1
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Lin Z, Ren H, Lin X, Yu X, Zheng J. Synthesis of Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes Enabled by Catalyst-Controlled Annulations of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Vinyl Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18565-18575. [PMID: 38935924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bridged bicyclic scaffolds are emerging bioisosteres of planar aromatic rings under the concept of "escape from flatland". However, adopting this concept into the exploration of bioisosteres of pyridines remains elusive due to the challenge of incorporating a N atom into such bridged bicyclic structures. Herein, we report practical routes for the divergent synthesis of 2- and 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes (aza-BCHepes) as potential bioisosteres of pyridines from the readily accessible vinyl azides and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) via two distinct catalytic annulations. The reactivity of vinyl azides tailored with BCBs is the key to achieving divergent transformations. TiIII-catalyzed single-electron reductive generation of C-radicals from BCBs allows a concise (3 + 3) annulation with vinyl azides, affording novel 2-aza-BCHepe scaffolds. In contrast, scandium catalysis enables an efficient dipolar (3 + 2) annulation with vinyl azides to generate 2-azidobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes, which subsequently undergo a chemoselective rearrangement to construct 3-aza-BCHepes. Both approaches efficiently deliver unique azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptene scaffolds with a high functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility has been further demonstrated by scale-up reactions and diverse postcatalytic transformations, providing valuable azabicyclics including 2- and 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and rigid bicyclic amino esters. In addition, the related sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom and the similar geometric property between pyridines and corresponding aza-BCHepes indicate that they are promising bioisosteres of pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongren Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haosong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Szych LS, Pilopp Y, Bresien J, Villinger A, Rabeah J, Schulz A. Ein persistentes phosphanyl‐substituiertes Thioketylradikalanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Sophie Szych
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Yannic Pilopp
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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3
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Das TK, Kundu M, Mondal B, Ghosh P, Das S. Organocatalytic synthesis of (Het)biaryl scaffolds via photoinduced intra/intermolecular C(sp 2)-H arylation by 2-pyridone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:208-218. [PMID: 34878476 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A unique N,O-bidentate ligand 6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridone-2-carboxylic acid dimethylamide (L1) catalyzed direct C(sp2)-H (intra/intermolecular) arylation of unactivated arenes has been developed to expedite access to (Het)biaryl scaffolds under UV-irradiation at room temperature. The protocol tolerated diverse functional groups and substitution patterns, affording the target products in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic investigations were also carried out to better understand the reaction pathway. Furthermore, the synthetic applicability of this unified approach has been showcased via the construction of biologically relevant 4-quinolone, tricyclic lactam and sultam derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Das
- TCG Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., BN-7, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091, India. .,Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
| | - Mrinalkanti Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., BN-7, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091, India.
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- TCG Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., BN-7, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091, India. .,Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
| | - Prasanjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
| | - Sajal Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
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4
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Schulz A, Szych LS, Pilopp Y, Bresien J, Villinger A, Rabeah J. A Persistent Phosphanyl-Substituted Thioketyl Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114792. [PMID: 34843637 PMCID: PMC9303638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal salts, M+[Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S].− (M=Na, K; 2_M; Ter=2,6‐bis‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phenyl) containing a room‐temperature‐stable thioketyl radical anion were obtained by reduction of the thioketone precursor, Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S (1), with alkali metals (Na, K). Single‐crystal X‐ray studies as well as EPR spectroscopy revealed the unequivocal existence of a thioketyl radical anion in the solid state and in solution, respectively. The computed Mulliken spin density within 2_M is mainly located at the sulfur (49 %) and the carbonyl carbon (33 %) atoms. Upon adding [2.2.2]‐cryptand to the radical species 2_K to minimize the interionic interaction, an activation reaction was observed, yielding a potassium salt with a phosphanyl thioether based anion, [K(crypt)]+[Ter(iPr)P−C(−S‐iPr)−P(iPr)2S]− (3) as the product of an intermolecular shift of an iPr group from a second anion. The products were fully characterized and application of the radical anion as a reducing agent was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, GERMANY
| | - Lilian Sophie Szych
- Universität Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät: Universitat Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat, Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Yannic Pilopp
- Universität Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät: Universitat Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat, Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Universität Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät: Universitat Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat, Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät: Universitat Rostock Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat, Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV, Chemie, GERMANY
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5
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Younas SL, Streuff J. Kinetic Analysis Uncovers Hidden Autocatalysis and Inhibition Pathways in Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Ketone-Nitrile Couplings. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Younas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene‐Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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7
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14339-14344. [PMID: 33871126 PMCID: PMC8251790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cp2 Ti(TFA) is a broadly applicable catalyst for the [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenones by inner-sphere electron transfer. The attractiveness of this mechanism is shown by comparison with outer-sphere ET methods. DFT calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a unique unfavorable 5-exo (the rate-determining step) and a favorable 4-exo cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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8
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Kern C, Selau J, Streuff J. A Titanium-Catalyzed Reductive α-Desulfonylation. Chemistry 2021; 27:6178-6182. [PMID: 33539578 PMCID: PMC8048938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A titanium(III)-catalyzed desulfonylation gives access to functionalized alkyl nitrile building blocks from α-sulfonyl nitriles, circumventing traditional base-mediated α-alkylation conditions and strong single electron donors. The reaction tolerates numerous functional groups including free alcohols, esters, amides, and it can be applied also to the α-desulfonylation of ketones. In addition, a one-pot desulfonylative alkylation is demonstrated. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a catalyst-dependent mechanism involving a homolytic C-S cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kern
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Jan Selau
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
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9
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Péter Á, Agasti S, Knowles O, Pye E, Procter DJ. Recent advances in the chemistry of ketyl radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5349-5365. [PMID: 33972956 PMCID: PMC8111543 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates for synthesis and are used extensively to construct complex, functionalized products from carbonyl substrates. Single electron transfer (SET) reduction of the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O bond of aldehydes and ketones is the classical approach for the formation of ketyl radicals and metal reductants are the archetypal reagents employed. The past decade has, however, witnessed significant advances in the generation and harnessing of ketyl radicals. This tutorial review highlights recent, exciting developments in the chemistry of ketyl radicals by comparing the varied contemporary – for example, using photoredox catalysts – and more classical approaches for the generation and use of ketyl radicals. The review will focus on different strategies for ketyl radical generation, their creative use in new synthetic protocols, strategies for the control of enantioselectivity, and detailed mechanisms where appropriate. Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates for synthesis. This review highlights exciting recent developments in the chemistry of ketyl radicals by comparing contemporary and more classical approaches for their generation and use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Péter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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10
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Du K, Zhang Z, Sheng W. Copper-Catalyzed the Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylchromone via Trifluoromethyl Radical Addition Tandem Cyclization Reaction of 2-Hydroxyphenyl Enaminones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Martínez AR, Morales LP, Ojeda ED, Rodríguez MC, Rodríguez-García I. The Proven Versatility of Cp 2TiCl. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1311-1329. [PMID: 33147037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, titanocene monochloride has been postulated as a monoelectronic transfer reagent capable of catalyzing an important variety of chemical transformations. In this Perspective, our contributions to this growing field of research are summarized and analyzed. Especially known have been our contributions in C-C bond formation reactions, hydrogen-atom transfer from water to radicals, and isomerization reactions, as well as the development of a catalytic cycle that has subsequently allowed the preparation of a great variety of natural terpenes. It is also worth mentioning our contribution in the postulation of this single-electron transfer agent (SET) as a new green catalyst with a broad range of applications in organic and organometallic chemistry. The most significant catalytic processes developed by other research groups are also briefly described, with special emphasis on the reaction mechanisms involved. Finally, a reflection is made on the future trends in the research of this SET, aimed at consolidating this chemical as a new green reagent that will be widely used in fine chemistry, green chemistry, and industrial chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Pozo Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Díaz Ojeda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Castro Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Fermi A, Gualandi A, Bergamini G, Cozzi PG. Shining Light on Ti
IV
Complexes: Exceptional Tools for Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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13
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Manßen M, Schafer LL. Titanium catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals – development and trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6947-6994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlas as a Titan(ium) is holding the earth-abundant chemistry world. Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal, is a key player in important industrial processes (e.g. polyethylene) and shows much promise for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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14
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Kise N, Yoshimura Y, Manto T, Sakurai T. Electroreductive Intermolecular Coupling of 4-Quinolones with Benzophenones: Synthesis of 2-Substituted 4-Quinolones. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20080-20093. [PMID: 31788643 PMCID: PMC6882170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The electroreductive coupling of 1-alkoxycarbonyl-4-quinolones with benzophenones in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride gave adducts reacted at the 2-position of 4-quinolones as trimethylsilyl ethers. The adducts were transformed to 2-(diarylhydroxymethyl)-4-quinolones. The electroreduction of 1,3-diethoxycarbonyl-4-quinolones and polyhalogenated 3-alkoxycarbonyl-1-alkyl-4-quinolones with benzophenones also gave adducts reacted at the 2-position of 4-quinolones. On the contrary, the electroreductive coupling of 1,3-diethooxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-4-quinolones occurred at the 4-position of 4-quinolones to give 4-substituted quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- E-mail:
| | - Yoshie Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Manto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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15
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Abstract
New catalytic strategies that leverage single-electron redox events have provided chemists with useful tools for solving synthetic problems. In this context, Ti offers opportunities that are complementary to late transition metals for reaction discovery. Following foundational work on epoxide reductive functionalization, recent methodological advances have significantly expanded the repertoire of Ti radical chemistry. This Synopsis summarizes recent developments in the burgeoning area of Ti radical catalysis with a focus on innovative catalytic strategies such as radical redox-relay and dual catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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16
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17
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Kise N, Nagamine H, Sakurai T. Electroreductive Intermolecular Coupling of Chromones with Benzophenones: Synthesis of 2-Diarylmethylchromones and Tetrasubstituted Furans. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552 Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagamine
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552 Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552 Japan
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18
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Muthukrishnan I, Sridharan V, Menéndez JC. Progress in the Chemistry of Tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5057-5191. [PMID: 30963764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinoline is one of the most important simple nitrogen heterocycles, being widespread in nature and present in a broad variety of pharmacologically active compounds. This Review summarizes the progress achieved in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines, with emphasis on their synthesis, during the period from mid-2010 to early 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isravel Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences , Central University of Jammu , Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) , District-Samba, Jammu 181143 , Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgańica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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19
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Cheng JT, Zheng X, Huang PQ. Construction of multifunctional heterocycles bearing aza-quaternary carbons by titanocene-catalyzed umpolung reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Leijendekker LH, Weweler J, Leuther TM, Kratzert D, Streuff J. Development, Scope, and Applications of Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Cyclizations to Aminated N-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:3382-3390. [PMID: 30615817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Tobias M. Leuther
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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21
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Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2018; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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22
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Streuff J, Himmel D, Younas SL. Understanding titanium-catalysed radical-radical reactions: a DFT study unravels the complex kinetics of ketone-nitrile couplings. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5072-5082. [PMID: 29561012 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The computational investigation of a titanium-catalysed reductive radical-radical coupling is reported. The results match the conclusions from an earlier experimental study and enable a further interpretation of the previously observed complex reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the interplay between neutral and cationic reaction pathways in titanium(iii)-catalysed reactions is investigated for the first time. The results show that hydrochloride additives and reaction byproducts play an important role in the respective equilibria. A full reaction profile is assembled and the computed activation barrier is found to be in reasonable agreement with the experiment. The conclusions are of fundamental importance to the field of low-valent titanium catalysis and the understanding of related catalytic radical-radical coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara L Younas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
A T-type calcium channel inhibiting natural product cochlearoid B was synthesized in 7 linear steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
- Green Chemistry and Process Laboratory
| | - Dehai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
- Green Chemistry and Process Laboratory
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
- Green Chemistry and Process Laboratory
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24
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van Leest NP, Epping RF, van Vliet KM, Lankelma M, van den Heuvel EJ, Heijtbrink N, Broersen R, de Bruin B. Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Zhai D, Chen L, Jia M, Ma S. One Pot Synthesis of γ-Benzopyranones via Iron-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation and Subsequent 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Catalyzed 6-endo
Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhai
- Research Center of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhu Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Minqiang Jia
- Research Center of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Research Center of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Zhejiang 310027 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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26
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Castro Rodríguez M, Rodríguez García I, Rodríguez Maecker RN, Pozo Morales L, Oltra JE, Rosales Martínez A. Cp2TiCl: An Ideal Reagent for Green Chemistry? Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Castro Rodríguez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Pozo Morales
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. Enrique Oltra
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosales Martínez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
- Petrochemical
Engineering, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, 050150 Latacunga, Ecuador
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27
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Leijendekker LH, Weweler J, Leuther TM, Streuff J. Katalytische reduktive Synthese und direkte Derivatisierung ungeschützter Aminoindole, Aminopyrrole und Iminoindoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Tobias M. Leuther
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
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28
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Leijendekker LH, Weweler J, Leuther TM, Streuff J. Catalytic Reductive Synthesis and Direct Derivatization of Unprotected Aminoindoles, Aminopyrroles, and Iminoindolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6103-6106. [PMID: 28444893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A titanium(III)-catalyzed radical cyclization to unprotected 3-aminoindoles, 3-aminopyrroles, or 3-iminoindolines is reported. The reaction is non-hazardous, scalable, and allows facile isolation of the free products by extraction. The method is demonstrated on a large substrate scope and it further allows the direct installation of various nitrogen protecting groups or the synthesis of building blocks for peptide chemistry in a single sequence. Fused bisindoles can be directly accessed from the cyclization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus H Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tobias M Leuther
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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29
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Leng L, Zhou X, Liao Q, Wang F, Song H, Zhang D, Liu X, Qin Y. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of
Kopsia
Indole Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Leng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Qi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Falu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
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30
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Leng L, Zhou X, Liao Q, Wang F, Song H, Zhang D, Liu X, Qin Y. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of
Kopsia
Indole Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3703-3707. [PMID: 28230294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Leng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Qi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Falu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
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31
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Abstract
Described herein is a catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-actinophyllic acid, with the key step being a chiral phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation between an imine and an allenoate to form a pyrroline intermediate in 99% yield and 94% ee. The synthesis also features CuI-catalyzed coupling between a ketoester and a 2-iodoindole to shape the tetrahydroazocine ring; intramolecular alkylative lactonization; SmI2-mediated intramolecular pinacol coupling between ketone and lactone subunits to assemble the complex skeleton of (-)-actinophyllic acid; and an unprecedented regioselective dehydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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32
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Li Y, Feng C, Shi H, Xu X. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Benzomorphan Derivatives via Tandem [5 + 1]/Hemiaminalization of (2-Aminoaryl)divinyl Ketones. Org Lett 2016; 18:324-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chengjie Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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33
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Kobayashi K, Nishikawa K, Nogi T. An Efficient Synthesis of 3-(Arylsulfanyl)quinolin-4(1H)-ones via Cyclization of N-{2-[2-(Arylsulfanyl)acetyl]phenyl}benzamides with N,N-Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Acetal. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Bichovski P, Haas TM, Keller M, Streuff J. Direct conjugate alkylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls by TiIII-catalysed reductive umpolung of simple activated alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5673-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The title reaction leads to 1,6-difunctionalized products without the requirement of premetallated reagents. Details on scope, selectivity and mechanism are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen Bichovski
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Thomas M. Haas
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Manfred Keller
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
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35
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Streuff J, Feurer M, Frey G, Steffani A, Kacprzak S, Weweler J, Leijendekker LH, Kratzert D, Plattner DA. Mechanism of the TiIII-Catalyzed Acyloin-Type Umpolung: A Catalyst-Controlled Radical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14396-405. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feurer
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Frey
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Steffani
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylwia Kacprzak
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar A. Plattner
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, ‡Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, and §Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Streuff J, Gansäuer A. Metal-Catalyzed β-Functionalization of Michael Acceptors through Reductive Radical Addition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14232-42. [PMID: 26471460 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed radical reactions are becoming increasingly important in modern organic chemistry. They offer fascinating and unconventional ways for connecting molecular fragments that are often complementary to traditional methods. In particular, reductive radical additions to α,β-unsaturated compounds have recently gained substantial attention as a result of their broad applicability in organic synthesis. This Minireview critically discusses the recent landmark achievements in this field in context with earlier reports that laid the foundation for today's developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany).
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
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37
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Streuff J, Gansäuer A. Metallkatalysierte β-Funktionalisierung von Michael-Akzeptoren über reduktive Radikaladditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Zheng X, He J, Li HH, Wang A, Dai XJ, Wang AE, Huang PQ. Titanocene(III)-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction of Secondary Amides, Aldehydes, and Electrophilic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13739-42. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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39
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Zheng X, He J, Li HH, Wang A, Dai XJ, Wang AE, Huang PQ. Titanocene(III)-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction of Secondary Amides, Aldehydes, and Electrophilic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Luu HT, Wiesler S, Frey G, Streuff J. A Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Reductive Umpolung Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,1-Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2015; 17:2478-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu-Trinh Luu
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Frey
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.
21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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41
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Frey G, Hausmann JN, Streuff J. Titanium-catalyzed reductive umpolung reactions with a metal-free terminal reducing agent. Chemistry 2015; 21:5693-6. [PMID: 25712472 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new method for titanium-catalyzed reductive umpolung reactions is reported that overcomes the traditional requirement for a stoichiometric metallic reductant. With N,N'-disilylated tetramethyldihydropyrazine as a potent organic reducing agent, reductive carbonyl-nitrile, enone-acrylonitrile and pinacol coupling reactions can be achieved in good yields and stereoselectivities. [Cp2TiI2] is a superior catalyst to [Cp2TiCl2], which is rationalized by a faster generation of the active catalyst [Cp2TiI]. A mechanism is proposed that is in agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 761-203-8715
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