1
|
Park KJ, Maier S, Zhang C, Dixon SAH, Rusch DB, Pupo MT, Angus SP, Gerdt JP. Ravidomycin Analogs from Streptomyces sp. Exhibit Altered Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Selectivity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1968-1979. [PMID: 37531219 PMCID: PMC10797603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Six new ravidomycin analogs (1-4, 6, and 7) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. Am59 using UV- and LCMS-guided separation based on Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking analysis. Furthermore, we isolated fucomycin V (9), which possesses the same chromophore as ravidomycin but features a d-fucopyranose instead of d-ravidosamine. This is the first report of 9 as a natural product. Four new analogs (10-13) of 9 were also isolated. The structures were elucidated by combined spectroscopic and computational methods. We also found an inconsistency with the published [α]D25 of deacetylravidomycin, which is reported to have a (-) sign. Instead, we observed a (+) specific rotation for the reported absolute configuration of deacetylravidomycin (containing d-ravidosamine). We confirmed the positive sign by reisolating deacetylravidomycin from S. ravidus and by deacetylating ravidomycin. Finally, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxicity activities were determined for the compounds. Compared to deacetylravidomycin, the compounds 4-6, 9, 11, and 12 exhibited greater antibacterial selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shelley A H Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Douglas B Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Monica T Pupo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Steven P Angus
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Joseph P Gerdt
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tirkkonen H, Brown KV, Niemczura M, Faudemer Z, Brown C, Ponomareva LV, Helmy YA, Thorson JS, Nybo SE, Metsä-Ketelä M, Shaaban KA. Engineering BioBricks for Deoxysugar Biosynthesis and Generation of New Tetracenomycins. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21237-21253. [PMID: 37332790 PMCID: PMC10269268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Tetracenomycins and elloramycins are polyketide natural products produced by several actinomycetes that exhibit antibacterial and anticancer activities. They inhibit ribosomal translation by binding in the polypeptide exit channel of the large ribosomal subunit. The tetracenomycins and elloramycins are typified by a shared oxidatively modified linear decaketide core, yet they are distinguished by the extent of O-methylation and the presence of a 2',3',4'-tri-O-methyl-α-l-rhamnose appended at the 8-position of elloramycin. The transfer of the TDP-l-rhamnose donor to the 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C aglycone acceptor is catalyzed by the promiscuous glycosyltransferase ElmGT. ElmGT exhibits remarkable flexibility toward transfer of many TDP-deoxysugar substrates to 8-demethyltetracenomycin C, including TDP-2,6-dideoxysugars, TDP-2,3,6-trideoxysugars, and methyl-branched deoxysugars in both d- and l-configurations. Previously, we developed an improved host, Streptomyces coelicolor M1146::cos16F4iE, which is a stable integrant harboring the required genes for 8-demethyltetracenomycin C biosynthesis and expression of ElmGT. In this work, we developed BioBricks gene cassettes for the metabolic engineering of deoxysugar biosynthesis in Streptomyces spp. As a proof of concept, we used the BioBricks expression platform to engineer biosynthesis for d-configured TDP-deoxysugars, including known compounds 8-O-d-glucosyl-tetracenomycin C, 8-O-d-olivosyl-tetracenomycin C, 8-O-d-mycarosyl-tetracenomycin C, and 8-O-d-digitoxosyl-tetracenomycin C. In addition, we generated four new tetracenomycins including one modified with a ketosugar, 8-O-4'-keto-d-digitoxosyl-tetracenomycin C, and three modified with 6-deoxysugars, including 8-O-d-fucosyl-tetracenomycin C, 8-O-d-allosyl-tetracenomycin C, and 8-O-d-quinovosyl-tetracenomycin C. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of BioBricks cloning, with the ability to recycle intermediate constructs, for the rapid assembly of diverse carbohydrate pathways and glycodiversification of a variety of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Tirkkonen
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Katelyn V. Brown
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Magdalena Niemczura
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Zélie Faudemer
- Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering Department, SIGMA
Clermont, 63170 Aubière, France
| | - Courtney Brown
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department
of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - S. Eric Nybo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307, United States
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rong JC, Sheng L, Jiang LH, Yi ML, Wu JY, Zhao Q. Genomic insights into secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical utility for Hyphococcus flavus MCCC 1K03223 T, isolated from bathypelagic seawater. Mar Genomics 2023; 69:101031. [PMID: 37100527 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
During an attempt to screen secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical utility, we sequenced the complete genome of type strain of a novel marine bacterial genus, named genus Hyphococcus. The type strain, Hyphococcus flavus MCCC 1K03223T, was isolated from bathypelagic seawater of South China Sea at a depth of 2500 m. The complete genome of strain MCCC 1K03223T is composed of a circular chromosome of 3,472,649 bp with a mean G + C content of 54.8%. Functional genomic analysis showed that this genome encodes five biosynthetic gene clusters, which were annotated to synthesize medicinally important secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites annotated include ectoine which acts cytoprotection, ravidomycin which is an antitumor antibiotic and three other different metabolites of terpene type. The secondary metabolic potentials of H. flavus revealed in this study provide more evidences on mining bioactive substances from marine bathypelagic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Rong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Li-Hua Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Mao-Li Yi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jin-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu W, Pei X, Chen X, Wu Y, Song F, Zhang H. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Chrysomycin-Producing Wild-Type and Mutant Strains of Streptomyces sp. 891. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121170. [PMID: 36557208 PMCID: PMC9785815 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysomycin A (CA), a promising antibiotic agent, usually coexists with two analog chrysomycins B (CB) and C (CC) produced by several wild-type (WT) Streptomyces strains. With the aim to increase CA production, UV mutagenesis-based breeding had been employed on a marine-derived strain Streptomyces sp. 891 in our previous study and afforded an improved strain 891-B6 with enhanced CA yield. By comparative transcriptome analysis, significant differences in chrysomycin BGC-related gene expression between the WT strain 891 and the mutant strain 891-B6 were unveiled in the current study. Among 25 up-regulated genes in mutant 891-B6, chryA, chryB, chryC, chryF, chryG, chryK, chryP, and chryQ, responsible for the biosynthesis of benzonaphthopyranone aglycone, and chryD, chryE, and chryU in charge of production of its deoxyglycoside, were characterized. Furthermore, the expression of genes chryOII, chryOIII, and chryOIV responsible for the formation of 8-vinyl in CA from 8-ethyl in CB were greatly enhanced in strain 891-B6. These findings provide molecular mechanisms for increased yield of CA and decreased yield of CB for mutant 891-B6, which has potential application in industrial CA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangjie Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinwei Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - You Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fuhang Song
- Department of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-571-88320913
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McCord JP, Kohanov ZA, Lowell AN. Thermorubin Biosynthesis Initiated by a Salicylate Synthase Suggests an Unusual Conversion of Phenols to Pyrones. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3169-3177. [PMID: 36255735 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermorubin is a tetracyclic naphthoisocoumarin natural product that demands investigation due to its novel mechanism of bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and its unusual structural features. In this work, we describe the identification of the biosynthetic cluster responsible for thermorubin from the sequenced Laceyella sacchari producer species and its confirmation via heterologous production in Escherichia coli. Based on an in-depth annotation of the cluster, we propose a biosynthetic pathway that accounts for the formation of the unique, nonterminal pyrone. Additionally, the expression and use of salicylate synthase TheO enabled testing of the stability properties of this extremophile-derived enzyme. TheO displayed rapid kinetics and a remarkably robust secondary structure, converting chorismate to salicylate with a KM of 109 ± 12 μM, kcat of 9.17 ± 0.36 min-1, and catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 84 ± 9 nM-1 min-1, and retained significant activity up to 50 °C. These studies serve as the basis for continued biosynthetic investigations and bioinspired synthetic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P McCord
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), Davidson Hall Rm. 480, 1040 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zachary A Kohanov
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), Davidson Hall Rm. 480, 1040 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrew N Lowell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), Davidson Hall Rm. 480, 1040 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cross AR, Roy S, Vivoli Vega M, Rejzek M, Nepogodiev SA, Cliff M, Salmon D, Isupov MN, Field RA, Prior JL, Harmer NJ. Spinning sugars in antigen biosynthesis: characterization of the Coxiella burnetii and Streptomyces griseus TDP-sugar epimerases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101903. [PMID: 35398092 PMCID: PMC9095892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugars streptose and dihydrohydroxystreptose (DHHS) are unique to the bacteria Streptomyces griseus and Coxiella burnetii, respectively. Streptose forms the central moiety of the antibiotic streptomycin, while DHHS is found in the O-antigen of the zoonotic pathogen C. burnetii. Biosynthesis of these sugars has been proposed to follow a similar path to that of TDP-rhamnose, catalyzed by the enzymes RmlA, RmlB, RmlC, and RmlD, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Streptose and DHHS biosynthesis unusually requires a ring contraction step that could be performed by orthologs of RmlC or RmlD. Genome sequencing of S. griseus and C. burnetii has identified StrM and CBU1838 proteins as RmlC orthologs in these respective species. Here, we demonstrate that both enzymes can perform the RmlC 3'',5'' double epimerization activity necessary to support TDP-rhamnose biosynthesis in vivo. This is consistent with the ring contraction step being performed on a double epimerized substrate. We further demonstrate that proton exchange is faster at the 3''-position than the 5''-position, in contrast to a previously studied ortholog. We additionally solved the crystal structures of CBU1838 and StrM in complex with TDP and show that they form an active site highly similar to those of the previously characterized enzymes RmlC, EvaD, and ChmJ. These results support the hypothesis that streptose and DHHS are biosynthesized using the TDP pathway and that an RmlD paralog most likely performs ring contraction following double epimerization. This work will support the elucidation of the full pathways for biosynthesis of these unique sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Cross
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sumita Roy
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella Vivoli Vega
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Cliff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Salmon
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michail N Isupov
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joann L Prior
- Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Harmer
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Marine Strain Streptomyces sp. 891, an Excellent Producer of Chrysomycin A with Therapeutic Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050287. [PMID: 35621938 PMCID: PMC9144908 DOI: 10.3390/md20050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysomycin A is one of the most promising therapeutic candidates for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. By hybridizing next-step generation (Illumina) and third-generation (PacBio) sequencing technologies, a high-quality chromosome-level genome together with a plasmid was firstly assembled for chrysomycin A-producing marine strain 891. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that this strain unambiguously belonged to the genus Streptomyces, and its genomic features and functional genes were comprehensively analyzed and annotated. AntiSMASH analysis of this strain unveiled one key biosynthetic gene cluster, T2PKS, responsible for the biosynthesis of chrysomycin, the biosynthesis pathway of which was putatively proposed. These findings definitely shed light on further investigation for construction of a robust industrial strain with high-yield chrysomycin A production using genetic engineering techniques and combinatorial biology approaches.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Xue L, Zhang J, Zhu X, Duan Y, Yan X. Genome mining of novel rubiginones from Streptomyces sp. CB02414 and characterization of the post-PKS modification steps in rubiginone biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:192. [PMID: 34600534 PMCID: PMC8487521 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rubiginones belong to the angucycline family of aromatic polyketides, and they have been shown to potentiate the vincristine (VCR)-induced cytotoxicity against VCR-resistant cancer cell lines. However, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and biosynthetic pathways for rubiginones have not been reported yet. Results In this study, based on bioinformatics analysis of the genome of Streptomyces sp. CB02414, we predicted the functions of the two type II polyketide synthases (PKSs) BGCs. The rub gene cluster was predicted to encode metabolites of the angucycline family. Scale-up fermentation of the CB02414 wild-type strain led to the discovery of eight rubiginones, including five new ones (rubiginones J, K, L, M, and N). Rubiginone J was proposed to be the final product of the rub gene cluster, which features extensive oxidation on the A-ring of the angucycline skeleton. Based on the production profiles of the CB02414 wild-type and the mutant strains, we proposed a biosynthetic pathway for the rubiginones in CB02414. Conclusions A genome mining strategy enabled the efficient discovery of new rubiginones from Streptomyces sp. CB02414. Based on the isolated biosynthetic intermediates, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the rubiginones was proposed. Our research lays the foundation for further studies on the mechanism of the cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of angucyclines and for the generation of novel angucyclines using combinatorial biosynthesis strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01681-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Zhang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeji Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang X, Kong F, Zhou S, Huang D, Zheng J, Zhu W. Streptomyces tirandamycinicus sp. nov., a Novel Marine Sponge-Derived Actinobacterium With Antibacterial Potential Against Streptococcus agalactiae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:482. [PMID: 30918502 PMCID: PMC6424883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel actinobacterium, strain HNM0039T, was isolated from a marine sponge sample collected at the coast of Wenchang, Hainan, China and its polyphasic taxonomy was studied. The isolate had morphological and chemical characteristics consistent with the genus Streptomyces. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HNM0039T was closely related to Streptomyces wuyuanensis CGMCC 4.7042T (99.38%) and Streptomyces spongiicola HNM0071T (99.05%). The organism formed a well-delineated subclade with S. wuyuanensis CGMCC 4.7042T and S. spongiicola HNM0071T in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree. Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on five house-keeping gene alleles (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA, trpB) further confirmed their relationship. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain HNM0039T and its closest type strains, namely S. wuyuanensis CGMCC 4.7042T and S. spongiicola HNM0071T, were 46.5 and 45.1%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain HNM0039T and its two neighbor strains were 89.65 and 91.44%, respectively. The complete genome size of strain HNM0039T was 7.2 Mbp, comprising 6226 predicted genes with DNA G+C content of 72.46 mol%. Thirty-one putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were also predicted in the genome of strain HNM0039T. Among them, the tirandamycin biosynthetic gene cluster has been characterized completely. The crude extract of strain HNM0039T exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia. And tirandamycins A and B were further identified as the active components with MIC values of 2.52 and 2.55 μg/ml, respectively. Based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, it is concluded that strain HNM0039T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces whose name was proposed as Streptomyces tirandamycinicus sp. nov. The type strain is HNM0039T (= CCTCC AA 2018045T = KCTC 49236T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fandong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangqing Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
This review highlights the protein–protein interactions between type II post-PKS tailoring enzymes with an emphasis on gilvocarcin and mithramycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Redding Gober
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
| | - Ryan Wheeler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nepal KK, Wang G. Streptomycetes: Surrogate hosts for the genetic manipulation of biosynthetic gene clusters and production of natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:1-20. [PMID: 30312648 PMCID: PMC6343487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the worldwide prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and high incidence of diseases such as cancer, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of new drugs. Nearly half of the FDA-approved drugs are derived from natural products that are produced by living organisms, mainly bacteria, fungi, and plants. Commercial development is often limited by the low yield of the desired compounds expressed by the native producers. In addition, recent advances in whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics have revealed an abundance of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters within microbial genomes. Genetic manipulation of clusters in the native host is commonly used to awaken poorly expressed or silent gene clusters, however, the lack of feasible genetic manipulation systems in many strains often hinders our ability to engineer the native producers. The transfer of gene clusters into heterologous hosts for expression of partial or entire biosynthetic pathways is an approach that can be used to overcome this limitation. Heterologous expression also facilitates the chimeric fusion of different biosynthetic pathways, leading to the generation of "unnatural" natural products. The genus Streptomyces is especially known to be a prolific source of drugs/antibiotics, its members are often used as heterologous expression hosts. In this review, we summarize recent applications of Streptomyces species, S. coelicolor, S. lividans, S. albus, S. venezuelae and S. avermitilis, as heterologous expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshav K Nepal
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Guojun Wang
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan K, Zhang Q. The functional differentiation of the post-PKS tailoring oxygenases contributed to the chemical diversities of atypical angucyclines. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:275-282. [PMID: 30533539 PMCID: PMC6260466 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angucyclines are one of the largest families of aromatic polyketides with various chemical structures and bioactivities. Decades of studies have made it easy for us to depict the picture of their early biosynthetic pathways. Two families of oxygenases, the FAD-dependent oxygenases and the ring opening oxygenases, contribute to the formation of some unique skeletons of atypical angucyclines. The FAD-dependent oxygenases involved in the biosynthetic gene clusters of typical angucyclines catalyze two hydroxylation reactions at C-12 and C-12b of prejadomycin, while their homolog JadH in jadomycin gene cluster catalyze the C-12 hydroxylation and 4a,12b-dehydration reactions of prejadomycin, which leads to the production of dehydrorabelomycin, a common intermediate during the biosynthesis of atypical angucyclines. Ring opening oxygenases of a unique family of oxygenases catalyze the oxidative C—C bond cleavage reaction of dehydrorabelomycin, followed by different rearrangement reactions, resulting in the formation of the various chemical skeletons of atypical angucyclines. These results suggested that the functional differentiation of these oxygenases could apparently enrich the sources of aromatic polyketides with greater structure diversities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rudolf JD, Chang CY, Ma M, Shen B. Cytochromes P450 for natural product biosynthesis in Streptomyces: sequence, structure, and function. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1141-1172. [PMID: 28758170 PMCID: PMC5585785 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to January 2017Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are some of the most exquisite and versatile biocatalysts found in nature. In addition to their well-known roles in steroid biosynthesis and drug metabolism in humans, P450s are key players in natural product biosynthetic pathways. Natural products, the most chemically and structurally diverse small molecules known, require an extensive collection of P450s to accept and functionalize their unique scaffolds. In this review, we survey the current catalytic landscape of P450s within the Streptomyces genus, one of the most prolific producers of natural products, and comprehensively summarize the functionally characterized P450s from Streptomyces. A sequence similarity network of >8500 P450s revealed insights into the sequence-function relationships of these oxygen-dependent metalloenzymes. Although only ∼2.4% and <0.4% of streptomycete P450s have been functionally and structurally characterized, respectively, the study of streptomycete P450s involved in the biosynthesis of natural products has revealed their diverse roles in nature, expanded their catalytic repertoire, created structural and mechanistic paradigms, and exposed their potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Continued study of these remarkable enzymes will undoubtedly expose their true complement of chemical and biological capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Engineered jadomycin analogues with altered sugar moieties revealing JadS as a substrate flexible O-glycosyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5291-5300. [PMID: 28429060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs)-mediated glycodiversification studies have drawn significant attention recently, with the goal of generating bioactive compounds with improved pharmacological properties by diversifying the appended sugars. The key to achieving glycodiversification is to identify natural and/or engineered flexible GTs capable of acting upon a broad range of substrates. Here, we report the use of a combinatorial biosynthetic approach to probe the substrate flexibility of JadS, the GT in jadomycin biosynthesis, towards different non-native NDP-sugar substrates, enabling us to identify six jadomycin B analogues with different sugar moieties. Further structural engineering by precursor-directed biosynthesis allowed us to obtain 11 new jadomycin analogues. Our results for the first time show that JadS is a flexible O-GT that can utilize both L- and D- sugars as donor substrates, and tolerate structural changes at the C2, C4 and C6 positions of the sugar moiety. JadS may be further exploited to generate novel glycosylated jadomycin molecules in future glycodiversification studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nah HJ, Pyeon HR, Kang SH, Choi SS, Kim ES. Cloning and Heterologous Expression of a Large-sized Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces Species. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:394. [PMID: 28360891 PMCID: PMC5350119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes family including Streptomyces species have been a major source for the discovery of novel natural products (NPs) in the last several decades thanks to their structural novelty, diversity and complexity. Moreover, recent genome mining approach has provided an attractive tool to screen potentially valuable NP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) present in the actinomycetes genomes. Since many of these NP BGCs are silent or cryptic in the original actinomycetes, various techniques have been employed to activate these NP BGCs. Heterologous expression of BGCs has become a useful strategy to produce, reactivate, improve, and modify the pathways of NPs present at minute quantities in the original actinomycetes isolates. However, cloning and efficient overexpression of an entire NP BGC, often as large as over 100 kb, remain challenging due to the ineffectiveness of current genetic systems in manipulating large NP BGCs. This mini review describes examples of actinomycetes NP production through BGC heterologous expression systems as well as recent strategies specialized for the large-sized NP BGCs in Streptomyces heterologous hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Nah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Pyeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University Incheon, South Korea
| | - Si-Sun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan G, Gao X, Fan K, Liu J, Meng B, Gao J, Wang B, Zhang C, Han H, Ai G, Chen Y, Wu D, Liu ZJ, Yang K. Structure and Function of a C-C Bond Cleaving Oxygenase in Atypical Angucycline Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:142-152. [PMID: 28103689 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-C bond ring cleaving oxygenases represent a unique family of enzymes involved in the B ring cleavage reaction only observed in atypical angucycline biosynthesis. B ring cleavage is the key reaction leading to dramatic divergence in the final structures of atypical angucyclines. Here, we present the crystal structure of AlpJ, the first structure of this family of enzymes. AlpJ has been verified as the enzyme catalyzing C-C bond cleavage in kinamycin biosynthesis. The crystal structure of the AlpJ monomer resembles the dimeric structure of ferredoxin-like proteins. The N- and C-terminal halves of AlpJ are homologous, and both contain a putative hydrophobic substrate binding pocket in the "closed" and "open" conformations, respectively. Structural comparison of AlpJ with ActVA-Orf6 and protein-ligand docking analysis suggest that the residues including Asn60, Trp64, and Trp181 are possibly involved in substrate recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis results supported our hypothesis, as mutation of these residues led to nearly a complete loss of the activity of AlpJ. Structural analysis also revealed that AlpJ possesses an intramolecular domain-domain interface, where the residues His50 and Tyr178 form a hydrogen bond that probably stabilizes the three-dimensional structure of AlpJ. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the two residues, His50 and Tyr178, were vital for the activity of AlpJ. Our findings shed light on the structure and catalytic mechanism of the AlpJ family of oxygenases, which presumably involves two active sites that might function in a cooperative manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Gao
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Meng
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmin Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaobo Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Keqian Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang G, Chen J, Zhu H, Rohr J. One-Pot Enzymatic Total Synthesis of Presteffimycinone, an Early Intermediate of the Anthracycline Antibiotic Steffimycin Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2017; 19:540-543. [PMID: 28102686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early acting cyclases play critical roles in programming the polyketide biosynthesis toward certain, distinguished scaffolds. Starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, a one-pot enzymatic total synthesis of an anthracyclinone scaffold, presteffimycinone, was achieved by mixing polyketide synthase (PKS) and early post-PKS enzymes from the biosynthetic pathways of three different types of type II-PKS driven anticancer antibiotics, namely, the mithramycin (aureolic acid-type), gilvocarcin (rearranged angucycline-type), and steffimycin (anthracycline) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Wang
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University , 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nimaichand S, Devi AM, Tamreihao K, Ningthoujam DS, Li WJ. Actinobacterial diversity in limestone deposit sites in Hundung, Manipur (India) and their antimicrobial activities. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:413. [PMID: 25999937 PMCID: PMC4419841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on actinobacterial diversity in limestone habitats are scarce. This paper reports profiling of actinobacteria isolated from Hundung limestone samples in Manipur, India using ARDRA as the molecular tool for preliminary classification. A total of 137 actinobacteria were clustered into 31 phylotypic groups based on the ARDRA pattern generated and representative of each group was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Generic diversity of the limestone isolates consisted of Streptomyces (15 phylotypic groups), Micromonospora (4), Amycolatopsis (3), Arthrobacter (3), Kitasatospora (2), Janibacter (1), Nocardia (1), Pseudonocardia (1) and Rhodococcus (1). Considering the antimicrobial potential of these actinobacteria, 19 showed antimicrobial activities against at least one of the bacterial and candidal test pathogens, while 45 exhibit biocontrol activities against at least one of the rice fungal pathogens. Out of the 137 actinobacterial isolates, 118 were found to have at least one of the three biosynthetic gene clusters (PKS-I, PKS-II, NRPS). The results indicate that 86% of the strains isolated from Hundung limestone deposit sites possessed biosynthetic gene clusters of which 40% exhibited antimicrobial activities. It can, therefore, be concluded that limestone habitat is a promising source for search of novel secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salam Nimaichand
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Manipur University Canchipur, Imphal, India ; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Asem Mipeshwaree Devi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University Shillong, India
| | - K Tamreihao
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Manipur University Canchipur, Imphal, India
| | - Debananda S Ningthoujam
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Manipur University Canchipur, Imphal, India
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China ; Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Liang DM, Liu JH, Wu H, Wang BB, Zhu HJ, Qiao JJ. Glycosyltransferases: mechanisms and applications in natural product development. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8350-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation reactions mainly catalyzed by glycosyltransferases (Gts) occur almost everywhere in the biosphere, and always play crucial roles in vital processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jia-Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bin-Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hong-Ji Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jian-Jun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Doroghazi JR, Buckley DH. Intraspecies comparison of Streptomyces pratensis genomes reveals high levels of recombination and gene conservation between strains of disparate geographic origin. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:970. [PMID: 25399205 PMCID: PMC4239341 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptomyces are widespread bacteria that contribute to the terrestrial carbon cycle and produce the majority of clinically useful antibiotics. While interspecific genomic diversity has been investigated among Streptomyces, information is lacking on intraspecific genomic diversity. Streptomyces pratensis has high rates of homologous recombination but the impact of such gene exchange on genome evolution and the evolution of natural product gene clusters remains uncharacterized. Results We report draft genome sequences of four S. pratensis strains and compare to the complete genome of Streptomyces flavogriseus IAF-45-CD (=ATCC 33331), a strain recently reclassified to S. pratensis. Despite disparate geographic origins, the genomes are highly similar with 85.9% of genes present in the core genome and conservation of all natural product gene clusters. Natural products include a novel combination of carbapenem and beta-lactamase inhibitor gene clusters. While high intraspecies recombination rates abolish the phylogenetic signal across the genome, intraspecies recombination is suppressed in two genomic regions. The first region is centered on an insertion/deletion polymorphism and the second on a hybrid NRPS-PKS gene. Finally, two gene families accounted for over 25% of the divergent genes in the core genome. The first includes homologs of bldB (required for spore development and antibiotic production) while the second includes homologs of an uncharacterized protein with a helix-turn-helix motif (hpb). Genes from these families co-occur with fifteen pairs spread across the genome. These genes have evidence for co-evolution of co-localized pairs, supporting previous assertions that these genes may function akin to a toxin-antitoxin system. Conclusions S. pratensis genomes are highly similar with exceptional levels of recombination which erase phylogenetic signal among strains of the species. This species has a large core genome and variable terminal regions that are smaller than those found in interspecies comparisons. There is no geographic differentiation between these strains, but there is evidence for local linkage disequilibrium affecting two genomic regions. We have also shown further observational evidence that the DUF397-HTH (bldB and hpb) are a novel toxin-antitoxin pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Screening for genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities from haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria strains of Algerian Sahara Soils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:317524. [PMID: 24977147 PMCID: PMC4058248 DOI: 10.1155/2014/317524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environments may often contain unusual bacterial groups whose physiology is distinct from those of normal environments. To satisfy the need for new bioactive pharmaceuticals compounds and enzymes, we report here the isolation of novel bacteria from an extreme environment. Thirteen selected haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria were isolated from Algerian Sahara Desert soils. These isolates were screened for the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds using PCR based methods. Enzymatic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined by using cultural dependant methods. Several of these isolates are typical of desert and alkaline saline soils, but, in addition, we report for the first time the presence of a potential new member of the genus Nocardia with particular activity against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to their haloalkali character, the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, combined with the antimicrobial activity against a broad range of indicator strains and their enzymatic potential, makes them suitable for biotechnology applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The most common prokaryotic signal transduction mechanisms are the one-component systems in which a single polypeptide contains both a sensory domain and a DNA-binding domain. Among the >20 classes of one-component systems, the TetR family of regulators (TFRs) are widely associated with antibiotic resistance and the regulation of genes encoding small-molecule exporters. However, TFRs play a much broader role, controlling genes involved in metabolism, antibiotic production, quorum sensing, and many other aspects of prokaryotic physiology. There are several well-established model systems for understanding these important proteins, and structural studies have begun to unveil the mechanisms by which they bind DNA and recognize small-molecule ligands. The sequences for more than 200,000 TFRs are available in the public databases, and genomics studies are identifying their target genes. Three-dimensional structures have been solved for close to 200 TFRs. Comparison of these structures reveals a common overall architecture of nine conserved α helices. The most important open question concerning TFR biology is the nature and diversity of their ligands and how these relate to the biochemical processes under their control.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan K, Pan G, Peng X, Zheng J, Gao W, Wang J, Wang W, Li Y, Yang K. Identification of JadG as the B ring opening oxygenase catalyzing the oxidative C-C bond cleavage reaction in jadomycin biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 23177193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Jadomycin B is a member of atypical angucycline antibiotics whose biosynthesis involves a unique ring opening C-C bond cleavage reaction. Here, we firmly identified JadG as the enzyme responsible for the B ring opening reaction in jadomycin biosynthesis. In vitro analysis of the JadG catalyzed reaction revealed that it requires FMNH(2) or FADH(2) as cofactors in the conversion of dehydrorabelomycin to jadomycin A. The cofactors could be supplied by either a cluster-situated flavin reductase JadY or the Escherichia coli Fre. JadY was characterized as a NAD(P)H-dependent FMN/FAD reductase, with FMN as the preferred substrate. Disruption mutant of jadY still produced jadomycin, indicating that the function of JadY could be substituted by other enzymes in the host. JadG represents the biochemically verified member of an enzyme class catalyzing an unprecedented C-C bond cleavage reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stevens DC, Hari TPA, Boddy CN. The role of transcription in heterologous expression of polyketides in bacterial hosts. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1391-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Tibrewal N, Downey TE, Van Lanen SG, Ul Sharif E, O'Doherty GA, Rohr J. Roles of the synergistic reductive O-methyltransferase GilM and of O-methyltransferase GilMT in the gilvocarcin biosynthetic pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12402-5. [PMID: 22800463 DOI: 10.1021/ja305113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two enzymes of the gilvocarcin biosynthetic pathway, GilMT and GilM, with unclear functions were investigated by in vitro studies using purified, recombinant enzymes along with synthetically prepared intermediates. The studies revealed GilMT as a typical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent O-methyltransferase, but GilM was identified as a pivotal enzyme in the pathway that exhibits dual functionality in that it catalyzes a reduction of a quinone intermediate to a hydroquinone, which goes hand-in-hand with a stabilizing O-methylation and a hemiacetal formation. GilM mediates its reductive catalysis through the aid of GilR that provides FADH(2) for the GilM reaction, through which FAD is regenerated for the next catalytic cycle. This unusual synergy eventually completes the biosynthesis of the polyketide-derived defuco-gilvocarcin chromphore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tibrewal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kharel MK, Rohr J. Delineation of gilvocarcin, jadomycin, and landomycin pathways through combinatorial biosynthetic enzymology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:150-61. [PMID: 22465094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exact sequence of events in biosyntheses of natural products is essential not only to understand and learn from nature's strategies and tricks to assemble complex natural products, but also for yield optimization of desired natural products, and for pathway engineering and muta-synthetic preparation of analogues of bioactive natural products. Biosyntheses of natural products were classically studied applying in vivo experiments, usually by combining incorporation experiments with stable-isotope labeled precursors with cross-feeding experiments of putative intermediates. Later genetic studies were dominant, which consist of gene cluster determination and analysis of gene inactivation experiments. From such studies various biosynthetic pathways were proposed, to a large extent just through in silico analyses of the biosynthetic gene clusters after DNA sequencing. Investigations of the complex biosyntheses of the angucycline group anticancer drugs landomycin, jadomycin and gilvocarcin revealed that in vivo and in silico studies were insufficient to delineate the true biosynthetic sequence of events. Neither was it possible to unambiguously assign enzyme activities, especially where multiple functional enzymes were involved. However, many of the intriguing ambiguities could be solved after in vitro reconstitution of major segments of these pathways, and subsequent systematic variations of the used enzyme mixtures. This method has been recently termed 'combinatorial biosynthetic enzymology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Midway College School of Pharmacy, 120 Scott Perry Drive, Paintsville, KY 42240, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ketoolivosyl-tetracenomycin C: a new ketosugar bearing tetracenomycin reveals new insight into the substrate flexibility of glycosyltransferase ElmGT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2247-50. [PMID: 22361136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new tetracenomycin analog, 8-demethyl-8-(4'-keto)-α-L-olivosyl-tetracenomycin C, was generated through combinatorial biosynthesis. Streptomyces lividans TK 24 (cos16F4) was used as a host for expression of a 'sugar plasmid' (pKOL) directing the biosynthesis of NDP-4-keto-L-olivose. This strain harbors all of the genes necessary for production of 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C and the sugar flexible glycosyltransferase ElmGT. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first characterization of a tetracenomycin derivative decorated with a ketosugar moiety. Also, as far as we know, 4-keto-L-olivose has only been described as an intermediate of oleandomycin biosynthesis, but has not been described before as an appendage for a polyketide compound. Furthermore, this report gives further insight into the substrate flexibility of ElmGT to include an NDP-ketosugar, which is unusual and is rarely observed among glycosyltransferases from antibiotic biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pahari P, Kharel MK, Shepherd MD, van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Enzymatic Total Synthesis of Defucogilvocarcin M and Its Implications for Gilvocarcin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Pahari P, Kharel MK, Shepherd MD, van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Enzymatic total synthesis of defucogilvocarcin M and its implications for gilvocarcin biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1216-20. [PMID: 22223167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Pahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kharel MK, Pahari P, Shepherd MD, Tibrewal N, Nybo SE, Shaaban KA, Rohr J. Angucyclines: Biosynthesis, mode-of-action, new natural products, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 29:264-325. [PMID: 22186970 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2010. The angucycline group is the largest group of type II PKS-engineered natural products, rich in biological activities and chemical scaffolds. This stimulated synthetic creativity and biosynthetic inquisitiveness. The synthetic studies used five different strategies, involving Diels-Alder reactions, nucleophilic additions, electrophilic additions, transition-metal mediated cross-couplings and intramolecular cyclizations to generate the angucycline frames. Biosynthetic studies were particularly intriguing when unusual framework rearrangements by post-PKS tailoring oxidoreductases occurred, or when unusual glycosylation reactions were involved in decorating the benz[a]anthracene-derived cores. This review follows our previous reviews, which were published in 1992 and 1997, and covers new angucycline group antibiotics published between 1997 and 2010. However, in contrast to the previous reviews, the main focus of this article is on new synthetic approaches and biosynthetic investigations, most of which were published between 1997 and 2010, but go beyond, e.g. for some biosyntheses all the way back to the 1980s, to provide the necessary context of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Noinaj N, Bosserman MA, Schickli MA, Piszczek G, Kharel MK, Pahari P, Buchanan SK, Rohr J. The crystal structure and mechanism of an unusual oxidoreductase, GilR, involved in gilvocarcin V biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23533-43. [PMID: 21561854 PMCID: PMC3123116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.247833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GilR is a recently identified oxidoreductase that catalyzes the terminal step of gilvocarcin V biosynthesis and is a unique enzyme that establishes the lactone core of the polyketide-derived gilvocarcin chromophore. Gilvocarcin-type compounds form a small distinct family of anticancer agents that are involved in both photo-activated DNA-alkylation and histone H3 cross-linking. High resolution crystal structures of apoGilR and GilR in complex with its substrate pregilvocarcin V reveals that GilR belongs to the small group of a relatively new type of the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase flavoprotein family characterized by bicovalently tethered cofactors. GilR was found as a dimer, with the bicovalently attached FAD cofactor mediated through His-65 and Cys-125. Subsequent mutagenesis and functional assays indicate that Tyr-445 may be involved in reaction catalysis and in mediating the covalent attachment of FAD, whereas Tyr-448 serves as an essential residue initiating the catalysis by swinging away from the active site to accommodate binding of the 6R-configured substrate and consequently abstracting the proton of the hydroxyl residue of the substrate hemiacetal 6-OH group. These studies lay the groundwork for future enzyme engineering to broaden the substrate specificity of this bottleneck enzyme of the gilvocarcin biosynthetic pathway for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary A. Bosserman
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596 and
| | - M. Alexandra Schickli
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596 and
| | | | - Madan K. Kharel
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596 and
| | - Pallab Pahari
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596 and
| | | | - Jürgen Rohr
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596 and
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kharel MK, Lian H, Rohr J. Characterization of the TDP-D-ravidosamine biosynthetic pathway: one-pot enzymatic synthesis of TDP-D-ravidosamine from thymidine-5-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1799-808. [PMID: 21264378 PMCID: PMC4482361 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ravidomycin V and related compounds, e.g., FE35A-B, exhibit potent anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines in the presence of visible light. The amino sugar moieties (D-ravidosamine and its analogues, respectively) in these molecules contribute to the higher potencies of ravidomycin and analogues when compared to closely related compounds with neutral or branched sugars. Within the ravidomycin V biosynthetic gene cluster, five putative genes encoding NDP-D-ravidosamine biosynthetic enzymes were identified. Through the activities of the isolated enzymes in vitro, it is demonstrated that ravD, ravE, ravIM, ravAMT and ravNMT encode TDP-D-glucose synthase, TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-4,6-dehydratase, TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-ketoisomerase, TDP-3-keto-6-deoxy-D-galactose-3-aminotransferase, and TDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose-N,N-dimethyl-transferase, respectively. A protocol for a one-pot enzymatic synthesis of TDP-D-ravidosamine has been developed. The results presented here now set the stage to produce TDP-D-ravidosamine routinely for glycosylation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan K. Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang H, Boghigian BA, Armando J, Pfeifer BA. Methods and options for the heterologous production of complex natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:125-51. [PMID: 21060956 PMCID: PMC9896020 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review will detail the motivations, experimental approaches, and growing list of successful cases associated with the heterologous production of complex natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Science & Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Actinomycete bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are major producers of bioactive compounds for the biotechnology industry. They are the source of most clinically used antibiotics, as well as of several widely used drugs against common diseases, including cancer . Genome sequencing has revealed that the potential of Streptomyces species for the production of valuable secondary metabolites is even larger than previously realized. Accessing this rich genomic resource to discover new compounds by activating "cryptic" pathways is an interesting challenge for synthetic biology. This approach is facilitated by the inherent natural modularity of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, at the level of individual enzymes (such as modular polyketide synthases), but also of gene cassettes/operons and entire biosynthetic gene clusters. It also benefits from a long tradition of molecular biology in Streptomyces, which provides a number of specific tools, ranging from cloning vectors to inducible promoters and translational control elements. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of the synthetic biology challenges in Streptomyces and then present the existing toolbox of molecular methods that can be employed in this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marnix H Medema
- Department of Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Engineered biosynthesis of gilvocarcin analogues with altered deoxyhexopyranose moieties. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 77:435-41. [PMID: 21075894 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01774-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combinatorial biosynthetic approach was used to interrogate the donor substrate flexibility of GilGT, the glycosyltransferase involved in C-glycosylation during gilvocarcin biosynthesis. Complementation of gilvocarcin mutant Streptomyces lividans TK24 (cosG9B3-U(-)), in which the biosynthesis of the natural sugar donor substrate was compromised, with various deoxysugar plasmids led to the generation of six gilvocarcin analogues with altered saccharide moieties. Characterization of the isolated gilvocarcin derivatives revealed five new compounds, including 4-β-C-D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin V (D-olivosyl GV), 4-β-C-D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin M (D-olivosyl GM), 4-β-C-D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin E (D-olivosyl GE), 4-α-C-L-rhamnosyl-gilvocarcin M (polycarcin M), 4-α-C-L-rhamnosyl-gilvocarcin E (polycarcin E), and the recently characterized 4-α-C-L-rhamnosyl-gilvocarcin V (polycarcin V). Preliminary anticancer assays showed that D-olivosyl-gilvocarcin and polycarcin V exhibit antitumor activities comparable to that of their parent drug congener, gilvocarcin V, against human lung cancer (H460), murine lung cancer (LL/2), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Our findings demonstrate GilGT to be a moderately flexible C-glycosyltransferase able to transfer both D- and L-hexopyranose moieties to the unique angucyclinone-derived benzo[D]naphtho[1,2b]pyran-6-one backbone of the gilvocarcins.
Collapse
|
37
|
Characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP154H1 from the thermophilic soil bacterium Thermobifida fusca. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1475-85. [PMID: 21057946 PMCID: PMC3036808 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are valuable biocatalysts due to their ability to hydroxylate unactivated carbon atoms using molecular oxygen. We have cloned the gene for a new cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, named CYP154H1, from the moderately thermophilic soil bacterium Thermobifida fusca. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli at up to 14% of total soluble protein and purified to homogeneity in three steps. CYP154H1 activity was reconstituted using putidaredoxin reductase and putidaredoxin from Pseudomonas putida DSM 50198 as surrogate electron transfer partners. In biocatalytic reactions with different aliphatic and aromatic substrates of varying size, the enzyme converted small aromatic and arylaliphatic compounds like ethylbenzene, styrene, and indole. Furthermore, CYP154H1 also accepted different arylaliphatic sulfides as substrates chemoselectively forming the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones. The enzyme is moderately thermostable with an apparent melting temperature of 67°C and exhibited still 90% of initial activity after incubation at 50°C.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kharel MK, Pahari P, Lian H, Rohr J. Enzymatic total synthesis of rabelomycin, an angucycline group antibiotic. Org Lett 2010; 12:2814-7. [PMID: 20486694 DOI: 10.1021/ol1009009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot enzymatic total synthesis of angucycline antibiotic rabelomycin was accomplished, starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, using a mixture of polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes of the gilvocarcin, ravidomycin, and jadomycin biosynthetic pathways. The in vitro results were compared to in vivo catalysis using analogous sets of enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shepherd MD, Kharel MK, Zhu LL, van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Delineating the earliest steps of gilvocarcin biosynthesis: role of GilP and GilQ in starter unit specificity. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3851-6. [PMID: 20617244 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro investigations of GilP and GilQ, two acyltransferases encoded by the gilvocarcin gene cluster, show that GilQ confers unique starter unit specificity when catalyzing an early as well as rate limiting step of gilvocarcin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micah D Shepherd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou H, Li Y, Tang Y. Cyclization of aromatic polyketides from bacteria and fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:839-68. [PMID: 20358042 DOI: 10.1039/b911518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|