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Agarwal HK, Janicek R, Zhao J, Sambath K, Egger M, Niggli E, Ellis-Davies GCR. The yin and yang of intracellular delivery of amphipathic optical probes using n-butyl charge masking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2826-2829. [PMID: 35112125 PMCID: PMC9502023 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring and manipulation of ionized intracellular calcium concentrations within intact, living cells using optical probes with organic chromophores is a core method for cell physiology. Since all these probes have multiple negative charges, they must be smuggled through the plasma membrane in a transiently neutral form, with intracellular esterases used to deprotect the masked anions. Here we explore the ability of the synthetically easily accessible n-butyl ester protecting group to deliver amphipathic cargoes to the cytosol. We show that the size of the caging chromophore conditions the ability of intracellular probe delivery and esterase charge unmasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh K. Agarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.,School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, GA 31406, USA
| | | | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Karthik Sambath
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Marcel Egger
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Matinkhoo K, Pryyma A, Wong AAWL, Perrin DM. Synthesis and evaluation of " Ama-Flash", a photocaged amatoxin prodrug for light-activated RNA Pol II inhibition and cell death. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9558-9561. [PMID: 34477193 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amanitin is used extensively as a research tool to inhibit RNA Pol II thereby implicating its role in mRNA transcription. Recently, amanitin has gained traction as a toxic payload for targeted therapy. Here we report the first-ever photocaged amanitin analog, that is non-toxic and can be pre-loaded into cells. Light provides a means to inhibit RNA Pol II and provoke cell death on-demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Matinkhoo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Alla Pryyma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Antonio A W L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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3
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Ryan LS, Nakatsuka A, Lippert AR. Photoactivatable 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminophores. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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4
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Photoactivatable fluorescent probes for spatiotemporal-controlled biosensing and imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Light-triggered release of photocaged therapeutics - Where are we now? J Control Release 2019; 298:154-176. [PMID: 30742854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current available therapeutics face several challenges such as the development of ideal drug delivery systems towards the goal of personalized treatments for patients benefit. The application of light as an exogenous activation mechanism has shown promising outcomes, owning to the spatiotemporal confinement of the treatment in the vicinity of the diseased tissue, which offers many intriguing possibilities. Engineering therapeutics with light responsive moieties have been explored to enhance the bioavailability, and drug efficacy either in vitro or in vivo. The tailor-made character turns the so-called photocaged compounds highly desirable to reduce the side effects of drugs and, therefore, have received wide research attention. Herein, we seek to highlight the potential of photocaged compounds to obtain a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind its use in therapeutic delivery. A deep overview on the progress achieved in the design, fabrication as well as current and possible future applications in therapeutics of photocaged compounds is provided, so that novel formulations for biomedical field can be designed.
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7
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Magill BA, Guo X, Peck CL, Reyes RL, See EM, Santos WL, Robinson HD. Multi-photon patterning of photoactive o-nitrobenzyl ligands bound to gold surfaces. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:30-44. [PMID: 30346005 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We quantitatively investigate lithographic patterning of a thiol-anchored self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl ligands on gold through a multi-photon absorption process at 1.7 eV (730 nm wavelength). The photocleaving rate increases faster than the square of the incident light intensity, indicating a process more complex than simple two-photon absorption. We tentatively ascribe this observation to two-photon absorption that triggers the formation of a long-lived intermediate aci-nitro species whose decomposition yield is partially determined either by absorption of additional photons or by a local temperature that is elevated by the incident light. At the highest light intensities, thermal processes compete with photoactivation and lead to damage of the SAM. The threshold is high enough that this destructive process can largely be avoided, even while power densities are kept sufficiently large that complete photoactivation takes place on time scales of tens of seconds to a few minutes. This means that this type of ligand can be activated at visible and near infrared wavelengths where plasmonic resonances can easily be engineered in metal nanostructures, even though their single-photon reactivity at these wavelengths is negligible. This will allow selective functionalization of plasmon hotspots, which in addition to high resolution lithographic applications would be of benefit to applications such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and plasmonic photocatalysis as well as directed bottom-up nanoassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden A Magill
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Cheryl L Peck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Roberto L Reyes
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Erich M See
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Hans D Robinson
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Tran C, Berqouch N, Dhimane H, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Ogden D, Dalko PI. Quinoline-Derived Two-Photon Sensitive Quadrupolar Probes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1860-1868. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tran
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Nawel Berqouch
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Hamid Dhimane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255); Bâtiment A12, 351, Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255); Bâtiment A12, 351, Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - David Ogden
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Peter I. Dalko
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes; 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
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Hwang L, Guardado-Alvarez TM, Ayaz-Gunner S, Ge Y, Jin S. A Family of Photolabile Nitroveratryl-Based Surfactants That Self-Assemble into Photodegradable Supramolecular Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3963-9. [PMID: 27046005 PMCID: PMC4955541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a family of photolabile nitroveratryl-based surfactants that form different types of supramolecular structures depending on the alkyl chain lengths ranging from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. By incorporating a photocleavable α-methyl-o-nitroveratryl moiety, the surfactants can be degraded, along with their corresponding supramolecular structures, by light irradiation in a controlled manner. The self-assembly of the amphiphilic surfactants was characterized by conductometry to determine the critical concentration for the formation of the supramolecular structures, transmission electron microscopy to determine the size and shape of the supramolecular structures, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the hydrodynamic diameter of the structures in aqueous solutions. The photodegradation of the surfactants and the supramolecular structures was confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and DLS. This surfactant family could be potentially useful in drug delivery, organic synthesis, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leekyoung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | | | - Serife Ayaz-Gunner
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
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10
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Cueto Díaz EJ, Picard S, Chevasson V, Daniel J, Hugues V, Mongin O, Genin E, Blanchard-Desce M. Cooperative dyads for two-photon uncaging. Org Lett 2014; 17:102-5. [PMID: 25522917 DOI: 10.1021/ol5033046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of dyads that combine a photolabile protecting group (PPG) 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl and different bis-donor or bis-acceptor dissymmetric chromophores acting as two-photon (2P) absorbers were synthesized. Even for low energy transfer efficiency from the 2PA subunit to the uncaging one, improvement of the 2P uncaging sensitivity in the NIR is achieved as compared to isolated PPG. Moreover enhancement of the 2PA response is achieved by tuning the electronic dissymmetry of the 2PA subunit and the arrangement of the complementary subunits in the dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo José Cueto Díaz
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255 , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33450 Talence Cedex, France
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11
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Orsinger GV, Williams JD, Romanowski M. Focal activation of cells by plasmon resonance assisted optical injection of signaling molecules. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6151-62. [PMID: 24877558 PMCID: PMC4076043 DOI: 10.1021/nn5015903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental methods for single cell intracellular delivery are essential for probing cell signaling dynamics within complex cellular networks, such as those making up the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show a quantitative and general method of interrogation of signaling pathways. We applied highly focused near-infrared laser light to optically inject gold-coated liposomes encapsulating bioactive molecules into single cells for focal activation of cell signaling. For this demonstration, we encapsulated either inositol trisphosphate (IP3), an endogenous cell signaling second messenger, or adenophostin A (AdA), a potent analogue of IP, within 100 nm gold-coated liposomes, and injected these gold-coated liposomes and their contents into the cytosol of single ovarian carcinoma cells to initiate calcium (Ca(2+)) release from intracellular stores. Upon optical injection of IP3 or AdA at doses above the activation threshold, we observed increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration within the injected cell initiating the propagation of a Ca(2+) wave throughout nearby cells. As confirmed by octanol-induced inhibition, the intercellular Ca(2+) wave traveled via gap junctions. Optical injection of gold-coated liposomes represents a quantitative method of focal activation of signaling cascades of broad interest in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel V. Orsinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Joshua D. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Marek Romanowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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12
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Amatrudo JM, Olson JP, Lur G, Chiu CQ, Higley MJ, Ellis-Davies GCR. Wavelength-selective one- and two-photon uncaging of GABA. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:64-70. [PMID: 24304264 DOI: 10.1021/cn400185r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized photolabile 7-diethylamino coumarin (DEAC) derivatives of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These caged neurotransmitters efficiently release GABA using linear or nonlinear excitation. We used a new DEAC-based caging chromophore that has a vinyl acrylate substituent at the 3-position that shifts the absorption maximum of DEAC to about 450 nm and thus is named "DEAC450". DEAC450-caged GABA is photolyzed with a quantum yield of 0.39 and is highly soluble and stable in physiological buffer. We found that DEAC450-caged GABA is relatively inactive toward two-photon excitation at 720 nm, so when paired with a nitroaromatic caged glutamate that is efficiently excited at such wavelengths, we could photorelease glutamate and GABA around single spine heads on neurons in brain slices with excellent wavelength selectivity using two- and one-photon photolysis, respectively. Furthermore, we found that DEAC450-caged GABA could be effectively released using two-photon excitation at 900 nm with spatial resolution of about 3 μm. Taken together, our experiments show that the DEAC450 caging chromophore holds great promise for the development of new caged compounds that will enable wavelength-selective, two-color interrogation of neuronal signaling with excellent subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Amatrudo
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Olson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - G. Lur
- Department
of Neurobiology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration
and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Chiayu Q. Chiu
- Department
of Neurobiology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration
and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Michael J. Higley
- Department
of Neurobiology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration
and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
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13
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Olson JP, Banghart MR, Sabatini BL, Ellis-Davies GCR. Spectral evolution of a photochemical protecting group for orthogonal two-color uncaging with visible light. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15948-54. [PMID: 24117060 DOI: 10.1021/ja408225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caged compounds are molecules rendered functionally inert by derivatization with a photochemical protecting group. We describe the design logic behind the development of a diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC) caging chromophore, DEAC450, that absorbs blue light strongly (ε450 = 43,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) and violet light 11-fold more weakly. The absorption minimum is in the wavelength range (340-360 nm) that is traditionally used for photolysis of many widely used nitroaromatic caged compounds (e.g., 4-carboxymethoxy-5,7-dinitroindolinyl(CDNI)-GABA). We used this chromophore to synthesize DEAC450-caged cAMP and found this probe was very stable toward aqueous hydrolysis in the electronic ground state but was photolyzed with a quantum efficiency of 0.78. When DEAC450-cAMP and CDNI-GABA where co-applied to striatal cholinergic interneurons, the caged compounds were photolyzed in an chromatically orthogonal manner using blue and violet light so as to modulate the neuronal firing rate in a bidirectional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York 10029, United States
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Benninger RK, Piston DW. Two-photon excitation microscopy for the study of living cells and tissues. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2013; Chapter 4:4.11.1-4.11.24. [PMID: 23728746 PMCID: PMC4004770 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb0411s59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation microscopy is an alternative to confocal microscopy that provides advantages for three-dimensional and deep tissue imaging. This unit will describe the basic physical principles behind two-photon excitation and discuss the advantages and limitations of its use in laser-scanning microscopy. The principal advantages of two-photon microscopy are reduced phototoxicity, increased imaging depth, and the ability to initiate highly localized photochemistry in thick samples. Practical considerations for the application of two-photon microscopy will then be discussed, including recent technological advances. This unit will conclude with some recent applications of two-photon microscopy that highlight the key advantages over confocal microscopy and the types of experiments which would benefit most from its application.
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15
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Bort G, Gallavardin T, Ogden D, Dalko PI. From One-Photon to Two-Photon Probes: “Caged” Compounds, Actuators, and Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4526-37. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Bort G, Gallavardin T, Ogden D, Dalko PI. Von Ein- zu Zwei-Photonen-Sonden: photoaktivierbare Reagentien, Aktuatoren und Photoschalter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Klán P, Šolomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens R, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: reaction mechanisms and efficacy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:119-91. [PMID: 23256727 PMCID: PMC3557858 DOI: 10.1021/cr300177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1238] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Cui J, Miguel VS, del Campo A. Light-Triggered Multifunctionality at Surfaces Mediated by Photolabile Protecting Groups. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 34:310-29. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Light-controlled tools. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8446-76. [PMID: 22829531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes plays a key role in life, where the whole is often much more than the sum of its parts. Quite trivially, the molecules of a cell do not form a living system if they are only arranged in a random fashion. If we want to understand these relationships and especially the problems arising from malfunction, tools are necessary that allow us to design sophisticated experiments that address these questions. Highly valuable in this respect are external triggers that enable us to precisely determine where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped. Light is an ideal external trigger: It is highly selective and if applied correctly also harmless. It can be generated and manipulated with well-established techniques, and many ways exist to apply light to living systems--from cells to higher organisms. This Review will focus on developments over the last six years and includes discussions on the underlying technologies as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Lichtgesteuerte Werkzeuge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Falk Rohrbach
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Institut für Biochemie, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
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21
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Wang X, Werner S, Weiß T, Liefeith K, Hoffmann C. ortho-Nitrobenzyl alcohol based two-photon excitation controlled drug release system. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Bao C, Jin M, Li B, Xu Y, Jin J, Zhu L. Long conjugated 2-nitrobenzyl derivative caged anticancer prodrugs with visible light regulated release: preparation and functionalizations. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5238-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25701g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kantevari S, Buskila Y, Ellis-Davies GCR. Synthesis and characterization of cell-permeant 6-nitrodibenzofuranyl-caged IP3. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 11:508-13. [PMID: 21879138 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized in a 6-nitrodibenzofuranyl (NDBF) derivative of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) for efficient two-photon uncaging in living cells. As its hexakis acetoxymethyl ester, this caged compound may be applied at low concentration to the extracellular milieu to load the intact astrocytes in acutely isolated brain slices from the mouse cortex. Two-photon irradiation of single astrocytes evoked intracellular calcium signals that required 10% of the energy dosage compared to nitroveratyl (NV)-IP(3). Since NDBF-IP(3) has a 5-fold higher quantum yield than NV-IP(3), these data imply that photolysis of the new NDBF caged compound mobilized intracellular calcium about twice as efficiently as the NV cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kantevari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Optical waveguides for the evanescent wave-induced cleavage of photolabile linker compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:777-82. [PMID: 21611735 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional surfaces and especially the control of surface properties depending on external parameters such as light illumination have gained increasing importance in the last few years. We present the characterization of polymers from the cycloolefin (co)polymer class (COC/COP) functionalized with an aminosilane as a basis for the further immobilization of compounds. In a first step, an assay using AlexaFluor®647 fluorescent dye was used to assess surface homogeneity and reproducibility. A coefficient of variation of less than 15% for dot-to-dot and less than 25% for chip-to-chip could be achieved. The same amino-functionalized surfaces were then used to immobilize a biotinylated photolabile linker compound, binding AlexaFluor®647-labeled streptavidin. The linker was photocleaved with high efficiency at λ = 365 nm and P = 0.15 mW/cm(2). Fluorescence measurements show that polymers of the COC/COP class can be used as versatile surfaces for the photoinduced release of compounds immobilized via photolabile linkers.
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Störtkuhl KF, Fiala A. The Smell of Blue Light: A New Approach toward Understanding an Olfactory Neuronal Network. Front Neurosci 2011; 5:72. [PMID: 21647413 PMCID: PMC3103046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is one of the most important senses throughout the animal kingdom. It enables animals to discriminate between a wide variety of attractive and repulsive odorants and often plays a decisive role in species specific communication. In recent years the analysis of olfactory systems both invertebrates and invertebrates has attracted much scientific interest. In this context a pivotal question is how the properties and connectivities of individual neurons contribute to a functioning neuronal network that mediates odor-guided behavior. As a novel approach to analyze the role of individual neurons within a circuitry, techniques have been established that make use of light-sensitive proteins. In this review we introduce a non-invasive, optogenetic technique which was used to manipulate the activity of individual neurons in the olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Both channelrhodopsin-2 and the photosensitive adenylyl cyclase PAC α in individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the olfactory system of Drosophila larvae allows stimulating individual receptor neurons by light. Depending on which particular ORN is optogenetically activated, repulsion or attraction behavior can be induced, indicating which sensory neurons underlie which type of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens F Störtkuhl
- AG Physiology of Senses, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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26
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Kantevari S, Gordon GRJ, MacVicar BA, Ellis-Davies GCR. A practical guide to the synthesis and use of membrane-permeant acetoxymethyl esters of caged inositol polyphosphates. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:327-37. [PMID: 21372813 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a method for efficient chemical synthesis of an analog of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) hexakis acetoxymethyl ester having an ortho-nitroveratryl photochemical caging group on the 6-hydroxyl position. The six esters render the probe membrane permeant, such that it can be loaded into intact living cells in vitro or in vivo. Inside cells, the caged IP(3) is inert until activated by two-photon excitation at 720 nm. The photoliberated signaling molecule can mobilize release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores on the endoplasmic reticulum. When co-loaded with the fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator rhod-2, one laser can be used for stimulating and monitoring intracellular Ca(2+) signaling with single-cell resolution. This protocol has chemistry and biology sections; the former describes the organic synthesis of the caged IP(3), which requires 12 d, and the latter an application to a day-long study of astrocyte-regulated neuronal function in living brain slices acutely isolated from rats. As Ca(2+) is the single most important intracellular second messenger and the IP(3)-Ca(2+) signaling cascade is used by many cells to produce increases in Ca(2+) concentration, this method should be widely applicable for the study of a variety of physiological processes in intact biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kantevari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Crowe SE, Kantevari S, Ellis-Davies GCR. Photochemically initiated intracellular astrocytic calcium waves in living mice using two-photon uncaging of IP(3). ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:575-85. [PMID: 22778846 DOI: 10.1021/cn100052v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a caged IP(3) analogue for two-photon photolysis in living animals. This probe is a cell permeable version and was coloaded with a fluorescent Ca(2+) dye into astrocytes in layer 1 of the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized mice. Two-photon irradiation of single cells at 720 nm produced rapid and robust increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations monitored using two-photon microscopy at 950 nm. The photoevoked intracellular Ca(2+) waves were similar in magnitude to intrinsic signals in wild type mice. These waves did not propagate to other cells beyond the targeted astrocyte. In contrast, we observed intercellular astrocytic Ca(2+) waves in two mouse models of familial Alzheimer's disease. These data suggest that Alzheimer's might perturb gliotransmission but not IP(3) signaling per se in mouse models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Crowe
- Department of Neuroscience, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, and Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, and Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
| | - Graham C. R. Ellis-Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, and Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
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del Mármol J, Filevich O, Etchenique R. A Ruthenium−Rhodamine Complex as an Activatable Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6259-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1012128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina del Mármol
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2 AR1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Filevich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2 AR1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Etchenique
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2 AR1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Tritsch NX, Zhang YX, Ellis-Davies G, Bergles DE. ATP-induced morphological changes in supporting cells of the developing cochlea. Purinergic Signal 2010; 6:155-66. [PMID: 20806009 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-010-9189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing cochlea of mammals contains a large group of columnar-shaped cells, which together form a structure known as Kölliker's organ. Prior to the onset of hearing, these inner supporting cells periodically release adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), which activates purinergic receptors in surrounding supporting cells, inner hair cells and the dendrites of primary auditory neurons. Recent studies indicate that purinergic signaling between inner supporting cells and inner hair cells initiates bursts of action potentials in auditory nerve fibers before the onset of hearing. ATP also induces prominent effects in inner supporting cells, including an increase in membrane conductance, a rise in intracellular Ca(2+), and dramatic changes in cell shape, although the importance of ATP signaling in non-sensory cells of the developing cochlea remains unknown. Here, we review current knowledge pertaining to purinergic signaling in supporting cells of Kölliker's organ and focus on the mechanisms by which ATP induces changes in their morphology. We show that these changes in cell shape are preceded by increases in cytoplasmic Ca(2+), and provide new evidence indicating that elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and IP(3) are sufficient to initiate shape changes. In addition, we discuss the possibility that these ATP-mediated morphological changes reflect crenation following the activation of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, and speculate about the possible functions of these changes in cell morphology for maturation of the cochlea.
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Shigenaga A, Yamamoto J, Sumikawa Y, Furuta T, Otaka A. Development and photo-responsive peptide bond cleavage reaction of two-photon near-infrared excitation-responsive peptide. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Activation of membrane-permeant caged PtdIns(3)P induces endosomal fusion in cells. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6:324-6. [PMID: 20364126 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) is a phospholipid residing on early endosomes, where it is proposed to be involved in endosomal fusion. We synthesized membrane-permeant derivatives of PtdIns(3)P, including a caged version that is to our knowledge the first photoactivatable phosphoinositide derivative developed so far. In living cells, photoactivation of caged PtdIns(3)P induced rapid endosomal fusion in an EEA1-dependent fashion, thus providing in vivo evidence that PtdIns(3)P is a sufficient signal for driving this process.
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32
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Astrocyte-mediated distributed plasticity at hypothalamic glutamate synapses. Neuron 2009; 64:391-403. [PMID: 19914187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Afferent activity can induce fast, feed-forward changes in synaptic efficacy that are synapse specific. Using combined electrophysiology, caged molecule photolysis, and Ca(2+) imaging, we describe a plasticity in which the recruitment of astrocytes in response to afferent activity causes a fast and feed-forward, yet distributed increase in the amplitude of quantal synaptic currents at multiple glutamate synapses on magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The plasticity is largely multiplicative, consistent with a proportional increase or "scaling" in the strength of all synapses on the neuron. This effect requires a metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated rise in Ca(2+) in the astrocyte processes surrounding the neuron and the release of the gliotransmitter ATP, which acts on postsynaptic purinergic receptors. These data provide evidence for a form of distributed synaptic plasticity that is feed-forward, expressed quickly, and mediated by the synaptic activation of neighboring astrocytes.
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33
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Kramer RH, Fortin DL, Trauner D. New photochemical tools for controlling neuronal activity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2009; 19:544-52. [PMID: 19828309 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiology has entered a new era in which optical methods are challenging electrophysiological techniques for their value in measuring and manipulating neuronal activity. This change is occurring largely because of the development of new photochemical tools, some synthesized by chemists and some provided by nature. This review is focused on the three types of photochemical tools for neuronal control that have emerged in recent years. Caged neurotransmitters, including caged glutamate, are synthetic molecules that enable highly localized activation of neurotransmitter receptors in response to light. Natural photosensitive proteins, including channelrhodopsin-2 and halorhodopsin, can be exogenously expressed in neurons and enable rapid photocontrol of action potential firing. Synthetic small molecule photoswitches can bestow light-sensitivity on native or exogenously expressed proteins, including K(+) channels and glutamate receptors, allowing photocontrol of action potential firing and synaptic events. At a rapid pace, these tools are being improved and new tools are being introduced, thanks to molecular biology and synthetic chemistry. The three families of photochemical tools have different capabilities and uses, but they all share in enabling precise and noninvasive exploration of neural function with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
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34
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Lee HM, Larson DR, Lawrence DS. Illuminating the chemistry of life: design, synthesis, and applications of "caged" and related photoresponsive compounds. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:409-27. [PMID: 19298086 DOI: 10.1021/cb900036s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are characterized by a level of spatial and temporal organization that often lies beyond the grasp of present day methods. Light-modulated bioreagents, including analogs of low molecular weight compounds, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, represent a compelling strategy to probe, perturb, or sample biological phenomena with the requisite control to address many of these organizational complexities. Although this technology has created considerable excitement in the chemical community, its application to biological questions has been relatively limited. We describe the challenges associated with the design, synthesis, and use of light-responsive bioreagents; the scope and limitations associated with the instrumentation required for their application; and recent chemical and biological advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ming Lee
- Departments of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products, and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Daniel R. Larson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Departments of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products, and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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35
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Kockskämper J, Zima AV, Roderick HL, Pieske B, Blatter LA, Bootman MD. Emerging roles of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:128-47. [PMID: 18603259 PMCID: PMC2654363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger regulating diverse functions in almost all mammalian cell types. It is generated by membrane receptors that couple to phospholipase C (PLC), an enzyme which liberates IP(3) from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)). The major action of IP(3), which is hydrophilic and thus translocates from the membrane into the cytoplasm, is to induce Ca(2+) release from endogenous stores through IP(3) receptors (IP(3)Rs). Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling relies largely on ryanodine receptor (RyR)-induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myocytes express a significantly larger number of RyRs compared to IP(3)Rs (~100:1), and furthermore they experience substantial fluxes of Ca(2+) with each heartbeat. Therefore, the role of IP(3) and IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in cardiac myocytes has long been enigmatic. Recent evidence, however, indicates that despite their paucity cardiac IP(3)Rs may play crucial roles in regulating diverse cardiac functions. Strategic localization of IP(3)Rs in cytoplasmic compartments and the nucleus enables them to participate in subsarcolemmal, bulk cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca(2+) signaling in embryonic stem cell-derived and neonatal cardiomyocytes, and in adult cardiac myocytes from the atria and ventricles. Intriguingly, expression of both IP(3)Rs and membrane receptors that couple to PLC/IP(3) signaling is altered in cardiac disease such as atrial fibrillation or heart failure, suggesting the involvement of IP(3) signaling in the pathology of these diseases. Thus, IP(3) exerts important physiological and pathological functions in the heart, ranging from the regulation of pacemaking, excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling to the initiation and/or progression of arrhythmias, hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kockskämper
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz,, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Aleksey V. Zima
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Physiology, Rush University, 1750 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - H. Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1 PD, UK
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz,, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lothar A. Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Physiology, Rush University, 1750 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Martin D. Bootman
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Kawakami T, Cheng H, Hashiro S, Nomura Y, Tsukiji S, Furuta T, Nagamune T. A Caged Phosphopeptide‐Based Approach for Photochemical Activation of Kinases in Living Cells. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1583-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
A caged molecule is an inert but photosensitive molecule that is transformed by photolysis into a biologically active molecule at high speed (typically 1 msec). The process is referred to as photorelease. The spatial resolution of photorelease is limited by the properties of light; submicrometer resolution is potentially achievable. Therefore, focal photorelease of caged molecules enables one to control biological processes with high spatio-temporal precision. The principles underlying caged molecules as well as practical considerations for their use are discussed in this unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Y Kao
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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38
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Sakata T, Jackson DK, Mao S, Marriott G. Optically switchable chelates: optical control and sensing of metal ions. J Org Chem 2007; 73:227-33. [PMID: 18072788 DOI: 10.1021/jo7019898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces new concepts in the design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo characterization, manipulation, and imaging of organic chelates whose association with metal ions is rapidly and reversibly controlled by using light. Di- and tricarboxylic group bearing photochromes, nitrobenzospiropyran (nitroBIPS), undergo rapid and reversible, optically driven transitions between their spiro (SP) and fluorescent merocyanine (MC) states. The MC state of nitroBIPS-8-DA binds tightly to various metal ions resulting in specific shifts in absorption and fluorescence, and the dissociation constant for its Gadolinium complex in water is measured at approximately 5 microM. The metal-bound MC state is converted to the weaker-binding SP state with use of 543 nm light, while the SP to MC transition is complete with use of 365 or 720 nm (2-photon) light within several microseconds. Fluorescence imaging of the MC state of nitroBIPS-8-TriA was used to quantify the rate and efficiency of optical switching and to provide a real-time readout of the state of the optically switchable chelate within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Sakata
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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39
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Caged agonist of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors for light-directed facilitation of platelet aggregation. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:1341-7. [PMID: 18199424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a caged form (MRS2703) of a potent dual agonist of the P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) nucleotide receptors, 2-MeSADP, by blocking the beta-phosphate group with a 1-(3,4-dimethyloxyphenyl)eth-1-yl phosphoester. Although MRS2703 is itself inactive at human P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors expressed heterologously in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells or in washed human platelets, this derivative readily regenerates the parent agonist upon mild irradiation with long-wave UV light (360 nm). The functional effect of the regenerated agonist was demonstrated by a rise in intracellular calcium mediated by either P2Y(1) or P2Y(12) receptors in transfected cells. Washed human platelets exposed to a solution of MRS2703 were induced to aggregate upon UV irradiation. At 1.0 microM MRS2703, full aggregation was achieved within 1 min of irradiation. Thus, this caged nucleotide promises to be a useful probe for potent P2Y receptor activation with light-directed spatial and temporal control.
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40
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Ellis-Davies GCR. Caged compounds: photorelease technology for control of cellular chemistry and physiology. Nat Methods 2007; 4:619-28. [PMID: 17664946 PMCID: PMC4207253 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caged compounds are light-sensitive probes that functionally encapsulate biomolecules in an inactive form. Irradiation liberates the trapped molecule, permitting targeted perturbation of a biological process. Uncaging technology and fluorescence microscopy are 'optically orthogonal': the former allows control, and the latter, observation of cellular function. Used in conjunction with other technologies (for example, patch clamp and/or genetics), the light beam becomes a uniquely powerful tool to stimulate a selected biological target in space or time. Here I describe important examples of widely used caged compounds, their design features and synthesis, as well as practical details of how to use them with living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham C R Ellis-Davies
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
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41
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Parkesh R, Vasudevan S, Berry A, Galione A, ChurchillI G. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and biological evaluation of photolabile nicotinic acid adenine dinuclotide phosphate (NAADP+). Org Biomol Chem 2006; 5:441-3. [PMID: 17252124 PMCID: PMC2518626 DOI: 10.1039/b617344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemo-enzymatic synthesis of novel caged NAADP+ without the formation of multiple cage compounds has been achieved. The biological activity of the caged NAADP+ was demonstrated by its fast uncaging in intact sea-urchin eggs.
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42
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Oheim M, Michael DJ, Geisbauer M, Madsen D, Chow RH. Principles of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and other nonlinear imaging approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:788-808. [PMID: 17055106 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to review the basic principles of two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of 2PEF imaging to other microscopy methodologies. 2PEF imaging is a nonlinear approach that generates images of optical sections and that is particularly well suited for deep-tissue and in vivo imaging of live animals. The nonlinear excitation used for 2PEF offers the advantage, too, of being able to generate contrast from second or third harmonic generation as well as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. We also review the recent use of nonlinear excitation to provide image resolution beyond the diffraction limit and discuss the progress in non-scanning (planar) 2PEF microscopy, an approach that holds great potential for large-scale quantitative imaging and plate reading, e.g., in screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oheim
- Molecular and cellular Biophysics of the Synapse, INSERM U603, F-75006 Paris, France.
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43
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Abstract
The brain is complex and dynamic. The spatial scales of interest to the neurobiologist range from individual synapses (approximately 1 microm) to neural circuits (centimeters); the timescales range from the flickering of channels (less than a millisecond) to long-term memory (years). Remarkably, fluorescence microscopy has the potential to revolutionize research on all of these spatial and temporal scales. Two-photon excitation (2PE) laser scanning microscopy allows high-resolution and high-sensitivity fluorescence microscopy in intact neural tissue, which is hostile to traditional forms of microscopy. Over the last 10 years, applications of 2PE, including microscopy and photostimulation, have contributed to our understanding of a broad array of neurobiological phenomena, including the dynamics of single channels in individual synapses and the functional organization of cortical maps. Here we review the principles of 2PE microscopy, highlight recent applications, discuss its limitations, and point to areas for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Svoboda
- HHMI, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
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