1
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Chen M, Fu W, Hou C, Zhu Y, Meng F. Recent Functionalized Strategies of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anode Protection of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403724. [PMID: 39004846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The inherent benefits of aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs), such as environmental friendliness, affordability, and high theoretical capacity, render them promising candidates for energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the Zn anodes of ZIBs encounter severe challenges, including dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction, corrosion, and surface passivation. These would result in the infeasibility of ZIBs in practical situations. To this end, artificial interfaces with functionalized materials are crafted to protect the Zn anode. They have the capability to modulate the zinc ion flux in proximity to the electrode surface and shield it from aqueous electrolytes by leveraging either size effects or charge effects. Considering metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable pore size, chemical composition, and stable framework structures, they have emerged as effective materials for building artificial interfaces, prolonging the lifespan, and improving the unitization of Zn anode. In this review, the contributions of MOFs for protecting Zn anode, which mainly involves facilitating homogeneous nucleation, manipulating selective deposition, regulating ion and charge flux, accelerating Zn desolvation, and shielding against free water and anions are comprehensively summarized. Importantly, the future research trajectories of MOFs for the protection of the Zn anode are underscored, which may propose new perspectives on the practical Zn anode and endow the MOFs with high-value applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Chunchao Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Yunhai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Fanlu Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
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2
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Jett B, Flynn A, Sigman MS, Sanford MS. Identifying structure-function relationships to modulate crossover in nonaqueous redox flow batteries. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:22288-22294. [PMID: 38213509 PMCID: PMC10783818 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta02633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) offer a promising solution for large-scale storage of renewable energy. However, crossover of redox active molecules between the two sides of the cell is a major factor limiting their development, as most selective separators are designed for deployment in water, rather than organic solvents. This report describes a systematic investigation of the crossover rates of redox active organic molecules through an anion exchange separator under RFB-relevant non-aqueous conditions (in acetonitrile/KPF6) using a combination of experimental and computational methods. A structurally diverse set of neutral and cationic molecules was selected, and their rates of crossover were determined experimentally with the organic solvent-compatible anion exchange separator Fumasep FAP-375-PP. The resulting data were then fit to various descriptors of molecular size, charge, and hydrophobicity (overall charge, solution diffusion coefficient, globularity, dynamic volume, dynamic surface area, clogP). This analysis resulted in multiple statistical models of crossover rates for this separator. These models were then used to predict tether groups that dramatically slow the crossover of small organic molecules in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Jett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Autumn Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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3
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Hashemi A, Khakpour R, Mahdian A, Busch M, Peljo P, Laasonen K. Density functional theory and machine learning for electrochemical square-scheme prediction: an application to quinone-type molecules relevant to redox flow batteries. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:1565-1576. [PMID: 38013904 PMCID: PMC10561546 DOI: 10.1039/d3dd00091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Proton-electron transfer (PET) reactions are rather common in chemistry and crucial in energy storage applications. How electrons and protons are involved or which mechanism dominates is strongly molecule and pH dependent. Quantum chemical methods can be used to assess redox potential (Ered.) and acidity constant (pKa) values but the computations are rather time consuming. In this work, supervised machine learning (ML) models are used to predict PET reactions and analyze molecular space. The data for ML have been created by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Random forest regression models are trained and tested on a dataset that we created. The dataset contains more than 8200 quinone-type organic molecules that each underwent two proton and two electron transfer reactions. Both structural and chemical descriptors are used. The HOMO of the reactant and LUMO of the product participating in the oxidation reaction appeared to be strongly associated with Ered.. Trained models using a SMILES-based structural descriptor can efficiently predict the pKa and Ered. with a mean absolute error of less than 1 and 66 mV, respectively. Good prediction accuracy of R2 > 0.76 and >0.90 was also obtained on the external test set for Ered. and pKa, respectively. This hybrid DFT-ML study can be applied to speed up the screening of quinone-type molecules for energy storage and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Reza Khakpour
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Amir Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Michael Busch
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku 20014 Turun Yliopisto Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
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4
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Chen R, Zhang P, Chang Z, Yan J, Kraus T. Grafting and Solubilization of Redox-Active Organic Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201993. [PMID: 36625759 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns the development of sustainable design strategies of aqueous electrolytes for redox flow batteries using redox-active organic materials. A green spontaneous grafting reaction occurs between a redox-active organic radical and an electrochemically activated structural modifier at room temperature through a simple mixing step. Then, a physical mixing method is used to formulate a structured aqueous electrolyte and enables aqueous solubilization of the organic solute from below 0.5 to 1.5 m beyond the conventional dissolution limit. The as-obtained concentrated mixture can be readily used as catholyte for a redox flow battery. A record high discharge cell voltage (1.6 V onset output voltage) in aqueous non-hybrid flow cell is attained by using the studied electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Chen
- Saarland University, KIST Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L7 3NY, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212003, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Chen R. Redox Flow Batteries: Electrolyte Chemistries Unlock the Thermodynamic Limits. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201024. [PMID: 36367282 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent a promising approach to enabling the widespread integration of intermittent renewable energy. Rapid developments in RFB materials and electrolyte chemistries are needed to meet the cost and performance targets. In this review, special emphasis is given to the recent advances how electrolyte design could circumvent the main thermodynamic restrictions of aqueous electrolytes. The recent success of aqueous electrolyte chemistries has been demonstrated by extending the electrochemical stability window of water beyond the thermodynamic limit, the operating temperature window beyond the thermodynamic freezing temperature of water and crystallization of redox-active materials, and the aqueous solubility beyond the thermodynamic solubility limit. They would open new avenues towards enhanced energy storage and all-climate adaptability. Depending on the constituent, concentration and condition of electrolytes, the performance gain has been correlated to the specific solvation environment, interactions among species and ion association at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Chen
- Materials Innovation Factory Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, United Kingdom.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Makarova MV, Akkuratov AV, Sideltsev ME, Stevenson KJ, Romadina EI. Novel Ethylene Glycol Substituted Benzoxadiazole and Benzothiadiazole as Anolytes for Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Makarova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Akkuratov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics (IPCP RAS) Russian Academy of Sciences Semenov Prospect 1 Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Maxim E. Sideltsev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics (IPCP RAS) Russian Academy of Sciences Semenov Prospect 1 Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I. Romadina
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205, Russian Federation
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7
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Rohland P, Schröter E, Nolte O, Newkome GR, Hager MD, Schubert US. Redox-active polymers: The magic key towards energy storage – a polymer design guideline progress in polymer science. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Shahsavan M, Wiberg C, Peljo P. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-functionalized naphthalene diimide for aqueous organic flow batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12692-12695. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid-functionalized naphthalene diimide (GABA-NDI) was synthesized and cycled in a flow battery coupled with ferrocyanide. The battery demonstrated a coulombic efficiency of 99.96% and an energy efficiency of 80.9% at 60 mA cm−2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shahsavan
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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9
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Nolte O, Volodin IA, Stolze C, Hager MD, Schubert US. Trust is good, control is better: a review on monitoring and characterization techniques for flow battery electrolytes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1866-1925. [PMID: 34846470 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow batteries (FBs) currently are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies for energy grids with a large share of renewable electricity generation. Among the main technological challenges for the economic operation of a large-scale battery technology is its calendar lifetime, which ideally has to cover a few decades without significant loss of performance. This requirement can only be met if the key parameters representing the performance losses of the system are continuously monitored and optimized during the operation. Nearly all performance parameters of a FB are related to the two electrolytes as the electrochemical storage media and we therefore focus on them in this review. We first survey the literature on the available characterization methods for the key FB electrolyte parameters. Based on these, we comprehensively review the currently available approaches for assessing the most important electrolyte state variables: the state-of-charge (SOC) and the state-of-health (SOH). We furthermore discuss how monitoring and operation strategies are commonly implemented as online tools to optimize the electrolyte performance and recover lost battery capacity as well as how their automation is realized via battery management systems (BMSs). Our key findings on the current state of this research field are finally highlighted and the potential for further progress is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nolte
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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10
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Zhang C, Chen H, Qian Y, Dai G, Zhao Y, Yu G. General Design Methodology for Organic Eutectic Electrolytes toward High-Energy-Density Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008560. [PMID: 33687776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of strong molecular interactions, eutectic electrolytes provide highly concentrated redox-active materials without other auxiliary solvents, hence achieving high volumetric capacities and energy density for redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, it is critical to unveil the underlying mechanism in this system, which will be undoubtedly beneficial for their future research on high-energy storage systems. Herein, a general formation mechanism of organic eutectic electrolytes (OEEs) is developed, and it is found that molecules with specific functional groups such as carbonyl (CO), nitroxyl radical (NO•), and methoxy (OCH3 ) groups can coordinate with alkali metal fluorinated sulfonylimide salts (especially for bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, TFSI), thereby forming OEEs. Molecular designs further demonstrate that the redox-inactive methoxy group functionalized ferrocene derivative maintains the liquid OEE at both reduced and oxidized states. Over threefold increase in solubility is obtained (2.8 m for ferrocene derivative OEE) and high actual discharge energy density of 188 Wh L-1 (75% of the theoretical value) is achieved in the Li hybrid cell. The established mechanism presents new ways of designing desirable electrolytes through molecular interactions for the development of high-energy-density organic RFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gaole Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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11
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Zhao Y, Sarnello ES, Robertson LA, Zhang J, Shi Z, Yu Z, Bheemireddy SR, Z Y, Li T, Assary RS, Cheng L, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Shkrob IA. Competitive Pi-Stacking and H-Bond Piling Increase Solubility of Heterocyclic Redoxmers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10409-10418. [PMID: 33158362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Redoxmers are organic molecules that carry electric charge in flow batteries. In many instances, they consist of heteroaromatic moieties modified with appended groups to prevent stacking of the planar cores and increase solubility in liquid electrolytes. This higher solubility is desired as it potentially allows achieving greater energy density in the battery. However, the present synthetic strategies often yield bulky molecules with low molarity even when they are neat and still lower molarity in liquid solutions. Fortunately, there are exceptions to this rule. Here, we examine one well-studied redoxmer, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, which has solubility ∼5.7 M in acetonitrile at 25 °C. We show computationally and prove experimentally that the competition between two packing motifs, face-to-face π-stacking and random N-H bond piling, introduces frustration that confounds nucleation in crowded solutions. Our findings and examples from related systems suggest a complementary strategy for the molecular design of redoxmers for high energy density redox flow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Erik S Sarnello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Lily A Robertson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhangxing Shi
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhou Yu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sambasiva R Bheemireddy
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Y Z
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tao Li
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States.,X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rajeev S Assary
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhengcheng Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ilya A Shkrob
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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12
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Wang X, Chai J, Lashgari A, Jiang JJ. Azobenzene‐Based Low‐Potential Anolyte for Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati 45221-0172, Ohio United States
| | - Jingchao Chai
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati 45221-0172, Ohio United States
| | - Amir Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati 45221-0172, Ohio United States
| | - Jianbing Jimmy Jiang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati 45221-0172, Ohio United States
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13
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Huang J, Dong X, Guo Z, Wang Y. Progress of Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18322-18333. [PMID: 32329546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous batteries using inorganic compounds as electrode materials are considered a promising solution for grid-scale energy storage, while wide application is limited by the short life and/or high cost of electrodes. Organics with carbonyl groups are being investigated as the alternative to inorganic electrode materials because they offer the advantages of tunable structures, renewability, and they are environmentally benign. Furthermore, the wide internal space of such organic materials enables flexible storage of various charged ions (for example, H+ , Li+ , Na+ , K+ , Zn2+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ , and so on). We offer a comprehensive overview of the progress of organics containing carbonyls for energy storage and conversion in aqueous electrolytes, including applications in aqueous batteries as solid-state electrodes, in flow batteries as soluble redox species, and in water electrolysis as redox buffer electrodes. The advantages of organic electrodes are summarized, with a discussion of the challenges remaining for their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaowei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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14
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Huang J, Dong X, Guo Z, Wang Y. Progress of Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Huang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhaowei Guo
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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15
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Chen R, Bresser D, Saraf M, Gerlach P, Balducci A, Kunz S, Schröder D, Passerini S, Chen J. A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic-Material-Based Energy-Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2205-2219. [PMID: 31995281 PMCID: PMC7318708 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte chemistry is critical for any energy-storage device. Low-cost and sustainable rechargeable batteries based on organic redox-active materials are of great interest to tackle resource and performance limitations of current batteries with metal-based active materials. Organic active materials can be used not only as solid electrodes in the classic lithium-ion battery (LIB) setup, but also as redox fluids in redox-flow batteries (RFBs). Accordingly, they have suitability for mobile and stationary applications, respectively. Herein, different types of electrolytes, recent advances for designing better performing electrolytes, and remaining scientific challenges are discussed and summarized. Due to different configurations and requirements between LIBs and RFBs, the similarities and differences for choosing suitable electrolytes are discussed. Both general and specific strategies for promoting the utilization of organic active materials are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Chen
- Transfercenter Sustainable ElectrochemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Dominic Bresser
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)89081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Mohit Saraf
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)89081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patrick Gerlach
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental ChemistryCenter for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Andrea Balducci
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental ChemistryCenter for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Simon Kunz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen35392GießenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University Giessen35392GießenGermany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen35392GießenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University Giessen35392GießenGermany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)89081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
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16
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Kwabi DG, Ji Y, Aziz MJ. Electrolyte Lifetime in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6467-6489. [PMID: 32053366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) could enable widespread integration of renewable energy, but only if costs are sufficiently low. Because the levelized cost of storage for an RFB is a function of electrolyte lifetime, understanding and improving the chemical stability of active reactants in RFBs is a critical research challenge. We review known or hypothesized molecular decomposition mechanisms for all five classes of aqueous redox-active organics and organometallics for which cycling lifetime results have been reported: quinones, viologens, aza-aromatics, iron coordination complexes, and nitroxide radicals. We collect, analyze, and compare capacity fade rates from all aqueous organic electrolytes that have been utilized in the capacity-limiting side of flow or hybrid flow/nonflow cells, noting also their redox potentials and demonstrated concentrations of transferrable electrons. We categorize capacity fade rates as being "high" (>1%/day), "moderate" (0.1-1%/day), "low" (0.02-0.1%/day), and "extremely low" (≤0.02%/day) and discuss the degree to which the fade rates have been linked to decomposition mechanisms. Capacity fade is observed to be time-denominated rather than cycle-denominated, with a temporal rate that can depend on molecular concentrations and electrolyte state of charge through, e.g., bimolecular decomposition mechanisms. We then review measurement methods for capacity fade rate and find that simple galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling is inadequate for assessing capacity fade when fade rates are low or extremely low and recommend refining methods to include potential holds for accurately assessing molecular lifetimes under such circumstances. We consider separately symmetric cell cycling results, the interpretation of which is simplified by the absence of a different counter-electrolyte. We point out the chemistries with low or extremely low established fade rates that also exhibit open circuit potentials of 1.0 V or higher and transferrable electron concentrations of 1.0 M or higher, which are promising performance characteristics for RFB commercialization. We point out important directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yunlong Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael J Aziz
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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17
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Abstract
Here, we describe selected work on the development and study of nanofluids based on graphene and reduced graphene oxide both in aqueous and organic electrolytes. A thorough study of thermal properties of graphene in amide organic solvents (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) showed a substantial increase of thermal conductivity and specific heat upon graphene integration in those solvents. In addition to these thermal studies, our group has also pioneered a distinct line of work on electroactive nanofluids for energy storage. In this case, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanofluids in aqueous electrolytes were studied and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycles (i.e., in new flow cells). In addition, hybrid configurations (both hybrid nanofluid materials and hybrid cells combining faradaic and capacitive activities) were studied and are summarized here.
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