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Gagnon LG, Czaikowski ME, Peacock-López E. Dynamic properties of a self-replicating peptide network with inhibition. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:225101. [PMID: 36546800 DOI: 10.1063/5.0119945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report an open system consisting of three self-replicating peptides, in which peptide 1 inhibits the duplex template of peptide 2, peptide 2 inhibits duplex 3, and peptide 3 inhibits duplex 1 to complete the negative feedback loop. This interacting chemical network yields oscillations in the concentrations of all species over time and establishes a possible mechanism for pre-biotic chemical systems organization. The first focus of our analysis is the effect of altering rates of duplex formation and inhibition on oscillations. We then examine the autocatalytic rate constant in the symmetric and asymmetric cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille G Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - Maia E Czaikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
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2
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Achour S, Hosni Z, Darghouthi S, Syme C. Assisted dipeptide bond formation: glycine as a case study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07276. [PMID: 34195408 PMCID: PMC8225972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide bond formation is a crucial chemical process that dominates most biological mechanisms and is claimed to be a governing factor in the origin of life. Dipeptides made from glycine are studied computationally via Density Functional Theory (DFT) using two different basis sets. This reaction was investigated from both a thermodynamic and kinetic point of view. The effect of explicit assistance via the introduction of discrete solvent molecules was investigated. Water, methanol, and cyclohexane were all employed as solvent media in addition to gas to investigate their effects on the mechanism of peptide bond formation. This computational investigation revealed that methanol is slightly better than water to leverage peptide bond formation both kinetically and thermodynamically, while cyclohexane, a non-polar and non-protic solvent, is the least effective after gas as a medium of solvation. Energetic results in the gas environment are very close to those obtained in polar and protic solvents, suggesting that peptide bonds can be formed under interstellar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiene Achour
- University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unity of Modeling in Fundamental Sciences and Didactics, Team of Theoretical Chemistry and Reactivity, BP 254, El Manar 2, 2096, Tunisia
| | - Zied Hosni
- Sheffield Chemoinformatics Research Group, Information School, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 211 Portobello, S1 4DP, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarra Darghouthi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unity of Modeling in Fundamental Sciences and Didactics, Team of Theoretical Chemistry and Reactivity, BP 254, El Manar 2, 2096, Tunisia
| | - Christopher Syme
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, Garscube Campus, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
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3
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Enhancing native chemical ligation for challenging chemical protein syntheses. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 58:37-44. [PMID: 32745915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation has enabled the chemical synthesis of proteins for a wide variety of applications (e.g., mirror-image proteins). However, inefficiencies of this chemoselective ligation in the context of large or otherwise challenging protein targets can limit the practical scope of chemical protein synthesis. In this review, we focus on recent developments aimed at enhancing and expanding native chemical ligation for challenging protein syntheses. Chemical auxiliaries, use of selenium chemistry, and templating all enable ligations at otherwise suboptimal junctions. The continuing development of these tools is making the chemical synthesis of large proteins increasingly accessible.
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4
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Frenkel-Pinter M, Samanta M, Ashkenasy G, Leman LJ. Prebiotic Peptides: Molecular Hubs in the Origin of Life. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4707-4765. [PMID: 32101414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental roles that peptides and proteins play in today's biology makes it almost indisputable that peptides were key players in the origin of life. Insofar as it is appropriate to extrapolate back from extant biology to the prebiotic world, one must acknowledge the critical importance that interconnected molecular networks, likely with peptides as key components, would have played in life's origin. In this review, we summarize chemical processes involving peptides that could have contributed to early chemical evolution, with an emphasis on molecular interactions between peptides and other classes of organic molecules. We first summarize mechanisms by which amino acids and similar building blocks could have been produced and elaborated into proto-peptides. Next, non-covalent interactions of peptides with other peptides as well as with nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, metal ions, and aromatic molecules are discussed in relation to the possible roles of such interactions in chemical evolution of structure and function. Finally, we describe research involving structural alternatives to peptides and covalent adducts between amino acids/peptides and other classes of molecules. We propose that ample future breakthroughs in origin-of-life chemistry will stem from investigations of interconnected chemical systems in which synergistic interactions between different classes of molecules emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Frenkel-Pinter
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, https://centerforchemicalevolution.com/.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mousumi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Gonen Ashkenasy
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luke J Leman
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, https://centerforchemicalevolution.com/.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Wagner N, Hochberg D, Peacock-Lopez E, Maity I, Ashkenasy G. Open Prebiotic Environments Drive Emergent Phenomena and Complex Behavior. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9020045. [PMID: 31163645 PMCID: PMC6617095 DOI: 10.3390/life9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been studying simple prebiotic catalytic replicating networks as prototypes for modeling replication, complexification and Systems Chemistry. While living systems are always open and function far from equilibrium, these prebiotic networks may be open or closed, dynamic or static, divergent or convergent to a steady state. In this paper we review the properties of these simple replicating networks, and show, via four working models, how even though closed systems exhibit a wide range of emergent phenomena, many of the more interesting phenomena leading to complexification and emergence indeed require open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra Ajalvir Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Indrajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Present address: Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gonen Ashkenasy
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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6
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Le Vay K, Weise LI, Libicher K, Mascarenhas J, Mutschler H. Templated Self‐Replication in Biomimetic Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800313. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Le Vay
- Biomimetic SystemsMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Laura Isabel Weise
- Biomimetic SystemsMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Kai Libicher
- Biomimetic SystemsMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Judita Mascarenhas
- Department of Systems and Synthetic MicrobiologyMax Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Marburg Germany
| | - Hannes Mutschler
- Biomimetic SystemsMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
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7
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Zhang X, Hao X, Liu L, Pham AT, López-Andarias J, Frontera A, Sakai N, Matile S. Primary Anion−π Catalysis and Autocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17867-17871. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva CH 1211, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva CH 1211, Switzerland
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva CH 1211, Switzerland
| | - Anh-Tuan Pham
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva CH 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva CH 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva CH 1211, Switzerland
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8
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Rink WM, Thomas F. De Novo Designed α-Helical Coiled-Coil Peptides as Scaffolds for Chemical Reactions. Chemistry 2018; 25:1665-1677. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Mathis Rink
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franziska Thomas
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration; Von-Siebold-Straße 3a 37075 Göttingen Germany
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9
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Gonçalves da Silva LH, Hochberg D. Open flow non-enzymatic template catalysis and replication. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14864-14875. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fully reversible template assisted ligation and replication leads to high template yields in open flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)
- 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz
- Spain
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10
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Life's Late Digital Revolution and Why It Matters for the Study of the Origins of Life. Life (Basel) 2017; 7:life7030034. [PMID: 28841166 PMCID: PMC5617959 DOI: 10.3390/life7030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The information contained in life exists in two forms, analog and digital. Analog information is manifest mainly in the differing concentrations of chemicals that get passed from generation to generation and can vary from cell to cell. Digital information is encoded in linear polymers such as DNA and RNA, whose side chains come in discrete chemical forms. Here, we argue that the analog form of information preceded the digital. Acceptance of this dichotomy, and this progression, can help direct future studies on how life originated and initially complexified on the primordial Earth, as well as expected trajectories for other, independent origins of complex life.
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11
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Petszulat H, Seitz O. A fluorogenic native chemical ligation for assessing the role of distance in peptide-templated peptide ligation. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5022-5030. [PMID: 28823838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-templated reactions have been used for fragment-based drug discovery as well as for covalent labeling, detection and manipulation of proteins. In spite of the growing interest in protein-templated reactions, little is known about the design criteria. Herein we present a systematic study on the effects of proximity in peptide-templated reactions. To facilitate reaction monitoring at low concentrations we developed a fluorogenic native chemical ligation that is based on the integration of a fluorescence quencher in the thiol leaving group. The reaction system provided up to 39-fold increases of emission from a fluorescein unit. By using templates based on coiled coils as models we investigated the effect of misalignments. The distance-reactivity pattern for remotely aligned peptides was remarkably different to reaction scenarios that involved seamlessly annealed peptides with overhanging functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Petszulat
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Dass AV, Hickman-Lewis K, Brack A, Kee TP, Westall F. Stochastic Prebiotic Chemistry within Realistic Geological Systems. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Brack
- CNRS Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans France
| | - Terence P. Kee
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Frances Westall
- CNRS Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans France
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13
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Abstract
The present review offers an overview of nonclassical (e.g., with no pre- or in situ activation of a carboxylic acid partner) approaches for the construction of amide bonds. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was mainly done in the field in the last 20 years. Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to substrate classes: catalytic direct formation of amides from carboxylic and amines ( section 2 ); the use of carboxylic acid surrogates ( section 3 ); and the use of amine surrogates ( section 4 ). The ligation strategies (NCL, Staudinger, KAHA, KATs, etc.) that could involve both carboxylic acid and amine surrogates are treated separately in section 5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Marcia de Figueiredo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Simon Suppo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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14
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Abstract
A review covering the previous 25 years study into self-replicating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Clixby
- University of Sheffield
- Department of Chemistry
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Lance Twyman
- University of Sheffield
- Department of Chemistry
- Sheffield
- UK
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15
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Singhal A, Nielsen PE. Cross-catalytic peptide nucleic acid (PNA) replication based on templated ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6901-7. [PMID: 25057801 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first PNA self-replicating system based on template directed cross-catalytic ligation, a process analogous to biological replication. Using two template PNAs and four pentameric precursor PNAs, all four possible carbodiimide assisted amide ligation products were detected and identified by HPLC and MALDI-TOF analysis. We conclude that the two template complementary reaction products are generated via cross-catalysis, while the other two self-complementary (and in principle auto-catalytic) products are formed via intra-complex coupling between the two sets of complementary PNA precursors. Cross-catalytic product formation followed product inhibited kinetics, but approximately two replication rounds were observed. Analogous but less efficient replication was found for a similar tetrameric system. These results demonstrate that simpler nucleobase replication systems than natural oligonucleotides are feasible, thereby strengthening the foundation for the discussion of a possible role for PNA (like) genetic material in the prebiotic evolution of life and lay the ground for further studies into evolution of such potentially prebiotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singhal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3c, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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16
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Wagner N, Ashkenasy G. How Catalytic Order Drives the Complexification of Molecular Replication Networks. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Reinhardt U, Lotze J, Zernia S, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG, Seitz O. Proteintemplat-vermittelter Acyltransfer: eine chemische Methode für die Markierung von Membranproteinen an lebenden Zellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Reinhardt U, Lotze J, Zernia S, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG, Seitz O. Peptide-Templated Acyl Transfer: A Chemical Method for the Labeling of Membrane Proteins on Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10237-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Brauckhoff N, Hahne G, Yeh JTH, Grossmann TN. Protein-vermittelte Peptidverknüpfung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Brauckhoff N, Hahne G, Yeh JTH, Grossmann TN. Protein-Templated Peptide Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4337-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Wang F, Lu CH, Willner I. From cascaded catalytic nucleic acids to enzyme-DNA nanostructures: controlling reactivity, sensing, logic operations, and assembly of complex structures. Chem Rev 2014; 114:2881-941. [PMID: 24576227 DOI: 10.1021/cr400354z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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22
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Hernandez AF, Wagner MJ, Grover MA. Model identification of a template-directed peptide network for optimization in a continuous reactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3849-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With an open driven system, the chemical network can be controlled to new nonequilibrium steady states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F. Hernandez
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Martha A. Grover
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
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23
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Raynal M, Ballester P, Vidal-Ferran A, van Leeuwen PWNM. Supramolecular catalysis. Part 2: artificial enzyme mimics. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1734-87. [PMID: 24365792 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of artificial catalysts able to compete with the catalytic proficiency of enzymes is an intense subject of research. Non-covalent interactions are thought to be involved in several properties of enzymatic catalysis, notably (i) the confinement of the substrates and the active site within a catalytic pocket, (ii) the creation of a hydrophobic pocket in water, (iii) self-replication properties and (iv) allosteric properties. The origins of the enhanced rates and high catalytic selectivities associated with these properties are still a matter of debate. Stabilisation of the transition state and favourable conformations of the active site and the product(s) are probably part of the answer. We present here artificial catalysts and biomacromolecule hybrid catalysts which constitute good models towards the development of truly competitive artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Raynal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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24
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Malakoutikhah M, Peyralans JJP, Colomb-Delsuc M, Fanlo-Virgós H, Stuart MCA, Otto S. Uncovering the selection criteria for the emergence of multi-building-block replicators from dynamic combinatorial libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18406-17. [PMID: 24219346 DOI: 10.1021/ja4067805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A family of self-replicating macrocycles was developed using dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Replication is driven by self-assembly of the replicators into fibrils and relies critically on mechanically induced fibril fragmentation. Analysis of separate dynamic combinatorial libraries made from one of six peptide-functionalized building blocks of different hydrophobicity revealed two selection criteria that govern the emergence of replicators from these systems. First, the replicators need to have a critical macrocycle size that endows them with sufficient multivalency to enable their self-assembly into fibrils. Second, efficient replication occurs only for library members that are of low abundance in the absence of a replication pathway. This work has led to spontaneous emergence of replicators with unrivalled structural complexity, being built from up to eight identical subunits and reaching a MW of up to 5.6 kDa. The insights obtained in this work provide valuable guidance that should facilitate future discovery of new complex self-replicating molecules. They may also assist in the development of new self-synthesizing materials, where self-assembly drives the synthesis of the very molecules that self-assemble. To illustrate the potential of this concept, the present system enables access to self-assembling materials made from self-synthesizing macrocycles with tunable ring size ranging from trimers to octamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Malakoutikhah
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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26
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Bissette AJ, Fletcher SP. Mechanisms of Autocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12800-26. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Huck J, Philp D. Replication Processes-From Autocatalysis to Systems Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Samiappan M, Dadon Z, Ashkenasy G. Replication NAND gate with light as input and output. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:710-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Bromley EHC, Channon KJ. Alpha-helical peptide assemblies giving new function to designed structures. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 103:231-75. [PMID: 21999998 PMCID: PMC7150058 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The design of alpha-helical tectons for self-assembly is maturing as a science. We have now reached the point where many different coiled-coil topologies can be reliably produced and validated in synthetic systems and the field is now moving on towards more complex, discrete structures and applications. Similarly the design of infinite or fiber assemblies has also matured, with the creation fibers that have been modified or functionalized in a variety of ways. This chapter discusses the progress made in both of these areas as well as outlining the challenges still to come.
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Araghi RR, Koksch B. A helix-forming αβγ-chimeric peptide with catalytic activity: a hybrid peptide ligase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3544-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03760e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Dadon Z, Samiappan M, Safranchik EY, Ashkenasy G. Light-Induced Peptide Replication Controls Logic Operations in Small Networks. Chemistry 2010; 16:12096-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Brack A, Troublé M. Defining life: connecting robotics and chemistry. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2010; 40:131-6. [PMID: 20204518 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-010-9191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Life is commonly referred as open systems driven by organic chemistry capable to self reproduce and to evolve. The notion of life has also been extended to non chemical systems such as robots. The key characteristics of living systems, i.e. autonomy, self-replication, self-reproduction, self-organization, self-aggregation, autocatalysis, as defined in chemistry and in robotics, are compared in a dialogue between a chemist and a robotitian.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Brack
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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33
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Zelzer M, Ulijn RV. Next-generation peptide nanomaterials: molecular networks, interfaces and supramolecular functionality. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3351-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Kassianidis E, Pearson RJ, Wood EA, Philp D. Designing instructable networks using synthetic replicators. Faraday Discuss 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b915061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rubinov B, Wagner N, Rapaport H, Ashkenasy G. Self-replicating amphiphilic beta-sheet peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6683-6. [PMID: 19644990 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rubinov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
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36
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Rubinov B, Wagner N, Rapaport H, Ashkenasy G. Self-Replicating Amphiphilic β-Sheet Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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38
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Wagner N, Ashkenasy G. Systems chemistry: logic gates, arithmetic units, and network motifs in small networks. Chemistry 2009; 15:1765-75. [PMID: 19107891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of molecules can be regarded as a network if all the molecular components participate in some kind of interaction with other molecules--either physical or functional interactions. Template-assisted ligation reactions that direct replication processes can serve as the functional elements that connect two members of a chemical network. In such a process, the template does not necessarily catalyze its own formation, but rather the formation of another molecule, which in turn can operate as a template for reactions within the network medium. It was postulated that even networks made up of small numbers of molecules possess a wealth of molecular information sufficient to perform rather complex behavior. To probe this assumption, we have constructed virtual arrays consisting of three replicating molecules, in which dimer templates are capable of catalyzing reactants to form additional templates. By using realistic parameters from peptides or DNA replication experiments, we simulate the construction of various functional motifs within the networks. Specifically, we have designed and implemented each of the three-element Boolean logic gates, and show how these networks are assembled from four basic "building blocks". We also show how the catalytic pathways can be wired together to perform more complex arithmetic units and network motifs, such as the half adder and half subtractor computational modules, and the coherent feed-forward loop network motifs under different sets of parameters. As in previous studies of chemical networks, some of the systems described display behavior that would be difficult to predict without the numerical simulations. Furthermore, the simulations reveal trends and characteristics that should be useful as "recipes" for future design of experimental functional motifs and for potential integration into modular circuits and molecular computation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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39
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40
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Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselektive Ligations- und Modifikationsstrategien für Peptide und Proteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselective Ligation and Modification Strategies for Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:10030-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Dadon Z, Wagner N, Ashkenasy G. The Road to Non-Enzymatic Molecular Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6128-36. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Dadon Z, Wagner N, Ashkenasy G. Der Weg zu nichtenzymatischen molekularen Netzwerken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Chung JM, Peacock-López E. Bifurcation diagrams and Turing patterns in a chemical self-replicating reaction-diffusion system with cross diffusion. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:174903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2784554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Lin NT, Lin SY, Lee SL, Chen CH, Hsu CH, Hwang LP, Xie ZY, Chen CH, Huang SL, Luh TY. From Polynorbornene to the Complementary Polynorbornene by Replication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4481-5. [PMID: 17455179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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46
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Lin NT, Lin SY, Lee SL, Chen CH, Hsu CH, Hwang LP, Xie ZY, Chen CH, Huang SL, Luh TY. From Polynorbornene to the Complementary Polynorbornene by Replication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Jäckel C, Salwiczek M, Koksch B. Fluorine in a native protein environment--How the spatial demand and polarity of fluoroalkyl groups affect protein folding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:4198-203. [PMID: 16688784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jäckel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Amino acids were most likely available on the primitive Earth, produced in the primitive atmosphere or in hydrothermal vents. Import of extraterrestrial amino acids may have represented the major supply, as suggested by micrometeorite collections and simulation experiments in space and in the laboratory. Selective condensation of amino acids in water has been achieved via N-carboxy anydrides. Homochiral peptides with an alternating sequence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids adopt stereoselective and thermostable beta-pleated sheet structures. Some of the homochiral beta-sheets strongly accelerate the hydrolysis of oligoribonucleotides. The beta-sheet-forming peptides have also been shown to protect their amino acids from racemization. Even if peptides are not able to self-replicate, i.e., to replicate a complete sequence from the mixture of amino acids, the accumulation of chemically active peptides on the primitive Earth appears plausible via thermostable and stereoselective beta-sheets made of alternating sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Brack
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2.
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49
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Leman LJ, Weinberger DA, Huang ZZ, Wilcoxen KM, Ghadiri MR. Functional and mechanistic analyses of biomimetic aminoacyl transfer reactions in de novo designed coiled coil peptides via rational active site engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2959-66. [PMID: 17302417 PMCID: PMC2453064 DOI: 10.1021/ja068052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) carry out instructed peptide synthesis through a series of directed intermodular aminoacyl transfer reactions. We recently reported the design of coiled-coil assemblies that could functionally mimic the elementary aminoacyl loading and intermodular aminoacyl transfer steps of NRPSs. These peptides were designed initially to accelerate aminoacyl transfer mainly through catalysis by approximation by closely juxtaposing four active site moieties, two each from adjacent noncovalently associated helical modules. In our designs peptide self-assembly positions a cysteine residue that is used to covalently capture substrates from solution via transthiolesterification (substrate loading step to generate the aminoacyl donor site) adjacent to an aminoacyl acceptor site provided by a covalently tethered amino acid or modeled by the epsilon-amine of an active site lysine. However, through systematic functional analyses of 48 rationally designed peptide sequences, we have now determined that the substrate loading and intermodular aminoacyl transfer steps can be significantly influenced (up to approximately 103-fold) by engineering changes in the active site microenvironment through amino acid substitutions and variations in the inter-residue distances and geometry. Mechanistic studies based on 15N NMR and kinetic analysis further indicate that certain active site constellations furnish an unexpectedly large pK(a) depression (1.5 pH units) of the aminoacyl-acceptor moiety, helping to explain the observed high rates of aminoacyl transfer in those constructs. Taken together, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of engineering efficient de novo peptide sequences possessing active sites and functions reminiscent of those in natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Leman
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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50
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Beutel KM, Peacock-López E. Chemical oscillations and Turing patterns in a generalized two-variable model of chemical self-replication. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:24908. [PMID: 16848612 DOI: 10.1063/1.2209228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical self-replication of oligonucleotides and helical peptides show the so-called square root rate law. Based on this rate we extend our previous work on ideal replicators to include the square root rate and other possible nonlinearities, which we couple with an enzimatic sink. Although the nonlinearity is necessary for complex dynamics, the nature of the sink is the essential feature in the mechanism that allows temporal and spatial patterns. We obtain exact general relations for the Poincare-Adronov-Hopf and Turing bifurcations, and our generalized results include the Higgins, autocatalator, and templator models as specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Beutel
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
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