Co‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchical Mesoporous Yolk‐shell‐structured Nanoreactor for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate

A review on synthesis of MOF-derived carbon composites: innovations in electrochemical, environmental and electrocatalytic technologies

Carbon composites derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise as multipurpose materials for a range of electrochemical and environmental applications. Since carbon-based nanomaterials exhibit intriguing features, they have been widely exploited as catalysts or catalysts supports in the chemical industry or for energy or environmental applications. To improve the catalytic performance of carbon-based materials, high surface areas, variable porosity, and functionalization are thought to be essential. This study offers a thorough summary of the most recent developments in MOF-derived carbon composite synthesis techniques, emphasizing innovative approaches that improve the structural and functional characteristics of the materials. Their uses in electrochemical technologies, such as energy conversion and storage, and their function in environmental electrocatalysis for water splitting and pollutant degradation are also included in the debate. This review seeks to clarify the revolutionary effect of carbon composites formed from MOFs on sustainable technology solutions by analyzing current research trends and innovations, opening the door for further advancements in this rapidly evolving sector.

Reusable Cobalt-Catalyzed Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Azoarenes and Nitroarenes

Herein, control transfer hydrogenation (TH) of azoarenes to hydrazo compounds is established employing easy-to-synthesize reusable cobalt catalyst using lower amounts of N₂H₄·H₂O under mild conditions. With this effective methodology, a library of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azoarene derivatives was successfully converted to their corresponding hydrazo derivatives. Further, this protocol was extended to the TH of nitroarenes to amines with good-to-excellent yields. Several kinetic studies along with Hammett studies were carried out to understand the plausible mechanism and the electronic effects in this transformation. This inexpensive catalyst can be recycled up to five times without considerable loss of catalytic activity.

The Application of Modified SBA-15 as a Chemosensor

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The Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15), with a large surface area covered with abundant Si-OH active groups on the walls of its pores, can be modified with various organic compounds to build organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which can be used as a catalyst in organic reactions, drug delivery systems, nano sorbent due to its high capacity for removing heavy metals in waste water and as chemosensors for ions. Tunable and straight channels of SBA-15 facilitate the entrance and diffusion of ions through the channels. This paper presents a review of the past five years of literature covering the application of SBA-15 as an ions chemosensor in the liquid and gaseous media.

1T-MoS2 catalysed reduction of nitroarenes and a one-pot synthesis of imines

An expedient synthesis of aromatic amines and imines via the reduction of nitroaromatics using 1T-MoS2 as a heterogeneous catalyst.

Facile and template-free synthesis of porous carbon modified with FeOx for transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes

Porous carbon modified with FeOx was developed using an in situ activation method for transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes.

Recent Advances on Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon/Metal Materials: Fascinating Heterogeneous Catalysts for Organic Transformations

Design and preparation of low-cost, effective, and novel catalysts are important topics in the field of heterogeneous catalysis from academic and industrial perspectives. Recently, heteroatom-doped porous carbon/metal materials have received significant attention as promising catalysts in divergent organic reactions. Incorporation of heteroatom into the carbon framework can tailor the properties of carbon, providing suitable interaction between support and metal, resulting in superior catalytic performance compared with those of traditional pure carbon/metal catalytic systems. In this review, we try to underscore the recent advances in the design, preparation, and application of heteroatom-doped porous carbon/metal catalysts towards various organic transformations.

Recent advances on preparation and environmental applications of MOF-derived carbons in catalysis

Carbon materials derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have excellent properties of high surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore size, high conductivity and stability, and their applications in catalysis have become a rapidly expanding research field. In this review, we have summarized the synthesis strategies of MOF-derived carbons with different physical and chemical properties, obtained through direct carbonization, co-pyrolysis and post-treatment. The potential applications of derived carbons, especially monometal-, bimetal-, nonmetal-doped and metal-free carbons in organo-catalysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are analyzed in detail from the environmental perspective. In addition, the improvement of catalytic efficiency is also considered from the aspects of increasing active sites, enhancing the activity of reactants and promoting free electron transfer. The function and synergy of various species of the composites in the catalytic reaction are summarized. The reaction paths and mechanisms are analyzed, and research ideas or trends are proposed for further development.

Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes to Arylamines by the Cooperative Action of Methylhydrazine and a Tris(N-heterocyclic thioamidate) Cobalt(III) Complex

We report an efficient catalytic protocol that chemoselectively reduces nitroarenes to arylamines, by using methylhydrazine as a reducing agent in combination with the easily synthesized and robust catalyst tris(N-heterocyclic thioamidate) Co(III) complex [Co(κS,N-tfmp2S)₃], tfmp2S = 4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine-2-thiolate. A series of arylamines and heterocyclic amines were formed in excellent yields and chemoselectivity. High conversion yields of nitroarenes into the corresponding amines were observed by using polar protic solvents, such as MeOH and ⁱPrOH. Among several hydrogen donors that were examined, methylhydrazine demonstrated the best performance. Preliminary mechanistic investigations, supported by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, suggest a cooperative action of methylhydrazine and [Co(κS,N-tfmp2S)₃] via a coordination activation pathway that leads to the formation of a reduced cobalt species, responsible for the catalytic transformation. In general, the corresponding N-arylhydroxylamines were identified as the sole intermediates. Nevertheless, the corresponding nitrosoarenes can also be formed as intermediates, which, however, are rapidly transformed into the desired arylamines in the presence of methylhydrazine through a noncatalytic path. On the basis of the observed high chemoselectivity and yields, and the fast and clean reaction processes, the present catalytic system [Co(κS,N-tfmp2S)₃]/MeNHNH₂ shows promise for the efficient synthesis of aromatic amines that could find various industrial applications.

Solid wetting-layers in inorganic nano-reactors: the water in imogolite nanotube case

By combined use of wide-angle X-ray scattering, thermo-gravimetric analysis, inelastic neutron scattering, density functional theory and density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structure, dynamics and stability of the water wetting-layer in single-walled aluminogermanate imogolite nanotubes (SW Ge-INTs): an archetypal system for synthetically controllable and monodisperse nano-reactors. We demonstrate that the water wetting-layer is strongly bound and solid-like up to 300 K under atmospheric pressure, with dynamics markedly different from that of bulk water. Atomic-scale characterisation of the wetting-layer reveals organisation of the H₂O molecules in a curved triangular sublattice stabilised by the formation of three H-bonds to the nanotube's inner surface, with covalent interactions sufficiently strong to promote energetically favourable decoupling of the H₂O molecules in the adlayer. The evidenced changes in the local composition, structure, electrostatics and dynamics of the Ge-INT's inner surface upon the formation of the solid wetting-layer demonstrate solvent-mediated functionalisation of the nanotube's cavity at room temperature and pressure, suggesting new strategies for the design of nano-rectors towards potential control of chemical reactivity in nano-confined volumes.