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Limosani F, Tessore F, Forni A, Lembo A, Di Carlo G, Albanese C, Bellucci S, Tagliatesta P. Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zn(II) Porphyrin, Graphene Nanoplates, and Ferrocene Hybrid Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5427. [PMID: 37570131 PMCID: PMC10419410 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Following some previous work by some of us on the second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Zn(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnP), fullerene, and ferrocene (Fc) diads and triads, in the present research, we explore the NLO response of some new hybrids with two-dimensional graphene nanoplates (GNP) instead of a zero-dimensional fullerene moiety as the acceptor unit. The experimental data, collected by Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) technique in CH2Cl2 solution with a 1907 nm incident wavelength, combined with Coupled-Perturbed (CP) and Finite Field (FF) Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, show a strongly enhanced contribution of the cubic electronic term γ(-2ω; ω, ω, 0), due to the extended π-conjugation of the carbonaceous acceptor moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Forni
- CNR-SCITEC, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta”, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Cecilia Albanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-National Laboratories of Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.L.); (P.T.)
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2
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Bulbul AS, Chaudhri N, Shanu M, Acharyya JN, Vijaya Prakash G, Sankar M. Unsymmetrically β-Functionalized π-Extended Porphyrins: Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical Redox Properties, and Their Utilization as Efficient Two-Photon Absorbers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9968-9982. [PMID: 35729686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of unsymmetrically β-functionalized porphyrins, MTPP(NO2)MA (1M), (MA = methyl acrylate) and MTPP(NO2)MB (2M) (MB = mono-benzo) (where M = 2H, Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)), were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The saddle shape conformation of ZnTPP(NO2)MAPy and ZnTPP(NO2)MB was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that NiTPP(NO2)MB has a severe nonplanar geometry possessing a high magnitude of ΔCβ = ±0.727 Å and Δ24 = ±0.422 Å values among all other porphyrins. Synthesized β-substituted porphyrins exhibited red-shifted B- and Q-bands corresponding to their parent molecule due to the electron-withdrawing peripheral substituents. Notable redshift (Δλmax = 50-60 nm) in electronic spectral features and with weak-intensity emission spectral features were observed for the free-base porphyrins and Zn(II) complexes compared to H2TPP and ZnTPP, respectively. The first-ring reduction potential of MTPP(NO2)MA (1M) exhibited 0.21-0.5 V anodic shift, whereas 0.18-0.23 V anodic shift was observed in the first-ring oxidation potential compared to the corresponding MTPPs due to the presence of electron-withdrawing β-substituents at the periphery of the macrocycle. Interestingly, NiTPP(NO2)MA (1Ni) has shown an additional NiII/NiIII oxidation potential observed at 2.05 V along with two ring-centered oxidations. The first-ring reduction and oxidation potentials of MTPP(NO2)MB (2M) have shown 0.39-0.46 and 0.19-0.27 V anodic shifts with respect to their corresponding MTPPs. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of all of the porphyrins were investigated, and the extracted nonlinear optical parameters revealed intense reverse-saturable absorption (RSA) behavior and the self-focusing behavior with positive nonlinear refractive index in the range of (0.19-1.75) × 10-17 m2/W. Zn(II) complexes exhibited the highest two-photon absorption coefficient (β) and cross section (σTPA) of ∼95 × 10-12 m/W and 19.66 × 104 GM, respectively, among all of the metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sohel Bulbul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mohd Shanu
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Soury R, Chaabene M, Haque A, Jabli M, Alenezi KM, Latif S, Abdulaziz F, Bchetnia A, Philouze C. Two novel pyrazine Zn(II)-porphyrins complexes: Synthesis, photophysical properties, structure study, DFT-Calculation and assessment of an azo dye removal from aqueous solution. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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β-Pyrrole functionalized porphyrins: Synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in sensing and DSSC. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Limosani F, Tessore F, Di Carlo G, Forni A, Tagliatesta P. Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrin, Fullerene and Ferrocene Hybrid Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4404. [PMID: 34442930 PMCID: PMC8401996 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we investigated the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of multicomponent hybrid materials formed by meso-tetraphenylporphyrin P (both as free base and ZnII complex), carrying in 2 or 2,12 β-pyrrolic position an electron donor ferrocene (Fc), and/or an electron acceptor fullerene (C60) moiety, connected to the porphyrin core via an ethynyl or an ethynylphenyl spacer. We measured the NLO response by the electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) technique in CH2Cl2 solution with a 1907 nm incident wavelength, recording for all the investigated compounds unexpected negative values of μβ1907. Since density functional theory (DFT) calculations evidenced for P-Fc dyads almost null ground state dipole moments and very low values for P-C60 dyads and Fc-P-C60 triads, our EFISH results suggested a significant contribution to γEFISH of the purely electronic cubic term γ(-2ω; ω, ω, 0), which prevails on the quadratic dipolar orientational one μβ(-2ω; ω, ω)/5kT, as confirmed by computational evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Photonics Micro and Nanostructures Laboratory, Physical Technologies for Safety and Health Division, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Forni
- CNR-SCITEC, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta”, c/o University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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6
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Limosani F, Kaur R, Cataldo A, Bellucci S, Micciulla F, Zanoni R, Lembo A, Wang B, Pizzoferrato R, Guldi DM, Tagliatesta P. Designing Cascades of Electron Transfer Processes in Multicomponent Graphene Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Fusion and Nuclear Department Photonics Micro and Nanostructures Laboratory ENEA Via E. Fermi 45 00044 Frascati Rome Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- Department of Information Engineering Polytechnic University of Marche Via Brecce Bianche, 1 60131 Ancona Italy
- INFN- National laboratories of Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40 00044 Frascati Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN- National laboratories of Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40 00044 Frascati Rome Italy
| | | | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and PharmacoKinetic IRBM SpA Via Pontina km 30.600 00071 Pomezia Rome Italy
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
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7
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Limosani F, Kaur R, Cataldo A, Bellucci S, Micciulla F, Zanoni R, Lembo A, Wang B, Pizzoferrato R, Guldi DM, Tagliatesta P. Designing Cascades of Electron Transfer Processes in Multicomponent Graphene Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23706-23715. [PMID: 32886436 PMCID: PMC7756474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of nanocarbon-based materials was designed, synthesized, and probed within the context of charge-transfer cascades. We integrated electron-donating ferrocenes with light-harvesting/electron-donating (metallo)porphyrins and electron-accepting graphene nanoplates (GNP) into multicomponent conjugates. To control the rate of charge flow between the individual building blocks, we bridged them via oligo-p-phenyleneethynylenes of variable lengths by β-linkages and the Prato-Maggini reaction. With steady-state absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and XPS measurements we realized the basic physico-chemical characterization of the photo- and redox-active components and the multicomponent conjugates. Going beyond this, we performed transient absorption measurements and corroborated by single wavelength and target analyses that the selective (metallo)porphyrin photoexcitation triggers a cascade of charge transfer events, that is, charge separation, charge shift, and charge recombination, to enable the directed charge flow. The net result is a few nanosecond-lived charge-separated state featuring a GNP-delocalized electron and a one-electron oxidized ferrocenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Fusion and Nuclear DepartmentPhotonics Micro and Nanostructures LaboratoryENEAVia E. Fermi 4500044 FrascatiRomeItaly
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica 100133RomeItaly
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- Department of Information EngineeringPolytechnic University of MarcheVia Brecce Bianche, 160131AnconaItaly
- INFN- National laboratories of FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiRomeItaly
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN- National laboratories of FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiRomeItaly
| | | | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomeItaly
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and PharmacoKineticIRBM SpAVia Pontina km 30.60000071 PomeziaRomeItaly
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia del Politecnico 100133RomeItaly
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica 100133RomeItaly
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Second Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of 4-Styrylpyridines Axially Coordinated to A4 ZnII Porphyrins: A Comparative Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8080045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, two 4-styrylpyridines carrying an acceptor –NO2 (L1) or a donor –NMe2 group (L2) were axially coordinated to A4 ZnII porphyrins displaying in 5,10,15,20 meso position aryl moieties with remarkable electron withdrawing properties (pentafluorophenyl (TFP)), and with moderate to strong electron donor properties (phenyl (TPP) < 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl (TBP) < bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)aniline) (TNP)). The second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the resulting complexes were measured in CHCl3 solution by the Electric-Field-Induced Second Harmonic generation technique, and the quadratic hyperpolarizabilities βλ were compared to the Density Functional Theory (DFT)-calculated scalar quantities β||. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach shows that different interactions are involved in the NLO response of L1- and L2-substituted A4 ZnII porphyrins, suggesting a role of backdonation-type mechanisms in the determination of the negative sign of Electric-Field-Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) βλ, and a not negligible third order contribution for L1-carrying complexes.
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9
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Eddahmi M, Sousa V, Moura NMM, Dias CJ, Bouissane L, Faustino MAF, Cavaleiro JAS, Gomes ATPC, Almeida A, Neves MGPMS, Mostapha Rakib E. New nitroindazole-porphyrin conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103994. [PMID: 32569896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new porphyrin-indazole hybrids by a Knoevenagel condensation of 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and N-methyl-nitroindazolylacetonitrile derivatives is reported. The target compounds were isolated in moderate to good yields (32-57%) and some of the isolated porphyrin-indazole conjugates showed good performance in the generation of singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light. Their efficiency as photosensitizers in the photoinactivation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA was evaluated. All derivatives showed to be able to photoinactivate the MRSA bacteria. Compound 3a appears to be the most promising photosensitiser (PS) in the photoinactivation of these bacteria, despite being the least efficient in singlet oxygen generation. The addition of potassium iodide (KI) significantly potentiated the antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) process mediated by all the analysed porphyrin-indazole conjugates. The combined action of nitroindazole-porphyrins with potassium iodide (KI) action appears to be promising in the photoinactivation of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eddahmi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Vera Sousa
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - El Mostapha Rakib
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
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10
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Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M, Righetto S, Forni A, Tessore F. Electric-Field-Induced Second Harmonic Generation Nonlinear Optic Response of A 4 β-Pyrrolic-Substituted Zn II Porphyrins: When Cubic Contributions Cannot Be Neglected. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7561-7570. [PMID: 32412749 PMCID: PMC8007098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have prepared a series of A4 ZnII porphyrins, carrying in the β-pyrrolic-position one or two π-delocalized ethynylphenyl moieties with a -NO2 acceptor or a -NMe2 donor pendant, and measured their second-order NLO response in CHCl3 solution at 1907 nm via the electric-field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique. For some of these compounds, we have recorded an unexpected sign and/or absolute value of μβ1907. Since their sterically hindered A4 structure should ensure the lack of significant aggregation processes in solution, we explain such anomalous EFISH results by invoking a non-negligible contribution of the electronic cubic term γ(-2ω; ω, ω, 0) to γEFISH, as supported by a qualitative evaluation of the third-order response through the measure of the cubic hyperpolarizability (γTHG) and by computational evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Righetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (SCITEC), Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Kaur R, Possanza F, Limosani F, Bauroth S, Zanoni R, Clark T, Arrigoni G, Tagliatesta P, Guldi DM. Understanding and Controlling Short- and Long-Range Electron/Charge-Transfer Processes in Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7898-7911. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabio Possanza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Limosani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Yang G, Sui G, Liang Y, Xue X, Feng Y, Zhang B. Effects of interfacial adsorption configurations on dye-sensitized solar cell performance at the stoichiometric and defective TiO 2 anatase (101) surfaces: a theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4508-4515. [PMID: 32068228 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial adsorption configuration plays a crucial role in influencing the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and thus, theoretical investigations are needed to further understand the impacts of different absorption configurations on stoichiometric and defective TiO2(101) surfaces on the short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of DSSCs. Herein, calculations of isolated dyes and dye/TiO2 systems were performed on the donor-π bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) type porphyrin sensitizers bearing different donor moieties and an α-cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group (T1-3), using DFT and TD-DFT methods. And, for the first time, comparative analysis of interfacial electron transfer (IET) and density of states (DOS) were carried out on dye/TiO2 systems with stoichiometric and defective surfaces to provide further insight into the electronic factors influencing the efficiency of DSSCs, which can well explain the experimental variation trends of JSC and VOC values. It turned out that attachment via the carboxyl and cynao groups in a tridentate binding mode can result in more efficient IET rates and an upshifted conduction band in comparison with those of the bidentate attachment. More interestingly, we found that the adsorption configuration on defective surfaces containing an O2c vacancy induced more upshifted CBM and relatively fast IET, especially for the bonding mode through two O atoms of the carboxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Guomin Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxia Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. and Tianjin Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M, Benazzi E, Gentile F, Berardi S, Bignozzi CA, Argazzi R, Natali M, Sartorel A, Caramori S. Fluorinated Zn II Porphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Aqueous Photoelectrosynthetic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32895-32908. [PMID: 31429275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three perfluorinated ZnII porphyrins were evaluated as n-type sensitizers in photoelectrosynthetic cells for HBr and water splitting. All the dyes are featured by the presence of pentafluorophenyl electron-withdrawing groups to increase the ground-state oxidation potential and differ for the nature and position of the π-conjugate linker between the core and anchoring group tasked to bind the metal oxide, in order to assess the best way of coupling with the semiconductor. A phenyl-triazole moiety was used to link the carboxylic anchoring group onto the meso position, while an ethynyl-phenyl linker was chosen to bridge carboxylic and cyanoacrylic groups onto the β-pyrrolic position. A combination of electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic investigations confirmed the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the perfluorinated porphyrin core, which assures all the investigated dyes of the high oxidation potential required to the coupling with water oxidation catalysts (WOC). Such an electron-poor core, however, affects the charge separation character of the dyes, as demonstrated by the spatial distribution of the excited states, leading to a nonquantitative charge injection, although tilting of the molecules on the semiconductor surface could bring the porphyrin ring closer to the semiconductor, offering additional charge-transfer pathways. Indeed, all the dyes demonstrated successful in the splitting of both aqueous HBr and water, with the best results found for the SnO2/TiO2 photoanode sensitized with the β-substituted porphyrin equipped with a cyanoacrylic terminal group, achieving 0.4 and 0.1 mA/cm2 photoanodic currents in HBr and water under visible light, respectively. The faradaic yield for oxygen evolution in the presence of an IrIV catalyst was over 95%, and the photoanode operation was stable for more than 1000 s. Thus, the perfluorinated porphyrins with a cyanoacrylic anchoring group at the β-position should be considered for further development to improve the charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies of the National Research Council (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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14
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Sekaran B, Jang Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Push-Pull Porphyrins via β-Pyrrole Functionalization: Evidence of Excited State Events Leading to High-Potential Charge-Separated States. Chemistry 2019; 25:12991-13001. [PMID: 31415117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new set of free-base and zinc(II)-metallated, β-pyrrole-functionalized unsymmetrical push-pull porphyrins were designed and synthesized via β-mono- and dibrominated tetraphenylporphyrins using Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The ability of donors and acceptors on the push-pull porphyrins to produce high-potential charge separated states was investigated. The porphyrins were functionalized at the opposite β,β'-pyrrole positions of porphyrin ring bearing triphenylamine push groups and naphthalimide pull groups. Systematic studies involving optical absorption, steady-state and time-resolved emission revealed existence of intramolecular type interactions both in the ground and excited states. The push-pull nature of the molecular systems was supported by frontier orbitals generated on optimized structures, wherein delocalization of HOMO over the push group and LUMO over the pull group connecting the porphyrin π-system was witnessed. Electrochemical studies were performed to visualize the effect of push and pull groups on the overall redox potentials of the porphyrins. Spectroelectrochemical studies combined with frontier orbitals helped in characterizing the one-electron oxidized and reduced porphyrins. Finally, by performing transient absorption studies in polar benzonitrile, the ability of push-pull porphyrins to produce charge-separated states upon photoexcitation was confirmed and the measured rates were in the range of 109 s-1 . The lifetime of the final charge separated state was around 5 ns. This study ascertains the importance of push-pull porphyrins in solar energy conversion and diverse optoelectronic applications, for which high-potential charge-separated states are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijesh Sekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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15
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Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies for the engineering of small molecules with applications in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Di Carlo G, Orbelli Biroli A, Pizzotti M, Tessore F. Efficient Sunlight Harvesting by A 4 β-Pyrrolic Substituted Zn II Porphyrins: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2019; 7:177. [PMID: 31032244 PMCID: PMC6470396 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are a highly promising alternative to conventional photovoltaic silicon-based devices, due to the potential low cost and the interesting conversion efficiencies. A key-role is played by the dye, and porphyrin sensitizers have drawn great interest because of their excellent light harvesting properties mimicking photosynthesis. Indeed, porphyrins are characterized by strong electronic absorption bands in the visible region up to the near infrared and by long-lived π* singlet excited states. Moreover, the presence of four meso and eight β-pyrrolic positions allows a fine tuning of their photoelectrochemical properties through structural modification. Trans-A2BC push-pull ZnII porphyrins, characterized by a strong and directional electron excitation process along the push-pull system, have been extensively investigated. On the other hand, A4 β-pyrrolic substituted tetraaryl ZnII porphyrins, which incorporate a tetraaryl porphyrinic core as a starting material, have received lower attention, even if they are synthetically more attractive and show several advantages such as a more sterically hindered architecture and enhanced solubility in most common organic solvents. The present contribution intends to review the most prominent A4 β-substituted ZnII porphyrins reported in the literature so far for application in DSSCs, focusing on the strategies employed to enhance the light harvesting capability of the dye and on a comparison with meso-substituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
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17
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Pomarico G, Sabuzi F, Conte V, Galloni P. Bromination of tetrapyrrolic scaffolds: a sustainable approach. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable procedure developed for the bromination of organic substrates, such as olefins and small aromatic rings, has been applied to porphyrin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pomarico
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
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18
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Abstract
This short review outlines the main results obtained by our research group over the last 15 years in the field of porphyrins and metal porphyrins for second order nonlinear optics (NLO). This overview aims to provide a general framework of the key factors which affect the second order NLO response of porphyrin chromophores. The pivotal role of the porphyrin ring as π-conjugated linker, the nature of the metal center, the substitution pattern which features the geometrical arrangement of donor and acceptor substituents in the different classes of porphyrin NLO-phores, as well as the aggregation phenomena and the role of solvents are addressed in detail.
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19
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Parsa Z, Naghavi SS, Safari N. Designing Push-Pull Porphyrins for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5870-5877. [PMID: 29921128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, tremendous effort has been made to improve the light-harvesting ability of push-pull porphyrin dyes. Despite notable success achieved in this direction, push-pull porphyrin dyes still suffer from a poor light-harvesting efficiency owing to the lack of absorption between the Soret and Q-bands. To tackle this issue, here we design a series of push-pull porphyrin dyes with anchoring groups either at meso- or β-position using calculations based on first-principles time-dependent density functional theory. In contrast to the common perception, we find that porphyrin dyes bearing an electron-donor at the meso-position and an electron-acceptor at the β-position produce an additional extended band between the Soret and Q-bands appearing at around 500 nm due to S0 → S3 excitation, leading to a much higher light-harvesting performances compared to meso- and β-disubstituted ones. In addition, changing the π-conjugated linker at the acceptor site from ethylene linker (C═C) to acetylene linker (C≡C) further improves the light-harvesting ability of meso-β-porphyrin dyes, making them promising candidates for dye-sensitized solar cell application.
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20
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Possanza F, Limosani F, Tagliatesta P, Zanoni R, Scarselli M, Ciotta E, Pizzoferrato R. Functionalization of Carbon Spheres with a Porphyrin-Ferrocene Dyad. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2243-2249. [PMID: 29781239 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Meso-tetraphenylporphyrin connected with a ferrocene molecule in the beta-position of the macrocycle through a triple carbon-carbon bond has been bound to carbon spheres using the Prato-Maggini reaction. The ethynyl or/and phenylene ethynylene subunits were chosen as a linking bridge to give a high conjugation degree between the donor (i. e., ferrocene), the photoactive compound (i. e., porphyrin), and the acceptor (i. e., carbon spheres). The molecular bridges have been directly linked to the beta-pyrrole positions of the porphyrin ring, generating a new example of a long-range donor-acceptor system. Steady-state fluorescence studies together with Raman and XPS measurements helped understanding the chemical and physical properties of the porphyrin ring in the new adduct. The spectroscopic characteristics were also compared with those obtained from a similar compound bearing fullerene instead of carbon spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Possanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133-, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Limosani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133-, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133-, Rome, Italy
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185-, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Scarselli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133-, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Ciotta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133-, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133-, Rome, Italy
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21
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Mapley JI, Wagner P, Officer DL, Gordon KC. Computational and Spectroscopic Analysis of β-Indandione Modified Zinc Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4448-4456. [PMID: 29672040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins have characteristic optical properties which give them the potential to be used in a range of applications. In this study, a series of β-indandione modified zinc porphyrins, systematically changed in terms of linker length and substituent, resulted in absorption spectra that are dramatically different than that observed for the parent zinc porphyrin (ZnTXP, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)porphyrinato zinc(II)). These changes include strong absorptions at 420, 541, and 681 nm (110.2, 57.5, and 29.2 mM-1 cm-1, respectively) for the most perturbed compound. Computational studies were conducted and showed the different optical effects are due to a reorganization of molecular orbitals (MOs) away from Gouterman's four-orbital model. The substituent effects alter both unoccupied and occupied MOs. An increased length of linker group raised the energy of the HOMO-2 such that it plays a significant role in the observed transitions. The degenerate LUMO (eg) set are split by substitution, and this splitting may be increased by use of a propylidenodinitrile group, which shows the lowest-energy transitions and the greatest spectral perturbation from the parent zinc porphyrin complex. These data are supported by resonance Raman spectroscopy studies which show distinct enhancement of phenyl modes for high-energy transitions and indandione modes for lower-energy transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Mapley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , PO Box 56, Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - David L Officer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , PO Box 56, Dunedin , New Zealand
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22
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Song H, Liu Q, Xie Y. Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells: systematic molecular optimization, coadsorption and cosensitization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1811-1824. [PMID: 29372729 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a promising low-cost solar energy conversion technique, dye-sensitized solar cells have undergone spectacular development since 1991. For practical applications, improvement of power conversion efficiency has always been one of the major research topics. Porphyrins are outstanding sensitizers endowed with strong sunlight harvesting ability in the visible region and multiple reaction sites available for functionalization. However, judicious molecular design in consideration of light-harvest, energy levels, operational dynamics, adsorption geometry and suppression of back reactions is specifically required for achieving excellent photovoltaic performance. This feature article highlights some of the recently developed porphyrin sensitizers, especially focusing on the systematic dye structure optimization approach in combination with coadsorption and cosensitization methods in pursuing higher efficiencies. Herein, we expect to provide more insights into the structure-performance correlation and molecular engineering strategies in a stepwise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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23
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β-Substituted ZnII porphyrins as dyes for DSSC: A possible approach to photovoltaic windows. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Covezzi A, Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Forni A, Marinotto D, Biagini P, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M. 4D-π-1A type β-substituted Zn II-porphyrins: ideal green sensitizers for building-integrated photovoltaics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12642-12645. [PMID: 27722549 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel green β-substituted ZnII-porphyrins, G1 and G2, based on a 4D-π-1A type substitution pattern have been synthesized. Their enhanced push-pull character, by reduction of H-L energy gaps, promotes broadening and red-shifting of absorption bands. The effective synthetic pathway and the remarkable spectroscopic properties make G2 ideal for BIPV application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Covezzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - A Orbelli Biroli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Tessore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - A Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Marinotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - P Biagini
- Research Center for Renewable Energy & Environmental, Istituto Donegani, ENI S.p.A., via Fauser 4, I-28100, Novara, Italy
| | - G Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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25
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Jin X, Li D, Sun L, Wang CL, Bai FQ. Theoretical design of porphyrin sensitizers with different acceptors for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19804-19810. [PMID: 35541014 PMCID: PMC9080764 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, three porphyrin dyes with different acceptors, such as carboxylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, and 2-cyano-N-hydroxyacrylamide, have been designed. Compared to the best sensitizer (YD2-o-C8) so far, these designed dyes have small highest occupied orbital to lowest unoccupied orbital (HOMO–LUMO) band gaps, and wide absorptions with large oscillator strength at porphyrin Q bands. And the designed Dye1 is similar to YD2-o-C8 in electronic coupling with TiO2, while improved Dye2 and Dye3 are better than YD2-o-C8, thus, Dye2 and Dye3 will be much faster for electron injection in dye-sensitized solar cell systems based on their long-term stable and efficient anchor groups. All these features show that our designed dyes, especially Dye2 and Dye3, have better absorption performance and faster electron injection. In addition, our results point out that 2-cyano-N-hydroxyacrylamide is a new promising acceptor. This study is expected to assist the molecular design of new efficient dyes for the advancement of dye-sensitized solar cells. Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, three porphyrin dyes with different acceptors, such as carboxylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, and 2-cyano-N-hydroxyacrylamide, have been designed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Jin
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery
- China-Japan Union Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130033
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyuan Li
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery
- China-Japan Union Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130033
- People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Sun
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery
- China-Japan Union Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130033
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Long Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
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26
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Bornhof AB, Xiong R, Borbas KE. Rational Synthesis of 2-Bromoporphyrins and 2,12-Dibromoporphyrins. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12908-12913. [PMID: 29094938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bromoporphyrins were prepared by the metal-mediated self-condensation of brominated 1-formyldipyrromethanes. Depending on the conditions, Mg(II)-2,12-dibromoporphyrin and Mg(II)-2-bromoporphyrin could be obtained in up to 11% and 17% isolated yield, respectively. Zn(II) was also a viable templating metal. The positions of the bromine substituents were confirmed by 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis and the X-ray crystal structure of a derivative. Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions of the bromoporphyrins yielded 2-substituted or 2,12-disubstituted porphyrins with red-shifted absorption and emission spectra. This method provides access to the minimalist core of β-mono- and β,β'-disubstituted porphyrins from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Bea Bornhof
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Colombo A, Di Carlo G, Dragonetti C, Magni M, Orbelli Biroli A, Pizzotti M, Roberto D, Tessore F, Benazzi E, Bignozzi CA, Casarin L, Caramori S. Coupling of Zinc Porphyrin Dyes and Copper Electrolytes: A Springboard for Novel Sustainable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14189-14197. [PMID: 29091412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of β-substituted Zn2+ porphyrin dyes and copper-based electrolytes represents a sustainable route for economic and environmentally friendly dye-sensitized solar cells. Remarkably, a new copper electrolyte, [Cu(2-mesityl-1,10-phenanthroline)2]+/2+, exceeds the performance reached by Co2+/3+ and I-/I3- reference electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Dragonetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mirko Magni
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dominique Roberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,UdR INSTM di Milano , via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , SmartMatLab Centre, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benazzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Casarin
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara , Via F. di Mortara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Limosani F, Possanza F, Ciotta E, Pepi F, Salvitti C, Tagliatesta P, Pizzoferrato R. Synthesis and characterization of two new triads with ferrocene and C60 connected by triple bonds to the beta-positions of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The 2,12 pyrrole positions of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin were functionalized through triple carbon–carbon bonds by C60 and ferrocene giving new electron donor–acceptor triads which have been characterized and studied by photophysical methods. The fluorescence spectra of the new compounds have been compared to those previously reported for similar compounds giving as a result an increase of the quantum efficiency based on the larger separation of fullerene from the porphyrin ring. On the contrary the efficiency decreases with the presence of a phenylene spacer between ferrocene and the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Possanza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Ciotta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Universita’ di Roma-La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Universita’ di Roma-La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1-00133, Rome, Italy
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29
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Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Righetto S, Forni A, Macchioni A, Rocchigiani L, Pizzotti M, Di Carlo G. Intriguing Influence of -COOH-Driven Intermolecular Aggregation and Acid-Base Interactions with N,N-Dimethylformamide on the Second-Order Nonlinear-Optical Response of 5,15 Push-Pull Diarylzinc(II) Porphyrinates. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6438-6450. [PMID: 28475347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5,15 push-pull meso-diarylzinc(II) porphyrinates, carrying one or two -COOH or -COOCH3 acceptor groups and a -OCH3 or a -N(CH3)2 donor group, show in N,N-dimethylformamide and CHCl3 solutions a negative and solvent-dependent second-order nonlinear-optical (NLO) response measured by the electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) technique, different from the structurally related zinc(II) porphyrinate carrying a -N(CH3)2 donor group and a -NO2 acceptor group, where a still solvent-dependent but positive EFISH second-order response was previously reported. Moreover, when a -N(CH3)2 donor group and a -COOH acceptor group are part of a sterically hindered 2,12 push-pull β-pyrrolic-substituted tetraarylzinc(II) porphyrinate, the EFISH response is positive and solvent-independent. In order to rationalize these rather intriguing series of observations, EFISH measurements have been integrated by electronic absorption and IR spectroscopic investigations and by density functional theory (DFT) and coupled-perturbed DFT theoretical and 1H pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR investigations, which prompt that the significant concentration effects and the strong influence of the solvent nature on the NLO response are originated by a complex whole of different aggregation processes induced by the -COOH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Unità di Ricerca dell'INSTM, Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Righetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Unità di Ricerca dell'INSTM, Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Unità di Ricerca dell'INSTM, Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Unità di Ricerca dell'INSTM, Università degli Studi di Milano , via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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30
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Sánchez-Bojorge NA, Flores-Armendáriz S, Fuentes-Montero ME, Ramos-Sánchez VH, Zaragoza-Galán G, Rodríguez-Valdez LM. Theoretical and experimental analysis of porphyrin derivatives with suitable anchoring groups for DSSC applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, different porphyrin derivatives were experimentally synthesized and theoretically analyzed using several electronic structure methods to study the geometrical and electronic properties of A4, trans-A2B[Formula: see text]and A3B porphyrins bearing several functional groups (–OH, –COOH, -3,5-di-[Formula: see text]Bu, –OCH2CH2CH2COOEt and –OMe) suitable to be employed as dyes in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). A4 (R [Formula: see text] -H, -OMe, -OH, -3,5-di-tert-butyl, –OCH2CH2CH2COOEt) and A3B (R[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]R[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]R[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]–H; R[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]–OH and R[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]-3,5-di-[Formula: see text]Bu) porphyrins were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopies for comparison. The geometrical parameters were analyzed in the ground state and gas phase using the semiempirical method PM6 and the DFT functionals M06-2X and B3LYP, in combination with the 6-31G(d), DZVP and TZVP basis set. For calculations of the electronic and excited state properties, CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X and HSE06, using SMD as solvation model, were applied. This study revealed that HSE06/DZVP protocol is the best methodology to simulate electronic spectra in these porphyrin derivatives. Indeed, whereas substituent groups did not significantly affect the geometrical structure of the porphyrin derivatives studied, they do influence their electronic structures, mainly in the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Sánchez-Bojorge
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, S/N, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México
| | - Simón Flores-Armendáriz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, S/N, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México
| | - María E. Fuentes-Montero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, S/N, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México
| | - Victor H. Ramos-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, S/N, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México
| | - Gerardo Zaragoza-Galán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, S/N, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México
| | - Luz M. Rodríguez-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, S/N, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México
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31
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Waruna Jinadasa RG, Thomas MB, Hu Y, D'Souza F, Wang H. Investigation of the push–pull effects on β-functionalized benzoporphyrins bearing an ethynylphenyl bridge. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13182-13188. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Functionalized opp-dibenzoporphyrins show significant push–pull effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
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32
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Schmitz B, Li B, Waruna Jinadasa RG, Lalvani SB, Kerr LL, Wang H. Benzoporphyrins bearing pyridine or pyridine-N-oxide anchoring groups as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461650036x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzoporphyrins bearing pyridine or pyridine-[Formula: see text]-oxide groups were prepared through a concise method based on a Pd0 catalyzed cascade reaction. These benzoporphyrins were examined as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Vicinal pyridine and vicinal pyridine-[Formula: see text]-oxide groups were introduced as new types of anchoring/acceptor groups for dye-sensitized solar cells for the first time. While all the porphyrins showed solar to electricity conversion, benzoporphyrins bearing pyridine-[Formula: see text]-oxide anchoring groups displayed higher conversion efficiency than benzoporphyrins bearing pyridine-anchoring groups.Opp-dibenzoporphyrins display broadened and red-shifted UV-vis absorption and emission bands as compared with those of the monobenzoporphyrins, which arises from the fusion of one more benzene ring and the attachment of two more electron-withdrawing groups to the porphyrin [Formula: see text]-positions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) data and DFT calculation data obtained for these porphyrins agree well with their UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic data. The HOMO energy level derived from the first oxidation potentials indicate that regeneration of the resulting porphyrin radical cation by the redox mediator (I[Formula: see text]/I[Formula: see text] is thermodynamically feasible for all these benzoporphyrin sensitizers (3, 5, 8 and 10). On the other hand, excited state energy levels of these benzoporphyrins calculated from the CV data, the UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic data are all slightly lower than the energy level of the conduction band of TiO2, suggesting insufficient driving force for efficient electron injection from the porphyrin excited singlet state to the conduction band of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Bihong Li
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - R. G. Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Shashi B. Lalvani
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Lei L. Kerr
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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33
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Albertí M, Amat A, De Angelis F, Pirani F. From the LiI-(CH3CN)1–10 small clusters to the solvation process in acetonitrile solutions of lithium iodide. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Fermi A, Locritani M, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M, Caramori S, Yu Y, Korgel BA, Bergamini G, Ceroni P. Light-harvesting antennae based on photoactive silicon nanocrystals functionalized with porphyrin chromophores. Faraday Discuss 2016; 185:481-95. [PMID: 26399301 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals functionalized with tetraphenylporphyrin Zn(II) chromophores at the periphery perform as light harvesting antennae: excitation of the porphyrin units in the visible spectral region yields sensitized emission of the silicon nanocrystal core in the near infrared with a long lifetime (λ(max) = 905 nm, τ = 130 μs). This result demonstrates that this hybrid material has a potential application as a luminescent probe for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fermi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mirko Locritani
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, INSTM UdR Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 - Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yixuan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Brian A Korgel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. and INSTM UdR Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM), Italy
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35
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Amat A, Miliani C, Fantacci S. Structural and electronic properties of the PbCrO4 chrome yellow pigment and of its light sensitive sulfate-substituted compounds. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01444e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrome Yellows (CY) are a family of synthetic pigments of formula (PbCr(1−x)SxO4) used by van Gogh. We investigate structure/property relations in CY by first-principles methods, providing insight into their possible degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Amat
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO)
- CNR-ISTM
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
- CNR-ISTM
| | | | - Simona Fantacci
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO)
- CNR-ISTM
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
- CNR-ISTM
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36
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Charisiadis A, Nikolaou V, Karikis K, Giatagana C, Chalepli K, Ladomenou K, Biswas S, Sharma GD, Coutsolelos AG. Two new bulky substituted Zn porphyrins bearing carboxylate anchoring groups as promising dyes for DSSCs. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00634e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Two novel zinc-metallated porphyrins, bearing three and six long alkoxy chains at the periphery, have been synthesized as sensitizers in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Kostas Karikis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Chrysa Giatagana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Konstantina Chalepli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Suhayan Biswas
- Molecular Electronics and Optoelectronic Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- The LNM institute for Information Technology
- Jaipur 302031
- India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Molecular Electronics and Optoelectronic Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- The LNM institute for Information Technology
- Jaipur 302031
- India
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37
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Magnano G, Marinotto D, Cipolla MP, Trifiletti V, Listorti A, Mussini PR, Di Carlo G, Tessore F, Manca M, Orbelli Biroli A, Pizzotti M. Influence of alkoxy chain envelopes on the interfacial photoinduced processes in tetraarylporphyrin-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9577-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00129g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of the alkoxy chain length and nature on the reduction of dye-to-dye aggregation as well as on the enhancement of light harvesting capabilities.
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38
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Weber KT, Karikis K, Weber MD, Coto PB, Charisiadis A, Charitaki D, Charalambidis G, Angaridis P, Coutsolelos AG, Costa RD. Cunning metal core: efficiency/stability dilemma in metallated porphyrin based light-emitting electrochemical cells. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13284-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses, the photophysical/electrochemical characterization, and the first application in LECs of different metallated porphyrins are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3
- Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Kostas Karikis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Michael D. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3
- Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Pedro B. Coto
- Chair of Solid State Theory
- Physics Department
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Despina Charitaki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Panagiotis Angaridis
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | | | - Rubén D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3
- Erlangen
- Germany
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39
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Jinadasa RGW, Fang Y, Kumar S, Osinski AJ, Jiang X, Ziegler CJ, Kadish KM, Wang H. β-Functionalized Push–Pull opp-Dibenzoporphyrins. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12076-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. G. Waruna Jinadasa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Siddhartha Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Allen J. Osinski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | | | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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40
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van der Salm H, Wagner P, Wagner K, Officer DL, Wallace GG, Gordon KC. Flexible Tuning of Unsaturated β-Substituents on Zn Porphyrins: A Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Chemistry 2015; 21:15622-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Tagliatesta P, Pizzoferrato R. Synthesis and characterization of new ferrocene, porphyrin and C60 triads, connected by triple bonds. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Di Carlo G, Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Rizzato S, Forni A, Magnano G, Pizzotti M. Light-Induced Regiospecific Bromination of meso-Tetra(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)Porphyrin on 2,12 β-Pyrrolic Positions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4973-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technologies of CNR (ISTM-CNR), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technologies of CNR (ISTM-CNR), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Magnano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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43
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Higashino T, Imahori H. Porphyrins as excellent dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: recent developments and insights. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:448-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin sensitizers have exhibited power conversion efficiencies that are comparable to or even higher than those of well-established highly efficient DSSCs based on ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
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44
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Nikolaou V, Karikis K, Farré Y, Charalambidis G, Odobel F, Coutsolelos AG. Click made porphyrin–corrole dyad: a system for photo-induced charge separation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:13473-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of the first porphyrin–corrole dyad through click chemistry is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of BioInorg. Chem
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Kostas Karikis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of BioInorg. Chem
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Yoann Farré
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse
- Analyse
| | | | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse
- Analyse
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Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12330-96. [PMID: 25495339 DOI: 10.1021/cr5001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Di Carlo G, Caramori S, Trifiletti V, Giannuzzi R, De Marco L, Pizzotti M, Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Argazzi R, Bignozzi CA. Influence of porphyrinic structure on electron transfer processes at the electrolyte/dye/TiO₂ interface in PSSCs: a comparison between meso push-pull and β-pyrrolic architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15841-15852. [PMID: 25089649 DOI: 10.1021/am503113x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photophysical and photoelectrochemical investigations have been carried out to compare the electron transfer dynamics of a 2-β-substituted tetraarylporphyrinic dye (ZnB) and a 5,15-meso-disubstituted diarylporphyrinic one (ZnM) at the electrolyte/dye/TiO2 interface in PSSCs. Although the meso push-pull structural arrangement has shown, up to now, to have the best performing architecture for solar cell applications, we have obtained superior energy conversion efficiencies for ZnB (6.1%) rather than for ZnM (3.9%), by using the I(-)/I3(-)-based electrolyte. To gain deeper insights about these unexpected results, we have investigated whether the intrinsic structural features of the two different porphyrinic dyes can play a key role on electron transfer processes occurring at the dye-sensitized TiO2 interface. We have found that charge injection yields into TiO2 are quite similar for both dyes and that the regeneration efficiencies by I(-), are also comparable and in the range of 75-85%. Moreover, besides injection quantum yields above 80%, identical dye loading, for both ZnB and ZnM, has been evidenced by spectrophotometric measurements on transparent thin TiO2 layers after the same adsorption period. Conversely, major differences have emerged by DC and AC (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) photoelectrochemical investigations, pointing out a slower charge recombination rate when ZnB is adsorbed on TiO2. This may result from its more sterically hindered macrocyclic core which, besides guaranteeing a decrease of π-staking aggregation of the dye, promotes a superior shielding of the TiO2 surface against charge recombination involving oxidized species of the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, INSTM Research Unit , Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Lu J, Zhang B, Liu S, Li H, Yuan H, Shen Y, Xu J, Cheng Y, Wang M. A cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophene–porphyrin conjugate for mesoscopic solar cells: a D–π–D–A approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:24755-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT) was introduced as a spacer between the porphyrin chromophore and cyanoacetic acid to obtain a porphyrin dye (coded as LW9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bingyan Zhang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huailiang Yuan
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Cheng
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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48
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Ladomenou K, Kitsopoulos TN, Sharma GD, Coutsolelos AG. The importance of various anchoring groups attached on porphyrins as potential dyes for DSSC applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of different anchoring groups in the efficiency of porphyrin dye sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ladomenou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - G. D. Sharma
- R&D Centre for Engineering and Science
- JEC Group of Colleges
- Jaipur, India
| | - A. G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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