1
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Krämer F. Aluminum in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405207. [PMID: 38826040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This review article describes the development of the use of aluminum compounds in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) over the last 14 years. It also discusses the synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications of intermolecular, intramolecular and so-called hidden FLPs with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon Lewis bases. The intrinsically higher acidity of aluminum compounds compared to their boron analogs opens up different reaction pathways. The results are presented in a more or less chronological order. It is shown that Al FLPs react with a variety of polar and non-polar substrates and form both stable adducts and reversibly activate bonds. Consequently, some catalytic applications of the title compounds were presented such as dimerization of alkynes, hydrogenation of tert-butyl ethylene and imines, C-F bond activation, reduction of CO2, dehydrogenation of amine borane and transfer of ammonia. In addition, various Al FLPs were used as initiators in polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- C1 Green Chemicals AG, Am Studio 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Krämer F, Paradies J, Fernández I, Breher F. Quo Vadis CO 2 Activation: Catalytic Reduction of CO 2 to Methanol Using Aluminum and Gallium/Carbon-based Ambiphiles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303380. [PMID: 37983975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on so-called "hidden FLPs" (FLP: frustrated Lewis pair) consisting of a phosphorus ylide featuring a group 13 fragment in the ortho position of a phenyl ring scaffold to form five-membered ring structures. Although the formation of the Lewis acid/base adducts was observed in the solid state, most of the title compounds readily react with carbon dioxide to provide stable insertion products. Strikingly, 0.3-3.0 mol% of the reported aluminum and gallium/carbon-based ambiphiles catalyze the reduction of CO2 to methanol with satisfactory high selectivity and yields using pinacol borane as stoichiometric reduction equivalent. Comprehensive computational studies provided valuable mechanistic insights and shed more light on activity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Chemistry Department, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Bisht SK, Sharma D, Kannan R, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Venugopal A. Quest for Active Species in Al/B-Catalyzed CO 2 Hydrosilylation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18543-18552. [PMID: 37906233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the catalytic role of aluminum and boron centers in aluminum borohydride [(2-Me2CH2C6H4)(C6H5)Al(μ-H)2B(C6H5)2] (6) during carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrosilylation. Preliminary investigations into CO2 reduction using [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)(H)Al(μ-H)]2 (1) and [Ph3C][B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)4] (2) in the presence of Et3SiH and PhSiH3 resulted in CH2(OSiR3)2 and CH3OSiR3, which serve as formaldehyde and methanol surrogates, respectively. In pursuit of identifying the active catalytic species, three compounds, B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)3 (3), [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)(3,5-C6H3Cl2)Al(μ-H)2B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)2] (4), and [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)2Al(THF)][B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)4] (5), were isolated. Among compounds 2-5, the highest catalytic conversion was achieved by 4. Further, 4 and 6 were prepared in a straightforward method by treating 1 with 3 and BPh3, respectively. 6 was found to be in equilibrium with 1 and BPh3, thus making the catalytic process of 6 more efficient than that of 4. Computational investigations inferred that CO2 reduction occurs across the Al-H bond, while Si-H activation occurs through a concerted mechanism involving an in situ generated aluminum formate species and BPh3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kathayat Bisht
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse, Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse, Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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4
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Abstract
Three-membered-ring scaffolds of carbocycles, namely, cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes, are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. These molecules exhibit a peculiar reactivity, and their applications as synthetic intermediates and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis have been extensively studied over the past century. The incorporation of heteroatoms into three-membered cyclic structures has attracted significant attention, reflecting fundamental differences in their electronic/geometric structures and reactivities compared to their carbon congeners and their associated potential for exploitation in applications. Recently, the chemistry of low-valent aluminum species, alumylenes, dialumenes, and aluminyl anions, has dramatically developed, which has allowed access to hitherto unprecedented aluminacycles. This Perspective focuses upon advances in the chemistry of three-membered aluminacycles, including their synthetic protocols, spectroscopic and structural properties, and reactivity toward various substrates and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Yan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Shaves CL, Villegas-Escobar N, Clark ER, Riddlestone IM. Diverse Cooperative Reactivity at a Square Planar Aluminium Complex and Catalytic Reduction of CO 2. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203806. [PMID: 36511153 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of a sterically demanding pincer ligand to prepare an unusual square planar aluminium complex is reported. Due to the constrained geometry imposed by the ligand scaffold, this four-coordinate aluminium centre remains Lewis acidic and reacts via differing metal-ligand cooperative pathways for activating ketones and CO2 . It is also a rare example of a single-component aluminium system for the catalytic reduction of CO2 to a methanol equivalent at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Shaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Ewan R Clark
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Ian M Riddlestone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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6
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Yin ZB, Wu B, Wang GX, Wei J, Xi Z. Dinitrogen Functionalization Affording Chromium Diazenido and Side-on η 2-Hydrazido Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7065-7070. [PMID: 36815758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of key intermediate complexes in dinitrogen functionalization is crucial for elucidating the mechanistic details and further investigation. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of (μ-η1:η1-N2)(η1-N2)-Cr(I) 3 and (η1-N2)2-Cr(0) complexes 4 supported by Cp* (Cp* = C5Me5) and NHC ligands were reported. Further functionalization of Cr(0)-N2 complex 4 with silyl halides delivered the key intermediates in the alternating pathway, the chromium diazenido complex 5 and the chromium side-on η2-hydrazido complex 6. Protonation of 6 led to the quantitative formation of N2H4. Moreover, the [η2-Me3SiNNSiMe3]2- unit in 6 enabled N-C bond formation reactions with CO2 and tBuNCO, giving the corresponding N,O-chelating hydrazidochromium complexes 7 and 8, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Bao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Botao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Yan C, Kinjo R. A Three‐Membered Diazo‐Aluminum Heterocycle to Access an Al=C π Bonding Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Yan
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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8
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Yan C, Kinjo R. A Three‐membered Diazo‐Aluminum Heterocycle to Access an Al=C π Bonding Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Yan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology SINGAPORE
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Nanyang Technological University Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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9
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Haider W, Calvin-Brown MD, Bischoff IA, Huch V, Morgenstern B, Müller C, Sergeieva T, Andrada DM, Schäfer A. Diarylpnictogenyldialkylalanes─Synthesis, Structures, Bonding Analysis, and CO 2 Capture. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1672-1684. [PMID: 34985262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several new diphenylamino- and diphenylphosphanyldialkylalanes are reported, which were characterized in solution and in the solid state, assisted by in-depth bonding analysis within the DFT framework. In the case of bulky alkyl substituents on the aluminum atom, the species are stable in their monomeric form and were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, expanding the relatively small field of monomeric pnictogenylalanes. In the case of oligomeric diphenylpnictogenyldimethylalanes, their reactivity toward different σ-donor ligands was studied, and several examples of monomeric adducts could be structurally characterized, including the first cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene complexes. The reactivity of these CAAC complexes, their oligomeric precursors, and an unstabilized monomeric aminoalane toward CO2 was probed, leading to different insertion products that could be characterized. Additionally, the mechanism was elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Haider
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marces Devonne Calvin-Brown
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inga-Alexandra Bischoff
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Tetiana Sergeieva
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Saarland University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
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10
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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11
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Dodonov VA, Kushnerova OA, Baranov EV, Novikov AS, Fedushkin IL. Activation and modification of carbon dioxide by redox-active low-valent gallium species. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8899-8906. [PMID: 34105584 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The activation of carbon dioxide by metallylene [(dpp-bian)GaNa(DME)2] (dpp-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) under mild conditions is described. Furthermore, the reaction of the activation complex [(dpp-bian)Ga(CO2)2Ga(dpp-bian)][Na(DME)2]2 (2) with diphenylketene, cyclohexyl isocyanate, and phenyl isocyanate leads to the elimination of carbon monoxide and the formation of derivatives of oxocarboxylic acid [(dpp-bian)GaOC(O)C(Ph)2C(CPh2)O][Na(DME)2] (6) and carbamate derivatives [(dpp-bian)GaN(Cy)C(O)N(Cy)C(O)O]2[Na(DME)2]2 (7) and [(dpp-bian)GaN(Ph)C(O)O]2[Na(DME)2]2 (8), respectively. Complexes have been characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Their electronic structures have been examined by DFT calculations. The possible mechanism of the modification reaction is proposed and supported by the investigation of 13CO2-enriched samples and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Dodonov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Olga A Kushnerova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Evgeny V Baranov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
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12
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Haider W, Huch V, Morgenstern B, Schäfer A. Donor-Stabilized Monocarba-Bridged Bis(cyclopentadienyl)alanes. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:1095-1099. [PMID: 33163326 PMCID: PMC7607447 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Five monocarba-bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)aluminum halide NHC and thione complexes and one monocarba-bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)phosphanylalane NHC complex are reported. The former were synthesized by transmetalation of a C[1]magnesocenophane with the corresponding aluminum(III) chloride and aluminum(III) bromide donor adducts. The phosphanylalane complex was obtained by a subsequent functionalization of the corresponding bromoalane with lithium diphenylphosphide. All complexes were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Bonding energies of the NHC and thione ligands to the aluminum centres were estimated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Haider
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenSaarland (Federal Republic ofGermany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenSaarland (Federal Republic ofGermany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenSaarland (Federal Republic ofGermany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenSaarland (Federal Republic ofGermany
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13
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Horstmann JS, Klabunde S, Hepp A, Layh M, Hansen MR, Eckert H, Würthwein E, Uhl W. Reactions of Al‐N Based Active Lewis Pairs with Ketones and 1,2‐Diketones: Insertion into Al‐N Bonds, C‐C and C‐N Bond Formation and a Tricyclic Saturated Tetraaza Compound. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Silissa Horstmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sina Klabunde
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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14
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Huang Y, Jiang W, Xi X, Li Y, Wang X, Yang M, Zhang Z, Su M, Zhu H. Versatile Reaction Patterns of Phosphanylhydrosilylalkyne with B(C
6
F
5
)
3
: A Remarkable Group Substitution Effect. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Xin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University 311121 Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Ming‐Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiayi University 60004 Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Zheng‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiayi University 60004 Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiayi University 60004 Chiayi Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University 80708 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
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15
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Ebner F, Sigmund LM, Greb L. Metal–Ligand Cooperativity of the Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate: Triggerable C−C Bond Formation and Rate Control in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ebner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Maximilian Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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16
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Ebner F, Sigmund LM, Greb L. Metal-Ligand Cooperativity of the Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate: Triggerable C-C Bond Formation and Rate Control in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17118-17124. [PMID: 32573936 PMCID: PMC7540271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity (MLC) had a remarkable impact on transition metal chemistry and catalysis. By use of the calix[4]pyrrolato aluminate, [1]- , which features a square-planar AlIII , we transfer this concept into the p-block and fully elucidate its mechanisms by experiment and theory. Complementary to transition metal-based MLC (aromatization upon substrate binding), substrate binding in [1]- occurs by dearomatization of the ligand. The aluminate trapps carbonyls by the formation of C-C and Al-O bonds, but the products maintain full reversibility and outstanding dynamic exchange rates. Remarkably, the C-C bonds can be formed or cleaved by the addition or removal of lithium cations, permitting unprecedented control over the system's constitutional state. Moreover, the metal-ligand cooperative substrate interaction allows to twist the kinetics of catalytic hydroboration reactions in a unique sense. Ultimately, this work describes the evolution of an anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel species from their being as a structural curiosity to their application as a reagent and catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ebner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lukas Maximilian Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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17
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Horstmann JS, Hepp A, Layh M, Uhl W. Al/N-based active Lewis pairs: isocyanate insertion products as efficient nucleophiles employed for the facile generation of highly functional molecules. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The previously reported active Lewis pair (ALP)
i
Bu2Al–N(2-Ad)NC5H10 (1) (2-Ad = 2-adamantyl) is readily accessible by hydroalumination of the hydrazone H10C5N–N=(2-C10H14) with H–Al
i
Bu2. Treatment of 1 with two equivalents of isocyanates R-N=C=O yields six-membered AlC2N2O heterocycles 2 (2a, R = Ph; 2b, R = p-Tol) by dual insertion into the Al–N bonds. 2a reacts as a nucleophile with carboxylic acid chlorides R-C(O)–Cl [R = CH2
t
Bu, p-Tol, H2CCH(Me)C6H4(4-CH2CHMe2) (Ibu-profen acid chloride), 0.5 (1,4-C6H4)] to afford by elimination of
i
Bu2AlCl and hydrolysis new triuret derivatives R-C(O)[N(Ph)C(O)]2–N(2-Ad)NC5H10 (3a to 3d) as colourless, sparingly soluble solids in moderate (3c) to high (3b) yields. The analogous reaction of 2a with (p-Tol)–C(Cl)=N(p-Tol) leads to the imidoyl derivative (p-Tol)N=C(p-Tol)[N(Ph)C(O)]2–N(2-Ad)NC5H10 (4a), which showed a fast exchange of phenyl and tolyl groups to yield a mixture of isomers. The analogous reaction of 2b affords the corresponding compound 4b for which a single isomer is isolated despite the scrambling of substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Silissa Horstmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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18
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Yokley TW, Tupkar H, Schley ND, DeYonker NJ, Brewster TP. CO 2 Capture by 2-(Methylamino)pyridine Ligated Aluminum Alkyl Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:2958-2967. [PMID: 32879618 PMCID: PMC7457790 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel, easily synthesized aluminum complexes, Al[κ2-N,N-2-(methylamino)pyridine]2R (R = Et, iBu) are reported. When subjected to 1 atm of CO2 pressure, each hemilabile pyridine arm dissociates and facilitates cooperative activation of the CO2 substrate reminiscent of a Frustrated Lewis Pair. This reaction has limited precedent for Al/N based Lewis Pair systems, and this is the first system readily shown to sequester multiple equivalents of CO2 per aluminum center. The ethyl variant then reacts further, inserting a third equivalent of CO2 into the aluminum alkyl to generate an aluminum carboxylate. Examples of this type of reactivity are rare under thermal conditions. A joint experimental/computational study supports the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Yokley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Tupkar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Timothy P Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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19
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Anker MD, Schwamm RJ, Coles MP. Synthesis and reactivity of a terminal aluminium–imide bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2288-2291. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Al–Nimide bond in a new anionic aluminium imide complex reacts via a [2+2] cycloaddition with CO2 to afford the dianionic carbamate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6012
- New Zealand
| | - Ryan J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6012
- New Zealand
| | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6012
- New Zealand
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20
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Uhl W, Martinewski K, Bruchhage JS, Hepp A, Layh M, Dielmann F, Mehlmann P. Cooperative activation of azides by an Al/N-based active Lewis pair – unexpected insertion of nitrogen atoms into C–Si bonds and formation of AlCN3 heterocycles. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The active Lewis pairs (ALPs) 2,6-Me2H8C5N–C(H) = C(SiMe3)–AlR2 (1a: R =
t
Bu, 1b, R =
i
Bu) have strained AlC2N heterocycles and relatively weak Al–N bonds. They react readily with a series of organic azides R′N3 [R′ = Ph, CH2C6H4(4-
t
Bu),
t
Bu, SiMe3, CH2Ph] by cleavage of the heterocycles and addition of the azides with their α-N atoms to the Al atom. The Al–N interactions result in an activation of the azide groups which insert into the C–Si bonds of the vinyl groups with their terminal γ-N atoms. Compounds with approximately planar five-membered AlCN3 heterocycles and intact N3 groups are formed in highly selective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Katja Martinewski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Julia Silissa Bruchhage
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Paul Mehlmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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21
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Uhl W, Hengesbach F, Isermann J, Soleimani M, Schürmann L, Hepp A, Layh M. New Ga/N‐based Active Lewis Pairs, Trifunctional Ga–Ga Compounds, Reactions with Cyanamide and Dual Insertion of Isocyanate. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Hengesbach
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jennifer Isermann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Meisam Soleimani
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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22
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Vinogradov AA, Minyaev ME, Lyssenko KA, Nifant’ev IE. Crystal structure of bis(μ 2-tri-phenyl-acetato-κ O:κ O')bis(diisobutylaluminium). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:456-459. [PMID: 31161056 PMCID: PMC6509680 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of the title compound, [Al(iBu)2(O2CCPh3)]2 or [Al2(C4H9)4(C20H15O2)2], have been formed in the reaction between tris-(tetra-hydro-furan)-tris-(tri-phenyl-acetato)-neodymium, [Nd(Ph3CCOO)3(THF)3], and triiso-butyl-aluminium, Al(iBu)3, in hexane followed by low-temperature crystallization (243 K) from the reaction mixture. The structure has triclinic (P ) symmetry at 120 K. The dimeric complex [Al(iBu)2(O2CCPh3-μ-κO:κO')]2 is located about an inversion centre. The tri-phenyl-acetate ligand displays a μ-κO:κO'-bridging coordination mode, leading to the formation of an octa-gonal Al2O4C2 core. The complex displays HPh⋯CPh inter-molecular inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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23
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Zhang W, Dodonov VA, Chen W, Zhao Y, Skatova AA, Fedushkin IL, Roesky PW, Wu B, Yang XJ. Cycloaddition versus Cleavage of the C=S Bond of Isothiocyanates Promoted by Digallane Compounds with Noninnocent α-Diimine Ligands. Chemistry 2018; 24:14994-15002. [PMID: 30016556 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the chemistry of single-bond activation by compounds of the main group elements has undergone some development in recent years, the cleavage of multiple bonds remains underexplored. Herein, the reactions of two digallanes bearing α-diimine ligands, namely, [L1 Ga-GaL1 ] (1, L1 =dpp-dad=[(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )NC(CH3 )]2 ) and [L2 Ga-GaL2 ] (2, L2 =dpp-bian=1,2-[(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )NC]2 C10 H6 ), with isothiocyanates are reported. Reactions of 1 or 2 with isothiocyanates in 1:2 molar ratio proceeded with [2+4] cycloaddition of the C=S bond across the C2 N2 Ga metallacycle with formation of C-C and S-Ga single bonds to afford [L1 (RN=C-S)Ga-Ga(S-C=NR)L1 ] (3, R=Me; 4, R=Ph) and [L2 (RN=C-S)Ga-Ga(S-C=NR)L2 ] (8, R=allyl; 9, R=Ph). In the cases of 8 and 9, this cycloaddition is reversible. The digallanes reacted with 2 equiv of PhNCS in the presence of Na metal or at high temperatures through a unique reductive cleavage of the C=S bond to yield the disulfide-bridged digallium species [Na(THF)3 ]2 [L1 Ga(μ-S)2 GaL1 ] (5), [L2 Ga(μ-S)2 GaL2 ] (10), and [Na(DME)3 ][L2 Ga(μ-S)2 GaL2 ] (11). Moreover, products 4 and 5 can further react with an excess of isothiocyanate, through cleavage of the C=S bond or cycloaddition, to give the bis- or mono-S-bridged complexes [Na(THF)2 ]2 [L1 (PhN=C-S)Ga(μ-S)2 Ga(S-C=NPh)L1 ] (6) and [L1 (PhN=C-S)Ga(μ-S)Ga(S-C=NPh)L1 ] (7). All the newly prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, NMR (3-9) or ESR spectroscopy (11), and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Vladimir A Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Weixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Alexandra A Skatova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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24
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Martinewski K, Holtrichter-Rößmann T, Rösener C, Hepp A, Würthwein EU, Uhl W. Cooperative Activation of Isocyanates by Al-N-Based Active Lewis Pairs and the Generation of a C 5 Chain by Simultaneous Formation of Two C-C Bonds. Chemistry 2017; 23:6129-6141. [PMID: 28079943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The active Al/N Lewis pair, (Me3 C)2 Al-C(SiMe3 )=C(H)-N(CHMe-CH2 )2 CH2 (2), reacted with isocyanates to afford a fascinating variety of products. One equivalent of Ph-N=C=O yielded by the release of H-C≡C-SiMe3 an urea-type ligand which coordinated the Al atom in a chelating manner (4). Dipp-N=C=O gave a similar product, but the bulky substituent hindered the approach of the N-aryl group to Al. A situation similar to that of frustrated Lewis pairs resulted in the coordination of the alkyne to the Al and N atoms (6) by C-H bond activation. Dual insertion was observed upon treatment of 2 with two equivalents of isocyanates (8 to 11). The preferred formation of cyclic oligomers is prevented by the specific cooperative properties of the Lewis pair. A metal-free dimeric isocyanate (13) was formed by hydrolysis. Replacement of the CMe3 groups in 2 by less bulky isobutyl groups (7) afforded the insertion of two isocyanate molecules into the Al-vinyl bonds without alkyne elimination. The resulting highly functionalised compound had a chain formed by two isocyanates and the organic backbone of the Lewis pair. Me3 C-N=C=O and 2 afforded a unique compound (14) in which an isocyanate ligand connects two molecules of 2 by the release of dimethylpiperidine. The combination of a C1 building block and two C2 groups gave an unsaturated branched C5 moiety by the simultaneous formation of two C-C bonds. The molecular structure showed an interaction between an Al atom and a C-C π-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Martinewski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Holtrichter-Rößmann
- Organisch-chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Rösener
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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25
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Zijlstra HS, Pahl J, Penafiel J, Harder S. "Masked" Lewis-acidity of an aluminum α-phosphinoamide complex. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3601-3610. [PMID: 28243643 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Ph2P(DIPP)NH with AlMe3 cleanly gives an aluminum amide complex that crystallizes as a centrosymmetric dimer with a six-membered Al-N-P-Al-N-P ring. In aromatic solvents the dimer remains intact but the Al-P bond is readily broken upon addition of THF to form Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2·THF. Efforts to use [Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2]2 as a "masked" Lewis acidic activator for olefin polymerization catalysts were unsuccessful but the complex showed a Frustrated Lewis pair reactivity instead. The P/Al complex reacts with isocyanates to give the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O inserted product that crystallizes as a five-membered ring system Al-O-C(NR)-P-N. The reaction of [Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2]2 with CO2, however, gave an insertion in the N-Al bond and the dimeric product [Ph2P(DIPP)NCO2AlMe2]2 was isolated. The dimer [Ph2P(DIPP)NAlMe2]2 is one of the few Al/P FLPs that can activate C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds irreversibly. A reaction with allyl methyl sulfide and 1-hexene led to the clean formation of the structurally similar activated alkene products [(DIPP)N-Ph2P-CH(CH2SMe)CH2]AlMe2 and [(DIPP)N-Ph2P-CH(C4H9)CH2]AlMe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmen S Zijlstra
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands and Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johanne Penafiel
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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26
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Uhl W, Willeke M, Hepp A, Pleschka D, Layh M. A Dimeric Gallium Hydrazide as an Active Lewis Pair - Complexation and Activation of Me2GaH and Various Heterocumulenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Damian Pleschka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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27
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Balmer M, Kapitein M, von Hänisch C. Improved reactivity of a cyclic 13/15 compound by increased steric demand. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7074-7081. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a masked flp was investigated for the sterically overloaded group 13/15 ring compound [tBu2GaP(H)tBu2Ph]2, as can be seen from its reaction with phenyl-isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Manuel Kapitein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
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28
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Lu SM, Huang JC, Liu GT, Lin ZW, Li YT, Huang XH, Huang CC, Wu ST. Ammonia-modulated reversible gel–solution phase transition and fluorescence switch for a salicylhydrazide-based metal–organic gel. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorescence metal–organic gel was studied with its reversible gel–solution phase transition and fluorescence switch by the modulation of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Lu
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Jian-Cai Huang
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Guo-Ting Liu
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- PR China
| | - Yan-Tong Li
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Xi-He Huang
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Chang-Cang Huang
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Optical Crystalline Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- PR China
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29
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Uhl W, Willeke M, Hengesbach F, Hepp A, Layh M. Aluminum and Gallium Hydrazides as Active Lewis Pairs: Cooperative C–H Bond Activation with H–C≡C–Ph and Pentafluorobenzene. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Hengesbach
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Hinz A, Schulz A, Villinger A. Metal-Free Activation of Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and Ammonia by the Open-Shell Singlet Biradicaloid [P(μ-NTer)]2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12214-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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Hinz A, Schulz A, Villinger A. Metallfreie Aktivierung von Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoffdioxid und Ammoniak durch das offenschalige Singulett-Biradikaloid [P(μ-NTer)]2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford Großbritannien
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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32
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Uhl W, Honacker C, Hepp A, Layh M, Würthwein E. σ‐Bond Activation in Aluminium‐Functionalized Alkynylchlorogermanes: Facile Insertion of Isocyanate and Azide into Al–C and Ge–Cl Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
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Uhl W, Bruchhage JS, Willeke M, Hepp A, Kösters J. Reactivity of a Monomeric Aluminium Hydrazide towards Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates: Active Lewis Pair Behaviour versus Classical Insertion Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Julia Silissa Bruchhage
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
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34
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Klöcker H, Layh M, Hepp A, Uhl W. Hydroalumination of alkynyl-aminophosphines as a promising tool for the synthesis of unusual phosphines: P–N bond activation, a transient phosphaallene, a zwitterionic AlP2C2heterocycle and a masked Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2031-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroalumination of alkynyl-aminophosphines afforded an AlP2C2heterocycleviaP–N bond activation and a transient phosphaallene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Klöcker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
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35
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Molecular complexes of group 13 element trihalides, pentafluorophenyl derivatives and Lewis superacids. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Jin X, Willeke M, Lucchesi R, Daniliuc CG, Fröhlich R, Wibbeling B, Uhl W, Würthwein EU. Hydroalumination of Ketenimines and Subsequent Reactions with Heterocumulenes: Synthesis of Unsaturated Amide Derivatives and 1,3-Diimines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6062-75. [PMID: 26031425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The series of differently substituted ketenimines 1 was hydroluminated using di-iso-butyl aluminum hydride. For the sterically congested ketenimine 1a, preferred hydroalumination of the C═N-bond was proven by X-ray crystallography (compound 5a). In situ treatment of the hydroaluminated ketenimines 5 with various heterocumulenes like carbodiimides, isocycanates, isothiocyanates and ketenimines as electrophiles and subsequent hydrolytic workup resulted in novel enamine derived amide species in case of N-attack (sterically less hindered ketenimines) under formation of a new C-N-bond or in 1,3-diimines by C-C-bond-formation in case of bulky substituents at the ketenimine-nitrogen atom. Furthermore, domino reactions with more than 1 equiv of the electrophile or by subsequent addition of two different electrophiles are possible and lead to polyfunctional amide derivatives of the biuret type which are otherwise not easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- †Organisch Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Willeke
- ‡Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucchesi
- †Organisch Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Roland Fröhlich
- †Organisch Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Wibbeling
- †Organisch Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- ‡Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- †Organisch Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Tannert J, Honacker C, Layh M, Qu ZW, Risthaus T, Grimme S. Cooperative Ge-N Bond activation in aluminium-functionalised aminogermanes and spontaneous imine elimination via an intermediate germyl cation. Chemistry 2015; 21:2638-50. [PMID: 25521391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrometallation of iPr2 N-Ge(CMe3 )(C≡C-CMe3 )2 with H-M(CMe3 )2 (M=Al, Ga) affords alkenyl-alkynylgermanes in which the Lewis-acidic metal atoms are not coordinated by the amino N atoms but by the α-C atoms of the ethynyl groups. These interactions result in a lengthening of the Ge-C bonds by approximately 10 pm and a comparably strong deviation of the Ge-CC angle from linearity (154.3(1)°). This unusual behaviour may be caused by steric shielding of the N atoms. Coordination of the metal atoms by the amino groups is observed upon hydrometallation of Et2 N-Ge(C6 H5 )(C≡C-CMe3 )2 , bearing a smaller NR2 group. Strong M-N interactions lead to a lengthening of the Ge-N bonds by 10 to 15 pm and a strong deviation of the M atoms from the MC3 plane by 52 and 47 pm, for Al and Ga, respectively. Dual hydrometallation is achieved only with HAl(CMe3 )2 . In the product, there is a strong Al-N bond with converging Al-N and Ge-N distances (208 vs. 200 pm) and an interaction of the second Al atom to the phenyl group. Addition of chloride anions terminates the latter interaction while the activated Ge-N bond undergoes an unprecedented elimination of EtN=C(H)Me at room temperature, leading to a germane with a Ge-H bond. State-of-the-art DFT calculations reveal that the unique mechanism comprises the transfer of the amino group from Ge to Al to yield an intermediate germyl cation as a strong Lewis acid, which induces β-hydride elimination, with chloride binding being crucial for providing the thermodynamic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-8336660.
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Thompson EJ, Myers TW, Berben LA. Synthesis of Square-Planar Aluminum(III) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14132-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Thompson EJ, Myers TW, Berben LA. Synthesis of Square-Planar Aluminum(III) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Uhl W, Bohnemann J, Kappelt B, Hepp A, Layh M. Hydrometallation of amino-trialkynylsilanes--intramolecular M-N interactions (M = Al, Ga) and potential activation of Si-N bonds. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14386-98. [PMID: 24968284 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00922c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrometallation of a pyrrolidyl functionalised trialkynylsilane, H8C4N-Si(C≡C-CMe3)3, with equimolar quantities of H-M(CMe3)2 (M = Al, Ga) resulted in the formation of mixed alkenyl-dialkynylsilanes (3a, 3b) which have a Lewis-acidic Al or Ga atom in the geminal position to the Si atom and form four-membered M-N-Si-C heterocycles by a strong interaction of the amine N atoms with the Lewis-acidic metal atoms. This interaction results in a concomitant lengthening and weakening of the Si-N bonds. Dual hydrometallation afforded alkynyl-dialkenylsilanes (4a, 4b) with two Lewis-acidic metal atoms. Al-N and Ga-N interactions to one of the Lewis-acidic centres led again to the formation of M-N-Si-C heterocycles. The second Al atom of 4a interacted with C-H bonds of the vinylic tert-butyl group, while the Ga atom of 4b was coordinated to the α-C atom of the remaining alkynyl substituent. Dual hydrometallation of the corresponding pyrrolyl-trialkynylsilane resulted in compounds with different structures (5a, 5b) due to the delocalisation of the lone pair of electrons at nitrogen in the aromatic ring. One metal atom is coordinated to the α-C atom of the alkynyl group, and the other has close contact to a C-H bond of the pyrrole ring. The synthesis of 4b gave an unprecedented bicyclic by-product (6) which has a Ga-H-Ga 3c-2e bond. It was formally formed by hydrogallation of the trialkyne with the sesquihydride [H2Ga-CMe3]2[H-Ga(CMe3)2]2 and was also obtained by the selective reaction with this starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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41
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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42
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Wu ST, Tang HL, Lu SM, Ye QY, Huang XH, Huang CC, Hu XL, Zheng ST. Delicate modulated assembly of a new kind of trinuclear copper(ii) motif governed by N-containing agents. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new kind of trinuclear cupric motif was preparedin situby adopting a novel multidentate bihydrazide ligand, leading to five assembly styles that were governed by N-containing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
| | | | - Shu-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Ye
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xi-He Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
| | | | - Xiao-Lin Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
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