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De Witte F, Penagos IA, Van de Walle D, Skirtach AG, Dewettinck K, Van Bockstaele F. From Nucleation to Fat Crystal Network: Effects of Stearic-Palmitic Sucrose Ester on Static Crystallization of Palm Oil. Foods 2024; 13:1372. [PMID: 38731744 PMCID: PMC11083798 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Palm oil (PO), a semi-solid fat at room temperature, is a popular food ingredient. To steer the fat functionality, sucrose esters (SEs) are often used as food additives. Many SEs exist, varying in their hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (HLB), making them suitable for various food and non-food applications. In this study, a stearic-palmitic sucrose ester with a moderate HLB (6) was studied. It was found that the SE exhibited a complex thermal behavior consistent with smectic liquid crystals (type A). Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the mono- and poly-esters of the SE have different packings, more specifically, double and single chain-length packing. The polymorphism encountered upon crystallization was repeatable during successive heating and cooling cycles. After studying the pure SE, it was added to palm oil, and the crystallization behavior of the mixture was compared to that of pure palm oil. The crystallization conditions were varied by applying cooling at 20 °C/min (fast) and 1 °C/min (slow) to 0 °C, 20 °C or 25 °C. The samples were followed for one hour of isothermal time. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that nucleation and polymorphic transitions were accelerated. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) unraveled that the α-to-β' polymorphic transition remained present upon the addition of the SE. SAXS showed that the addition of the SE at 0.5 wt% did not significantly change the double chain-length packing of palm oil, but it decreased the domain size when cooling in a fast manner. Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) revealed that the addition of the SE created smaller crystal nanoplatelets (CNPs). The microstructure of the fat crystal network was visualized by means of polarized light microscopy (PLM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). The addition of the SE created a finer and space-filling network without the visibility of separate floc structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien De Witte
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivana A. Penagos
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davy Van de Walle
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Bockstaele
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Gustavsson L, Lv ZP, Cherian T, Seppälä W, Liljeström V, Peng B, Huotari S, Rannou P, Ikkala O. Heating-Induced Switching to Hierarchical Liquid Crystallinity Combining Colloidal and Molecular Order in Zwitterionic Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39345-39353. [PMID: 37901556 PMCID: PMC10601052 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assemblies of soft matter involving triggerable or switchable structures at different length scales have been pursued toward multifunctional behaviors and complexity inspired by biological matter. They require several and balanced competing attractive and repulsive interactions, which provide a grand challenge in particular in the "bulk" state, i.e., in the absence of plasticizing solvents. Here, we disclose that zwitterionic bis-n-tetradecylphosphobetaine, as a model compound, shows a complex thermally switchable hierarchical self-assembly in the solvent-free state. It shows polymorphism and heating-induced reversible switching from low-temperature molecular-level assemblies to high-temperature hierarchical self-assemblies, unexpectedly combining colloidal and molecular self-assemblies, as inferred by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The high-temperature phase sustains birefringent flow, indicating a new type of hierarchical thermotropic liquid crystallinity. The high-temperature colloidal-level SAXS reflections suggest indexation as a 2D oblique pattern and their well-defined layer separation in the perpendicular direction. We suggest that the colloidal self-assembled motifs are 2D nanoplatelets formed by the lateral packing of the molecules, where the molecular packing frustration between the tightly packed zwitterionic moieties and the coiled alkyl chains demanding more space limits the lateral platelet growth controlled by the alkyl stretching entropy. An indirect proof is provided by the addition of plasticizing ionic liquids, which relieve the ionic dense packings of zwitterions, thus allowing purely smectic liquid crystallinity without the colloidal level order. Thus, molecules with a simple chemical structure can lead to structural hierarchy and tunable complexity in the solvent-free state by balancing the competing long-range electrostatics and short-range nanosegregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Gustavsson
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomy Cherian
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Wille Seppälä
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bo Peng
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble
INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Ogawa S, Ono Y, Takahashi I. Glass transition behavior of perpendicularly aligned thermotropic liquid crystalline phases consisting of long-chain trehalose lipids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bin Sintang MD, Danthine S, Patel AR, Rimaux T, Van De Walle D, Dewettinck K. Mixed surfactant systems of sucrose esters and lecithin as a synergistic approach for oil structuring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 504:387-396. [PMID: 28586736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to modify the self-assembly of sucrose esters (SEs) in sunflower oil, we added sunflower lecithin (SFL) as co-surfactant. It is hypothesized that SFL modifies the self-assembly of SEs by interrupting the extensive hydrogen bonding between SEs monomers. The addition of SFL into SEs induced gelation of the mixed surfactant system oleogels at all studied ratios. The 7:3 SEs:SFL combination showed enhanced rheological properties compared to the other studied ratios, which suggests better molecular ordering induced by SFL. The modifications might have been caused by interference in the hydrogen bonding, connecting the polar heads of SEs molecules in the presence of SFL. This effect was confirmed by thermal behavior and small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) analysis. From the crystallization and melting analyses, it was shown that the peak temperature, shape and enthalpy decreased as the SFL ratio increases. Meanwhile, the bi-component oleogels exhibited new peaks in the SAXD profile, which imply a self-assembly modification. The microscopic study through polarized and electrons revealed a change in the structure. Therefore, it can be concluded that a synergistic effect between SEs and SFL, more particularly at 7:3 ratio, towards sunflower oil structuring could be obtained. These findings shed light for greater applications of SEs as structuring and carrier agent in foods and pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Dona Bin Sintang
- Vandemoortele Centre Lipid Science and Technology, Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Food Technology and Bioprocessing, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Universite de Liege, Passage des Deportes, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ashok R Patel
- Vandemoortele Centre Lipid Science and Technology, Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tom Rimaux
- Vandemoortele R&D Centre, Izegem, Belgium
| | - Davy Van De Walle
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Vandemoortele Centre Lipid Science and Technology, Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium; Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Garidel P, Kaconis Y, Heinbockel L, Wulf M, Gerber S, Munk A, Vill V, Brandenburg K. Self-Organisation, Thermotropic and Lyotropic Properties of Glycolipids Related to their Biological Implications. Open Biochem J 2015; 9:49-72. [PMID: 26464591 PMCID: PMC4598379 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01509010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids are amphiphilic molecules which bear an oligo- or polysaccharide as hydrophilic head group and hydrocarbon chains in varying numbers and lengths as hydrophobic part. They play an important role in life science as well as in material science. Their biological and physiological functions are quite diverse, ranging from mediators of cell-cell recognition processes, constituents of membrane domains or as membrane-forming units. Glycolipids form an exceptional class of liquid-crystal mesophases due to the fact that their self-organisation obeys more complex rules as compared to classical monophilic liquid-crystals. Like other amphiphiles, the supra-molecular structures formed by glycolipids are driven by their chemical structure; however, the details of this process are still hardly understood. Based on the synthesis of specific glycolipids with a clearly defined chemical structure, e.g., type and length of the sugar head group, acyl chain linkage, substitution pattern, hydrocarbon chain lengths and saturation, combined with a profound physico-chemical characterisation of the formed mesophases, the principles of the organisation in different aggregate structures of the glycolipids can be obtained. The importance of the observed and formed phases and their properties are discussed with respect to their biological and physiological relevance. The presented data describe briefly the strategies used for the synthesis of the used glycolipids. The main focus, however, lies on the thermotropic as well as lyotropic characterisation of the self-organised structures and formed phases based on physico-chemical and biophysical methods linked to their potential biological implications and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Garidel
- Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle/Wittenberg, Mühlpforte 1, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Yani Kaconis
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Matthias Wulf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Gerber
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ariane Munk
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Vill
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Balance and Its Effect on Mesophase Behaviour in Hydroxyalkyl Ethers of Methyl Glucopyranoside. Chemistry 2013; 19:5041-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Kanemaru M, Yamamoto K, Kadokawa JI. Self-assembling properties of 6-O-alkyltrehaloses under aqueous conditions. Carbohydr Res 2012; 357:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Queneau Y, Dumoulin F, Cheaib R, Chambert S, Andraud C, Bretonnière Y, Blum LJ, Boullanger P, Girard-Egrot A. Two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies involving neoglycoplipids: Self-organization and insertion properties into Langmuir monolayers. Biochimie 2010; 93:101-12. [PMID: 20346388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In nature, interfacial molecular recognition and chirality are of fundamental significance for the construction of biological assemblies. Lipid monolayers at liquid interface can be used as biomimetic models for studying molecular interactions in such assemblies. In this article, we will focus on the use of Langmuir monolayers for studying self-organization and insertion properties of several neoglycolipids. Two types of glycolipids have been considered, one in the context of the analysis of glycoconjugates of biological relevance, and one dealing with the ability of some glycoprobes to insert into a monolayer in relation with their efficiency for serving as membrane imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Queneau
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Bât. Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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10
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Carbohydrate-Based Lactones: Synthesis and Applications. CARBOHYDRATES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT II 2010; 295:19-62. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Zhu Y, Molinier V, Durand M, Lavergne A, Aubry JM. Amphiphilic properties of hydrotropes derived from isosorbide: endo/exo isomeric effects and temperature dependence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13419-13425. [PMID: 19928940 DOI: 10.1021/la902065q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The hydrotropic properties of short-chain monoalkyl ethers of isosorbide have been studied with emphasis on the difference between the two regioisomers (2-O- and 5-O-monoalkylisosorbide, C(i)Iso-exo and C(i)Iso-endo, respectively). On the one hand, the partitioning in a water/cyclohexane system has been measured, and on the other hand, the "optimal formulation" of C(i)Iso/oil/water systems has been determined by changing the oil polarity. In both cases, whatever the alkyl chain length (four or five carbons), C(i)Iso-exo appears to be less hydrophilic due to an intramolecular hydrogen bond that makes the free hydroxyl group less available. With one substituted position, the hydrophilicity contribution of isosorbide is slightly higher than the one of two ethylene glycols when the exo hydroxyl remains free, whereas it is closer to one ethylene glycol when this hydroxyl is substituted. With regard to the sensitivity to temperature, the hydrophilicity loss on heating seems to be similar for both isomers and close to what is obtained for poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives if we consider the evolution of the partition coefficients. In C(i)Iso-endo/oil/water systems, however, the variation of the optimal oil with temperature tends to show that the isosorbide derivatives are approximately 2 times less sensitive than their poly(ethylene glycol) counterparts to temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- LCOM, Equipe Oxydation et Physico-chimie de la Formulation, UMR CNRS 8009, ENSCL BP 108, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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12
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Singh MK, Jayaraman N, Rao DS, Prasad SK. Effect of the C-2 hydroxyl group on the mesomorphism of alkyl glycosides: synthesis and thermotropic behavior of alkyl 2-deoxy-d-arabino-hexopyranosides. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 155:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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14
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Queneau Y, Chambert S, Besset C, Cheaib R. Recent progress in the synthesis of carbohydrate-based amphiphilic materials: the examples of sucrose and isomaltulose. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Reactivity of melezitose and raffinose under Mitsunobu reaction conditions. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:929-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Yoshizawa A. Unconventional liquid crystal oligomers with a hierarchical structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b802712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Wang Q, Zhang S, Yang J. Regioselective formation of 6-O-acylsucroses and 6,3′-di-O-acylsucroses via the stannylene acetal method. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2657-63. [PMID: 17892863 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective formation of 6-O-acylsucroses and 6,3'-di-O-acylsucroses in one pot with good yields was achieved for the first time by a typical acylation method of sucrose via its dibutylstannylene acetal. Pure monoesters at OH-6 and diesters at OH-6,3' obtained by these procedures were readily isolated by simple column chromatography, thus overcoming the main difficulties associated with regioselectivity, efficiency, and isolation techniques for the practical preparation. Explanations for the regioselectivities observed during this stannylene acetal-mediated reaction were also proposed based on the structures of the stannylene acetal in solution and the intramolecular migration of stannylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, PR China
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18
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Gouy MH, Danel M, Gayral M, Bouchu A, Queneau Y. Preparation of 6,6,1′,1′,6′,6′-hexadeutero sucrose. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2303-8. [PMID: 17640626 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of 6,6,1',1',6',6'-hexadeutero sucrose is reported. The synthesis is based on a triple oxidation of a protected sucrose 6,1',6'-triol to the corresponding 6,1',6'-tricarboxylic acid or ester, followed by reduction with lithium aluminium deuteride. This triple oxidation could be achieved either using cat. TEMPO-NaOCl (to the acid) or PDC-Ac(2)O-t-BuOH (to the t-butyl carboxylic ester).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Gouy
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon; CPE-Lyon; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, INSA-Lyon, Bât. Jules Verne, 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Goodby JW, Görtz V, Cowling SJ, Mackenzie G, Martin P, Plusquellec D, Benvegnu T, Boullanger P, Lafont D, Queneau Y, Chambert S, Fitremann J. Thermotropic liquid crystalline glycolipids. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1971-2032. [PMID: 17982519 DOI: 10.1039/b708458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Are the liquid crystalline properties of the materials of living systems important in biological structures, functions, diseases and treatments? There is a growing consciousness that the observed lyotropic, and often thermotropic liquid crystallinity, of many biological materials that possess key biological functionality might be more than curious coincidence. Rather, as the survival of living systems depends on the flexibility and reformability of structures, it seems more likely that it is the combination of softness and structure of the liquid-crystalline state that determines the functionality of biological materials. The richest sources of liquid crystals derived from living systems are found in cell membranes, of these glycolipids are a particularly important class of components. In this critical review, we will examine the relationship between chemical structure and the self-assembling and self-organising properties of glycolipids that ultimately lead to mesophase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Goodby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, UK YO10 5DD
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20
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Chambert S, Doutheau A, Queneau Y, Cowling SJ, Goodby JW, Mackenzie G. Synthesis and Thermotropic Behavior of Simple New Glucolipid Amides. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300701252565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chambert
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Organique , Université Lyon 1, INSA‐Lyon, CPE‐Lyon; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon , Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Doutheau
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Organique , Université Lyon 1, INSA‐Lyon, CPE‐Lyon; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon , Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Organique , Université Lyon 1, INSA‐Lyon, CPE‐Lyon; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon , Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - John W. Goodby
- b Department of Chemistry , The University of York , York, UK
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Queneau Y, Jarosz S, Lewandowski B, Fitremann J. Sucrose Chemistry and Applications of Sucrochemicals. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2007; 61:217-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(07)61005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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