1
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Bourne C, Dong H, McKain K, Mayer LC, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Stasch A. Alkyl backbone variations in common β-diketiminate ligands and applications to N-heterocyclic silylene chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9887-9895. [PMID: 38807511 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01298d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
We report the extension of the common β-diketimine proligand class, RArnacnacH (HC(RCNAr)2H), where R is an alkyl group such as Et or iPr, plus Ph, and Ar is a sterically demanding aryl substituent such as Dip = 2,6-diispropylphenyl, Dep = 2,6-diethylphenyl, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl or mesityl, Xyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl, via one-pot condensation procedures. When a condensation reaction is carried out using the chemical dehydrating agent PPSE (polyphosphoric acid trimethylsilylester), β-diketiminate phosphorus(V) products such as (iPrMesnacnac)PO2 can also be obtained, which can be converted to the respective proligand iPrMesnacnacH via alkaline hydrolysis. The RArnacnacH proligands can be converted to their alkali metal complexes with common methods and we have found that deprotonation of iPrDipnacnacH is significantly more sluggish than that of related β-diketimines with smaller backbone alkyl groups. The basicity of the RArnacnac- anions can play a role in the success of their salt metathesis chemistry and we have prepared and structurally characterised the EtDipnacnac-derived silicon(II) compounds (EtDipnacnac)SiBr and (EtDipnacnac')Si, where EtDipnacnac' is the deprotonated variant MeCHC(NDip)CHC(NDip)Et.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Bourne
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Katharine McKain
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Lena C Mayer
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Aidan P McKay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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2
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Abstract
Heteroatom-centered diradical(oid)s have been in the focus of molecular main group chemistry for nearly 30 years. During this time, the diradical concept has evolved and the focus has shifted to the rational design of diradical(oid)s for specific applications. This review article begins with some important theoretical considerations of the diradical and tetraradical concept. Based on these theoretical considerations, the design of diradical(oid)s in terms of ligand choice, steric, symmetry, electronic situation, element choice, and reactivity is highlighted with examples. In particular, heteroatom-centered diradical reactions are discussed and compared with closed-shell reactions such as pericyclic additions. The comparison between closed-shell reactivity, which proceeds in a concerted manner, and open-shell reactivity, which proceeds in a stepwise fashion, along with considerations of diradical(oid) design, provides a rational understanding of this interesting and unusual class of compounds. The application of diradical(oid)s, for example in small molecule activation or as molecular switches, is also highlighted. The final part of this review begins with application-related details of the spectroscopy of diradical(oid)s, followed by an update of the heteroatom-centered diradical(oid)s and tetraradical(oid)s published in the last 10 years since 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie (AOC), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie (AOC), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Zander E, Bresien J, Zhivonitko VV, Fessler J, Villinger A, Michalik D, Schulz A. Rational Design of Persistent Phosphorus-Centered Singlet Tetraradicals and Their Use in Small-Molecule Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37315222 PMCID: PMC10368346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biradicals are important intermediates in the process of bond formation and breaking. While main-group-element-centered biradicals have been thoroughly studied, much less is known about tetraradicals, as their very low stability has hampered their isolation and use in small-molecule activation. Herein, we describe the search for persistent phosphorus-centered tetraradicals. Starting from an s-hydrindacenyl skeleton, we investigated the introduction of four phosphorus-based radical sites linked by an N-R unit and bridged by a benzene moiety. By varying the size of the substituent R, we finally succeeded in isolating a persistent P-centered singlet tetraradical, 2,6-diaza-1,3,5,7-tetraphospha-s-hydrindacene-1,3,5,7-tetrayl (1), in good yields. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that tetraradical 1 can be utilized for the activation of small molecules such as molecular hydrogen or alkynes. In addition to the synthesis of P-centered tetraradicals, the comparison with other known tetraradicals as well as biradicals is described on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations with respect to its multireference character, coupling of radical electrons, and aromaticity. The strong coupling of radical electrons enables selective discrimination between the first and the second activations of small molecules, which is shown by the example of H2 addition. The mechanism of hydrogen addition is investigated with parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization NMR studies and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Zander
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Fessler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Coburger P, Schweinzer C, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Reversible Single Electron Redox Steps Convert Polycycles with a C 3 P 3 Core to a Planar Triphosphinine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214548. [PMID: 36688727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the imidazolium-stabilized diphosphete-diide IDP with trityl phosphaalkyne affords a mixture which contains the molecules 1 a and 1 b with a central C3 P3 core, which formally carries a two-fold negative charge. In order to avoid the formation of an antiaromatic 8π electron system within a conjugated dianionic six-membered [C3 P3 ]2- ring, 1 a adopts a bicyclic [3.1.0] and 1 b a tricyclic [2.2.0.0] structure which are in a dynamic equilibrium. 1 a, b can be reversibly oxidized to a triphosphinine dication [5]2+ with a central flat aromatic six-membered C3 P3 ring. This two-electron redox reaction occurs in two single-electron transfer steps via the 7π-radical cation [4]⋅+ , which could also be isolated and fully characterized. The profound reversible structural change observed for the two-electron redox couple [5]2+ /1 a, b is in sharp contrast to the C6 H6 /[C6 H6 ]2- couple, which undergoes only a modest structural deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 30071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Rosenboom J, Villinger A, Schulz A, Bresien J. Concerted addition of aldehydes to the singlet biradical [P(μ-NTer)] 2. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13479-13487. [PMID: 35997123 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the singlet biradical [P(μ-NTer)]2 with various aldehydes selectively yielded the corresponding [2.1.1]-bicyclic addition products in a very fast reaction. All products were fully characterized, including by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mechanism of the addition was investigated theoretically using high-level ab initio methods (CCSD(T) with triple- and quadruple-zeta basis sets) and corresponds to a concerted cycloaddition reaction with a very low activation barrier. For comparison, the mechanisms of the literature-known cycloadditions of H2, alkenes, and alkynes were also studied, indicating a similar reaction profile for all unsaturated reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rosenboom
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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6
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Steffenfauseweh H, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler H, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of an Arsenic Diradicaloid with a Cyclic C 2 As 2 -Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207415. [PMID: 35652361 PMCID: PMC9545666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies of the first cyclic C2 As2 -diradicaloid {(IPr)CAs}2 (6) (IPr = C{N(Dipp)CH}2 ; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ). Treatment of (IPr)CH2 (1) with AsCl3 affords the Lewis adduct {(IPr)CH2 }AsCl3 (2). Compound 2 undergoes stepwise dehydrochlorination to yield {(IPr)CH}AsCl2 (3) and {(IPr)CAsCl}2 (5 a) or [{(IPr)CAs}2 Cl]OTf (5 b). Reduction of 5 a (or 5 b) with magnesium turnings gives 6 as a red crystalline solid in 90% yield. Compound 6 featuring a planar C2 As2 ring is diamagnetic and exhibits well resolved NMR signals. DFT calculations reveal a singlet ground state for 6 with a small singlet-triplet energy gap of 8.7 kcal mol-1 . The diradical character of 6 amounts to 20% (CASSCF, complete active space self consistent field) and 28% (DFT). Treatments of 6 with (PhSe)2 and Fe2 (CO)9 give rise to {(IPr)CAs(SePh)}2 (7) and {(IPr)CAs}2 Fe(CO)4 (8), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Steffenfauseweh
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Yury V. Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
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7
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Wang J, Chen J, Tian R, Duan Z. Activation of CS 2 with the 2 H-Phosphindole Complex to Construct P,S-Polycycles. Org Lett 2022; 24:6117-6121. [PMID: 35796494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation of CS2 by the 2H-phosphindole complex with a low-coordinate phosphadiene moiety is reported. The successive hetero-Diels-Alder reaction between 2H-phosphindoles and CS2 constructs two bridged rings and one spirocycle simultaneously, affording structurally complex P,S-polycyclic products. The two 2H-phosphindoles approach the C═S bond in a head-to-head disposition to minimize steric hindrance. This work reveals the unique reactivity of low-coordinate organophosphorus species and their potential applications in small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingrong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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8
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Rosenboom J, Chojetzki L, Suhrbier T, Rabeah J, Villinger A, Wustrack R, Bresien J, Schulz A. Radical Reactivity of the Biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer) 2 P⋅] and Isolation of a Persistent Phosphorus-Cantered Monoradical [⋅P(μ-NTer) 2 P-Et]. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200624. [PMID: 35445770 PMCID: PMC9322606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The activation of C-Br bonds in various bromoalkanes by the biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P⋅] (1) (Ter=2,6-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-phenyl) is reported, yielding trans-addition products of the type [Br-P(μ-NTer)2 P-R] (2), so-called 1,3-substituted cyclo-1,3-diphospha-2,4-diazanes. This addition reaction, which represents a new easy approach to asymmetrically substituted cyclo-1,3-diphospha-2,4-diazanes, was investigated mechanistically by different spectroscopic methods (NMR, EPR, IR, Raman); the results suggested a stepwise radical reaction mechanism, as evidenced by the in-situ detection of the phosphorus-centered monoradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P-R].< To provide further evidence for the radical mechanism, [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P-Et] (3Et⋅) was synthesized directly by reduction of the bromoethane addition product [Br-P(μ-NTer)2 P-Et] (2 a) with magnesium, resulting in the formation of the persistent phosphorus-centered monoradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P-Et], which could be isolated and fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Comparison of the EPR spectrum of the radical intermediate in the addition reaction with that of the synthesized new [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P-Et] radical clearly proves the existence of radicals over the course of the reaction of biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P⋅] (1) with bromoethane. Extensive DFT and coupled cluster calculations corroborate the experimental data for a radical mechanism in the reaction of biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P⋅] with EtBr. In the field of hetero-cyclobutane-1,3-diyls, the demonstration of a stepwise radical reaction represents a new aspect and closes the gap between P-centered biradicals and P-centered monoradicals in terms of radical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rosenboom
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukas Chojetzki
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Suhrbier
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronald Wustrack
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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9
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Steffenfauseweh H, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Andrada DM, Ghadwal R. Isolation of an Arsenic Diradicaloid with a Cyclic C2As2‐Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Diego M. Andrada
- Saarland University: Universitat des Saarlandes Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Rajendra Ghadwal
- Universitat Bielefeld Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universitätstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld GERMANY
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10
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Oswald J, Scharnhölz MT, Coburger P, Beer H, Bresien J, Schulz A, Grützmacher H. Insertion of Ruthenium into an inorganic, cyclic biradicaloid. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oswald
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Peter Coburger
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | - Henrik Beer
- Universität Rostock: Universitat Rostock SWITZERLAND
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Universität Rostock: Universitat Rostock SWITZERLAND
| | - Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock: Universitat Rostock SWITZERLAND
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Hönggerberg Deptmartment of Chemistry Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
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11
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Beer H, Linke A, Bresien J, Mlostoń G, Celeda M, Villinger A, Schulz A. Synthesis of Bicyclic P,S-Heterocycles via the Addition of Thioketones to a Phosphorus-Centered Open-Shell Singlet Biradical. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2031-2038. [PMID: 35041414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Formal addition reactions between the open-shell singlet biradical [P(μ-NTer)]2 (1Ter) and xanthione, thioxanthione, as well as ferrocenyl naphthyl thioketone were studied in detail. Reactions were performed at room temperature and led to the formation of strained [2.1.1]-cage P,S-heterocycles (3). All addition products were isolated and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, reversible cleavage of the xanthenthione-biradical addition product into the parent compounds (biradical and thioketone) could be demonstrated by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The thermodynamic stability of all cyclization products with respect to the elimination of thioketone was studied by quantum-chemical computations including solvent effects. Regarding the dissociation of addition products 3 into the fragment molecules 1Ter and ketone/thioketone, calculations prove that a significantly larger distortion energy in ketones compared with thioketones causes lower thermodynamic stability of the ketone adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Beer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Linke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Małgorzata Celeda
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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12
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Schulz A, Beer H, Linke A, Bresien J, Villinger A. A Cyclic Thioketone as Biradical Heterocyclopentane-1,3-diyl: Synthesis, Structure and Activation Chemistry. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the biradical [(m-NTer)P·]2 (1) with thiophosgene, SCCl2, leads to a cyclic phospha-aza thiourea derivative (7) in very good yields. This synthetic approach represents a new possibility to...
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13
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Zhivonitko VV, Beer H, Zakharov DO, Bresien J, Schulz A. Hyperpolarization Effects in Parahydrogen Activation with Pnictogen Biradicaloids: Metal-free PHIP and SABRE. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:813-817. [PMID: 33725397 PMCID: PMC8251785 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biradicaloids attract attention as a novel class of reagents that can activate small molecules such as H2, ethylene and CO2. Herein, we study activation of parahydrogen (nuclear spin‐0 isomer of H2) by a number of 4‐ and 5‐membered pnictogen biradicaloids based on hetero‐cyclobutanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2Z] and hetero‐cyclopentanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2ZC(NDmp)] moieties (X,Z=P,As; Ter=2,6‐Mes2−C6H3, Dmp=2,6‐Me2−C6H3). The concerted mechanism of this reaction allowed observing strong nuclear spin hyperpolarization effects in 1H and 31P NMR experiments. Signal enhancements from two to four orders of magnitude were detected at 9.4 T depending on the structure. It is demonstrated that 4‐membered biradicaloids activate H2 reversibly, leading to SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization of biradicaloids themselves and their H2 adducts. In contrast, the 5‐membered counterparts demonstrate rather irreversible parahydrogen activation resulting in hyperpolarized H2 adducts only. Kinetic measurements provided parameters to support experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Beer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danila O Zakharov
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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14
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Yuan Q, Liu HW, Cai ZJ, Ji SJ. Direct 1,1-Bisphosphonation of Isocyanides: Atom- and Step-Economical Access to Bisphosphinoylaminomethanes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8495-8501. [PMID: 33817511 PMCID: PMC8015124 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An atom- and step-economical strategy for the synthesis of bisphosphinoylaminomethanes is reported. This metal-free bisphosphinylation reaction proceeded smoothly through a base-mediated direct 1,1-bisphosphonation of phosphine oxides and isocyanides under mild conditions. The present method offers a facile, efficient, and general approach to a broad range of bisphosphinoylaminomethane derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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15
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Sharma MK, Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler H, Ghadwal RS. Ein offenschaliges Singulett‐Sn
I
‐Diradikal und H
2
‐Spaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Timo Glodde
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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16
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Schulz A, Hinz A, Rölke A, Villinger A, Wustrack R. On New Staudinger Type Reactions of Phosphorus Centered Biradicaloids, [P(μ‐NR)]
2
(R = Ter, Hyp), with Ionic and Covalent Azides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Material Design Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anne Rölke
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ronald Wustrack
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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17
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Sharma MK, Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. An Open-Shell Singlet Sn I Diradical and H 2 Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6414-6418. [PMID: 33460280 PMCID: PMC7986611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The first SnI diradical [(ADCPh)Sn]2 (4) based on an anionic dicarbene (ADCPh={CN(Dipp)}2CPh; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) scaffold has been isolated as a green crystalline solid by KC8 reduction of the corresponding bis‐chlorostannylene [(ADCPh)SnCl]2 (3). The six‐membered C4Sn2‐ring of 4 containing six π‐electrons shows a diatropic ring current, thus 4 may also be regarded as the first 1,4‐distannabenzene derivative. DFT calculations suggest an open‐shell singlet (OS) ground state of 4 with a remarkably small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEOS–T=4.4 kcal mol−1), which is consistent with CASSCF (ΔES–T=6.6 kcal mol−1 and diradical character y=37 %) calculations. The diradical 4 splits H2 at room temperature to yield the bis‐hydridostannylene [(ADCPh)SnH]2 (5). Further reactivity of 4 has been studied with PhSeSePh and MeOTf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Bresien J, Michalik D, Schulz A, Villinger A, Zander E. Azadiphosphaindane-1,3-diyls: A Class of Resonance-Stabilized Biradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1507-1512. [PMID: 33038288 PMCID: PMC7839750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene with sterically demanding primary amines led to the formation of 1,3-dichloro-2-aza-1,3-diphosphaindanes of the type C6 H4 (μ-PCl)2 N-R. Reduction yielded the corresponding 2-aza-1,3-diphosphaindane-1,3-diyls (1), which can be described as phosphorus-centered singlet biradical(oid)s. Their stability depends on the size of the substituent R: While derivatives with R=Dmp (2,6-dimethylphenyl) or Ter (2,6-dimesitylphenyl) underwent oligomerization, the derivative with very bulky R=tBu Bhp (2,6-bis(benzhydryl)-4-tert-butylphenyl) was stable with respect to oligomerization in its monomeric form. Oligomerization involved activation of the fused benzene ring by a second equivalent of the monomeric biradical and can be regarded as formal [2+2] (poly)addition reaction. Calculations indicate that the biradical character in 1 is comparable with literature-known P-centered biradicals. Ring-current calculations show aromaticity within the entire ring system of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Edgar Zander
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
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19
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Bresien J, Michalik D, Schulz A, Villinger A, Zander E. Azadiphosphaindan‐1,3‐diyle: Eine Gruppe von resonanzstabilisierten Biradikalen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Edgar Zander
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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20
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Sharma MK, Ebeler F, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of a Ge(I) Diradicaloid and Dihydrogen Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:121-125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Falk Ebeler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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21
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Heterocyclopentanediyls vs Heterocyclopentadienes: A Question of Silyl Group Migration. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14435-14445. [PMID: 32393023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the singlet biradical [P(μ-NHyp)]2 (Hyp = hypersilyl, (Me3Si)3Si) with different isonitriles afforded a series of five-membered N2P2C heterocycles. Depending on the steric bulk of the substituent at the isonitrile, migration of a Hyp group was observed, resulting in two structurally similar but electronically very different isomers. As evidenced by comprehensive spectroscopic and theoretical studies, the heterocyclopentadiene isomer may be regarded as a rather unreactive closed-shell singlet species with one localized N═P and one C═P double bond, whereas the heterocyclopentanediyl isomer represents an open-shell singlet biradical with interesting photochemical properties, such as photoisomerization under irradiation with red light to a [2.1.0]-housane-type species.
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22
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Beer H, Bresien J, Michalik D, Schulz A, Villinger A. Reversible switching between housane and cyclopentanediyl isomers: an isonitrile-catalysed thermal reverse reaction. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13986-13992. [PMID: 32869789 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The photo-isomerization of an isolable five-membered singlet biradical based on C, N, and P ([TerNP]2CNDmp, 2a) selectively afforded a closed-shell housane-type isomer (3a) by forming a transannular P-P bond. In the dark, the housane-type species re-isomerized to the biradical, resulting in a fully reversible overall process. In the present study, the influence of tBuNC on the thermal reverse reaction was investigated: the isonitrile acted as a catalyst, thus allowing control over the thermal reaction rate. Moreover, tBuNC also reacted with the biradical to form an adduct species ([TerNP]2CNDmp·CNtBu, 4a), which can be regarded as the resting state of the system. The reactive species 2a and 3a could be re-generated in situ by irradiation with red light. The results of this study extend our understanding of this new class of molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Beer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. and Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. and Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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23
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Beer H, Bläsing K, Bresien J, Chojetzki L, Schulz A, Stoer P, Villinger A. Trapping of Brønsted acids with a phosphorus-centered biradicaloid - synthesis of hydrogen pseudohalide addition products. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13655-13662. [PMID: 32985638 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03251d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The trapping of classical hydrogen pseudohalides (HX, X = pseudohalogen = CN, N3, NCO, NCS, and PCO) utilizing a phosphorus-centered cyclic biradicaloid, [P(μ-NTer)]2, is reported. These formal Brønsted acids were generated in situ as gases and passed over the trapping reagent, the biradicaloid [P(μ-NTer)]2, leading to the formation of the addition product [HP(μ-NTer)2PX] (successful for X = CN, N3, and NCO). In addition to this direct addition reaction, a two-step procedure was also applied because we failed in isolating HPCO and HNCS addition products. This two-step process comprises the generation and isolation of the highly reactive [HP(μ-NTer)2PX]+ cation as a [B(C6F5)4]- salt, followed by salt metathesis with salts such as [cat]X (cat = PPh4, n-Bu3NMe), which also gives the desired [HP(μ-NTer)2PX] product, with the exception of the reaction with the PCO- salt. In this case, proton migration was observed, finally affording the formation of a [3.1.1]-hetero-propellane-type cage compound, an OC(H)P isomer of a HPCO adduct. All discussed species were fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Beer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Lukas Chojetzki
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Stoer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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24
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Coburger P, Wolf R, Grützmacher H. Isomerism and Biradical Character of Tetrapnictide Dianions: A Computational Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:3580-3586. [PMID: 33132751 PMCID: PMC7590082 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a computational study on tetrapnictide dianions Pn42– (Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi), using density functional theory (DFT), coupled‐cluster [DLPNO‐CCSD(T)] and complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) methods. Environmental effects such as solvation and coordination of counterions are included. The calculations reveal that out of three isomers (square‐planar, butterfly and capped‐triangle), the square planar isomers are generally the most stable. The counterion (Li+ and Mg2+) used in the calculations have a substantial effect on the relative stabilities. The square planar isomers show considerable biradical character. Calculated reactions toward alkenes indicate that this unusual electronic structure has significant implications on the reactivity of the Pn42– dianions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany.,Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry ETH Zurich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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25
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Bresien J, Pilopp Y, Schulz A, Szych LS, Villinger A, Wustrack R. Synthesis of Sterically Demanding Secondary Phosphides and Diphosphanes and Their Utilization in Small-Molecule Activation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13561-13571. [PMID: 32870656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sterically demanding secondary potassium phosphides (4) were synthesized and investigated. Reaction with halophosphanes (5) yields diphosphanes (6), whereas reaction with CS2 yields phosphanyl dithioformates (10). These can be further converted to the corresponding phosphanyl esters of dithioformic acid R2P-C(S)S-PR2 (8). One of these thioesters (8) was found to undergo a migration reaction, resulting in the formation of a phosphanylthioketone with an additional phosphanylthiolate group (9), which was used as a chiral ligand in gold coordination chemistry. The phosphanyl migration reaction was investigated by spectroscopic and theoretical methods, revealing a first-order reaction via a cyclic transition state. All species mentioned were fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yannic Pilopp
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lilian Sophie Szych
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronald Wustrack
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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26
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Chojetzki L, Schulz A, Villinger A, Wustrack R. Cycloaddition of Alkenes and Alkynes to the P‐centered Singlet Biradical [P(μ‐NTer)]
2. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Chojetzki
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie A.‐Einstein‐Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie A.‐Einstein‐Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Materialdesign Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie A.‐Einstein‐Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ronald Wustrack
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie A.‐Einstein‐Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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27
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Ritter C, Weigend F, von Hänisch C. Synthesis of a Molecule with Five Different Adjacent Pnictogens. Chemistry 2020; 26:8536-8540. [PMID: 32428313 PMCID: PMC7383748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first molecular compound with all five pnictogens was obtained by a multi-step reaction. Lithiation of the (bisamido)diazadiarsetidine (tBuNAs)2 (tBuNH)2 in aliphatic solvents leads to the dimeric metallated species [(tBuNAs)2 (tBuNLi)2 ]2 (12 ). Upon reactions with AsCl3 , SbCl3 and BiCl3 the polycyclic compounds [(tBuNAs)2 (tBuN)2 ]PnCl (Pn=As (2), Sb (3), Bi (4)) can be obtained. Conversion of 2-4 with [tBu2 SbP(tBu)Li(OEt2 )]2 leads to the remarkable interpnictogens [(tBuNAs)2 (tBuN)2 ]PnP(tBu)SbtBu2 (Pn=As (5), Sb (6), Bi (7)), whereby 7 is the first example of a molecule containing all five Group 15 elements. The compound with adjacent AsNBiPSb-chains is surprisingly stable and does not show high sensibility against light as the labile Bi-P bond might suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ritter
- Department of Chemistry andWissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Department of ChemistryPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Department of Chemistry andWissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
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28
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Zhang X, Chen X, Zhai H, Liu S, Hu C, Liu LL, Wang S, Li Z. Facile addition of E–H bonds to a dicarbondiphosphide. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6384-6390. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer at P atoms in an N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized 6π-electron aromatic dicarbondiphosphide 1 has been observed upon interaction with a variety of small molecule substrates that feature a polar E–H bond (E = C, N, and O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- 510632 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- 510632 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Haojiang Zhai
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Shuhai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- 276000 Linyi
- China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
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29
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Akisaka R, Ohga Y, Abe M. Dynamic solvent effects in radical-radical coupling reactions: an almost bottleable localised singlet diradical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27949-27954. [PMID: 33184617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Localised singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolysis, which plays a crucial role in chemical reactions. However, thorough experimental analyses of the reaction dynamics and chemical properties are generally difficult because bond formation is rapid, even under low-temperature matrix conditions. In this study, the effects of solvent and pressure on the lifetimes of long-lived singlet diradicals with bulky substituents were investigated. The solvent dynamic effect was revealed to provide control over the rate constant of radical-radical coupling reactions, and an almost bottleable singlet diradical with a lifetime of ∼2 s at 293 K was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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30
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Bresien J, Eickhoff L, Schulz A, Suhrbier T, Villinger A. A Systematic Survey of the Reactivity of Chlorinated N 2 P 2 , NP 3 and P 4 Ring Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:16311-16319. [PMID: 31589354 PMCID: PMC6973262 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the four-membered NP3 ring system [RN(μ-PCl)2 PR] (R=Mes*=2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) towards Lewis acids, Lewis bases, and reducing agents was investigated. Comparisons with the literature-known, analogous cyclic compounds [ClP(μ-NR)]2 (R=Ter=2,6-dimesitylphenyl) and [ClP(μ-PR)]2 (R=Mes*) are drawn, to obtain a better systematic understanding of the reactivity of cyclic NP species. Apart from experimental results, DFT computations are discussed to further the insight into bonding and electronic structure of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Liesa Eickhoff
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Abteilung Materialdesign, Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der, Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Suhrbier
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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31
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Reiß F, Reiß M, Bresien J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Baumann W, Arndt P, Beweries T. 1-Titanacyclobuta-2,3-diene - an elusive four-membered cyclic allene. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5319-5325. [PMID: 31191888 PMCID: PMC6540905 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a 1-titanacyclobuta-2,3-diene complex, an organometallic analog of elusive 1,2-cyclobutadiene, is presented.
The synthesis of an unusual 1-metalla-2,3-cyclobutadiene complex [rac-(ebthi)Ti(Me3SiC3SiMe3)] (rac-ebthi = rac-1,2-ethylene-1,1′-bis(η5-tetrahydroindenyl)), a formal metallacyclic analogue of a non-existent four-membered 1,2-cyclobutadiene, is described. By variation of the cyclopentadienyl ligand of the titanocene precursor it was possible to stabilise this highly exotic compound which selectively reacts with ketones and aldehydes to yield enynes by oxygen transfer to titanium. Analysis of the bonding and electronic structure of the metallacycle shows that the complex is best described as an unusual antiferromagnetically coupled biradicaloid system, possessing a formal Ti(iii) centre coordinated with a monoanionic radical ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Melanie Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie , Institut für Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
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32
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Beweries T, Reiß F, Rothe J, Schulz A, Villinger A. Triazenido Complexes of Titanocene(III). Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Julia Rothe
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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33
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Bresien J, Kröger-Badge T, Lochbrunner S, Michalik D, Müller H, Schulz A, Zander E. A chemical reaction controlled by light-activated molecular switches based on hetero-cyclopentanediyls. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3486-3493. [PMID: 30996939 PMCID: PMC6430090 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular switches are molecules that can reversibly be shifted between at least two stable states with different physical and chemical properties, making them interesting for application as chemical sensors or molecular machines. We recently discovered that five-membered, cyclic biradicals based on group 15 elements are efficient and robust photochemical switches that can be activated by red light. The quantum yield of the photo-isomerization is as high as 24.6%, and the thermal equilibration of the photo-activation product proceeds rapidly at ambient temperature. The fully reversible process was studied by experimental and high-level ab initio techniques. We could further demonstrate that the biradical character could be completely turned on and off, so the system could be applied to control chemical equilibria that involve activation products of the cyclic biradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Thomas Kröger-Badge
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24 , D-18059 Rostock , Germany.,Department of Life, Light & Matter , University of Rostock , D-18051 Rostock , Germany
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany . ; .,Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock e.V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Henrik Müller
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany . ; .,Department of Life, Light & Matter , University of Rostock , D-18051 Rostock , Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock e.V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Edgar Zander
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
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34
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Schoeller WW. The Niecke Biradicals and Their Congeners – The Journey from Stable Biradicaloids to Their Utilization for the Design of Nonlinear Optical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W. Schoeller
- Department of Chemistry University of Bielefeld P. O. Box 10 01 31 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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35
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Bresien J, Schulz A, Szych LS, Villinger A, Wustrack R. [E(μ-NBbp)]2 (E = P, As) – group 15 biradicals synthesized from acyclic precursors. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11103-11111. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from an acyclic precursor R–N(ECl2)2, the preparation of biradicals of the type [E(μ-NBbp)]2 (E = P, As) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
| | | | | | - Ronald Wustrack
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
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36
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Chen X, Hinz A, Harmer JR, Li Z. Metastable phosphorus neutral monoradical: a key intermediate in the bicyclic cage formation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2549-2553. [PMID: 30667420 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A key intermediate in the formation of a bicyclic cage formed between a biradical (LCP)2 (L = carbene) and an unsaturated substrate via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction has been isolated and fully characterized including by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- 510632 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
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37
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Guddorf BJ, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Hepp A, Lips F. Formation of an NHC-stabilized heterocyclic housane and its isomerization into a cyclopentenyl anion analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12896-12899. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
:PC–tBu reacts with Si3Mes4NHCiPr2Me2E to afford a so-called “housane” 1, that rearranges upon irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp or at 60 °C to an NHC-stabilized cyclopentenyl anion analogue 2 with a three-center four-electron π-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J. Guddorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | | | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
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39
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Bresien J, Hinz A, Schulz A, Villinger A. As–N and As–N–P Cage Compounds Generated by [2+2] Addition of Diazenes and Diphosphenes to Diarsadiazanediyls. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Materialdesign Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e. V. A.‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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40
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41
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Li Z, Hou Y, Li Y, Hinz A, Chen X. Biradicaloid and Zwitterion Reactivity of Dicarbondiphosphide Stabilized with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:4849-4855. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Hou
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Ox1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material; Jinan University; 510632 Guangzhou P. R. China
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42
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Bresien J, Hinz A, Schulz A, Villinger A. Trapping of transient, heavy pnictogen-centred biradicals. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4433-4436. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heavy biradicals [E(μ-NTer)]2 (E = Sb, Bi) were generated in situ and trapped by a formal [2 + 2] addition reaction with tolan (Ph–CC–Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bresien
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - A. Hinz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - A. Schulz
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Abteilung Materialdesign
| | - A. Villinger
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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43
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Ito S. Topics of 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl derivatives: Structural aspects and functionality of isolable heavier congeners of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and the related molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Schulz A. Group 15 biradicals: synthesis and reactivity of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and cyclopentane-1,3-diyl analogues. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12827-12837. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and cyclopentane-1,3-diyl analogues are discussed along with their application as molecular switches or reagents to activate or trap small molecules with single or multiple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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45
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Tirrée J, Ruban AV, Nieger M, Li C, Nyulászi L, Niecke E. Overcrowded aminophospanitrenes: a case study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In a search for stable phosphinonitrenes generated by thermally induced decomposition of the azidophosphines 8a, b, different cyclodiphosp(V)azene products were generated. While in the case of 8a the expected phosphinonitrene dimer 10 could be obtained, from 8b, which has the sterically more demanding TMP substituents, product 11, was obtained and characterized. DFT calculations have revealed that the primarily formed phosphinonitrene 9b is unstable against loss of TMP˙, and the resulting radical dimerizes to the biradicaloid 1,3-diaza-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-diyl 13. Compound 13 then dimerizes after ring opening, yielding in the ring system, which provides the final product upon reaction with the starting azidophosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Tirrée
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Claudia Li
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Technical University of Budapest , Gellért tér 4 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Technical University of Budapest , Gellért tér 4 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
- MTA-BME Computational Driven Chemistry Research Group , Gellért tér 4 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Edgar Niecke
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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46
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Bresien J, Hinz A, Schulz A, Suhrbier T, Thomas M, Villinger A. Dichloro-Cycloazatriphosphane: The Missing Link between N 2 P 2 and P 4 Ring Systems in the Systematic Development of NP Chemistry. Chemistry 2017; 23:14738-14742. [PMID: 28898470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A dichloro-cycloazatriphosphane that incorporates a cyclic NP3 backbone could be synthesized using knowledge gained from the chemistry of N2 P2 and P4 ring systems. It fills the gap between the congeneric compounds [ClP(μ-NR)]2 and [ClP(μ-PR)]2 (R=sterically demanding substituent), and thus contributes to the systematic development of nitrogen-phosphorus chemistry in general. The title compound was studied with respect to its formation via a labile aminodiphosphene, which readily underwent different rearrangement reactions depending on the solvent. All compounds were fully characterized by experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Suhrbier
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Max Thomas
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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47
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Bawari D, Prashanth B, Jaiswal K, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Product Isomer Distribution in the Sequential Functionalization of Cyclic P
III
2
N
2
Frameworks. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Bawari
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81 140306 SAS Nagar, Mohali Punjab India
| | - Billa Prashanth
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81 140306 SAS Nagar, Mohali Punjab India
| | - Kuldeep Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81 140306 SAS Nagar, Mohali Punjab India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81 140306 SAS Nagar, Mohali Punjab India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81 140306 SAS Nagar, Mohali Punjab India
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48
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Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. N
-Heterocyclic Vinylidene-Stabilized Phosphorus Biradicaloid. Chemistry 2017; 23:9044-9047. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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49
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Dielmann F, Timoshkin A, Piesch M, Balázs G, Scheer M. The Cobalt cyclo-P 4 Sandwich Complex and Its Role in the Formation of Polyphosphorus Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1671-1675. [PMID: 28078794 PMCID: PMC5299486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to the sandwich complex [Cp′′′Co(η4‐P4)] (2) containing a cyclo‐P4 ligand as an end‐deck was developed. Complex 2 is the missing homologue in the series of first‐row cyclo‐Pn sandwich complexes, and shows a unique tendency to dimerize in solution to form two isomeric P8 complexes [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η4:η2:η1‐P8)] (3 and 4). Reactivity studies indicate that 2 and 3 react with further [Cp′′′Co] fragments to give [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η2:η2‐P2)2] (5) and [(Cp′′′Co)3P8] (6), respectively. Furthermore, complexes 2, 3, and 4 thermally decompose forming 5, 6, and the P12 complex [(Cp′′′Co)3P12] (7). DFT calculations on the P4 activation process suggest a η3‐P4 Co complex as the key intermediate in the synthesis of 2 as well as in the formation of larger polyphosphorus complexes via a unique oligomerization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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50
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Dielmann F, Timoshkin A, Piesch M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Der cyclo
-P4
-Sandwichkomplex des Cobalts und seine Rolle bei der Bildung von Polyphosphorverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Alexey Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russland
| | - Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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