1
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Teppa RE, Galuska SP, Harduin-Lepers A. Molecular dynamics simulations shed light into the donor substrate specificity of vertebrate poly-alpha-2,8-sialyltransferases ST8Sia IV. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130647. [PMID: 38801837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acids are essential monosaccharides influencing several biological processes and disease states. The sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of Sia residues to glycoconjugates playing critical roles in cellular recognition and signaling. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying their substrate specificity, especially between different organisms, remain poorly understood. Recently, the human ST8Sia IV, a key enzyme in the synthesis of polysialic acids, was found to accept only CMP-Neu5Ac as a sugar-donor, whereas the whitefish Coregonus maraena enzyme showed a wider donor substrate specificity, accepting CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc, and CMP-Kdn. However, what causes these differences in donor substrate specificity is unknown. METHODS Computational approaches were used to investigate the structural and biochemical determinants of the donor substrate specificity in ST8Sia IV. Accurate structural models of the human and fish ST8Sia IV catalytic domains and their complexes with three sialic acid donors (CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc, and CMP-Kdn) were generated. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the stability and interactions within these complexes and identify differences in complex stability and substrate binding sites between the two ST8Sia IV. RESULTS Our MD simulations revealed that the human enzyme effectively stabilizes CMP-Neu5Ac, whereas CMP-Neu5Gc and CMP-Kdn are unstable and explore different conformations. In contrast, the fish ST8Sia IV stabilizes all three donor substrates. Based on these data, we identified the key interacting residues for the different Sias parts of the substrate donors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work advances our knowledge of the enzymatic mechanisms governing sialic acid transfer, shedding light on the evolutionary adaptations of sialyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elin Teppa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sebastian Peter Galuska
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, Faculté des sciences et Technologies, Univ. Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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2
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Xie Y, Chen S, Alvarez MR, Sheng Y, Li Q, Maverakis E, Lebrilla CB. Protein oxidation of fucose environments (POFE) reveals fucose-protein interactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5256-5267. [PMID: 38577366 PMCID: PMC10988611 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06432h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane glycoproteins are generally highly fucosylated and sialylated, and post-translational modifications play important roles in the proteins' functions of signaling, binding and cellular processing. For these reasons, methods for measuring sialic acid-mediated protein-protein interactions have been developed. However, determining the role of fucose in these interactions has been limited by technological barriers that have thus far hindered the ability to characterize and observe fucose-mediated protein-protein interactions. Herein, we describe a method to metabolically label mammalian cells with modified fucose, which incorporates a bioorthogonal group into cell membrane glycoproteins thereby enabling the characterization of cell-surface fucose interactome. Copper-catalyzed click chemistry was used to conjugate a proximity labeling probe, azido-FeBABE. Following the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the fucose-azido-FeBABE catalyzed the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which in turn oxidized the amino acids in the proximity of the labeled fucose residue. The oxidized peptides were identified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Variations in degree of protein oxidation were obtained with different H2O2 reaction times yielding the acquisition of spatial information of the fucose-interacting proteins. In addition, specific glycoprotein-protein interactions were constructed for Galectin-3 (LEG3) and Galectin-3-binding protein (LG3BP) illustrating the further utility of the method. This method identifies new fucose binding partners thereby enhancing our understanding of the cell glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis Davis California USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110 USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | | | - Ying Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis Davis California USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Davis Davis California USA
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3
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Tian X, Zheng L, Wang C, Han Y, Li Y, Cui T, Liu J, Liu C, Jia G, Yang L, Hsu Y, Zeng C, Ding L, Wang C, Cheng B, Wang M, Xie R. Selenium-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy for quantitative glycan detection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8281. [PMID: 38092825 PMCID: PMC10719347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a classical chemical approach to perturb, profile and perceive glycans in physiological systems, but probes upon bioorthogonal reaction require accessibility and the background signal readout makes it challenging to achieve glycan quantification. Here we develop SeMOE, a selenium-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy that concisely combines elemental analysis and MOE,enabling the mass spectrometric imaging of glycome. We also demonstrate that the new-to-nature SeMOE probes allow for detection, quantitative measurement and visualization of glycans in diverse biological contexts. We also show that chemical reporters on conventional MOE can be integrated into a bifunctional SeMOE probe to provide multimodality signal readouts. SeMOE thus provides a convenient and simplified method to explore the glyco-world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingna Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yida Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanming Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guogeng Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Hsu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Deng M, Guo R, Wang Y, Li JX, He J, Li M, He Q. Curbing Exosome Communications via Introducing Artificial Membrane Receptors for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303736. [PMID: 37488693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) carry various biomolecular cargos and play crucial roles in metastasis. TDEs migrate to distal organs for intercellular communication and induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) to support tumor implantation and proliferation. Precise interference in the bioprocess of TDEs is expected to be efficacious for suppressing tumor metastasis. However, targeting both TDEs and the primary tumor is challenging. Here, based on metabolic glycoengineering and bio-orthogonal click chemistry, a two-step delivery strategy is designed to overcome this. During the first step, the tetraacetylated N-azidoacetyl-d-mannosamine-loaded nanoparticle responds to the metabolic activity of tumor cells in the primary tumor, tagging both tumor cells and TDEs with azide groups; dibenzyl-cyclootyne-modified nanoparticles then can, as the second step, specifically react with tumor cells and TDEs through a bio-orthogonal click reaction. This strategy not only inhibits tumor growth in pancreatic cancer models but also curbs the communicative role of TDEs in inducing liver PMNs and metastasis by tracking and downregulating the exosomal macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jiao He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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5
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Wang M, Kejian S, Ye L, Chen J, Ma L. Transforms of Cell Surface Glycoproteins Charge Influences Tumor Cell Metastasis via Atypically Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Including Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cell Junctions. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1498-1507. [PMID: 37498932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell communication and signal transduction rely heavily on the charge on the cell surface. The cell surface is negatively charged, with glycoproteins on the cell membrane providing a large percentage of the charge. Sialic acid is found on the outermost side of glycan chains and contributes to glycoprotein's negative charge. Sialic acid is highly expressed in tumor cells and plays an important role in tumor metastasis and immune escape by interacting with extracellular ligands. However, the specific effect of negative charge changes on glycoproteins is still poorly understood. In this study, we used 9-azido sialic acid (9Az-Sia) to create artificial epitopes on glycoproteins via metabolic glycan labeling, and we attached charged groups such as amino and carboxyl to 9Az-Sia via a click reaction with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). The charge of glycoproteins was changed by metabolic glycan labeling and click modification. The results showed that the migration and invasion ability of the MDA-MB-231 cell labeled with 9Az-Sia was significantly reduced after the modification with amino groups rather than carboxyl groups. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the biological process of metastatic tumor cells, with an increasing ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade. In particular, the expression of adhesion molecules increased in the amine-linked group, whereas the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increased significantly, which is not identical to EMT characteristics. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that the loss of negative charge on glycoproteins has an inhibitory effect on tumors. In conclusion, modifying the positive charge on the surface of glycoproteins can inhibit tumor cell metastasis and has great potential for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shi Kejian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Sun J, Huang Z, Du Y, Lv P, Fan X, Dai P, Chen X. Metabolic Glycan Labeling in Primary Neurons Enabled by Unnatural Sugars with No S-Glyco-Modification. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1416-1424. [PMID: 37253229 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is of great interest to probe glycosylation in primary neuron cultures. However, per-O-acetylated clickable unnatural sugars, which have been routinely utilized in metabolic glycan labeling (MGL) for analyzing glycans, showed cytotoxicity to cultured primary neurons and thus led to the speculation that MGL was not compatible with primary neuron cell cultures. Here, we uncovered that neuron cytotoxicity of per-O-acetylated unnatural sugars was related to their reactions with protein cysteines via non-enzymatic S-glyco-modification. The modified proteins were enriched in biological functions related to microtubule cytoskeleton organization, positive regulation of axon extension, neuron projection development, and axonogenesis. We thus established MGL in cultured primary neurons without cytotoxicity using S-glyco-modification-free unnatural sugars including ManNAz, 1,3-Pr2ManNAz, and 1,6-Pr2ManNAz, which allowed for visualization of cell-surface sialylated glycans, probing the dynamics of sialylation, and large-scale identification of sialylated N-linked glycoproteins and the modification sites in primary neurons. Particularly, a total of 505 sialylated N-glycosylation sites distributed on 345 glycoproteins were identified by 1,6-Pr2ManNAz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifei Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pinou Lv
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinqi Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Dai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Kranaster P, Blum J, Dold JEGA, Wittmann V, Leist M. Use of metabolic glycoengineering and pharmacological inhibitors to assess lipid and protein sialylation on cells. J Neurochem 2023; 164:481-498. [PMID: 36504018 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) has been developed to visualize carbohydrates on live cells. The method allows the fluorescent labeling of sialic acid (Sia) sugar residues on neuronal plasma membranes. For instance, the efficiency of glycosylation along neurite membranes has been characterized as cell health measure in neurotoxicology. Using human dopaminergic neurons as model system, we asked here, whether it was possible to separately label diverse classes of biomolecules and to visualize them selectively on cells. Several approaches suggest that a large proportion of Sia rather incorporated in non-protein components of cell membranes than into glycoproteins. We made use here of deoxymannojirimycin (dMM), a non-toxic inhibitor of protein glycosylation, and of N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NBdNM) a well-tolerated inhibitor of lipid glycosylation, to develop a method of differential labeling of sialylated membrane lipids (lipid-Sia) or sialylated N-glycosylated proteins (protein-Sia) on live neurons. The time resolution at which Sia modification of lipids/proteins was observable was in the range of few hours. The approach was then extended to several other cell types. Using this technique of target-specific MGE, we found that in dopaminergic or sensory neurons >60% of Sia is lipid bound, and thus polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) cannot be considered the major sialylated membrane component. Different from neurons, most Sia was bound to protein in HepG2 hepatoma cells or in neural crest cells. Thus, our method allows visualization of cell-specific sialylation processes for separate classes of membrane constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kranaster
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Jonathan Blum
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Jeremias E G A Dold
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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8
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Park S, Chin-Hun Kuo J, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Recombinant mucin biotechnology and engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 193:114618. [PMID: 36375719 PMCID: PMC10253230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins represent a largely untapped class of polymeric building block for biomaterials, therapeutics, and other biotechnology. Because the mucin polymer backbone is genetically encoded, sequence-specific mucins with defined physical and biochemical properties can be fabricated using recombinant technologies. The pendent O-glycans of mucins are increasingly implicated in immunomodulation, suppression of pathogen virulence, and other biochemical activities. Recent advances in engineered cell production systems are enabling the scalable synthesis of recombinant mucins with precisely tuned glycan side chains, offering exciting possibilities to tune the biological functionality of mucin-based products. New metabolic and chemoenzymatic strategies enable further tuning and functionalization of mucin O-glycans, opening new possibilities to expand the chemical diversity and functionality of mucin building blocks. In this review, we discuss these advances, and the opportunities for engineered mucins in biomedical applications ranging from in vitro models to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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9
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Kufleitner M, Haiber LM, Wittmann V. Metabolic glycoengineering - exploring glycosylation with bioorthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:510-535. [PMID: 36537135 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are involved in numerous biological recognition events. Being secondary gene products, their labeling by genetic methods - comparable to GFP labeling of proteins - is not possible. To overcome this limitation, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE, also known as metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, MOE) has been developed. In this approach, cells or organisms are treated with synthetic carbohydrate derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group. In the cytosol, the compounds are metabolized and incorporated into newly synthesized glycoconjugates. Subsequently, the reporter groups can be further derivatized in a bioorthogonal ligation reaction. In this way, glycans can be visualized or isolated. Furthermore, diverse targeting strategies have been developed to direct drugs, nanoparticles, or whole cells to a desired location. This review summarizes research in the field of MGE carried out in recent years. After an introduction to the bioorthogonal ligation reactions that have been used in in connection with MGE, an overview on carbohydrate derivatives for MGE is given. The last part of the review focuses on the many applications of MGE starting from mammalian cells to experiments with animals and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kufleitner
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Lisa Maria Haiber
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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10
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Mitry MMA, Greco F, Osborn HMI. In Vivo Applications of Bioorthogonal Reactions: Chemistry and Targeting Mechanisms. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203942. [PMID: 36656616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry involves selective biocompatible reactions between functional groups that are not normally present in biology. It has been used to probe biomolecules in living systems, and has advanced biomedical strategies such as diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, the challenges and opportunities encountered when translating in vitro bioorthogonal approaches to in vivo settings are presented, with a focus on methods to deliver the bioorthogonal reaction components. These methods include metabolic bioengineering, active targeting, passive targeting, and simultaneously used strategies. The suitability of bioorthogonal ligation reactions and bond cleavage reactions for in vivo applications is critically appraised, and practical considerations such as the optimum scheduling regimen in pretargeting approaches are discussed. Finally, we present our own perspectives for this area and identify what, in our view, are the key challenges that must be overcome to maximise the impact of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M A Mitry
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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11
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Switching azide and alkyne tags on bioorthogonal reporters in metabolic labeling of sialylatedglycoconjugates: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22129. [PMID: 36550357 PMCID: PMC9780200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation of cell surface glycans plays an essential role in cell-cell interaction and communication of cells with their microenvironment. Among the tools that have been developed for the study of sialylation in living cells, metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) exploits the biosynthetic pathway of sialic acid (Sia) to incorporate unnatural monosaccharides into nascent sialylatedglycoconjugates, followed by their detection by a bioorthogonal ligation of a molecular probe. Among bioorthogonal reactions, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is the only ligation where both reactive tags can be switched on the chemical reporter or on the probe, making this reaction very flexible and adaptable to various labeling strategies. Azide- and alkyne-modified ManNAc and Sia reporters have been widely used, but per-O-acetylated ManNAz (Ac4ManNAz) remains the most popular choice so far for tracking intracellular processing of sialoglycans and cell surface sialylation in various cells. Taking advantage of CuAAC, we compared the metabolic incorporation of ManNAl, ManNAz, SiaNAl, SiaNAz and Ac4ManNAz in the human colon cell lines CCD841CoN, HT29 and HCT116, and in the two gold standard cell lines, HEK293 and HeLa. Using complementary approaches, we showed marked differences in the efficiency of labeling of sialoglycoproteins between the different chemical reporters in a given cell line, and that switching the azide and alkyne bioorthogonal tags on the analogs highly impacted their metabolic incorporation in the human colon cell lines. Our results also indicated that ManNAz was the most promiscuous metabolized reporter to study sialylation in these cells.
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Recent applications of ionic liquid-based tags in glycoscience. Carbohydr Res 2022; 520:108643. [PMID: 35977445 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of glycosides with ionic compounds such as ionic liquids provides enhanced polarity for the labelled glycans thanks to the presence of a permanent positive charge. The chemical derivatisation of glycans with ionic liquids constitutes an emerging strategy to boost the detection sensitivity in MS applications. This allows the straightforward monitoring and detection of the presence of labelled glycans in complex matrices and in those cases where very limited amounts of material were available such as in biological samples and chemoenzymatic reactions. The use of ionic liquid based derivatisation agents can be further exploited for the labelling of live cells via metabolic oligosaccharide engineering for the detection of cancer biomarkers and for the tuning of live cells-surface properties with implications in cancer prognosis and progression. In this mini-review we summarise the latest development of the ionic liquid based derivatisation agents in glycoscience focussing on their use for sensitive MS applications.
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Yazdi MK, Sajadi SM, Seidi F, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Rabiee M, Dominic C.D. M, Zarrintaj P, Formela K, Saeb MR, Bencherif SA. Clickable Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Prog Polym Sci 2022; 133:101590. [PMID: 37779922 PMCID: PMC10540641 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials science and engineering highlight the importance of designing sophisticated biomaterials with well-defined architectures and tunable properties for emerging biomedical applications. Click chemistry, a powerful method allowing specific and controllable bioorthogonal reactions, has revolutionized our ability to make complex molecular structures with a high level of specificity, selectivity, and yield under mild conditions. These features combined with minimal byproduct formation have enabled the design of a wide range of macromolecular architectures from quick and versatile click reactions. Furthermore, copper-free click chemistry has resulted in a change of paradigm, allowing researchers to perform highly selective chemical reactions in biological environments to further understand the structure and function of cells. In living systems, introducing clickable groups into biomolecules such as polysaccharides (PSA) has been explored as a general approach to conduct medicinal chemistry and potentially help solve healthcare needs. De novo biosynthetic pathways for chemical synthesis have also been exploited and optimized to perform PSA-based bioconjugation inside living cells without interfering with their native processes or functions. This strategy obviates the need for laborious and costly chemical reactions which normally require extensive and time-consuming purification steps. Using these approaches, various PSA-based macromolecules have been manufactured as building blocks for the design of novel biomaterials. Clickable PSA provides a powerful and versatile toolbox for biomaterials scientists and will increasingly play a crucial role in the biomedical field. Specifically, bioclick reactions with PSA have been leveraged for the design of advanced drug delivery systems and minimally invasive injectable hydrogels. In this review article, we have outlined the key aspects and breadth of PSA-derived bioclick reactions as a powerful and versatile toolbox to design advanced polymeric biomaterials for biomedical applications such as molecular imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Additionally, we have also discussed the past achievements, present developments, and recent trends of clickable PSA-based biomaterials such as 3D printing, as well as their challenges, clinical translatability, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - S. Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 625, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, 624, KRG, Iraq
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Midhun Dominic C.D.
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Kochi, Kerala Pin-682013, India
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Sorbonne University, UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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Parle D, Bulat F, Fouad S, Zecchini H, Brindle KM, Neves AA, Leeper FJ. Metabolic Glycan Labeling of Cancer Cells Using Variably Acetylated Monosaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1467-1473. [PMID: 35876696 PMCID: PMC9389531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylcyclopropene (Cyoc)-tagged tetra-acetylated monosaccharides, and in particular mannosamine derivatives, are promising tools for medical imaging of cancer using metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and the extremely fast inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder bioorthogonal reaction. However, the in vivo potential of these monosaccharide derivatives has yet to be fully explored due to their low aqueous solubility. To address this issue, we sought to vary the extent of acetylation of Cyoc-tagged monosaccharides and probe its effect on the extent of glycan labeling in various cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that, in the case of AcxManNCyoc, tri- and diacetylated derivatives generated significantly enhanced cell labeling compared to the tetra-acetylated monosaccharide. In contrast, for the more readily soluble azide-tagged sugars, a decrease in acetylation led to decreased glycan labeling. Ac3ManNCyoc gave better labeling than the azido-tagged Ac4ManNAz and has significant potential for in vitro and in vivo imaging of glycosylated cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
R. Parle
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviu Bulat
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Shahd Fouad
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Zecchini
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - André A. Neves
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Nellinger S, Rapp MA, Southan A, Wittmann V, Kluger PJ. An Advanced 'clickECM' That Can be Modified by the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100266. [PMID: 34343379 PMCID: PMC9291553 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents the natural environment of cells in tissue and therefore is a promising biomaterial in a variety of applications. Depending on the purpose, it is necessary to equip the ECM with specific addressable functional groups for further modification with bioactive molecules, for controllable cross-linking and/or covalent binding to surfaces. Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) enables the specific modification of the ECM with such functional groups without affecting the native structure of the ECM. In a previous approach (S. M. Ruff, S. Keller, D. E. Wieland, V. Wittmann, G. E. M. Tovar, M. Bach, P. J. Kluger, Acta Biomater. 2017, 52, 159-170), we demonstrated the modification of an ECM with azido groups, which can be addressed by bioorthogonal copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Here, we demonstrate the modification of an ECM with dienophiles (terminal alkenes, cyclopropene), which can be addressed by an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. This reaction is cell friendly as there are no cytotoxic catalysts needed. We show the equipment of the ECM with a bioactive molecule (enzyme) and prove that the functional groups do not influence cellular behavior. Thus, this new material has great potential for use as a biomaterial, which can be individually modified in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nellinger
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, School of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Mareike A Rapp
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra J Kluger
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, School of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
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Govindarajan A, Gnanasambandam V. Toward Intracellular Bioconjugation Using Transition-Metal-Free Techniques. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1431-1454. [PMID: 34197073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is the chemical strategy of covalent modification of biomolecules, using either an external reagent or other biomolecules. Since its inception in the twentieth century, the technique has grown by leaps and bounds, and has a variety of applications in chemical biology. However, it is yet to reach its full potential in the study of biochemical processes in live cells, mainly because the bioconjugation strategies conflict with cellular processes. This has mostly been overcome by using transition metal catalysts, but the presence of metal centers limit them to in vitro use, or to the cell surface. These hurdles can potentially be circumvented by using metal-free strategies. However, the very modifications that are necessary to make such metal-free reactions proceed effectively may impact their biocompatibility. This is because biological processes are easily perturbed and greatly depend on the prevailing inter- and intracellular environment. With this taken into consideration, this review analyzes the applicability of the transition-metal-free strategies reported in this decade to the study of biochemical processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Govindarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry - 605014, India
| | - Vasuki Gnanasambandam
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry - 605014, India
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Huxley KE, Willems LI. Chemical reporters to study mammalian O-glycosylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:903-913. [PMID: 33860782 PMCID: PMC8106504 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play essential roles in a range of cellular processes and have been shown to contribute to various pathologies. The diversity and dynamic nature of glycan structures and the complexities of glycan biosynthetic pathways make it challenging to study the roles of specific glycans in normal cellular function and disease. Chemical reporters have emerged as powerful tools to characterise glycan structures and monitor dynamic changes in glycan levels in a native context. A variety of tags can be introduced onto specific monosaccharides via the chemical modification of endogenous glycan structures or by metabolic or enzymatic incorporation of unnatural monosaccharides into cellular glycans. These chemical reporter strategies offer unique opportunities to study and manipulate glycan functions in living cells or whole organisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and chemoenzymatic glycan labelling, focusing on their application to the study of mammalian O-linked glycans. We describe current barriers to achieving glycan labelling specificity and highlight innovations that have started to pave the way to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Huxley
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Lianne I. Willems
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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Haiber LM, Kufleitner M, Wittmann V. Application of the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction for Metabolic Glycoengineering. Front Chem 2021; 9:654932. [PMID: 33928067 PMCID: PMC8076787 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.654932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA or DAinv) reaction is an emerging bioorthogonal ligation reaction that finds application in all areas of chemistry and chemical biology. In this review we highlight its application in metabolic glycoengineering (MGE). MGE is a versatile tool to introduce unnatural sugar derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group into cellular glycans. The IEDDA reaction can then be used to modify the chemical reporter group allowing, for instance, the visualization or isolation of glycoconjugates. During the last years, many different sugar derivatives as well as reporter groups have been published. These probes are summarized, and their chemical and biological properties are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss examples of MGE and subsequent IEDDA reaction that highlight its suitability for application within living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Wittmann V. Meet Our Editorial Board Member. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x1801210210122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Metabolic Glycoengineering in hMSC-TERT as a Model for Skeletal Precursors by Using Modified Azide/Alkyne Monosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062820. [PMID: 33802220 PMCID: PMC7999278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering enables a directed modification of cell surfaces by introducing target molecules to surface proteins displaying new features. Biochemical pathways involving glycans differ in dependence on the cell type; therefore, this technique should be tailored for the best results. We characterized metabolic glycoengineering in telomerase-immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC-TERT) as a model for primary hMSC, to investigate its applicability in TERT-modified cell lines. The metabolic incorporation of N-azidoacetylmannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) and N-alkyneacetylmannosamine (Ac4ManNAl) into the glycocalyx as a first step in the glycoengineering process revealed no adverse effects on cell viability or gene expression, and the in vitro multipotency (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential) was maintained under these adapted culture conditions. In the second step, glycoengineered cells were modified with fluorescent dyes using Cu-mediated click chemistry. In these analyses, the two mannose derivatives showed superior incorporation efficiencies compared to glucose and galactose isomers. In time-dependent experiments, the incorporation of Ac4ManNAz was detectable for up to six days while Ac4ManNAl-derived metabolites were absent after two days. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the successful metabolic glycoengineering of immortalized hMSC resulting in transient cell surface modifications, and thus present a useful model to address different scientific questions regarding glycosylation processes in skeletal precursors.
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Dold JEGA, Wittmann V. Metabolic Glycoengineering with Azide- and Alkene-Modified Hexosamines: Quantification of Sialic Acid Levels. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1243-1251. [PMID: 33180370 PMCID: PMC8048827 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an established method to incorporate chemical reporter groups into cellular glycans for subsequent bioorthogonal labeling. The method has found broad application for the visualization and isolation of glycans allowing their biological roles to be probed. Furthermore, targeting of drugs to cancer cells that present high concentrations of sialic acids on their surface is an attractive approach. We report the application of a labeling reaction using 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene for the quantification of sialic acid derivates after MGE with various azide‐ and alkene‐modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc derivatives. We followed the time course of sialic acid production and were able to detect sialic acids modified with the chemical reporter group – not only after addition of ManNAc derivatives to the cell culture. A cyclopropane‐modified ManNAc derivative, being a model for the corresponding cyclopropene analog, which undergoes fast inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reactions with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines, resulted in the highest incorporation efficiency. Furthermore, we investigated whether feeding the cells with natural and unnatural ManNAc derivative results in increased levels of sialic acids and found that this is strongly dependent on the investigated cell type and cell fraction. For HEK 293T cells, a strong increase in free sialic acids in the cell interior was found, whereas cell‐surface sialic acid levels are only moderately increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
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