenolic substances with low-calorie, antioxidant and anti-obesity properties. This work promotes the utilization of citrus by-products and the healthy development of its processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Peng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanfang Liao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiajing Guo
- International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.S.)
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11
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Wang Z, Yang B, Chen X, Huang P, Chen K, Ma Y, Agarry IE, Kan J. Optimization and comparison of nonconventional extraction techniques for soluble phenolic compounds from brocade orange (
Citrus sinensis
) peels. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4917-4929. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
- School of Food Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Baoding Hebei PR China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
| | - Pimiao Huang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing) Ministry of Agriculture Chongqing PR China
| | - Yuan Ma
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu PR China
| | | | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing) Ministry of Agriculture Chongqing PR China
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12
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Clifford MN, King LJ, Kerimi A, Pereira-Caro MG, Williamson G. Metabolism of phenolics in coffee and plant-based foods by canonical pathways: an assessment of the role of fatty acid β-oxidation to generate biologically-active and -inactive intermediates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3326-3383. [PMID: 36226718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ω-Phenyl-alkenoic acids are abundant in coffee, fruits, and vegetables. Along with ω-phenyl-alkanoic acids, they are produced from numerous dietary (poly)phenols and aromatic amino acids in vivo. This review addresses how phenyl-ring substitution and flux modulates their gut microbiota and endogenous β-oxidation. 3',5'-Dihydroxy-derivatives (from alkyl-resorcinols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins), and 4'-hydroxy-phenolic acids (from tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, naringenin) are β-oxidation substrates yielding benzoic acids. In contrast, 3',4',5'-tri-substituted-derivatives, 3',4'-dihydroxy-derivatives and 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-derivatives (from coffee, tea, cereals, many fruits and vegetables) are poor β-oxidation substrates with metabolism diverted via gut microbiota dehydroxylation, phenylvalerolactone formation and phase-2 conjugation, possibly a strategy to conserve limited pools of coenzyme A. 4'-Methoxy-derivatives (citrus fruits) or 3',4'-dimethoxy-derivatives (coffee) are susceptible to hepatic "reverse" hydrogenation suggesting incompatibility with enoyl-CoA-hydratase. Gut microbiota-produced 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-derivatives (citrus fruits) and 3'-hydroxy-derivatives (numerous (poly)phenols) are excreted as the phenyl-hydracrylic acid β-oxidation intermediate suggesting incompatibility with hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, albeit with considerable inter-individual variation. Further investigation is required to explain inter-individual variation, factors determining the amino acid to which C6-C3 and C6-C1 metabolites are conjugated, the precise role(s) of l-carnitine, whether glycine might be limiting, and whether phenolic acid-modulation of β-oxidation explains how phenolic acids affect key metabolic conditions, such as fatty liver, carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Laurence J King
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Maria Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health, Instituto Andaluz de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria Pesquera Alimentaria y de la Produccion Ecologica, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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13
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Nimer RM, Khabour OF, Swedan SF, Kofahi HM. Effect of natural products use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization: A self-reported cross-sectional survey study. F1000Res 2022; 11:639. [PMID: 35919098 PMCID: PMC9294495 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121933.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using available resources is essential to reduce the health burden of disease. The severity of COVID-19 is affected by nutritional status. In this study the effect of natural product use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization was explored. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Between March and July 2021, a self-administered survey was conducted in Jordan. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 and were ≥18 years old were the study population. Study measures included the use of natural products, COVID-19 severity, and hospitalization status. A multivariate regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results:
The mean age (mean ± SD) of the study sample (n=2,148) was 40.25 ± 15.58 years old. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the regular intake of carnation (OR [0.56], CI [0.37–0.85]), onion (OR [0.69], CI [0.52–0.92]), lemon (OR [0.68], CI [0.51–0.90]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.66], CI [0.50–0.89]) before infection were associated with a substantial reduction in COVID-19 severity (P<0.01). Also, the consumption of carnation (OR [0.55], CI [0.34–0.88]), lemon (OR [0.57], CI [0.42–0.78]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.61], CI [0.44–0.84]) were associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of COVID-19-induced hospitalization (P<0.01). Conclusions: Regular consumption of carnation, lemon, and citrus fruits before infection was associated with better outcomes for COVID-19. Studies on other populations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat M. Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Samer F. Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hassan M. Kofahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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14
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Iampanichakul M, Poasakate A, Potue P, Rattanakanokchai S, Maneesai P, Prachaney P, Settheetham-Ishida W, Pakdeechote P. Nobiletin resolves left ventricular and renal changes in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9289. [PMID: 35662276 PMCID: PMC9166784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of nobiletin on cardiorenal changes and the underlying mechanisms involved in two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertension. 2K-1C rats were treated with nobiletin (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) or losartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). Nobiletin (30 mg/kg) reduced high levels of blood pressure and circulating angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in 2K-1C rats. Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodelling in 2K-1C rats were alleviated in the nobiletin-treated group (P < 0.05). Nobiletin reduced the upregulation of Ang II type I receptor (AT1R)/JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) protein expression in cardiac tissue of 2K-1C rats (P < 0.05). The reduction in kidney function, and accumulation of renal fibrosis in 2K-1C rats were alleviated by nobiletin (P < 0.05). Overexpression of AT1R and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) protein in nonclipped kidney tissue was suppressed in the nobiletin-treated group (P < 0.05). The elevations in oxidative stress parameters and the reductions in antioxidant enzymes were attenuated in 2K-1C rats treated with nobiletin (P < 0.05). In summary, nobiletin had renin-angiotensin system inhibitory and antioxidant effects and attenuated LV dysfunction and remodelling via restoration of the AT1R/JAK/STAT pathway. Nobiletin also resolved renal damage that was related to modulation of the AT1R/Nox4 cascade in 2K-1C hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metee Iampanichakul
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Anuson Poasakate
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Siwayu Rattanakanokchai
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Wannapa Settheetham-Ishida
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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15
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Kim SS, Kim HJ, Park KJ, Kang SB, Park Y, Han SG, Kim M, Song YH, Kim DS. Metabolomic Profiling of Citrus unshiu during Different Stages of Fruit Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070967. [PMID: 35406947 PMCID: PMC9002680 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits undergo significant metabolic profile changes during their development process. However, limited information is available on the changes in the metabolites of Citrus unshiu during fruit development. Here, we analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles in C. unshiu fruit flesh during different stages of fruit development and evaluated their correlations. The TPC and antioxidant activity significantly decreased during fruit development, whereas the TCC increased. The metabolite profiles, including sugars, acidic compounds, amino acids, flavonoids, limonoids, carotenoids, and volatile compounds (mono- and sesquiterpenes), in C. unshiu fruit flesh also changed significantly, and a citrus metabolomic pathway related to fruit development was proposed. Based on the data, C. unshiu fruit development was classified into three groups: Group 1 (Aug. 1), Group 2 (Aug. 31 and Sep. 14), and Group 3 (Oct. 15 and Nov. 16). Although citrus peel was not analyzed and the sensory and functional qualities during fruit development were not investigated, the results of this study will help in our understanding of the changes in chemical profile during citrus fruit development. This can provide vital information for various applications in the C. unshiu industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Suk Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Kyung Jin Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Seok Beom Kang
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - YoSup Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Seong-Gab Han
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Misun Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Yeong Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Dong-Shin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2555
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16
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Distribution and natural variation of free, esterified, glycosylated, and insoluble-bound phenolic compounds in brocade orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peel. Food Res Int 2022; 153:110958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Chao Y, Tan EY, Ma S, Chen B, Liu M, Wang K, Yang W, Wei M, Zheng G. Dynamic variation of the phytochemical and volatile compounds in the pericarp of Citrus reticulata ''Chachi'' (Rutaceae) during 2 years of storage. J Food Sci 2021; 87:153-164. [PMID: 34953087 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pericarp of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" (CRCP) is used as nutritional food and traditional medicine in China, usually harvested at three periods, namely, immature (CRCP-G1), semi-mature (CRCP-G2), and fully mature (CRCP-G3). Traditionally, if the CRCP is stored for a longer period, then the quality will be better. In this study, the dynamic variation of phytochemical and volatile compounds was profiled in the same batches of CRCP during 2 years of storage. Results illustrated that most of the phytochemical compounds showed a decreasing trend during storage, that is, total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, hesperidin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone, synephrine, and limonin. The ferulic acid increased significantly, whereas no significant changes were observed in the total polymethoxyflavones, nobiletin, and tangeretin after 2 years of storage. In addition, we found that the extraction yield of volatile oil decreased significantly in CRCP-G1 during storage, and the herb odors were enhanced with the increase of phenols and esters. No significant difference in the extraction yield of volatile oil of CRCP-G2 and CRCP-G3 was found after 2 years of storage, but the citrus-like notes were increased with the promoted generation of alkenes. In particular, the multivariate statistical analysis indicated that 7 volatiles showed a higher level after 1 year of storage, whereas 11 volatiles decreased and 4 volatiles increased after 2 years of storage, respectively. This study could show the early aging mechanism of CRCP harvested at different periods and provide a scientific guidance in the storage of CRCP. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study indicated a comprehensive method for rapid analysis of phytochemical and volatile compounds in pericarp of Citrus reticulata ''Chachi'' (Rutaceae) (CRCP) harvested at different periods during 2 years of storage. The results obtained from this study would be valuable for revealing the early aging mechanism and sustainable storage of CRCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Chao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - E-Yu Tan
- Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Ma
- Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Hou J, Liang L, Su M, Yang T, Mao X, Wang Y. Variations in phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of navel orange at different growth stages. Food Chem 2021; 360:129980. [PMID: 33984563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Ripe navel orange has abundant amounts of phenolic compounds. Few studies monitored changes in these compounds during ripening. In this study, the effects of navel orange maturation on dynamic changes in antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic acids were investigated. Five growth stages of navel orange were studied, and nine phenolic acids were detected via high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS). Results showed that antioxidant activity, TFC and TPC decreased gradually with fruit ripening. The concentrations of most phenolic acids also declined during fruit maturation, except for free fractions of sinapic acid and bound fractions of ferulic and caffeic acids. Ferulic acid was the most dominant of all phenolic acids at all growth stages. Partial least-squares showed significant differences among fruits of different maturities. A significant correlation between antioxidant capacity, TPC, TFC and some phenolic acids was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuejin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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19
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Nateghpour B, Kavoosi G, Mirakhorli N. Amino acid profile of the peel of three citrus species and its effect on the combination of amino acids and fatty acids Chlorella vulgaris. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Bellavite P, Donzelli A. Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E742. [PMID: 32823497 PMCID: PMC7465267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many approaches to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention, the possible role of nutrition has so far been rather underestimated. Foods are very rich in substances, with a potential beneficial effect on health, and some of these could have an antiviral action or be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of citrus fruits, and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin and flavonoid content. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The binding energy of hesperidin to these important components is lower than that of lopinavir, ritonavir, and indinavir, suggesting that it could perform an effective antiviral action. Furthermore, both hesperidin and ascorbic acid counteract the cell damaging effects of the oxygen free radicals triggered by virus infection and inflammation. There is discussion about the preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at the dose achievable by the diet, but recent reviews suggest that this substance can be useful in the case of strong immune system burden caused by viral disease. Computational methods and laboratory studies support the need to undertake apposite preclinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies on the potential benefits of citrus fruit components for the prevention of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Donzelli
- Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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