1
|
Akhtar R, Gaurav K, Khan S. Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6150-6243. [PMID: 38757535 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen W, Hu H, Feng J, Zhu L, Wu D. Synthetic, structural and reactivity studies of a boryl-ethynyl Silylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5828-5831. [PMID: 38747249 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00922c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The salt metathesis of a boryl-ethynyl lithium salt {[(HCDipN)2]B-CC-Li} with a monochlorosilylene [LSi(:)Cl; L = PhC(NtBu)2] produced an isolable boryl-ethynyl silylene {1; [(HCDipN)2]B-CC-Si(L)}. The Si(II) center in 1 possesses a nonbonding lone pair and forms a covalent bond with the ethynyl group. The characterization of 1 was carried out by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and DFT calculations. Additionally, a reactivity study of 1 was conducted towards oxygen-containing and aryl C-F substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Haisheng Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits And Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.
| | - Di Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Crumpton AE, Ellwanger MA, McManus C, Aldridge S. Boryl Ancillary Ligands: Influencing Stability and Reactivity of Amidinato-Silanone and Germanone Systems in Ammonia Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402795. [PMID: 38465783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
While the nucleophilic addition of ammonia to ketones is an archetypal reaction in classical organic chemistry, the reactivity of heavier group 14 carbonyl analogues (R2E=O; E=Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb) with NH3 remains sparsely investigated, primarily due to the synthetic difficulties in accessing heavier ketone congeners. Herein, we present a room-temperature stable boryl-substituted amidinato-silanone {(HCDippN)2B}{PhC(tBuN)2}Si=O (Dipp=2,6-iPr2C6H3) (together with its germanone analogue), formed from the corresponding silylene under a N2O atmosphere. This system reacts cleanly with ammonia in 1,2-fashion to give an isolable sila-hemiaminal complex {(HCDippN)2B}{PhC(tBuN)2}Si(OH)(NH2). Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the formation of this sila-hemiaminal is crucially dependent on the nature of the ancillary ligand scaffold. It is facilitated thermodynamically by the hemi-lability of the amidinate ligand (which allows for the formation of an energetically critical intramolecular N⋅⋅⋅HO hydrogen bond within the product) and is enabled mech-anistically by a process in which the silanone initially acts in umpolung fashion as a base (rather than an acid), due to the strongly electron-releasing and sterically bulky nature of the ancillary boryl ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Agamemnon E Crumpton
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Mathias A Ellwanger
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cabeza JA, García F, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R, Pérez-Carreño E. Synthesis and Some Coordination Chemistry of Phosphane-Difunctionalized Bis(amidinato)-Heavier Tetrylenes: A Previously Unknown Class of PEP Tetrylenes (E = Ge and Sn). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15502-15509. [PMID: 37696246 PMCID: PMC10523440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The bis(amidinato)-heavier tetrylenes E(bzamP)2 (E = Ge (2a) and Sn (2b); bzamP = N-isopropyl-N'-(diphenylphosphanylethyl)benzamidinate), which are equipped with one heavier tetrylene (germylene or stannylene) and two phosphane fragments (one on each amidinate moiety) as coordinable groups, have been synthesized from the benzamidinum salt [H2bzamP]Cl and GeCl2(dioxane) or SnCl2 in 2:1 mol ratio. A preliminary inspection of their coordination chemistry has shown that their amidinate group can also be involved in the bonding with the metal atoms as tridentate ENP and tetradentate PENP' coordination modes have been observed for the ECl(bzamP)2 ligand of [Ir{κ3E,N,P-ECl(bzamP)2}(cod)] (E = Ge (3a) and Sn (3b); cod = η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene) and the E(bzamP)2 ligand of [Ni{κ4E,N,P,P'-E(bzamP)2}] (E = Ge (4a) and Sn (4b)), which are products of reactions of 2a and 2b with [IrCl(cod)]2 (1:0.5 mol ratio) and [Ni(cod)2] (1:1 mol ratio), respectively. These products contain a 5-membered NCNEM ring that results from the insertion of the metal M atom into an E-N bond of 2a and 2b. Additionally, while iridium(I) complexes 3a and 3b are chloridotetryl derivatives (insertion of the tetrylene E atom into the Ir-Cl bond has also occurred) that have an uncoordinated phosphane group, nickel(0) complexes 4a and 4b contain a tetrylene fragment that, maintaining the lone pair, behaves as a σ-acceptor (Z-type) ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Synthesis and reactivity of the complexes [(dpp-bian)SiCl2] and [(dpp-bian)Si{FeCp(CO)}2(μ-CO)] (dpp-bian is 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene). Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Garg P, Dange D, Jiang Y, Jones C. Facile activation of inert small molecules using a 1,2-disilylene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7838-7844. [PMID: 35536565 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the known amidinate stabilised 1,2-disilylene, [{ArC(NDip)2}Si]21 (Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Ar = 4-C6H4But) with a series of inert, unsaturated small molecule substrates have been carried out. Compound 1 reduces ButNC: to give the singlet biradicaloid 1,3-disilacyclobutanediyl [{ArC(NDip)2}Si(μ-CNBut)]23, which can be oxidised by 1,2-dibromoethane to give [{ArC(NDip)2}(Br)Si(μ-CNBut)]24. Disilylene 1 reduces two molecules of ethylene to give an unprecedented disilabicyclo[2.2.0]hexane, [{ArC(NDip)2}Si(μ-C2H4)]25. In contrast, only one molecule of ethylene inserts in the Ge-Ge bond of the digermylene analogue of 1, viz. [{ArC(NDip)2}Ge]26, leading to the formation of the bis(germylene), [{ArC(NDip)2}Ge]2(μ-C2H4) 7. Compound 1 reduces CO2, generating CO, and the oxo/carbonate-bridged disilicon(IV) system, {ArC(NDip)2}Si(μ-CO3)2(μ-O)Si{(NDip)2CAr} 10, while its reaction with N2O proceeds via generation of N2, and a hydrogen abstraction process, to give the oxo/hydroxy disilicon(IV) species, [{ArC(NDip)2}(HO)Si(μ-O)]211. This study highlights new small molecule activation chemistry for 1,2-disilylenes, which could lead to further adoption of compound 1 as a potent reducing reagent for the transformation of inert unsaturated molecules into value added products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Garg
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Yixiao Jiang
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Luecke M, Giarrana L, Kostenko A, Gensch T, Yao S, Driess M. A Striking Mode of Activation of Carbon Disulfide with a Cooperative Bis(silylene). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel‐Philip Luecke
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silicon Complexes Based on SS- and SS-Coordinating Tridentate Ligands. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Dutta S, Singh K, Koley D. Computational Exploration of Mechanistic Avenues in Metal-Free CO 2 Reduction to CO by Disilyne Bisphosphine Adduct and Phosphonium Silaylide. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3492-3508. [PMID: 34499404 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a growing interest in metal-free CO2 activation by silylenes, silylones, and silanones. However, compared to mononuclear silicon species, CO2 reduction mediated by dinuclear silicon compounds, especially disilynes, has been less explored. We have carried out extensive computational investigations to explore the mechanistic avenues in CO2 reduction to CO by donor-stabilized disilyne bisphosphine adduct (R1M ) and phosphonium silaylide (R2) using density functional theory calculations. Theoretical calculations suggest that R1M exhibits donor-stabilized bis(silylene) bonding features with unusual Si-Si multiple bonding. Various modes of CO2 coordination to R1M have been investigated and the coordination of CO2 by the carbon center to R1M is found to be kinetically more facile than that by oxygen involving only one or both the silicon centers. Both the theoretically predicted reaction mechanisms of R1M and R2-mediated CO2 reduction reveal the crucial role of silicon-centered lone pairs in CO2 activations and generation of key intermediates possessing enormous strain in the Si-C-O ring, which plays the pivotal role in CO extrusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Kalyan Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luecke MP, Giarrana L, Kostenko A, Gensch T, Yao S, Driess M. A Striking Mode of Activation of Carbon Disulfide with a Cooperative Bis(silylene). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110398. [PMID: 34670015 PMCID: PMC9298776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the 1,4-substituted bis(silylenyl)terphenylene 1, 1,4-[ortho-(LSi)C6 H4 ]2 C6 H4 , (L=RC(NtBu)2 , R=Ph, Mes) towards CS2 is reported. It results in a dearomatization of the phenylene ring, affording the 1,3-substituted cyclohexadiene derivative 2. According to DFT calculations, a transient silene containing a Si=C bond capable of π(C=C) addition at the aromatic phenylene ring is a key intermediate. In contrast, addition of CS2 to the biphenyl-substituted mono-silylene ortho-(LSi)C6 H4 -C6 H5 3 leaves the aromatic π-system intact and forms, in a [1+2] cycloaddition reaction, the corresponding thiasilirane 4 with a three-membered SiSC ring. Further experimental studies led to the isolation of the novel mesoionic five-membered Si2 S2 C heterocycle 6, which reacts with CS2 under C-C bond formation. All isolated new compounds were fully characterized and their molecular structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel-Philip Luecke
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaufmann S, Köppe R, Roesky PW. A square planar silylene nickel four-membered ring. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14105-14109. [PMID: 34607336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein the new nickel silylene [PhC(NtBu)2SiNi(C5Me5)]2, which features a square planar central ring motif consisting of two silicon and two nickel atoms is presented. The title compound was obtained by an insertion of the Ni(0) precursor [Ni(cod)2] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in the Si-C bond of the silylene [PhC(NtBu)2Si(C5Me5)]. Analytic characterisation including mass spectrometry as well as IR and Raman spectroscopies was combined with quantum chemical calculations to get an insight on the bonding situation within the four-membered Si-Ni-ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tiessen N, Schwarze N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanol Derivatives and the Lewis Amphoteric Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanolate Anion, [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 O] . Chemistry 2021; 27:11041-11044. [PMID: 34061416 PMCID: PMC8453507 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While alkyl‐substituted siloxanes are widely known, virtually nothing is known about perfluoroalkyl siloxanes and their congener species, the silanols and silanolates. We recently reported on the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide ion, [Si(C2F5)3]−, which features Lewis amphoteric character deriving from the pentafluoroethyl substituents and their strong electron‐withdrawing properties. Transferring this knowledge, we investigated the Lewis amphoteric behavior of the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanolate, [Si(C2F5)3O]−. In order to examine such Lewis amphoteric behavior, we first developed a strategy for the synthesis of the corresponding silanol Si(C2F5)3OH, which readily condenses at room temperature to the hexakis(pentafluoroethyl)disiloxane, (C2F5)3SiOSi(C2F5)3. Deprotonation of Si(C2F5)3OH employing a sterically demanding phosphazene base allows the characterization of the first example of a dimeric triorganosilanolate: the dianionic hexakis(pentafluoroethyl)disilanolate, [{Si(C2F5)3O}2]2−, implies Lewis amphoteric character of the monomeric [Si(C2F5)3O]− anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Nachweis des Lewis‐amphoteren Charakters von Tris(pentafluorethyl)silanid, [Si(C
2
F
5
)
3
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Evidence of the Lewis-Amphoteric Character of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12124-12131. [PMID: 33617080 PMCID: PMC8252080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to a first view on the geometrical and electronic structure of the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, this anion appears as a Lewis base. Quantum chemical calculations on perfluoroalkylated silanides show significantly lower HOMO and LUMO energy levels in comparison to their non-fluorinated counterparts, which implies reduced Lewis basicity and increased Lewis acidity of the [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- ion. With these findings and a HOMO-LUMO gap of 4.80 eV similar to N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), perfluoroalkyl silanides are predestined to exhibit Lewis-amphoteric character similar to silylenes. Deprotonation of Si(C2 F5 )3 H with sterically demanding phosphazene bases afforded thermally stable phosphazenium salts of the [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- anion, which add to benzaldehyde, benzophenone, CS2 , and CO2 in various manners. This behavior also mirrors the reactivity of silylenes towards ketones as well as heterocumulenes and is rationalized by Lewis amphotericity being inherent in these silanides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koptseva TS, Sokolov VG, Ketkov SY, Rychagova EA, Cherkasov AV, Skatova AA, Fedushkin IL. Reversible Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Main Group Metal Complexes at Temperatures about 0 °C. Chemistry 2021; 27:5745-5753. [PMID: 33645870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of dialane [LAl-AlL] (1; L=dianion of 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene, dpp-bian) with carbon dioxide results in two different products depending on solvent. In toluene at temperatures of about 0 °C, the reaction gives cycloadduct [L(CO2 )Al-Al(O2 C)L] (2), whereas in diethyl ether, the reaction affords oxo-bridged carbamato derivative [L(CO2 )(Et2 O)Al(μ-O)AlL] (3). The DFT and QTAIM calculations provide reasonable explanations for the reversible formation of complex 2 in the course of two subsequent (2+4) cycloaddition reactions. Consecutive transition states with low activation barriers were revealed. Also, the DFT study demonstrated a crucial effect of diethyl ether coordination to aluminium on the reaction of dialane 1 with CO2 . The optimized structures of key intermediates were obtained for the reactions in the presence of Et2 O; calculated thermodynamic parameters unambiguously testify the irreversible formation of the product 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Koptseva
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Sokolov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Rychagova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra A Skatova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Tropinina str. 49, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Krahfuss MJ, Radius U. N-Heterocyclic silylenes as ambiphilic activators and ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6752-6765. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of the use of N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), higher homologues of Arduengo-carbenes, as ambiphilic activators and ligands are highlighted and a comparison of NHSi ligands with NHC and phosphine ligands is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Poitiers NE, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Chalcogen-Expanded Unsaturated Silicon Clusters: Thia-, Selena-, and Tellurasiliconoids. Chemistry 2020; 26:16599-16602. [PMID: 32700779 PMCID: PMC7756652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of silylenes with heavier chalcogens (E) typically result in Si=E double bonds or their π-addition products. In contrast, the oxidation of a silylene-functionalized unsaturated silicon cluster (siliconoid) with Group 16 elements selectively yields cluster expanded siliconoids Si7 E (E=S, Se, Te) fully preserving the unsaturated nature of the cluster scaffold as evident from the NMR signatures of the products. Mechanistic considerations by DFT calculations suggest the intermediacy of a Si6 siliconoid with exohedral Si=E functionality. The reaction thus may serve as model system for the oxidation of surface-bonded silylenes at Si(100) by chalcogens and their diffusion into the silicon bulk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E. Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Su B, Kostenko A, Yao S, Driess M. Isolable Dibenzo[ a,e]disilapentalene with a Dichotomic Reactivity toward CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16935-16941. [PMID: 32986952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The first dibenzo[a,e]disilapentalene with two Si═C moieties in the heteropentalene core has been prepared. Its solid-state structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Si═C bonds are involved in an expanded π-conjugated system. The Si═C bonds show a distinguished reactivity toward CO2, depending on the reaction conditions. While one product results from fixation of two CO2 molecules across one Si═C bond, two different products could be isolated from the reaction of three CO2 molecules with both Si═C bonds. The mechanism has been uncovered by DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fujimori S, Inoue S. Small Molecule Activation by Two-Coordinate Acyclic Silylenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:3131-3142. [PMID: 32999589 PMCID: PMC7507849 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the chemistry of stable silylenes (R2Si:) has evolved significantly. The first major development in this chemistry was the isolation of a silicocene which is stabilized by the Cp* (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) ligand in 1986 and subsequently the isolation of a first N-heterocyclic silylene (NHSi:) in 1994. Since the groundbreaking discoveries, a large number of isolable cyclic silylenes and higher coordinated silylenes, i.e. Si(II) compounds with coordination number greater than two, have been prepared and the properties investigated. However, the first isolable two-coordinate acyclic silylene was finally reported in 2012. The achievements in the synthesis of acyclic silylenes have allowed for the utilization of silylenes in small molecule activation including inert H2 activation, a process previously exclusive to transition metals. This minireview highlights the developments in silylene chemistry, specifically two-coordinate acyclic silylenes, including experimental and computational studies which investigate the extremely high reactivity of the acyclic silylenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fujimori
- Department of ChemistryWACKER‐Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of ChemistryWACKER‐Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee E, Pietrasiak E. Activation of C–F, Si–F, and S–F Bonds by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Isoelectronic Analogues. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactions involving C–F, Si–F, and S–F bond cleavage with N-heterocyclic carbenes and isoelectronic species are reviewed. Most examples involve activation of aromatic C–F bond via an SNAr pathway and nucleophilic substitution of fluorine in electron-deficient olefins. The mechanism of the C–F bond activation depends on the reaction partners and the reaction can proceed via addition–elimination, oxidative addition (concerted or stepwise) or metathesis. The adducts formed upon substitution find applications in organic synthesis, as ligands and as stable radical precursors, but in most cases, their full potential remains unexplored.1 Introduction1.1 The C–F Bond1.2 C–F Bond Activation: A Short Summary1.3 C–F Bond Activation: A Special Case of SNAr1.4 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)1.5 The Purpose of this Article2 C–F bond Activation in Acyl Fluorides3 Activation of Vinylic C–F Bonds4 Activation of Aromatic C–F Bonds5 X–F Bond Activation (X = S or Si)6 C–F Bond Activation by Main Group Compounds Isoelectronic with NHCs7 Conclusions and Outlook
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology
| | - Ewa Pietrasiak
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shan C, Yao S, Driess M. Where silylene–silicon centres matter in the activation of small molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6733-6754. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00815j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules such as H2, N2, CO, NH3, O2 are ubiquitous stable species and their activation and role in the formation of value-added products are of fundamental importance in nature and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Shan
- Department of Chemistry
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Karni M, Yao S, Kaushansky A, Apeloig Y, Driess M. Synthesis of an Isolable Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Silylone and Its Reactivity Toward Small Gaseous Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12916-12927. [PMID: 31337219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first bis(N-heterocyclic silylene)-stabilized zero-valent silicon compound, [SiII(Xant)SiII]Si0 (4, Xant = 9,9-dimethyl-xanthene-4,5-diyl), has been synthesized via the reduction of the corresponding chlorosilyliumylidene chloride precursor {[SiII(Xant)SiII]SiCl}+Cl- (2). The electronic structure of silylone 4, whose molecular structure is confirmed spectroscopically and crystallographically, is investigated by DFT calculations and Natural Bond Orbital analysis, showing two perpendicular lone-pairs of electrons on the central Si0 atom, i.e., an sp0.41-type lone-pair and a delocalized p lone-pair. With the electron-rich and oxophilic Si0 center, silylone 4 exhibits a striking reactivity toward small gaseous molecules. Remarkably, the oxidation of silylone 4 by N2O can be controlled to generate distinct products by regulating the amount of added N2O. Exposing 4 to an excess or two molar equivalents of N2O yields the unexpected oxidation product 5, bearing a central six-membered Si4O2 ring. When 4 is mixed with one molar equivalent of N2O, the unique compound 6 is obtained, resulting from a rare 1,4-addition of two central silicon atoms to a phenyl ring of an amidinate ligand coordinated to the SiII atom. In addition, cleavage of the strong N-H bond in ammonia is also readily accomplished by silylone 4, representing the first example of NH3 activation in silylone chemistry. In the presence of the Lewis acid BPh3, silylone 4 achieves heterolytic dihydrogen cleavage and ethylene addition to form the corresponding hydridosilyliumylidene hydroborate salt 8 and the zwitterionic compound 9, respectively, which represent a new type of frustrated Lewis pair based on an electron-rich Si0 donor and a borane acceptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Miriam Karni
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Matthias Driess
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sharma MK, Sinhababu S, Mahawar P, Mukherjee G, Pandey B, Rajaraman G, Nagendran S. Donor-acceptor-stabilised germanium analogues of acid chloride, ester, and acyl pyrrole compounds: synthesis and reactivity. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4402-4411. [PMID: 31057767 PMCID: PMC6472437 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Germaacid chloride, germaester, and N-germaacyl pyrrole compounds were not known previously. Therefore, donor-acceptor-stabilised germaacid chloride (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(Cl) → B(C6F5)3 (1), germaester (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(OSiPh3) → B(C6F5)3 (2), and N-germaacyl pyrrole (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(NC4H4) → B(C6F5)3 (3) compounds, with Cl-Ge[double bond, length as m-dash]O, Ph3SiO-Ge[double bond, length as m-dash]O, and C4H4N-Ge[double bond, length as m-dash]O moieties, respectively, are reported here. Germaacid chloride 1 reacts with PhCCLi, KOt-Bu, and RLi (R = Ph, Me) to afford donor-acceptor-stabilised germaynone (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(CCPh) → B(C6F5)3 (4), germaester (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(Ot-Bu) → B(C6F5)3 (5), and germanone (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(R) → B(C6F5)3 (R = Ph 6, Me 7) compounds, respectively. Interconversion between a germaester and a germaacid chloride is achieved; reaction of germaesters 2 and 5 with TMSCl gave germaacid chloride 1, and 1 reacted with Ph3SiOLi and KOt-Bu to produce germaesters 2 and 5. Reaction of N-germaacyl pyrrole 3 with thiophenol produced a donor-acceptor-stabilised germaacyl thioester (i-Bu)2ATIGe(O)(SPh) → B(C6F5)3 (10). Furthermore, the attempted syntheses of germaamides and germacarboxylic acids are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110 016 , India .
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110 016 , India .
| | - Pritam Mahawar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110 016 , India .
| | - Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110 016 , India .
| | - Bhawana Pandey
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110 016 , India .
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Paesch AN, Kreyenschmidt AK, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Side-Arm Functionalized Silylene Copper(I) Complexes in Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7000-7009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Kreyenschmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Protchenko AV, Vasko P, Do DCH, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Jones C, Aldridge S. Reduction of Carbon Oxides by an Acyclic Silylene: Reductive Coupling of CO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Protchenko
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Dinh Cao Huan Do
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of ChemistryMonash University PO Box 23 Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Protchenko AV, Vasko P, Do DCH, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Jones C, Aldridge S. Reduction of Carbon Oxides by an Acyclic Silylene: Reductive Coupling of CO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1808-1812. [PMID: 30537262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of a boryl-substituted acyclic silylene with carbon dioxide and monoxide are reported. The former proceeds through oxygen atom abstraction, generating CO (with rearrangement of the putative silanone product through silyl-group transfer). The latter is characterized by reductive coupling of CO to give an ethynediolate fragment, which undergoes formal insertion into the Si-B bond. The net conversion of carbon dioxide with two equivalents of silylene offers a route for the three-electron reduction of CO2 to [C2 O2 ]2- .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Protchenko
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Dinh Cao Huan Do
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang W, Dodonov VA, Chen W, Zhao Y, Skatova AA, Fedushkin IL, Roesky PW, Wu B, Yang XJ. Cycloaddition versus Cleavage of the C=S Bond of Isothiocyanates Promoted by Digallane Compounds with Noninnocent α-Diimine Ligands. Chemistry 2018; 24:14994-15002. [PMID: 30016556 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the chemistry of single-bond activation by compounds of the main group elements has undergone some development in recent years, the cleavage of multiple bonds remains underexplored. Herein, the reactions of two digallanes bearing α-diimine ligands, namely, [L1 Ga-GaL1 ] (1, L1 =dpp-dad=[(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )NC(CH3 )]2 ) and [L2 Ga-GaL2 ] (2, L2 =dpp-bian=1,2-[(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )NC]2 C10 H6 ), with isothiocyanates are reported. Reactions of 1 or 2 with isothiocyanates in 1:2 molar ratio proceeded with [2+4] cycloaddition of the C=S bond across the C2 N2 Ga metallacycle with formation of C-C and S-Ga single bonds to afford [L1 (RN=C-S)Ga-Ga(S-C=NR)L1 ] (3, R=Me; 4, R=Ph) and [L2 (RN=C-S)Ga-Ga(S-C=NR)L2 ] (8, R=allyl; 9, R=Ph). In the cases of 8 and 9, this cycloaddition is reversible. The digallanes reacted with 2 equiv of PhNCS in the presence of Na metal or at high temperatures through a unique reductive cleavage of the C=S bond to yield the disulfide-bridged digallium species [Na(THF)3 ]2 [L1 Ga(μ-S)2 GaL1 ] (5), [L2 Ga(μ-S)2 GaL2 ] (10), and [Na(DME)3 ][L2 Ga(μ-S)2 GaL2 ] (11). Moreover, products 4 and 5 can further react with an excess of isothiocyanate, through cleavage of the C=S bond or cycloaddition, to give the bis- or mono-S-bridged complexes [Na(THF)2 ]2 [L1 (PhN=C-S)Ga(μ-S)2 Ga(S-C=NPh)L1 ] (6) and [L1 (PhN=C-S)Ga(μ-S)Ga(S-C=NPh)L1 ] (7). All the newly prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, NMR (3-9) or ESR spectroscopy (11), and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Vladimir A Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Weixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Alexandra A Skatova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seufert J, Welz E, Krummenacher I, Paprocki V, Böhnke J, Hagspiel S, Dewhurst RD, Tacke R, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolierung und Charakterisierung von kristallinen, neutralen Diboran(4)‐Radikalen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Seufert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Eileen Welz
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Seufert J, Welz E, Krummenacher I, Paprocki V, Böhnke J, Hagspiel S, Dewhurst RD, Tacke R, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolation and Characterization of Crystalline, Neutral Diborane(4) Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10752-10755. [PMID: 29785795 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diaryldihalodiboranes(4) were reacted with bis(amidinato)- and bis(guanidinato)silylenes to generate the first neutral diborane-centered radicals. These formally non-aromatic 5π electron systems are stable in the solid state as well as in solution and were characterized by solid-state structure determination, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and EPR spectroscopy. The reactivity of one of these radicals with the oxidant 1,4-benzoquinone led to ring-opening and B-O bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Seufert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Welz
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stoy A, Böhnke J, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Dewhurst RD, Thiess T, Braunschweig H. CO2
-Fixierung und Spaltung durch unpolare Mehrfachbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stoy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - J. Oscar C. Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto. Mexiko
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stoy A, Böhnke J, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Dewhurst RD, Thiess T, Braunschweig H. CO 2 Binding and Splitting by Boron-Boron Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5947-5951. [PMID: 29493885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The room-temperature, ambient-pressure reactions of CO2 with two species containing boron-boron multiple bonds led to the incorporation of either one or two CO2 molecules. The structural characterization of a thermally unstable intermediate in one case indicates that an initial [2+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., Mexico
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chu T, Nikonov GI. Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination at Main-Group Element Centers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3608-3680. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodriguez R, Alvarado-Beltran I, Saouli J, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Branchadell V, Kato T. Reversible CO2
Addition to a Si=O Bond and Synthesis of a Persistent SiO2
-CO2
Cycloadduct Stabilized by a Lewis Donor-Acceptor Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2635-2638. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodriguez
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; ISQCH-Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - Jérémy Saouli
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | | | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodriguez R, Alvarado-Beltran I, Saouli J, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Branchadell V, Kato T. Reversible CO2
Addition to a Si=O Bond and Synthesis of a Persistent SiO2
-CO2
Cycloadduct Stabilized by a Lewis Donor-Acceptor Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodriguez
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; ISQCH-Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - Jérémy Saouli
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | | | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 31062 Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Braunschweig H, Brückner T, Deißenberger A, Dewhurst RD, Gackstatter A, Gärtner A, Hofmann A, Kupfer T, Prieschl D, Thiess T, Wang SR. Reaction of Dihalodiboranes(4) with a N‐Heterocyclic Silylene: Facile Construction of 1‐Aryl‐2‐Silyl‐1,2‐Diboraindanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:9491-9494. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Annika Gackstatter
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sunewang Rixin Wang
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chu T, Vyboishchikov SF, Gabidullin BM, Nikonov GI. Oxidative Cleavage of the C═N Bond on Al(I). J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8804-8807. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Sergei F. Vyboishchikov
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany
69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Bulat M. Gabidullin
- X-Ray
Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis
Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department
of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wendel D, Porzelt A, Herz FAD, Sarkar D, Jandl C, Inoue S, Rieger B. From Si(II) to Si(IV) and Back: Reversible Intramolecular Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation by an Acyclic Iminosilylene. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8134-8137. [PMID: 28587448 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversibility is fundamental for transition metal catalysis, but equally for main group chemistry and especially low-valent silicon compounds, the interplay between oxidative addition and reductive elimination is key for a potential catalytic cycle. Herein, we report a highly reactive acyclic iminosilylsilylene 1, which readily performs an intramolecular insertion into a C═C bond of its aromatic ligand framework to give silacycloheptatriene (silepin) 2. UV-vis studies of this Si(IV) compound indicated a facile transformation back to Si(II) at elevated temperatures, further supported by density functional theory calculations and experimentally demonstrated by isolation of a silylene-borane adduct 3 following addition of B(C6F5)3. This tendency to undergo reductive elimination was exploited in the investigation of silepin 2 as a synthetic equivalent of silylene in the activation of small molecules. In fact, the first monomeric, four-coordinate silicon carbonate complex 4 was isolated and fully characterized in the reaction with carbon dioxide under mild conditions. Additionally, the exposure of 2 to ethylene or molecular hydrogen gave silirane 5 and Si(IV) dihydride 6, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wendel
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fabian A D Herz
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Debotra Sarkar
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, ∥WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry, ‡Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Álvarez-Rodríguez L, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Gómez-Gallego M, Merinero AD, Sierra MA. First Insertions of Carbene Ligands into Ge-N and Si-N Bonds. Chemistry 2017; 23:4287-4291. [PMID: 28225557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of carbene ligands into Ge-N (three examples) and Si-N (one example) bonds has been achieved for the first time by treating Fischer carbene complexes (M=W, Cr) with bulky amidinatotetrylenes (E=Ge, Si). These reactions, which start with a nucleophilic attack of the amidinatotetrylene heavier group 14 atom to the carbene C atom, proceed through a stereoselective insertion of the carbene fragment into an E-N bond of the amidinatotetrylene ENCN four-membered ring, leading to [M(CO)5 L] derivatives in which L belongs to a novel family of tetrylene ligands comprising an ECNCN five-membered ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier A Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba D Merinero
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sierra
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Burchert A, Yao S, Müller R, Schattenberg C, Xiong Y, Kaupp M, Driess M. An Isolable Silicon Dicarbonate Complex from Carbon Dioxide Activation with a Silylone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burchert
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Department of Chemistry: Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C7 10623 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Department of Chemistry: Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C7 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Burchert A, Yao S, Müller R, Schattenberg C, Xiong Y, Kaupp M, Driess M. An Isolable Silicon Dicarbonate Complex from Carbon Dioxide Activation with a Silylone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1894-1897. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burchert
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Department of Chemistry: Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C7 10623 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Department of Chemistry: Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C7 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tacke R, Ribbeck T. Bis(amidinato)- and bis(guanidinato)silylenes and silylenes with one sterically demanding amidinato or guanidinato ligand: synthesis and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13628-13659. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silylenes 1–4 have great synthetic potential for the synthesis of higher coordinate silicon(ii) and silicon(iv) complexes with unprecedented structural motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Tatjana Ribbeck
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Baus JA, Laskowski N, Tacke R. A Silacyclopropene with a Six‐Coordinate Silicon Atom and an SiN
4
C
2
Skeleton: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. Baus
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nadine Laskowski
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Anorganische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mück FM, Baus JA, Bertermann R, Burschka C, Tacke R. Lewis Acid/Base Reactions of the Bis(amidinato)silylene [iPrNC(Ph)NiPr]2Si and Bis(guanidinato)silylene [iPrNC(NiPr2)NiPr]2Si with ElPh3 (El = B, Al). Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Mück
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Baus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mück FM, Baus JA, Bertermann R, Tacke R. SO2Activation by the Bis(guanidinato)silylene [iPrNC(NiPr2)NiPr]2Si: Formation of Neutral Six-Coordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes with a Chelating Sulfito or Dithionito Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Mück
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes A. Baus
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Four‐, Five‐, and Six‐Coordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes: Reactivity of the Donor‐Stabilized Silylenes [
i
PrNC(Ph)N
i
Pr]
2
Si and [
i
PrNC(N
i
Pr
2
)N
i
Pr]
2
Si Towards Me
3
SiN
3
and PhSCH
2
N
3. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
48
|
Witteman L, Evers T, Shu Z, Lutz M, Klein Gebbink RJM, Moret ME. Hydrosilylation in Aryliminopyrrolide-Substituted Silanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:6087-99. [PMID: 26962007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A range of silanes was synthesized by the reaction of HSiCl3 with iminopyrrole derivatives in the presence of NEt3 . In certain cases, intramolecular hydrosilylation converts the imine ligand into an amino substituent. This reaction is inhibited by factors such as electron-donating substitution on Si and steric bulk. The monosubstituted ((Dipp) IMP)SiHMeCl ((Dipp) IMP=2-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl]pyrrolide), is stable towards hydrosilylation, but slow hydrosilylation is observed for ((Dipp) IMP)SiHCl2 . Reaction of two equivalents of (Dipp) IMPH with HSiCl3 results in the hydrosilylation product ((Dipp) AMP)((Dipp) IMP)SiCl ((Dipp) AMP=2-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)aminomethylene]pyrrolide), but the trisubsitituted ((Dipp) IMP)3 SiH is stable. Monitoring the hydrosilylation reaction of ((Dipp) IMP)SiHCl2 reveals a reactive pathway involving ligand redistribution reactions to form the disubstituted ((Dipp) AMP)((Dipp) IMP)SiCl as an intermediate. The reaction is strongly accelerated in the presence of chloride anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Witteman
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Evers
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schäfer S, Köppe R, Roesky PW. Investigations of the Nature of ZnII−SiIIBonds. Chemistry 2016; 22:7127-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mück FM, Baus JA, Burschka C, Tacke R. Cationic Five-Coordinate Bis(guanidinato)silicon(IV) Complexes with SiN4 El Skeletons (El=S, Se): "Heterolytic Activation" of S-S and Se-Se Bonds. Chemistry 2016; 22:5830-4. [PMID: 26990121 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The donor-stabilized silylene [iPrNC(NiPr2 )NiPr]2 Si (2) reacts with PhEl-ElPh (El=S, Se) to form the respective cationic five-coordinate bis(guanidinato)silicon(IV) complexes {[iPrNC(NiPr2 )NiPr]2 SiSPh}(+) PhS(-) (4) and {[iPrNC (NiPr2 )NiPr]2 SiSePh}(+) PhSe(-) (5). Compounds 4 and 5 were characterized by crystal structure analyses and NMR spectroscopic studies in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Mück
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Baus
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|