1
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Goual N, Métivier R, Laurent G, Retailleau P, Nakatani K, Xie J. Tuning the Thermal Stability of Tetra-o-chloroazobenzene Derivatives by Transforming Push-Pull to Push-Push Systems. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401737. [PMID: 39224068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches provide interesting tools to reversibly control various biological functions with light. Thanks to its small size and easy introduction into the biomolecules, azobenzene derivatives have been widely employed in the field of photopharmacology. All visible-light switchable azobenzenes with controllable thermostability are highly demanded. Based on the reported tetra-o-chloroazobenzenes, we synthesized push-pull systems, by introducing dialkyl amine and nitro groups as strong electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the para-positions, and then transformed to push-push systems by a simple reduction step. The developed push-pull and push-push tetra-o-chloroazobenzene derivatives displayed excellent photoswitching properties, as previously reported. The half-life of the Z-isomers can be tuned from milliseconds for the push-pull system to several hours for the push-push system. The n-π* and π-π* transitions have better resolution in the push-push molecules, and excitation at different wavelengths can tune the E/Z ratio at the photostationary state. For one push-pull molecule, structure and absorption spectra obtained from theoretical calculations are compared with experimental data, along with data on the push-push counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Goual
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Guillaume Laurent
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Keitaro Nakatani
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Juan Xie
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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2
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Isokuortti J, Griebenow T, von Glasenapp JS, Raeker T, Filatov MA, Laaksonen T, Herges R, Durandin NA. Triplet sensitization enables bidirectional isomerization of diazocine with 130 nm redshift in excitation wavelengths. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9161-9166. [PMID: 37655019 PMCID: PMC10466275 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazocines are bridged azobenzenes with phenyl rings connected by a CH2-CH2 group. Despite this rather small structural difference, diazocine exhibits improved properties over azobenzene as a photoswitch and most importantly, its Z configuration is more stable than the E isomer. Herein, we reveal yet another unique feature of this emerging class of photoswitches. In striking contrast to azobenzenes and other photochromes, diazocine can be selectively switched in E → Z direction and most intriguingly from its thermodynamically stable Z to metastable E isomer upon successive excitation of two different triplet sensitizers present in solution at the same time. This approach leads to extraordinary large redshift of excitation wavelengths to perform isomerization i.e. from 400 nm blue to 530 nm green light (Z → E) and from 530 nm green to 740 nm far-red one (E → Z), which falls in the near-infrared window in biological tissue. Therefore, this work opens up of potential avenues for utilizing diazocines for example in photopharmacology, smart materials, light energy harvesting/storage devices, and out-of-equilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Isokuortti
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Thomas Griebenow
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan-Simon von Glasenapp
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Tim Raeker
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department for Theoretical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus Grangegorman Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Nikita A Durandin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
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3
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Sezgin B, Liu J, N. Gonçalves DP, Zhu C, Tilki T, Prévôt ME, Hegmann T. Controlling the Structure and Morphology of Organic Nanofilaments Using External Stimuli. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:295-309. [PMID: 37601923 PMCID: PMC10436377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In our continuing pursuit to generate, understand, and control the morphology of organic nanofilaments formed by molecules with a bent molecular shape, we here report on two bent-core molecules specifically designed to permit a phase or morphology change upon exposure to an applied electric field or irradiation with UV light. To trigger a response to an applied electric field, conformationally rigid chiral (S,S)-2,3-difluorooctyloxy side chains were introduced, and to cause a response to UV light, an azobenzene core was incorporated into one of the arms of the rigid bent core. The phase behavior as well as structure and morphology of the formed phases and nanofilaments were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, cross-polarized optical microscopy, circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry, as well as X-ray diffraction experiments. Both bent-core molecules were characterized by the coexistence of two nanoscale morphologies, specifically helical nanofilaments (HNFs) and layered nanocylinders, prior to exposure to an external stimulus and independent of the cooling rate from the isotropic liquid. The application of an electric field triggers the disappearance of crystalline nanofilaments and instead leads to the formation of a tilted smectic liquid crystal phase for the material featuring chiral difluorinated side chains, whereas irradiation with UV light results in the disappearance of the nanocylinders and the sole formation of HNFs for the azobenzene-containing material. Combined results of this experimental study reveal that in addition to controlling the rate of cooling, applied electric fields and UV irradiation can be used to expand the toolkit for structural and morphological control of suitably designed bent-core molecule-based structures at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Sezgin
- Department
of Chemistry, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Çünür, Turkey
- Advanced
Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
| | - Jiao Liu
- Advanced
Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
- Materials
Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
| | - Diana P. N. Gonçalves
- Advanced
Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State
University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Tahir Tilki
- Department
of Chemistry, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Çünür, Turkey
| | - Marianne E. Prévôt
- Advanced
Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced
Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
- Materials
Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State
University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
- Brain Health
Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 United States
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4
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Goual N, Casimiro L, Delattre V, Retailleau P, Maisonneuve S, Bogliotti N, Métivier R, Xie J, Marinetti A, Voituriez A. Triazonine-based bistable photoswitches: synthesis, characterization and photochromic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10079-10082. [PMID: 34514480 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02746h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We disclose here dibenzotriazonines as a new class of nine-membered cyclic azobenzenes displaying a nitrogen function in the saturated ring chain. The specific features of these compounds are (i) a preferred E-configuration, (ii) high bi-directional photoswitching and (iii) good thermal stability of both E- and Z-forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Goual
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France.
| | - Vincent Delattre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
| | - Stéphane Maisonneuve
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France.
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France.
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France.
| | - Juan Xie
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France.
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
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5
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Klockmann F, Fangmann C, Zender E, Schanz T, Catapano C, Terfort A. Substituted Dibenzodiazocines: Rapid Synthesis and Photochemical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18434-18441. [PMID: 34308074 PMCID: PMC8296553 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
11,12-Dihydrodibenzo[c,g]-1,2-diazocines have been established as a viable alternative to azobenzene for photoswitching, in particular, as they show an inverted switching behavior: the ground state is the Z isomer. In this paper, we present an improved method to obtain dibenzodiazocine and its derivatives from the respective 2-nitrotoluenes in two reaction steps, each proceeding in minutes. This fast access to a variety of derivatives permitted the study of substitution effects on the synthesis and on the photochemical properties. With biochemical applications in mind, methanol was chosen as a protic solvent system for the photochemical investigations. In contrast to the azobenzene system, none of the tested substitution patterns resulted in more efficient switching or in significantly prolonged half-lives, showing that the system is dominated by the ring strain.
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6
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Qi J, Liang XJ, Yoon J. Advances in Application of Azobenzene as a Trigger in Biomedicine: Molecular Design and Spontaneous Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007290. [PMID: 34028901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene is a well-known derivative of stimulus-responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications. The results of multiple studies have led to the development of light/hypoxia-responsive azobenzene for biomedical use. In recent years, long-wavelength-responsive azobenzene has been developed. Matching the longer wavelength absorption and hypoxia-response characteristics of the azobenzene switch unit to the bio-optical window results in a large and effective stimulus response. In addition, azobenzene has been used as a hypoxia-sensitive connector via biological cleavage under appropriate stimulus conditions. This has resulted in on/off state switching of properties such as pharmacology and fluorescence activity. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of azobenzene as a trigger in biomedicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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7
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Soldatenko AS, Lazareva NF. Cyclic hybrid compounds based on 1,3- and 1,5-dichlorosiloxanes and 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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9
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Poyer S, Choi CM, Deo C, Bogliotti N, Xie J, Dugourd P, Chirot F, Salpin JY. Kinetic study of azobenzene E/Z isomerization using ion mobility-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-UV detection. Analyst 2020; 145:4012-4020. [PMID: 32347851 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Z and E azobenzene isomers are molecular switches which can interconvert both photochemically and thermally. Presently, we studied a ketal-substituted bridged azobenzene in which two stable diastereomeric conformers (Z1 and Z2) photochemically interconvert through the transient E isomer. UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy is commonly used to study the relaxation kinetics of azobenzenes, but it does not allow direct quantitation of the process in this case. In the present paper, liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection (LC-UV) and ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) were combined to study the thermal back relaxation kinetics of the E isomer. LC separation of the three isomers was achieved in less than 10 minutes, allowing the characterization of the relatively slow thermal back relaxation kinetics at low temperature through UV detection. In addition, the faster E→Z thermal back relaxation at higher temperature was studied using IMS-MS, which allows shorter timescale separation than LC. Baseline separation of the two Z isomers was achieved in IMS-MS for [Z + Ag]+ ions, and their gas-phase conformations were determined by IRMPD experiments. Both IMS-MS and LC-UV methodologies succeeded to study the E→Z thermal back relaxation kinetics, and appeared to be complementary techniques. We show that the combination of the two techniques allows the characterization of the isomerization processes over a broad temperature range, and the determination of the associated thermodynamic observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Poyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
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10
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Maier MS, Hüll K, Reynders M, Matsuura BS, Leippe P, Ko T, Schäffer L, Trauner D. Oxidative Approach Enables Efficient Access to Cyclic Azobenzenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17295-17304. [PMID: 31584272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are versatile photoswitches that have found widespread use in a variety of fields, ranging from photopharmacology to the material sciences. In addition to regular azobenzenes, the cyclic diazocines have recently emerged. Although diazocines have fascinating conformational and photophysical properties, their use has been limited by their synthetic accessibility. Herein, we present a general, high-yielding protocol that relies on the oxidative cyclization of dianilines. In combination with a modular substrate synthesis, it allows for rapid access to diversely functionalized diazocines on gram scales. Our work systematically explores substituent effects on the photoisomerization and thermal relaxation of diazocines. It will enable their incorporation into a wide variety of functional molecules, unlocking the full potential of these emerging photoswitches. The method can be applied to the synthesis of a new cyclic azobenzene with a nine-membered central ring and distinct properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Martin Reynders
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Tongil Ko
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Lukas Schäffer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
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11
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Lentes P, Stadler E, Röhricht F, Brahms A, Gröbner J, Sönnichsen FD, Gescheidt G, Herges R. Nitrogen Bridged Diazocines: Photochromes Switching within the Near-Infrared Region with High Quantum Yields in Organic Solvents and in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13592-13600. [PMID: 31365240 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diazocines are bridged azobenzenes with superior photophysical properties. In contrast to azobenzenes the Z configuration is thermodynamically stable and the E isomer is metastable. We present a new class of nitrogen bridged diazocines with bathochromically shifted switching wavelengths and remarkably high quantum yields (-NH-CH2- bridged diazocine: ΦZ→E = 0.57, ΦE→Z = 0.8). Z to E isomerization is induced by irradiation with blue light, whereas switching back to the Z isomer is accomplished with light in the near-infrared window (up to 740 nm), which is important for medical applications like photopharmacology (deep tissue penetration). Furthermore, substitution at the bridging nitrogen should provide access to widely applicable tricyclic, photoswitchable pharmacophores. The -NAc-CH2- bridged derivative is soluble in water, and all photophysical properties (conversion rates, quantum yields, and thermal half-lives) are largely retained. Hence, this diazocine is an ideal photoswitch for applications in biochemical systems and in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lentes
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry , Christian Albrechts University Kiel , Otto Hahn Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Eduard Stadler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry , Christian Albrechts University Kiel , Otto Hahn Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry , Christian Albrechts University Kiel , Otto Hahn Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Jens Gröbner
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry , Christian Albrechts University Kiel , Otto Hahn Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry , Christian Albrechts University Kiel , Otto Hahn Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry , Christian Albrechts University Kiel , Otto Hahn Platz 4 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
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12
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Schehr M, Hugenbusch D, Moje T, Näther C, Herges R. Synthesis of mono-functionalized S-diazocines via intramolecular Baeyer-Mills reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2799-2804. [PMID: 30498529 PMCID: PMC6244113 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a reliable method to synthesize mono-functionalized S-diazocines in reproducible yields via intramolecular Baeyer-Mills reactions. Diazocines exhibit excellent photoswitchable properties. As opposed to azobenzenes they are more stable in their cis configuration. Particularly in photopharmacology mono-functionalized diazocines should be potentially useful and superior to the frequently used azobenzenes because the sterically more demanding cis configuration should be inactive, and the slender trans configuration should fit in a tight binding pocket of a receptor. Hence, it should be possible to administer the stabile inactive compound and switch it on at the site of illness with visible light. To date only a limited number of diazocine derivatives have been published of which most are symmetrically functionalized. Using the Baeyer-Mills reaction for the synthesis of diazocines opens a novel and convenient access to unsymmetrically substituted diazocines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schehr
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Hugenbusch
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Moje
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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13
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Geng WC, Sun H, Guo DS. Macrocycles containing azo groups: recognition, assembly and application. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Cardona M, Makuc D, Szaciłowski K, Plavec J, Magri DC. Water-Soluble Colorimetric Amino[ bis(ethanesulfonate)] Azobenzene pH Indicators: A UV-Vis Absorption, DFT, and 1H- 15N NMR Spectroscopy Study. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6159-6166. [PMID: 31457862 PMCID: PMC6644513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble azobenzene derivatives containing amino[bis(ethanesulfonate)] groups are demonstrated as colorful pH indicators in water and on filter paper. Vibrant color changes were observed from yellow/orange to pink between pH 1 and 4, which are attributed to an intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism. The pK as of the indicators range from 2.1 to 2.6. 1H/1H-15N NMR studies in deuterium oxide reveal that the protonation of the azobenzene pH indicators occurs predominantly at the β-azo nitrogen atom, in agreement with the density functional theory calculations. Excellent selectivity for protons was confirmed in water over common biologically relevant metal ions. Studies in methanol, however, indicate that the pH indicator with a methoxy group ortho to the amino[bis(ethanesulfonate)] group facilitates the selective coordination of Cu2+ with a binding constant pβCu2+ of 4.6 ± 0.1. The indicators complement the existing library of azobenzene indicator dyes and may be useful for measuring the environmental pH at higher proton concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
A. Cardona
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Konrad Szaciłowski
- Academic
Centre of Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David C. Magri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
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15
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Poyer S, Comby-Zerbino C, Choi CM, MacAleese L, Deo C, Bogliotti N, Xie J, Salpin JY, Dugourd P, Chirot F. Conformational Dynamics in Ion Mobility Data. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4230-4237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Poyer
- LAMBE,
Université Evry Val d’Essonne, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91025, Evry, France
| | - Clothilde Comby-Zerbino
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Deo
- PPSM,
ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94235 Cachan, France
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- PPSM,
ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94235 Cachan, France
| | - Juan Xie
- PPSM,
ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94235 Cachan, France
| | - Jean-Yves Salpin
- LAMBE,
Université Evry Val d’Essonne, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91025, Evry, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
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