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Devida JM, Herrera F, Daza Millone MA, Requejo FG, Pallarola D. Electrochemical Fine-Tuning of the Chemoresponsiveness of Langmuir-Blodgett Graphene Oxide Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27566-27575. [PMID: 37546598 PMCID: PMC10399176 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide has been widely deployed in electrical sensors for monitoring physical, chemical, and biological processes. The presence of abundant oxygen functional groups makes it an ideal substrate for integrating biological functional units to assemblies. However, the introduction of this type of defects on the surface of graphene has a deleterious effect on its electrical properties. Therefore, adjusting the surface chemistry of graphene oxide is of utmost relevance for addressing the immobilization of biomolecules, while preserving its electrochemical integrity. Herein, we describe the direct immobilization of glucose oxidase onto graphene oxide-based electrodes prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett assembly. Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide allowed to control its surface chemistry and, by this, regulate the nature and density of binding sites for the enzyme and the overall responsiveness of the Langmuir-Blodgett biofilm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical measurements were used to characterize the compositional and functional features of these biointerfaces. Covalent binding between amine groups on glucose oxidase and epoxy and carbonyl groups on the surface of graphene oxide was successfully used to build up stable and active enzymatic assemblies. This approach constitutes a simple, quick, and efficient route to locally address functional proteins at interfaces without the need for additives or complex modifiers to direct the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Devida
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata,
CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Facundo Herrera
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata,
CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - M. Antonieta Daza Millone
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata,
CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Félix G. Requejo
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata,
CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Diego Pallarola
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de
General San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín 1650, Argentina
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Bhardwaj SK, Knaus T, Garcia A, Yan N, Mutti F. Bacterial Peroxidase on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Sensitive H2O2 Detection. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200346. [PMID: 35723909 PMCID: PMC9543142 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidase enzymes enable the construction of electrochemical sensors for highly sensitive and selective quantitative detection of various molecules, pathogens and diseases. Herein, we describe the immobilization of a peroxidase from Bacillus s. (BsDyP) on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layers. XRD, SEM, AFM, FT‐IR and Raman characterization of the sensor confirmed its structural integrity and a higher enzyme surface occupancy. The BsDyP‐ERGO/ITO/PET electrode performed better than other horseradish peroxidase‐based electrodes, as evinced by an improved electrochemical response in the nanomolar range (linearity 0.05–280 μM of H2O2, LOD 32 nM). The bioelectrode was mechanically robust, active in the 3.5–6 pH range and exhibited no loss of activity upon storage for 8 weeks at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal K Bhardwaj
- University of Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, van't hoff institute for molecular sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Tanja Knaus
- University of Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, van't hoff institute for molecular sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Amanda Garcia
- University of Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, van't hoff institute for molecular sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Ning Yan
- University of Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, van't hoff institute for molecular sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Francesco Mutti
- University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
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3
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Piccinini E, Allegretto JA, Scotto J, Cantillo AL, Fenoy GE, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Surface Engineering of Graphene through Heterobifunctional Supramolecular-Covalent Scaffolds for Rapid COVID-19 Biomarker Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43696-43707. [PMID: 34470205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional semiconducting material whose application for diagnostics has been a real game-changer in terms of sensitivity and response time, variables of paramount importance to stop the COVID-19 spreading. Nevertheless, strategies for the modification of docking recognition and antifouling elements to obtain covalent-like stability without the disruption of the graphene band structure are still needed. In this work, we conducted surface engineering of graphene through heterofunctional supramolecular-covalent scaffolds based on vinylsulfonated-polyamines (PA-VS). In these scaffolds, one side binds graphene through multivalent π-π interactions with pyrene groups, and the other side presents vinylsulfonated pending groups that can be used for covalent binding. The construction of PA-VS scaffolds was demonstrated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The covalent binding of -SH, -NH2, or -OH groups was confirmed, and it evidenced great chemical versatility. After field-effect studies, we found that the PA-VS-based scaffolds do not disrupt the semiconducting properties of graphene. Moreover, the scaffolds were covalently modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which improved the resistance to nonspecific proteins by almost 7-fold compared to the widely used PEG-monopyrene approach. The attachment of recognition elements to PA-VS was optimized for concanavalin A (ConA), a model lectin with a high affinity to glycans. Lastly, the platform was implemented for the rapid, sensitive, and regenerable recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ferritin in lab-made samples. Those two are the target molecules of major importance for the rapid detection and monitoring of COVID-19-positive patients. For that purpose, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were bound to the scaffolds, resulting in a surface coverage of 436 ± 30 ng/cm2. KD affinity constants of 48.4 and 2.54 nM were obtained by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ferritin binding on these supramolecular scaffolds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Juan A Allegretto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Juliana Scotto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Agustín L Cantillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
- GISENS BIOTECH, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1195, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo E Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
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Zhang S, Xia F, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. Layer-by-layer assembly in nanochannels: assembly mechanism and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7471-7497. [PMID: 33870383 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a versatile technology to construct multifunctional nanomaterials using various supporting substrates, enabled by the large selection freedom of building materials and diversity of possible driving forces. The fine regulation over the film thickness and structure provides an elegant way to tune the physical/chemical properties by mild assembly conditions (e.g. pH, ion strength). In this review, we focus on LbL in nanochannels, which exhibit a different growth mechanism compared to "open", convex substrates. The assembly mechanism in nanochannels is discussed in detail, followed by the summary of applications of LbL assemblies liberated from nanochannel templates which can be used as nanoreactors, drug carriers and transporting channels across cell membranes. For fluidic applications, robust membrane substrates are required to keep in place nanotube arrays for membrane-based separation, purification, biosensing and energy harvesting, which are also discussed. The good compatibility of LbL with crossover technologies from other fields allows researchers to further extend this technology to a broader range of research fields, which is expected to result in an increased number of applications of LbL technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwei Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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5
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Piccinini E, Tuninetti JS, Irigoyen Otamendi J, Moya SE, Ceolín M, Battaglini F, Azzaroni O. Surfactants as mesogenic agents in layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte/surfactant multilayers: nanoarchitectured "soft" thin films displaying a tailored mesostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9298-9308. [PMID: 29616241 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial supramolecular architectures displaying mesoscale organized components are of fundamental importance for developing materials with novel or optimized properties. Nevertheless, engineering the multilayer assembly of different building blocks onto a surface and exerting control over the internal mesostructure of the resulting film is still a challenging task in materials science. In the present work we demonstrate that the integration of surfactants (as mesogenic agents) into layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers offers a straightforward approach to control the internal film organization at the mesoscale level. The mesostructure of films constituted of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, and polyacrylic acid, PAA (of different molecular weights), was characterized as a function of the number of assembled layers. Structural characterization of the multilayered films by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), showed the formation of mesostructured composite polyelectrolyte assemblies. Interestingly, the (PAA/CTA)n assemblies prepared with low PAA molecular weight presented different mesostructural regimes which were dependent on the number of assembled layers: a lamellar mesophase for the first bilayers, and a hexagonal circular mesophase for n ≥ 7. This interesting observation was explained in terms of the strong interaction between the substrate and the first layers leading to a particular mesophase. As the film increases its thickness, the prevalence of this strong interaction decreases and the supramolecular architecture exhibits a "bulk" mesophase. Finally, we demonstrated that the molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte has a considerable impact on the meso-organization for the (PAA/CTA)n assemblies. We consider that these studies open a path to new rational methodologies to construct "nanoarchitectured" polyelectrolyte multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Jimena S Tuninetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Joseba Irigoyen Otamendi
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC BiomaGUNE. Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC BiomaGUNE. Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
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6
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Piccinini E, Pallarola D, Battaglini F, Azzaroni O. Recognition-driven assembly of self-limiting supramolecular protein nanoparticles displaying enzymatic activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14754-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05837f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the recognition-driven assembly of self-limiting protein nanoparticles displaying enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) – Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET
- 1900 La Plata
- Argentina
| | - Diego Pallarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) – Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET
- 1900 La Plata
- Argentina
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- INQUIMAE
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Analítica y Química Física
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) – Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET
- 1900 La Plata
- Argentina
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7
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Cortez ML, Marmisollé W, Pallarola D, Pietrasanta LI, Murgida DH, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O, Battaglini F. Effect of gold nanoparticles on the structure and electron-transfer characteristics of glucose oxidase redox polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes. Chemistry 2014; 20:13366-74. [PMID: 25171096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient electrical communication between redox proteins and electrodes is a critical issue in the operation and development of amperometric biosensors. The present study explores the advantages of a nanostructured redox-active polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex containing [Os(bpy)2Clpy](2+) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, py= pyridine) as the redox centers and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as nanodomains for boosting the electron-transfer propagation throughout the assembled film in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx). Film structure was characterized by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), GOx incorporation was followed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), whereas Raman spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemical studies confirmed the ability of the entrapped gold nanoparticles to enhance the electron-transfer processes between the enzyme and the electrode surface. Our results show that nanocomposite films exhibit five-fold increase in current response to glucose compared with analogous supramolecular AuNP-free films. The introduction of colloidal gold promotes drastic mesostructural changes in the film, which in turn leads to a rigid, amorphous interfacial architecture where nanoparticles, redox centers, and GOx remain in close proximity, thus improving the electron-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lorena Cortez
- INQUIMAE - Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires (Argentina); Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Tas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4 (1900) La Plata (Argentina)
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Lorena Cortez M, De Matteis N, Ceolín M, Knoll W, Battaglini F, Azzaroni O. Hydrophobic interactions leading to a complex interplay between bioelectrocatalytic properties and multilayer meso-organization in layer-by-layer assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20844-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Cortez ML, Pallarola D, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O, Battaglini F. Electron Transfer Properties of Dual Self-Assembled Architectures Based on Specific Recognition and Electrostatic Driving Forces: Its Application To Control Substrate Inhibition in Horseradish Peroxidase-Based Sensors. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2414-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303424t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lorena Cortez
- INQUIMAE - Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria -
Pabellón 2 - C1428EHA Buenos Aires - Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química - Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4 (1900) La Plata - Argentina
| | - Diego Pallarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química - Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4 (1900) La Plata - Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química - Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4 (1900) La Plata - Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química - Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4 (1900) La Plata - Argentina
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- INQUIMAE - Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria -
Pabellón 2 - C1428EHA Buenos Aires - Argentina
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Pallarola D, Bildering CV, Pietrasanta LI, Queralto N, Knoll W, Battaglini F, Azzaroni O. Recognition-driven layer-by-layer construction of multiprotein assemblies on surfaces: a biomolecular toolkit for building up chemoresponsive bioelectrochemical interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11027-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Cortez ML, Pallarola D, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O, Battaglini F. Ionic self-assembly of electroactive biorecognizable units: electrical contacting of redox glycoenzymes made easy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10868-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Azzaroni O, Lau KA. Layer-by-Layer Assemblies in Nanoporous Templates: Nano-Organized Design and Applications of Soft Nanotechnology. SOFT MATTER 2011; 7:8709-8724. [PMID: 22216060 PMCID: PMC3247160 DOI: 10.1039/c1sm05561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and nanoporous membrane templating has greatly facilitated the creation of complex and functional nanotubular structures. The approach takes advantage of both the new properties conferred by assembling diverse LbL building blocks and the tight dimensional control offered by nanotemplating to enable new functionalities that arise from the highly anisotropic "one-dimensional" LbL-nanotube format. In this review, we aim to convey the key developments and provide a current snap-shot of such templated LbL nanoarchitectures. We survey recent developments that have enabled the assembly of polymers, biomolecules and inorganic nanoparticles "à la carte", via electrostatic, covalent and specific (bio)recognition interactions. We also discuss the emerging mechanistic understanding of the LbL assembly process within the nanopore environment. Finally, we present a diverse range of LbL nanotube "devices" to illustrate the versatility of the nanotemplated LbL toolbox for generating functional soft nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) – Departamento de Química – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas – Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – CC 16 Suc.4 (1900) La Plata – Argentina
| | - K.H. Aaron Lau
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 - USA
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