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Chrysargyris A, Petrovic JD, Tomou EM, Kyriakou K, Xylia P, Kotsoni A, Gkretsi V, Miltiadous P, Skaltsa H, Soković MD, Tzortzakis N. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Plant Extracts from Aromatic Plants Cultivated in Cyprus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:45. [PMID: 38248476 PMCID: PMC10813336 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants' properties, still an interesting research area, are attributed to the presence of various specialized products that possess important pharmacological activities. In the present study, six medicinal/aromatic plants (Sideritis cypria, Origanum dubium, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Thymus capitatus, and Salvia fruticosa) were evaluated for their phytochemical and nutritive composition, as well as their biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. The results obtained indicate that M. piperita was rich in proteins and minerals such as N and Mg, while S. cypria accumulated more K, Na, P, and Ca. The highest content of phenols and flavonoids was observed in M. piperita, followed by O. dubium and T. capitatus, which eventually influenced their high antioxidant capacity. NMR screening revealed the presence of (i) triterpenoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in M. officinalis; (ii) terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acid derivatives in S. fruticosa; (iii) flavonoids and phenolic acid derivatives in M. piperita; (iv) phenolic monoterpenes in O. dubium and T. capitatus; and (v) terpenoids, flavones, and phenylethanoid glycosides in S. cypria. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the tested samples overall had quite good antimicrobial potential. High antibacterial activity was found in O. dubium and T. capitatus, while O. dubium and S. cypria exhibited great antifungal activities. The studied species also had an important effect on the viability of female-derived and colon cancer cells. In particular, in colon cancer cells, the extracts from T. capitatus, M. officinalis, M. piperita, and S. fruticosa exhibited a stronger effect on cell viability in the more metastatic cell line at significantly lower concentrations, indicating an important therapeutic potential in targeting highly metastatic tumors. This finding is worth further investigation. The present study unveiled interesting phytochemical profiles and biological properties of the six medicinal/aromatic plants, which should be further explored, contributing to green chemistry and the possible creation of natural health products for humans' health/nutrition and additives in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Jovana D. Petrovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.D.P.)
| | - Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalia Kyriakou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3041, Cyprus; (K.K.)
| | - Panayiota Xylia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Andria Kotsoni
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (A.K.); (V.G.)
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (A.K.); (V.G.)
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Panagiota Miltiadous
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3041, Cyprus; (K.K.)
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Marina D. Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.D.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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Çarıkçı S, Kılıç T, Gören AC, Dirmenci T, Alim Toraman GÖ, Topçu G. Chemical profile of the Anatolian Sideritis species with bioactivity studies. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1484-1511. [PMID: 37990887 PMCID: PMC11001281 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2280253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The genus Sideritis L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 46 species in Turkey with an 79% endemism ratio, 42 of 46 belonging to the section Empodoclia. OBJECTIVE In this review article, Sideritis species growing in Turkey have been evaluated for phytochemical constituents and biological activities. METHODS The data for the isolates, components and extracts of the Anatolian Sideritis species and their bioactivity studies were retrieved from the main databases WoS, Scopus and PubMed from 1975 until 31 December 2022. RESULTS In this review article, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and other secondary metabolites isolated from Turkish Sideritis species were reported. Anatolian Sideritis species, which primarily consist of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were studied in detail. Sideritis plants are represented by 46 species in Turkey, and 25 of them were investigated for their diterpenoids through isolation or LC-MS studies. Most of the diterpenoids of Turkish Sideritis species have ent-kaurene skeleton, among them linearol, siderol, 7-epicandicandiol and sideridiol were found to be the main compounds. Exceptionally, labdane, pimarane and beyerene diterpenoids were only found in a few species. For phenolics and flavonoids, only 12 species were investigated until now, and they were found to be rich in phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides. In terms of activity, most of the species were tested for antioxidant activity, followed by antimicrobial and anti-ulcer/anti-inflammatory activities. Their cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antinociceptive and antistress activities were less frequently studied. CONCLUSIONS Sideritis species should be considered promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of upper respiratory tract and ulcer/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Çarıkçı
- Vocational School, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turgut Kılıç
- Department of Science Education, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet C. Gören
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Dirmenci
- Department of Biology Education, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | | | - Gülaçtı Topçu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center (DARC), Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tomou EM, Bieler L, Spöttl T, Couillard-Despres S, Skaltsa H, Urmann C. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Different Sideritis Taxa Infusions and Their Neurogenic Activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1087-1096. [PMID: 37044130 DOI: 10.1055/a-2072-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, Sideritis extracts were shown to improve memory. However, their potential to promote the generation of new neurons, starting with the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells, remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the neurogenic effects of different Sideritis infusions in neural stem and precursor cells and their impact on cell viability. Moreover, the metabolic fingerprints were recorded using LC-DAD, LC-HRESIMS, and GC-MS. The neurogenic potential of infusions of the eight Sideritis taxa tested was as potent as the classical neuronal inducer combination of retinoic acid and valproic acid. Further cytotoxicity assays revealed that the IC50 values of the extracts were between 163 and 322 µg/mL. Hierarchical cluster analyses of the metabolic fingerprints unveiled that the two Sideritis taxa with the lowest IC50 values were the most divergent in the analytical techniques used. As the analysis focused on polyphenols, it is reasonable to assume that these compounds are responsible for the effect on the cell viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. This study is the first report on the neurogenic potential of Sideritis taxa and might support the use of Sideritis herbal preparations in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Section of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Spöttl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Section of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
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Giannakopoulou M, Dimitriadis K, Koromili M, Zoi V, Vartholomatos E, Galani V, Kyritsis AP, Alexiou GA, Lazari D. Siderol Inhibits Proliferation of Glioblastoma Cells and Acts Synergistically with Temozolomide. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123216. [PMID: 36551972 PMCID: PMC9775304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in adults with dismal prognosis. Currently, the therapeutic interventions include gross total resection, when possible, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, despite treatment, tumor usually recurs within 7-9 months. The presence of glioma cells with stem-like properties and tumor's heterogeneity have been identified as the most important factors driving recurrence. Recently, research efforts have been focused on the use of natural substances as treatment for GBM. Siderol is an ent-kaurane diterpenoid, isolated from the genus Sideritis. Sideritis extracts have already been investigated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the antitumoral effects of siderol in GBM T98 and U87 cell lines, as well as the effects of combined treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. Different concentrations of siderol were used in order to calculate the IC50 values at 72 h after treatment. Flow cytometry used for the DNA cell cycle analysis after treatment with siderol in concentrations of IC50 and twice the IC50 values for 72 h. Furthermore, the effect of siderol in cell's migratory ability was tested using wound healing assay. Cell viability and proliferation, after combined treatment with siderol and TMZ, also were evaluated with the trypan blue exclusion assay and the effects of the combination treatment were analyzed with CompuSyn software. Treatment with siderol significantly reduced cell viability in T98 and U87 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and IC50 values were calculated, 18 μM and 13 μM, respectively. Moreover, siderol induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the migration in both cell lines. In addition, siderol and TMZ seem to have synergistic action in the majority of tested concentrations in both T98 and U87 cells. In conclusion, siderol may represent an innovative strategy for the treatment of GBM, and further studies are needed on siderol's efficacy and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiriakos Dimitriadis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Division of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Koromili
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Division of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zoi
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Galani
- Department of Anatomy Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanassios P. Kyritsis
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2651007220
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Division of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Frezza C, De Vita D, Toniolo C, Sciubba F, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Bianco A, Serafini M, Foddai S. Leucosceptosides A and B: Two Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides with Important Occurrence and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1807. [PMID: 36551235 PMCID: PMC9775335 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review paper, the occurrence in the plant kingdom, the chemophenetic value and the biological activities associated with two specific phenyl-ethanoid glycosides, i.e., leucosceptoside A and leucosceptoside B, were reported. This is the first work ever conducted on such a subject. Analysis of the literature data clearly led to three important conclusions: leucosceptoside A is much more common in plants than leucosceptoside B; leucosceptoside A exerts more biological activities than leucosceptoside B even if nothing can be generally concluded about which one is actually the most potent; neither of these compounds can be used as a chemophenetic marker. These three aspects and more are discussed in more depth in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- NMR Lab, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lamberto Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Foddai
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Dimaki VD, Zeliou K, Nakka F, Stavreli M, Bakratsas I, Papaioannou L, Iatrou G, Lamari FN. Characterization of Sideritis clandestina subsp. peloponnesiaca Polar Glycosides and Phytochemical Comparison to Other Mountain Tea Populations. Molecules 2022; 27:7613. [PMID: 36364439 PMCID: PMC9658581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sideritis clandestina (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek subsp. peloponnesiaca (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden (SCP) is endemic to the mountains of the Northern Peloponnese (Greece). This and other Sideritis taxa, collectively known as mountain tea, are widely ingested as beverages for refreshment or medicinal purposes. We describe a methodology for the characterization of SCP. Four iridoid glycosides (monomelittoside, melittoside, ajugoside, and 7-O-acetyl-8-epiloganic acid), two phenolic acid glycosides (vanillic and salicylic acid glycosides), and three caffeoyl ester glycosides (chlorogenic acid, verbascoside, and isoverbascoside) were isolated from SCP for the first time. We used ultrasound-assisted extraction of 3 g of plant material to produce petroleum ether and aqueous extracts, which we then analyzed using GC/MS and LC/MS. This was applied to eight samples from four different taxa. In total, 70 volatile and 27 polar metabolites were determined. The S. clandestina samples had a lower phenolic content and weaker antioxidant properties than S. raeseri and S. scardica. However, S. clandestina ssp. clandestina seemed to be the most aromatic taxon, with almost double the number of volatiles as the others. Τhis study could contribute to authentication and chemotaxonomic studies of Sideritis taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia D. Dimaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Zeliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini Nakka
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michaela Stavreli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bakratsas
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ligeri Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Gregoris Iatrou
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini N. Lamari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Phytochemical Composition and Cytoprotective Properties of the Endemic Sideritis sipylea Boiss Greek Species: A Valorization Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080987. [PMID: 36015136 PMCID: PMC9414158 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sideritis sipylea Boiss. (Fam. Lamiaceae) is an endemic plant of the North Aegean Islands (Greece), commonly known as ironwort. Traditionally, its aerial parts have been used to relieve several ailments, especially gastrointestinal disorders, however, with scant knowledge about the pharmacological basis. In the present study, an endemic S. sipylea Greek species from Lesvos Island has been characterized for phytochemical composition and biological activities, in order to give a possible scientific basis to its traditional use and to highlight a further nutraceutical interest as a source of bioactive phytochemicals and extracts. Three different fractions obtained from a methanolic extract of S. sipylea aerial parts by using ethyl acetate with 10 (S10), 20 (S20), and 50% (S50) methanol as fractionation solvents were phytochemically characterized. Moreover, their antioxidant power and cytoprotective activity in different human cell lines were evaluated. The phytochemical analysis highlighted the presence of flavonoids, iridoids, and phenolic acids in all the tested samples. Particularly, the S10 fraction mainly contained iridoids, while S20 and S50 lavandulifolioside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. The fractions also showed antioxidant properties, S10 and S20 being the most potent. When assessed in human cholangiocytes, they counteracted the cytotoxicity of the tBOOH pro-oxidant agent, by reducing ROS levels and affecting GSH antioxidant system. The present findings highlight a possible interest in S10 and S20 fractions from S. sipylea as sources of bioactive molecules and stimulate further studies in order to characterize their possible application for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Tomou EM, Lytra K, Chrysargyris A, Christofi MD, Miltiadous P, Corongiu GL, Tziouvelis M, Tzortzakis N, Skaltsa H. Polar constituents, biological effects and nutritional value of Sideritis sipylea Boiss. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4200-4204. [PMID: 34498964 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1969649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the polar constituents and biological effects of the methanol extract and the infusion of wild Sideritis sipylea Boiss. from Samos island (Greece), as well as on the nutritional and mineral contents of this plant. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were examined. In addition, the anti-acetylcholinesterase property was evaluated, revealing strictly lower results than the control, galanthamine. Furthermore, the nutritional value of the plant is reported herein for the first time, revealing a promising source of protein. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work on the infusion of this species and the nutritional value of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Krystalia Lytra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Dolores Christofi
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Panagiota Miltiadous
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Gian Luca Corongiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Tziouvelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Anti-Ageing Potential of S. euboea Heldr. Phenolics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113151. [PMID: 34070495 PMCID: PMC8198620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of Sideritis species as bioactive agents is increasing exponentially. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents, as well as the anti-ageing potential of the cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr. The chemical fingerprinting of the ethyl acetate residue of this plant was studied using 1D and 2D-NMR spectra. Isomeric compounds belonging to acylated flavone derivatives and phenylethanoid glycosides were detected in the early stage of the experimental process through 2D-NMR techniques. Overall, thirty-three known compounds were isolated and identified. Some of them are reported for the first time not only in S. euboea, but also in genus Sideritis L. The anti-ageing effect of the ethyl acetate residue and the isolated specialized products was assessed as anti-hyaluronidase activity. In silico docking simulation revealed the interactions of the isolated compounds with hyaluronidase. Furthermore, the in vitro study on the inhibition of hyaluronidase unveiled the potent inhibitory properties of ethyl acetate residue and apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. Though, the isomers of apigenin 7-O-p-coumaroyl-glucosides and also the 4′-methyl-hypolaetin 7-O-[6′′′-O-acetyl-β-d-allopyranosyl]-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside exerted moderate hyaluronidase inhibition. This research represents the first study to report on the anti-hyaluronidase activity of Sideritis species, confirming its anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-ageing effects and its importance as an agent for cosmetic formulations as also anticancer potential.
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