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Sittihan S, Jamison TF. Total Synthesis of the Marine Ladder Polyether Gymnocin B. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11239-11244. [PMID: 31283211 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first total synthesis of marine ladder polyether gymnocin B (1) based on a two-phase strategy. In Phase I, inspired by the proposed biosynthesis, epoxide-opening cascades assemble 10 out of 15 cyclic ether rings making up the molecular core. In the subsequent Phase II, coalescence elevates the molecular complexity further by coupling of these subunits. Our two-phase synthetic approach significantly improved the step efficiency of the synthesis of this class of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satapanawat Sittihan
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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2
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3
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Kämmler L, Maier ME. Total Synthesis of Biselyngbyolide B and Its C21–C22 Z-Isomer. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4554-4567. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kämmler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Mun B, Kim S, Yoon H, Kim KH, Lee Y. Total Synthesis of Isohericerin, Isohericenone, and Erinacerin A: Development of a Copper-Catalyzed Methylboronation of Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6349-6357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Mun
- Department
of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongju Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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5
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Abstract
Synthetic organic chemists have a long-standing appreciation for transition metal cyclopentadienyl complexes, of which many have been used as catalysts for organic transformations. Much less well known are the contributions of the benzo-fused relative of the cyclopentadienyl ligand, the indenyl ligand, whose unique properties have in many cases imparted differential reactivity in catalytic processes toward the synthesis of small molecules. In this Review, we present examples of indenylmetal complexes in catalysis and compare their reactivity to their cyclopentadienyl analogues, wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Michael C Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Michael C. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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7
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Gómez-Palomino A, Pellicena M, Krämer K, Romea P, Urpí F, Aullón G, Padrón JM. Total synthesis of (+)-herboxidiene/GEX 1A. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1842-1862. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of herboxidiene is granted from highly stereoselective aldol reactions from two lactate-derived ketones and an oxa-Michael cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gómez-Palomino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Miquel Pellicena
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Katrina Krämer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Pedro Romea
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
- Universidad de La Laguna
- Spain
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8
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Noble A, Roesner S, Aggarwal VK. Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Tatanan A and 3-epi-Tatanan A Using Assembly-Line Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15920-15924. [PMID: 27865037 PMCID: PMC5215435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Short and highly stereoselective total syntheses of the sesquilignan natural product tatanan A and its C3 epimer are described. An assembly-line synthesis approach, using iterative lithiation-borylation reactions, was applied to install the three contiguous stereocenters with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity. One of the stereocenters was installed using a configurationally labile lithiated primary benzyl benzoate, resulting in high levels of substrate-controlled (undesired) diastereoselectivity. However, reversal of selectivity was achieved by using a novel diastereoselective Matteson homologation. Stereospecific alkynylation of a hindered secondary benzylic boronic ester enabled completion of the synthesis in a total of eight steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Noble
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Stefan Roesner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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9
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Noble A, Roesner S, Aggarwal VK. Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Tatanan A and 3-epi-Tatanan A Using Assembly-Line Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Stefan Roesner
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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10
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Xu S, Negishi EI. Zirconium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2158-2168. [PMID: 27685327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbometalation of alkenes with stereocontrol offers an important opportunity for asymmetric C-C bond formation. However, the scope of catalytic stereoselective carbometalation of alkenes had until recently been limited to electronically biased alkenes or those with the presence of directing groups or other auxiliary functionalities to overcome the challenge associated with regio- and stereoselectivity. Catalytic asymmetric carbometalation of unactivated alkenes on the other hand remained as a formidable challenge. To address this long-standing problem, we sought to develop Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (namely, ZACA reaction) encouraged by our discovery of Zr-catalyzed alkyne carboalumination in 1978. Zr-catalyzed methylalumination of alkynes (ZMA) shows high regioselectivity and nearly perfect stereoselectivity. Its mechanistic studies have revealed that the ZMA reaction involves acyclic carbometalation with "superacidic" bimetallic reagents generated by interaction between two Lewis acids, i.e., alkylalanes and 16-electron zirconocene derivatives through dynamic polarization and ate complexation, affectionately termed as the "two-is-better-than-one" principle. With the encouraging results of Zr-catalyzed carboalumination of alkynes in hand, we sought to develop its alkene version for discovering a catalytic asymmetric C-C bond-forming reaction by using alkylalanes and suitable chiral zirconocene derivatives, which would generate "superacidic" bimetallic species to promote the desired carbometalation of alkenes. However, this proved to be quite challenging. Three major competing side reactions occur, i.e., (i) β-H transfer hydrometalation, (ii) bimetallic cyclic carbometalation, and (iii) Ziegler-Natta polymerization. The ZACA reaction was finally discovered by employing Erker's (-)-(NMI)2ZrCl2 as the catalyst and chlorinated hydrocarbon as solvent to suppress the undesired side reactions mentioned above. The ZACA reaction has evolved as a powerful tool for the efficient preparation of a wide range of chiral natural products through the following methodological developments: (1) three mutually complementary protocols for methyl-branched chiral alkanols; (2) water, MAO, and IBAO as promoters to accelerate otherwise sluggish carboaluminations; (3) one-step homologation synthesis of deoxypropionates based on one-pot ZACA-Pd-catalyzed vinylation tandem process; (4) ZACA-lipase-catalyzed acetylation-transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling processes for preparing various virtually enantiopure chiral alcohols; (5) the chemoselective ZMA and ZACA reactions as well as alkyne elementometalation-Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling for constructing a variety of chiral compounds containing regio- and stereodefined substituted alkenes; (6) the ZACA reaction of dienes to generate chiral organocyclic compounds including those with all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Xu
- Herbert
C. Brown Laboratories
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ei-ichi Negishi
- Herbert
C. Brown Laboratories
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of amphirionin-4 has been achieved using a combination of cross-coupling strategies to access the polyene side chain and a chlorohydrin-based approach to construct the tetrahydrofuranol core. The remote C9-stereocenter was introduced through a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling that proceeded with remote stereoinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew Taron
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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NEGISHI EI, XU S. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of chiral organic compounds of ultra-high purity of >99% ee. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 91:369-93. [PMID: 26460317 PMCID: PMC4729854 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.91.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of Zr-catalyzed carboalumination of alkynes in 1978, we sought expansion of the scope of this reaction so as to develop its alkene version for catalytic asymmetric C-C bond formation, namely the ZACA (Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes). However, this seemingly easy task proved to be quite challenging. The ZACA reaction was finally discovered in 1995 by suppressing three competitive side reactions, i.e., (i) cyclic carbometalation, (ii) β-H transfer hydrometalation, and (iii) alkene polymerization. The ZACA reaction has been used to significantly modernize and improve syntheses of various natural products including deoxypolypropionates and isoprenoids. This review focuses on our recent progress on the development of ZACA-lipase-catalyzed acetylation-transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling processes for highly efficient and enantioselective syntheses of a wide range of chiral organic compounds with ultra-high enantiomeric purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei-ichi NEGISHI
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, Indiana, U.S.A.
| | - Shiqing XU
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, Indiana, U.S.A.
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13
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Zhu C, Ma S. Studies on Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydrocycloocta- [b]indoles and their Thermal Reactivities with Maleimide or Maleic Anhydride. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Jürjens
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Center of Biomolecuclar Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Center of Biomolecuclar Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Negishi coupling: an easy progress for C–C bond construction in total synthesis. Mol Divers 2014; 18:441-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Negishi EI, Xu S. Syntheses of Chiral Heterocyclic Compounds via Zirconium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination of Alkynes (ZACA Reaction). HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-sr(s)5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Xu S, Lee CT, Wang G, Negishi EI. Widely applicable synthesis of enantiomerically pure tertiary alkyl-containing 1-alkanols by zirconium-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes and palladium- or copper-catalyzed cross-coupling. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1829-35. [PMID: 23670801 PMCID: PMC3891662 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective and widely applicable method for the synthesis of various chiral 2-alkyl-1-alkanols, especially those of feeble chirality, has been developed. It consists of zirconium-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (ZACA), lipase-catalyzed acetylation, and palladium- or copper-catalyzed cross-coupling. By virtue of the high selectivity factor (E) associated with iodine, either (S)- or (R)-enantiomer of 3-iodo-2-alkyl-1-alkanols (1), prepared by ZACA reaction of allyl alcohol, can be readily purified to the level of ≥99% ee by lipase-catalyzed acetylation. A variety of chiral tertiary alkyl-containing alcohols, including those that have been otherwise difficult to prepare, can now be synthesized in high enantiomeric purity by Pd- or Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling of (S)-1 or (R)-2 for introduction of various primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon groups with retention of all carbon skeletal features. These chiral tertiary alkyl-containing alcohols can be further converted into the corresponding acids with full retention of the stereochemistry. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated in the highly enantioselective (≥99% ee) and efficient syntheses of (R)-2-methyl-1-butanol and (R)- and (S)-arundic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Xu
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084 (USA), Fax: (+1) 765-494-0239
| | - Ching-Tien Lee
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084 (USA), Fax: (+1) 765-494-0239
| | - Guangwei Wang
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084 (USA), Fax: (+1) 765-494-0239
| | - Ei-ichi Negishi
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084 (USA), Fax: (+1) 765-494-0239
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18
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Nishihara Y. A Historic Overview of the Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. LECTURE NOTES IN CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32368-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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19
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Dieter RK, Huang Y, Guo F. Regio- and Stereoselectivity in the Reactions of Organometallic Reagents with an Electron-Deficient and an Electron-Rich Vinyloxirane: Applications for Sequential Bis-Allylic Substitution Reactions in the Generation of Vicinal Stereogenic Centers. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4949-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300304n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Karl Dieter
- Hunter Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Yaxin Huang
- Hunter Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Fenghai Guo
- Hunter Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
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De Paolis M, Chataigner I, Maddaluno J. Recent advances in stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-dienes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 327:87-146. [PMID: 22527407 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present the latest developments in the stereoselective synthesis of conjugated dienes, covering the period 2005-2010. Since the use of this class of compounds is linked to the nature of their appendages (aryls, alkyls, electron-withdrawing, and heterosubstituted groups), the review has been categorized accordingly and illustrates the most representative strategies and mechanisms to access these targets.
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Huang Y, Minnaard AJ, Feringa BL. A concise asymmetric synthesis of (−)-rasfonin. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:29-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Negishi EI. Magical power of transition metals: past, present, and future (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6738-64. [PMID: 21717531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ei-ichi Negishi
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive,West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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Negishi EI. Die magische Kraft der Übergangsmetalle: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft (Nobel-Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Onodera Y, Suzuki T, Kobayashi S. Total Synthesis of (+)-Nafuredin-γ Using a Highly Stereoselective Ti-Mediated Aldol Reaction. Org Lett 2010; 13:50-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Onodera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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25
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Negishi EI, Wang G, Rao H, Xu Z. Alkyne elementometalation-Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling. Toward synthesis of all conceivable types of acyclic alkenes in high yields, efficiently, selectively, economically, and safely: "green" way. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3151-82. [PMID: 20465291 PMCID: PMC2933819 DOI: 10.1021/jo1003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, especially those involving Zn, Al, Zr (Negishi coupling), and B (Suzuki coupling), collectively have brought about "revolutionary" changes in organic synthesis. Thus, two regio- and stereodefined carbon groups generated as R(1)M (M = Zn, Al, B, Cu, Zr, etc.) and R(2)X (X = I, Br, OTs, etc.) may now be cross-coupled to give R(1)-R(2) with essentially full retention of all structural features. For alkene syntheses, alkyne elementometalation reactions including hydrometalation (B, Al, Zr, etc.), carbometalation (Cu, Al-Zr, etc.), and haloboration (BX(3) where X is Cl, Br, and I) have proven to be critically important. Some representative examples of highly efficient and selective (>or=98%) syntheses of di-, tri-, and oligoenes containing regio- and stereodefined di- and trisubstituted alkenes of all conceivable types will be discussed with emphasis on those of natural products. Some interesting but undesirable cases involving loss of the initial structural identities of the alkenyl groups are attributable to the formation of allylpalladium species, which must be either tamed or avoided. Some such examples involving the synthesis of 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-dienes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei-Ichi Negishi
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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26
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Negishi EI, Huang Z, Wang G, Mohan S, Wang C, Hattori H. Recent advances in efficient and selective synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted alkenes via Pd-catalyzed alkenylation-carbonyl olefination synergy. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1474-85. [PMID: 18783256 DOI: 10.1021/ar800038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although generally considered competitive, the alkenylation and carbonyl olefination routes to alkenes are also complementary. In this Account, we focus on these approaches for the synthesis of regio- and stereodefined di- and trisubstituted alkenes and a few examples of tetrasubstituted alkenes. We also discuss the subset of regio- and stereodefined dienes and oligoenes that are conjugated. Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling using alkenyl metals containing Zn, Al, Zr, and B (Negishi coupling and Suzuki coupling) or alkenyl halides and related alkenyl electrophiles provides a method of alkenylation with the widest applicability and predictability, with high stereo- and regioselectivity. The requisite alkenyl metals or alkenyl electrophiles are most commonly prepared through highly selective alkyne addition reactions including (i) conventional polar additions, (ii) hydrometalation, (iii) carbometalation, (iv) halometalation, and (v) other heteroatom-metal additions. Although much more limited in applicability, the Heck alkenylation offers an operationally simpler, viable alternative when it is highly selective and satisfactory. A wide variety of carbonyl olefination reactions, especially the Wittig olefination and its modifications represented by the E-selective HWE olefination and the Z-selective Still-Gennari olefination, collectively offer the major alternative to the Pd-catalyzed alkenylation. However, the carbonyl olefination method fundamentally suffers from more limited stereochemical options and generally lower stereoselectivity levels than the Pd-catalyzed alkenylation. In a number of cases, however, very high (>98%) stereoselectivity levels have been attained in the syntheses of both E and Z isomers. The complementarity of the alkenylation and carbonyl olefination routes provide synthetic chemists with valuable options. While the alkenylation involves formation of a C-C single bond to a CC bond, the carbonyl olefination converts a CO bond to a CC bond. When a precursor to the desired alkene is readily available as an aldehyde, the carbonyl olefination is generally the more convenient of the two. This is a particularly important factor in many cases where the desired alkene contains an allylic asymmetric carbon center, since alpha-chiral aldehydes can be prepared by a variety of known asymmetric methods and readily converted to allylically chiral alkenes via carbonyl olefination. On the other hand, a homoallylically carbon-branched asymmetric center can be readily installed by either Pd-catalyzed isoalkyl-alkenyl coupling or Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination (ZACA reaction) of 1,4-dienes. In short, it takes all kinds to make alkenes, just as it takes all kinds to make the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei-ichi Negishi
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Zhihong Huang
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Guangwei Wang
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Swathi Mohan
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Chao Wang
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Hatsuhiko Hattori
- H. C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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Joosten A, Soueidan M, Denhez C, Harakat D, Hélion F, Namy JL, Vasse JL, Szymoniak J. Multimetallic Zirconocene-Based Catalysis: Alkyne Dimerization and Cyclotrimerization Reactions. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8002703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Joosten
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mohamad Soueidan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Clément Denhez
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florence Hélion
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Namy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jan Szymoniak
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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28
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Wang G, Huang Z, Negishi EI. Efficient and selective syntheses of (all-E)- and (6E,10Z)-2'-O-methylmyxalamides D via Pd-catalyzed alkenylation--carbonyl olefination synergy. Org Lett 2008; 10:3223-6. [PMID: 18593171 DOI: 10.1021/ol801115s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and selective syntheses of both (all- E) and (6 E,10 Z)-isomers of 2'- O-methylmyxalamide D ( 2 and 3), in which the crucial conjugated pentaene moieties were assembled in > or =98% stereoselectivity through the use of two Pd-catalyzed alkenylation reactions, the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination, and either the Corey-Schlessinger-Mills modified (CSM-modified) Peterson olefination for 2 or the Still-Gennari olefination for 3, are reported. Either 2 or 3 was prepared in 16% yield in seven steps from propargyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Wang
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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