1
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Dajnak A, Shi L, Altınbaş Özpınar G, Lenk R, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Müller T, Maerten E. Imine-stabilized silylium ions: synthesis, structure and application in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3052-3058. [PMID: 36779626 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel norbornene-based imine-stabilized silylium ions 2 have been synthesized via the simple reaction of sulfide-stabilized silylium ion 1 with carbonyl derivatives. Those silylium ions were fully characterized in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculations. Unlike the previously reported phosphine-stabilized silylium ion VI, behaving as a Lewis pair, calculations show that 2 have a strong Lewis acid character. Indeed, imine-stabilized silylium ions 2 are able to activate Si-H bonds and catalyzed the hydrosilylation of carbonyl derivatives under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dajnak
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Limiao Shi
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Gül Altınbaş Özpınar
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT UAR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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2
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Dajnak A, Özpınar GA, Lenk R, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Müller T, Maerten E. Norbornene based-sulfide-stabilized silylium ions: synthesis, structure and application in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1407-1414. [PMID: 34994754 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A norbornene-based sulfide stabilized silylium ion 4 has been synthesized. The S-Si interaction was studied in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculations. Unlike the previously reported phosphine-stabilized silylium ion VII, behaving as a Lewis pair, calculations predict that 4 should behave as a Lewis acid toward acrylate derivatives. Indeed, the base-stabilized silylium ion 4 has emerged as an easy-to-handle silylium ion-based Lewis acid catalyst, particularly for the Diels-Alder cycloaddition, with poorly reactive dienes, and hydrodefluorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dajnak
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Gül Altınbaş Özpınar
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT UAR2599 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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3
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Barthélemy A, Glootz K, Scherer H, Hanske A, Krossing I. Ga +-catalyzed hydrosilylation? About the surprising system Ga +/HSiR 3/olefin, proof of oxidation with subvalent Ga + and silylium catalysis with perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:439-453. [PMID: 35126976 PMCID: PMC8729802 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Already 1 mol% of subvalent [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]- ([pf]- = [Al(ORF)4]-, RF = C(CF3)3) initiates the hydrosilylation of olefinic double bonds under mild conditions. Reactions with HSiMe3 and HSiEt3 as substrates efficiently yield anti-Markovnikov and anti-addition products, while bulkier substrates such as HSiiPr3 are less reactive. Investigating the underlying mechanism by gas chromatography and STEM analysis, we unexpectedly found that H2 and metallic Ga0 formed. Without the addition of olefins, the formation of R3Si-F-Al(ORF)3 (R = alkyl), a typical degradation product of the [pf]- anion in the presence of a small silylium ion, was observed. Electrochemical analysis revealed a surprisingly high oxidation potential of univalent [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]- in weakly coordinating, but polar ortho-difluorobenzene of E 1/2(Ga+/Ga0; oDFB) = +0.26-0.37 V vs. Fc+/Fc (depending on the scan rate). Apparently, subvalent Ga+, mainly known as a reductant, initially oxidizes the silane and generates a highly electrophilic, silane-supported, silylium ion representing the actual catalyst. Consequently, the [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]-/HSiEt3 system also hydrodefluorinates C(sp3)-F bonds in 1-fluoroadamantane, 1-fluorobutane and PhCF3 at room temperature. In addition, both catalytic reactions may be initiated using only 0.2 mol% of [Ph3C]+[pf]- as a silylium ion-generating initiator. These results indicate that silylium ion catalysis is possible with the straightforward accessible weakly coordinating [pf]- anion. Apparently, the kinetics of hydrosilylation and hydrodefluorination are faster than that of anion degradation under ambient conditions. These findings open up new windows for main group catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Kim Glootz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Annaleah Hanske
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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4
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Henkelmann M, Omlor A, Bolte M, Schünemann V, Lerner HW, Noga J, Hrobárik P, Wagner M. A free boratriptycene-type Lewis superacid. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1608-1617. [PMID: 35282635 PMCID: PMC8826627 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An exceptionally strong ferrocene-containing, cationic boratriptycene-type Lewis acid is stabilized by a weak Fe⋯B through-space interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Henkelmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Omlor
- Physics Department, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Physics Department, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jozef Noga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Schwengers SA, De CK, Grossmann O, Grimm JAA, Sadlowski NR, Gerosa GG, List B. Unified Approach to Imidodiphosphate-Type Brønsted Acids with Tunable Confinement and Acidity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14835-14844. [PMID: 34478297 PMCID: PMC8447263 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
have designed
and realized an efficient and operationally simple
single-flask synthesis of imidodiphosphate-based Brønsted acids.
The methodology proceeds via consecutive chloride
substitutions of hexachlorobisphosphazonium salts, providing rapid
access to imidodiphosphates (IDP), iminoimidodiphosphates (iIDP), and imidodiphosphorimidates (IDPi). These privileged
acid catalysts feature a broad acidity range (pKa from ∼11 to <2 in MeCN) and a readily tunable confined
active site. Our approach enables access to previously elusive catalyst
scaffolds with particularly high structural confinement, one of which
catalyzes the first highly enantioselective
(>95:5 er) sulfoxidation of methyl n-propyl sulfide.
Furthermore, the methodology delivers a novel, rationally designed
super acidic catalyst motif, imidodiphosphorbis(iminosulfonylimino)imidate
(IDPii), the extreme reactivity of which exceeds commonly employed
super-Brønsted acids, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
The unique reactivity of one such IDPii catalyst has been demonstrated
in the first α-methylation of a silyl ketene acetal with methanol
as the electrophilic alkylating reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Schwengers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Chandra Kanta De
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Oleg Grossmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joyce A A Grimm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Natascha R Sadlowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gabriela G Gerosa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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6
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Almássy A, Hejtmánková A, Vargová D, Šebesta R. Isomerization of Ferrocenyl Phosphinites to Phosphane-oxides and retro-Phospha-Brook Rearrangement. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Merk A, Bührmann L, Kordts N, Görtemaker K, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Intramolecular Halo Stabilization of Silyl Cations-Silylated Halonium- and Bis-Halo-Substituted Siliconium Borates. Chemistry 2021; 27:3496-3503. [PMID: 33184927 PMCID: PMC7898513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The stabilizing neighboring effect of halo substituents on silyl cations was tested for a series of peri‐halo substituted acenaphthyl‐based silyl cations 3. The chloro‐ (3 b), bromo‐ (3 c), and iodo‐ (3 d) stabilized cations were synthesized by the Corey protocol. Structural and NMR spectroscopic investigations for cations 3 b–d supported by the results of density functional calculations, which indicate their halonium ion nature. According to the fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) method, the silyl Lewis acidity decreases along the series of halonium ions 3, the fluoronium ion 3 a being a very strong and the iodonium ion 3 d a moderate Lewis acid. Halonium ions 3 b and 3 c react with starting silanes in a substituent redistribution reaction and form siliconium ions 4 b and 4 c. The structure of siliconium borate 4 c2[B12Br12] reveals the trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment of the silicon atom with the two bromo substituents in the apical positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Merk
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Lukas Bührmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Natalie Kordts
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Katharina Görtemaker
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
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9
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Hermannsdorfer A, Driess M. Isolable Silicon-Based Polycations with Lewis Superacidity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23132-23136. [PMID: 32935903 PMCID: PMC7756528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular silicon polycations of the types R2 Si2+ and RSi3+ (R=H, organic groups) are elusive Lewis superacids and currently unknown in the condensed phase. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of isolable terpyridine-stabilized R2 Si2+ and RSi3+ complexes, [R2 Si(terpy)]2+ (R=Ph 12+ ; R2 =C12 H8 22+ , (CH2 )3 32+ ) and [RSi(terpy)]3+ (R=Ph 43+ , cyclohexyl 53+ , m-xylyl 63+ ), in form of their triflate salts. The stabilization of the latter is achieved through higher coordination and to the expense of reduced fluoride-ion affinities, but a significant level of Lewis superacidity is nonetheless retained as verified by theory and experiment. The complexes activate C(sp3 )-F bonds, as showcased by stoichiometric fluoride abstraction from 1-fluoroadamantane (AdF) and the catalytic hydrodefluorination of AdF. The formation of the crystalline adducts [2(F)]+ and [5(H)]2+ documents in particular the high reactivity towards fluoride and hydride donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hermannsdorfer
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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10
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Hermannsdorfer A, Driess M. Isolierbare Silicium‐basierte Polykationen mit Lewis‐Superacidität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Hermannsdorfer
- Institut für Chemie, Metallorganische Chemie und anorganische Materialien Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Driess
- Institut für Chemie, Metallorganische Chemie und anorganische Materialien Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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11
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Dajnak A, Maerten E, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T. Synthesis of Norbornene-Based Phosphine-Stabilized Silylium Ions Behaving as Masked Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dajnak
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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12
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Wu Q, Roy A, Wang G, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Synthese eines gegenanionstabilisierten Bis(silylium)ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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13
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Bismuto A, Nichol GS, Duarte F, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Characterization of the Zwitterionic Intermediate in 1,1-Carboboration of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12731-12735. [PMID: 32343867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a Lewis acidic borane with an alkyne is a key step in a diverse range of main group transformations. Alkyne 1,1-carboboration, the Wrackmeyer reaction, is an archetypal transformation of this kind. 1,1-Carboboration has been proposed to proceed through a zwitterionic intermediate. We report the isolation and spectroscopic, structural and computational characterization of the zwitterionic intermediates generated by reaction of B(C6 F5 )3 with alkynes. The stepwise reactivity of the zwitterion provides new mechanistic insight for 1,1-carboboration and wider B(C6 F5 )3 catalysis. Making use of intramolecular stabilization by a ferrocene substituent, we have characterized the zwitterionic intermediate in the solid state and diverted reactivity towards alkyne cyclotrimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bismuto
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Michael J Cowley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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14
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Bismuto A, Nichol GS, Duarte F, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Characterization of the Zwitterionic Intermediate in 1,1‐Carboboration of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bismuto
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael J. Cowley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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15
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Riley KM, Wierschen AL, Lee SJ, Gagné MR. Spectroscopic and Computational Assessment of Silicon’s Electrophilicity in Phosphinosilylium Cations. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Riley
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andreas L. Wierschen
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lee
- U.S. Army Research Office, P.O. Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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16
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Wu Q, Roy A, Wang G, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Synthesis of a Counteranion-Stabilized Bis(silylium) Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10523-10526. [PMID: 32216163 PMCID: PMC7317492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a molecule with two alkyl‐tethered silylium‐ion sites from the corresponding bis(hydrosilanes) by two‐fold hydride abstraction is reported. The length of the conformationally flexible alkyl bridge is crucial as otherwise the hydride abstraction stops at the stage of a cyclic bissilylated hydronium ion. With an ethylene tether, the open form of the hydronium‐ion intermediate is energetically accessible and engages in another hydride abstraction. The resulting bis(silylium) ion has been NMR spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Related systems based on rigid naphthalen‐n,m‐diyl platforms can only be converted into the dications when the positively charged silylium‐ion units are remote from each other (1,8 versus 1,5 and 2,6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A, Walker S. On Silylated Oxonium and Sulfonium Ions and Their Interaction with Weakly Coordinating Borate Anions. Chemistry 2020; 26:1640-1652. [PMID: 31738450 PMCID: PMC7028070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Attempts have been made to prepare salts with the labile tris(trimethylsilyl)chalconium ions, [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ (E=O, S), by reacting [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] and Me3 Si[CB] (CB- =carborate=[CHB11 H5 Cl6 ]- , [CHB11 Cl11 ]- ) with Me3 Si-E-SiMe3 . In the reaction of Me3 Si-O-SiMe3 with [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ], a ligand exchange was observed in the [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ]+ cation leading to the surprising formation of the persilylated [(Me3 Si)2 (Me2 (H)Si)O]+ oxonium ion in a formal [Me2 (H)Si]+ instead of the desired [Me3 Si]+ transfer reaction. In contrast, the expected homoleptic persilylated [(Me3 Si)3 S]+ ion was formed and isolated as [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- and [CB]- salt, when Me3 Si-S-SiMe3 was treated with either [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] or Me3 Si[CB]. However, the addition of Me3 Si[CB] to Me3 Si-O-SiMe3 unexpectedly led to the release of Me4 Si with simultaneous formation of a cyclic dioxonium dication of the type [Me3 Si-μO-SiMe2 ]2 [CB]2 in an anion-mediated reaction. DFT studies on structure, bonding and thermodynamics of the [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ and [(Me3 Si)2 (Me2 (H)Si)E]+ ion formation are presented as well as mechanistic investigations on the template-driven transformation of the [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ ion into a cyclic dichalconium dication [Me3 Si-μE-SiMe2 ]2 2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Rene Labbow
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Svenja Walker
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
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18
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Guo C, Li M, Chen J, Luo Y. Highly selective redistribution of primary arylsilanes to secondary arylsilanes catalyzed by Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3@SBA-15. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:117-120. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organometallic–inorganic hybrid materials Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3@SBA-15 (Ln = La, Y) were prepared, which demonstrated extremely high selectivity (>99%) in catalyzing the redistribution of primary arylsilanes to secondary arylsilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Guo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Jue Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
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19
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Liu Z, Shi X, Cheng J. Selective homo- and cross-desilacoupling of aryl and benzyl primary silanes catalyzed by a barium complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8340-8346. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The selective catalytic desilacoupling of primary arylsilanes with primary benzylsilane or arylsilanes was achieved by barium complex [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xianghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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20
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Fernandes A, Laye C, Pramanik S, Palmeira D, Pekel ÖÖ, Massip S, Schmidtmann M, Müller T, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silyl-Pyridinium and Quinolinium Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:564-572. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Laye
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Suman Pramanik
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Dayvson Palmeira
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Özgen Ömür Pekel
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Stéphane Massip
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IECB, UMS3033/INSERM US001, F-33607, Pessac, France
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26211 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26211 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
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21
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22
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23
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Uhl W, Tolzmann M, Willeke K, Honacker C, Hepp A, Layh M, Würthwein E. Silicon–Halogen Bond Activation in Mixed Si/Al Compounds and an Approach to Intramolecular Stabilized Silylium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Tolzmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kira Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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24
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Kramer N, Wadepohl H, Greb L. Tris(dimethylamino)silylium ion: structure and reactivity of a dimeric silaguanidinium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7764-7767. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The formal dimer of an elusive silaguanidinium ion is described. It undergoes spontaneous electrophilic aromatic silylation of electron rich π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kramer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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25
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Weis P, Scherer H, Krossing I. Using Me3Si-F-Al(ORF)3and Me3Si-Cl as Methylating Agents - Synthesis and Characterization of SeMeCl2[F{Al(ORF)3}2]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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26
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Greb L. Lewis Superacids: Classifications, Candidates, and Applications. Chemistry 2018; 24:17881-17896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 Germany
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27
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Omann L, Pudasaini B, Irran E, Klare HFT, Baik MH, Oestreich M. Thermodynamic versus kinetic control in substituent redistribution reactions of silylium ions steered by the counteranion. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5600-5607. [PMID: 30061992 PMCID: PMC6048699 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An in-depth experimental and theoretical study of the substituent exchange reaction of silylium ions is presented. Apart from the substitution pattern at the silicon atom, the selectivity of this process is predominantly influenced by the counteranion, which is introduced with the trityl salt in the silylium ion generation. In contrast to Müller's protocol for the synthesis of triarylsilylium ions under kinetic control, the use of Reed's carborane anions leads to contact ion pairs, allowing selective formation of trialkylsilylium ions under thermodynamic control. DFT calculations finally revealed an unexpected mechanism for the rate-determining alkyl exchange step, which is initiated by an unusual 1,2-silyl migration in the intermediate ipso-disilylated arenium ion. The resulting ortho-disilylated arenium ion can then undergo an alkyl transfer via a low-barrier five-centered transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
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28
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. A Neutral RuII
Hydride Complex for the Regio- and Chemoselective Reduction of N
-Silylpyridinium Ions. Chemistry 2018; 24:5613-5622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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29
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Musgrave RA, Hailes RLN, Schäfer A, Russell AD, Gates PJ, Manners I. New reactivity at the silicon bridge in sila[1]ferrocenophanes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2759-2768. [PMID: 29417116 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04593j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe two new types of reactivity involving silicon-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes. In an attempt to form a [1]ferrocenophane with a bridging silyl cation, the reaction of sila[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(η-C5H4)2Si(H)TMP] (12) (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) towards the hydride-abstraction reagent trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([CPh3][B(C6F5)4]) was explored. This yielded the unusual dinuclear species [Fe(η-C5H4)2Si(TMP·H)(η-C5H3)Fe(η-C5H4)Si(H)TMP][B(C6F5)4] [13][B(C6F5)4] in low yield. The formation of [13]+ is proposed to involve abstraction of hydride from the silicon bridge in 12 with subsequent C-H bond cleavage of a cyclopentadienyl group by the resulting electrophilic transient silyl cation intermediate. We also explored the reaction of dimethylsila[1]ferrocenophane [Fe(η-C5H4)2SiMe2] (1) with the Au(i) species AuCl(PMe3). This was found to result in addition of the Au-Cl bond across the Cpipso-Si bond to yield the ring-opened species [1'-(chlorodimethylsilyl)-ferrocenyl](trimethylphosphine)gold(i), [Fe(C5H4SiMe2Cl){C5H4Au(PMe3)}] (14). This represents the first example of ring-opening addition of a metallocenophane with a reagent possessing a transition metal-halogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Musgrave
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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30
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Furuya Y, Hiyama T. Palladium/Copper Dual Catalysis for the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl(trialkyl)silanes with Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yuki Furuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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31
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Furuya Y, Hiyama T. Palladium/Copper Dual Catalysis for the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl(trialkyl)silanes with Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1987-1990. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yuki Furuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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32
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Kunz D, Mazzotta F. Ylidic Cp-Ligands: Properties and New Developments. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Forster F, Metsänen TT, Irran E, Hrobárik P, Oestreich M. Cooperative Al–H Bond Activation in DIBAL-H: Catalytic Generation of an Alumenium-Ion-Like Lewis Acid for Hydrodefluorinative Friedel–Crafts Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16334-16342. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Forster
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni T. Metsänen
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Ma Y, Zhang L, Luo Y, Nishiura M, Hou Z. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed C-Si/Si-H Cross-Metathesis of Hydrosilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12434-12437. [PMID: 28836780 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The substituent redistribution of hydrosilanes on silicon through C-Si and Si-H bond cleavage and reformation is of great interest and importance, but this transformation is usually difficult to achieve in a selective fashion. By using electron-rich aromatic hydrosilanes, we have achieved for the first time the selective C-Si/Si-H bond homo- and cross-metathesis of a series of hydrosilanes in the presence of a boron catalyst B(C6F5)3. This protocol features simple reaction conditions, high chemoselectivity, wide substrate scope, and high functionality tolerance, offering a new pathway for the synthesis of multisubstituted functional silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Liang Zhang
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yong Luo
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Kordts N, Künzler S, Rathjen S, Sieling T, Großekappenberg H, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Silyl Chalconium Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Application in Hydrodefluorination Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:10068-10079. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kordts
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sandra Künzler
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Saskia Rathjen
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thorben Sieling
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Henning Großekappenberg
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26211 Oldenburg Germany
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36
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Liu Z, Ganguly R, Vidović D. Pursuing the active species in an aluminium-based Lewis acid system for catalytic Diels-Alder cycloadditions. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:753-759. [PMID: 27991617 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several Al-based complexes supported by a bis(imino)aryl NCN pincer ligand have been prepared. Systematic structural and experimental evidence identified a cationic species, supported by a THF molecule, as the best Lewis acid precatalyst for a range of Diels-Alder cycloadditions. This highlighted the importance of fully isolating and characterizing the active species in any catalytic process especially when Lewis acids are used due to the presence of hidden Brønsted acids (HBAs). Finally, the control experiments conducted in order to eliminate HBA activity that involve a bulky pyridine base should be performed with caution as the corresponding protonated pyridinium salt could also serve as a proton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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37
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Malastová A, Vallo J, Almássy A, Pitoňák M, Neogrády P, Šebesta R. Fe–Li Interactions in Ferrocenyllithium Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malastová
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ján Vallo
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ambroz Almássy
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Michal Pitoňák
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
- Computing Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta č. 9 84535 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Pavel Neogrády
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
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38
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39
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Höfler D, van Gemmeren M, Wedemann P, Kaupmees K, Leito I, Leutzsch M, Lingnau JB, List B. 1,1,3,3‐Tetratriflylpropene (TTP): A Strong, Allylic C–H Acid for Brønsted and Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1411-1415. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Höfler
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Petra Wedemann
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Karl Kaupmees
- University of Tartu Institute of Chemistry Ravila 14a Tartu 50411 Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- University of Tartu Institute of Chemistry Ravila 14a Tartu 50411 Estonia
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Julia B. Lingnau
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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40
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Höfler D, van Gemmeren M, Wedemann P, Kaupmees K, Leito I, Leutzsch M, Lingnau JB, List B. 1,1,3,3‐Tetratriflylpropen (TTP): eine starke, allylische C‐H‐Säure für die Brønsted‐ und Lewis‐Säure‐Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Höfler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Petra Wedemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Karl Kaupmees
- University of Tartu Institute of Chemistry Ravila 14a Tartu 50411 Estland
| | - Ivo Leito
- University of Tartu Institute of Chemistry Ravila 14a Tartu 50411 Estland
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Julia B. Lingnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
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41
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Omann L, Oestreich M. Catalytic Access to Indole-Fused Benzosiloles by 2-Fold Electrophilic C–H Silylation with Dihydrosilanes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Silicon Electrophiles: Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:52-59. [PMID: 27762042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry. It converts C-H bonds of sufficiently nucleophilic arenes into C-X and C-C bonds using either stoichiometrically added or catalytically generated electrophiles. These reactions proceed through Wheland complexes, cationic intermediates that rearomatize by proton release. Hence, these high-energy intermediates are nothing but protonated arenes and as such strong Brønsted acids. The formation of protons is an issue in those rare cases where the electrophilic aromatic substitution is reversible. This situation arises in the electrophilic silylation of C-H bonds as the energy of the intermediate Wheland complex is lowered by the β-silicon effect. As a consequence, protonation of the silylated arene is facile, and the reverse reaction usually occurs to afford the desilylated arene. Several new approaches to overcome this inherent challenge of C-H silylation by SE Ar were recently disclosed, and this Minireview summarizes this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Egorochkin A, Kuznetsova O, Khamaletdinova N, Domratcheva-Lvova L. Polarizability effect in silylium, germylium, and stannylium ions and their complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Shaykhutdinova P, Oestreich M. Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reactions of Cyclohexa-1,3-diene and Chalcones Catalyzed by Intramolecular Silicon–Sulfur Lewis Pairs as Chiral Lewis Acids. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Shaykhutdinova
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Schmidt RK, Klare HFT, Fröhlich R, Oestreich M. Planar Chiral, Ferrocene-Stabilized Silicon Cations. Chemistry 2016; 22:5376-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K. Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany), Fax
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany), Fax
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany), Fax
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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47
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Mallov I, Stephan DW. Ferrocenyl-derived electrophilic phosphonium cations (EPCs) as Lewis acid catalysts. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5568-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl-derived electrophilic phosphonium cations are catalysts for a series of reactions including the deoxygenation of a series of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Mallov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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48
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Großekappenberg H, Reißmann M, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Quantitative Assessment of the Lewis Acidity of Silylium Ions. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Großekappenberg
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Matti Reißmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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49
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Simonneau A, Biberger T, Oestreich M. The Cyclohexadienyl-Leaving-Group Approach toward Donor-Stabilized Silylium Ions. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Simonneau
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Biberger
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Ducos P, Liautard V, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silylium Ions. Chemistry 2015; 21:11573-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ducos
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - V. Liautard
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - F. Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - Y. Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
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