1
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Lin Z, Ma S. Iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of silyl ethers to carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6272-6275. [PMID: 38808560 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Direct aerobic oxidation of silyl ethers to carboxylic acids has been developed. The mild reaction conditions lead to a broad range of functional group compatibility. Different types of silyl groups have been investigated and selective deprotective oxidation has been realized. The reaction could be conducted under air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuizhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
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2
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Kondengadan SM, Bansal S, Yang X, Wang B. Folate-conjugated organic CO prodrugs: Synthesis and CO release kinetic studies. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4213303. [PMID: 38659849 PMCID: PMC11042441 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213303/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous produced molecule and has shown efficacy in animal models of inflammation, organ injury, colitis and cancer metastasis. Because of its gaseous nature, there is a need for developing efficient CO delivery approaches, especially those capable of targeted delivery. In this study, we aim to take advantage of a previously reported approach of enrichment-triggered prodrug activation to achieve targeted delivery by targeting the folate receptor. The general idea is to exploit folate receptor-mediated enrichment as a way to accelerate a biomolecular Diels-Alder reaction for prodrug activation. In doing so, we first need to find ways to tune the reaction kinetics in order to ensure minimal rection without enrichment and optimal activation upon enrichment. In this feasibility study, we synthesized two diene-dienophile pairs and studied their reaction kinetics and ability to target the folate receptor. We found that folate conjugation significantly affects the reaction kinetics of the original diene-dienophile pairs. Such information will be very useful in future designs of similar targeted approaches of CO delivery.
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3
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Jézéquel YA, Svěrák F, Ramundo A, Orel V, Martínek M, Klán P. Structure-Photoreactivity Relationship Study of Substituted 3-Hydroxyflavones and 3-Hydroxyflavothiones for Improving Carbon Monoxide Photorelease. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4888-4903. [PMID: 38517741 PMCID: PMC11002828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is notorious for its toxic effects but is also recognized as a gasotransmitter with considerable therapeutic potential. Due to the inherent challenges in its delivery, the utilization of organic CO photoreleasing molecules (photoCORMs) represents an interesting alternative to CO administration characterized by high spatial and temporal precision of release. This paper focused on the design, synthesis, and photophysical and photochemical studies of 20 3-hydroxyflavone (flavonol) and 3-hydroxyflavothione derivatives as photoCORMs. Newly synthesized compounds bearing various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups show bathochromically shifted absorption maxima and considerably enhanced CO release yields compared to the parent unsubstituted flavonol, exceeding 0.8 equiv of released CO in derivatives exhibiting excited states with a charge-transfer character. Until now, such outcomes have been limited to flavonol derivatives possessing a π-extended aromatic system. In addition, thione analogs of flavonols, 3-hydroxyflavothiones, show substantial bathochromic shifts of their absorption maxima and enhanced photosensitivity but provide lower yields of CO formation. Our study elucidates in detail the mechanism of CO photorelease from flavonols and flavothiones, utilizing steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies and photoproduct analyses, with a particular emphasis on unraveling the structure-photoreactivity relationship and understanding competing side processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann A. Jézéquel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Filip Svěrák
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ramundo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Vojtěch Orel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Martínek
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
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4
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Su M, Ji X, Liu F, Li Z, Yan D. Chemical Strategies Toward Prodrugs and Fluorescent Probes for Gasotransmitters. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:300-329. [PMID: 37102481 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230427152234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Three gaseous molecules are widely accepted as important gasotransmitters in mammalian cells, namely NO, CO and H2S. Due to the pharmacological effects observed in preclinical studies, these three gasotransmitters represent promising drug candidates for clinical translation. Fluorescent probes of the gasotransmitters are also in high demand; however, the mechanisms of actions or the roles played by gasotransmitters under both physiological and pathological conditions remain to be answered. In order to bring these challenges to the attention of both chemists and biologists working in this field, we herein summarize the chemical strategies used for the design of both probes and prodrugs of these three gasotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou University, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Suzhou University, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Suzhou University, China
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou University, China
| | - Duanyang Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou University, China
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5
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Zhang D, Liu D, Wang C, Su Y, Zhang X. Nanoreactor-based catalytic systems for therapeutic applications: Principles, strategies, and challenges. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 322:103037. [PMID: 37931381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural catalytic compartments, various synthetic compartments that seclude catalytic reactions have been developed to understand complex multistep biosynthetic pathways, bestow therapeutic effects, or extend biosynthetic pathways in living cells. These emerging nanoreactors possessed many advantages over conventional biomedicine, such as good catalytic activity, specificity, and sustainability. In the past decade, a great number of efficient catalytic systems based on diverse nanoreactors (polymer vesicles, liposome, polymer micelles, inorganic-organic hybrid materials, MOFs, etc.) have been designed and employed to initiate in situ catalyzed chemical reactions for therapy. This review aims to present the recent progress in the development of catalytic systems based on nanoreactors for therapeutic applications, with a special emphasis on the principles and design strategies. Besides, the key components of nanoreactor-based catalytic systems, including nanocarriers, triggers or energy inputs, and products, are respectively introduced and discussed in detail. Challenges and prospects in the fabrication of therapeutic catalytic nanoreactors are also discussed as a conclusion to this review. We believe that catalytic nanoreactors will play an increasingly important role in modern biomedicine, with improved therapeutic performance and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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6
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Carneiro A, Santana L, Matos MJ. Oxidation-labile linkers for controlled drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129264. [PMID: 37004925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The continuous symbiosis throughout chemical biology and drug discovery has led to the design of innovative bifunctional molecules for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Among the different tools, protein-drug and peptide-drug conjugates are trend approaches to achieve targeted delivery, selectivity and efficacy. To meet the main goals of these bioconjugates, the selection of the appropriate payloads and linkers is crucial, as they must provide in vivo stability, while they may also help to achieve the therapeutic target and action. In neurodegenerative diseases or some cancer types, where oxidative stress plays an important role, linkers sensitive to oxidative conditions may be able to release the drug once the conjugate achieves the target. Considering specially this specific application, this mini-review covers the most relevant publications on oxidation-labile linkers.
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7
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Dong R, Yang X, Wang B, Ji X. Mutual leveraging of proximity effects and click chemistry in chemical biology. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:319-342. [PMID: 36177531 DOI: 10.1002/med.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nature has the remarkable ability to realize reactions under physiological conditions that normally would require high temperature and other forcing conditions. In doing so, often proximity effects such as simultaneous binding of two reactants in the same pocket and/or strategic positioning of catalytic functional groups are used as ways to achieve otherwise kinetically challenging reactions. Though true biomimicry is challenging, there have been many beautiful examples of how to leverage proximity effects in realizing reactions that otherwise would not readily happen under near-physiological conditions. Along this line, click chemistry is often used to endow proximity effects, and proximity effects are also used to further leverage the facile and bioorthogonal nature of click chemistry. This review brings otherwise seemingly unrelated topics in chemical biology and drug discovery under one unifying theme of mutual leveraging of proximity effects and click chemistry and aims to critically analyze the biomimicry use of such leveraging effects as powerful approaches in chemical biology and drug discovery. We hope that this review demonstrates the power of employing mutual leveraging proximity effects and click chemistry and inspires the development of new strategies that will address unmet needs in chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Yang X, Yuan Z, Lu W, Yang C, Wang M, Tripathi R, Fultz Z, Tan C, Wang B. De Novo Construction of Fluorophores via CO Insertion-Initiated Lactamization: A Chemical Strategy toward Highly Sensitive and Highly Selective Turn-On Fluorescent Probes for Carbon Monoxide. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:78-88. [PMID: 36548940 PMCID: PMC10287542 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies in the last few decades have led to the establishment of CO as an endogenous signaling molecule and subsequently to the exploration of CO's therapeutic roles. In the current state, there is a critical conundrum in CO-related research: the extensive knowledge of CO's biological effects and yet an insufficient understanding of the quantitative correlations between the CO concentration and biological responses of various natures. This conundrum is partially due to the difficulty in examining precise concentration-response relationships of a gaseous molecule. Another reason is the need for appropriate tools for the sensitive detection and concentration determination of CO in the biological system. We herein report a new chemical approach to the design of fluorescent CO probes through de novo construction of fluorophores by a CO insertion-initiated lactamization reaction, which allows for ultra-low background and exclusivity in CO detection. Two series of CO detection probes have been designed and synthesized using this strategy. Using these probes, we have extensively demonstrated their utility in quantifying CO in blood, tissue, and cell culture and in cellular imaging of CO from exogenous and endogenous sources. The probes described will enable many biology and chemistry labs to study CO's functions in a concentration-dependent fashion with very high sensitivity and selectivity. The chemical and design principles described will also be applicable in designing fluorescent probes for other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Ce Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Minjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Zach Fultz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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9
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Min Q, Ji X. Strategies toward Metal-Free Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs: An Update. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200500. [PMID: 36251749 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide is an important gasotransmitter in mammals, with pleiotropic therapeutic potential against a wide range of human diseases. However, clinical translation of CO is severely hampered by the lack of a reliable CO delivery form. The development of metal-free CO prodrugs is the key to resolving such delivery issues. Over the past three years, some new exciting progress has been made in this field. In this review, we highlight these advances and discuss related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
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10
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Kondengadan SM, Bansal S, Yang C, Liu D, Fultz Z, Wang B. Click chemistry and drug delivery: A bird’s-eye view. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1990-2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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11
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Kashfi K, Patel KK. Carbon monoxide and its role in human physiology: A brief historical perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115230. [PMID: 36027927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide is a molecule with notoriety in modern culture and extensive documentation regarding its toxic physiological effects, long predating its formal discovery in the 18th century. Upon its discovery as a molecule in 1772, subsequent investigations into its properties have provided mechanisms describing its toxicity and insights into its function as an endogenously produced molecule and as a therapeutic agent. This brief review aims to provide a historical perspective on this molecule and recognize research regarding its physiological functions and therapeutic applications, often overshadowed by its reputation as a lethal substance. Historicizing science is an acknowledgment of the pioneers and helps us better conceptualize the issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, USA.
| | - Kush K Patel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Opoku‐Damoah Y, Zhang R, Ta HT, Xu ZP. Therapeutic gas-releasing nanomedicines with controlled release: Advances and perspectives. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210181. [PMID: 37325503 PMCID: PMC10190986 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery has become one of the most popular approaches for maximising drug therapeutic potentials. With the notable improvements, a greater challenge hinges on the formulation of gasotransmitters with unique challenges that are not met in liquid and solid active ingredients. Gas molecules upon release from formulations for therapeutic purposes have not really been discussed extensively. Herein, we take a critical look at four key gasotransmitters, that is, carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), their possible modification into prodrugs known as gas-releasing molecules (GRMs), and their release from GRMs. Different nanosystems and their mediatory roles for efficient shuttling, targeting and release of these therapeutic gases are also reviewed extensively. This review thoroughly looks at the diverse ways in which these GRM prodrugs in delivery nanosystems are designed to respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli for sustained release. In this review, we seek to provide a succinct summary for the development of therapeutic gases into potent prodrugs that can be adapted in nanomedicine for potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Opoku‐Damoah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hang T. Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology CentreGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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13
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Ji X, Zhong Z. External stimuli-responsive gasotransmitter prodrugs: Chemistry and spatiotemporal release. J Control Release 2022; 351:81-101. [PMID: 36116579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters like nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide with unique pleiotropic pharmacological effects in mammals are an emerging therapeutic modality for different human diseases including cancer, infection, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, and inflammation; however, their clinical translation is hampered by the lack of a reliable delivery form, which delivers such gasotransmitters to the action site with precisely controlled dosage. The external stimuli-responsive prodrug strategy has shown tremendous potential in developing gasotransmitter prodrugs, which affords precise temporospatial control and better dose control compared with endogenous stimuli-sensitive prodrugs. The promising external stimuli employed for gasotransmitter activation range from photo, ultrasound, and bioorthogonal click chemistry to exogenous enzymes. Herein, we highlight the recent development of external stimuli-mediated decaging chemistry for the temporospatial delivery of gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and discuss the pros and cons of different designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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14
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Carbon monoxide in cell signaling and potential therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115231. [PMID: 35988734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Bell NT, Payne CM, Sammut IA, Larsen DS. Mechanistic Studies of Carbon Monoxide Release from Norborn‐2‐en‐7‐one CORMs. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Bell
- University of Otago - Dunedin Campus: University of Otago Chemistry NEW ZEALAND
| | | | - Ivan A Sammut
- University of Otago Pharmacology and Toxicology NEW ZEALAND
| | - David S Larsen
- University of Otago Chemistry Union Place WestPO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 9016 Dunedin NEW ZEALAND
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16
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Yuan Z, De La Cruz LK, Yang X, Wang B. Carbon Monoxide Signaling: Examining Its Engagement with Various Molecular Targets in the Context of Binding Affinity, Concentration, and Biologic Response. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:823-873. [PMID: 35738683 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been firmly established as an endogenous signaling molecule with a variety of pathophysiological and pharmacological functions, including immunomodulation, organ protection, and circadian clock regulation, among many others. In terms of its molecular mechanism(s) of action, CO is known to bind to a large number of hemoproteins with at least 25 identified targets, including hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome P450, soluble guanylyl cyclase, myeloperoxidase, and some ion channels with dissociation constant values spanning the range of sub-nM to high μM. Although CO's binding affinity with a large number of targets has been extensively studied and firmly established, there is a pressing need to incorporate such binding information into the analysis of CO's biologic response in the context of affinity and dosage. Especially important is to understand the reservoir role of hemoglobin in CO storage, transport, distribution, and transfer. We critically review the literature and inject a sense of quantitative assessment into our analyses of the various relationships among binding affinity, CO concentration, target occupancy level, and anticipated pharmacological actions. We hope that this review presents a picture of the overall landscape of CO's engagement with various targets, stimulates additional research, and helps to move the CO field in the direction of examining individual targets in the context of all of the targets and the concentration of available CO. We believe that such work will help the further understanding of the relationship of CO concentration and its pathophysiological functions and the eventual development of CO-based therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The further development of carbon monoxide (CO) as a therapeutic agent will significantly rely on the understanding of CO's engagement with therapeutically relevant targets of varying affinity. This review critically examines the literature by quantitatively analyzing the intricate relationships among targets, target affinity for CO, CO level, and the affinity state of carboxyhemoglobin and provide a holistic approach to examining the molecular mechanism(s) of action for CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Roth P, Suntrup L, Sarkar B, Schatzschneider U. IR spectroelectrochemistry of a heterobimetallic ferrocene-CORM. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Krukowska K, Magierowski M. Carbon monoxide (CO)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in gastrointestinal tumors pathophysiology and pharmacology - possible anti- and pro-cancer activities. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115058. [PMID: 35490732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers pose a significant pharmacological challenge for researchers in terms of the discovery of molecular agents and the development of targeted therapies. Although many ongoing clinical trials have brought new perspectives, there is still a lack of successful long-term treatment. Several novel pharmacological and molecular agents are being studied in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers. On the other hand, pharmacological tools designed to release an endogenous gaseous mediator, carbon monoxide (CO), were shown to prevent the gastric mucosa against various types of injuries and exert therapeutic properties in the treatment of GI pathologies. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the role of CO and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) as a CO producing enzyme in the pathophysiology of GI tumors. We focused on a beneficial role of HO-1 and CO in biological systems and common pathological conditions. We further discussed the complex and ambiguous function of the HO-1/CO pathway in cancer cells with a special emphasis on molecular and cellular pro-cancerous and anti-cancer mechanisms. We also focused on the role that HO-1/CO plays in GI cancers, especially within upper parts such as esophagus or stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Krukowska
- Cellular Engineering and Isotope Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Cellular Engineering and Isotope Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland.
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19
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Lazarus L, Dederich CT, Anderson SN, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. Flavonol-Based Carbon Monoxide Delivery Molecule with Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, And Lysosome Localization. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:236-242. [PMID: 35178180 PMCID: PMC8842101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-triggered carbon monoxide (CO) delivery molecules are of significant current interest for evaluating the role of CO in biology and as potential therapeutics. Herein we report the first example of a metal free CO delivery molecule that can be tracked via confocal microscopy at low micromolar concentrations in cells prior to CO release. The NEt2-appended extended flavonol (4) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Subcellular localization of 4 results in CO-induced toxicity effects that are distinct as compared to a nonlocalized analog. Anti-inflammatory effects of 4, as measured by TNF-α suppression, occur at the nanomolar level in the absence of CO release, and are enhanced with visible-light-induced CO release. Overall, the highly trackable nature of 4 enables studies of the biological effects of both a localized flavonol and CO release at low micromolar to nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia
S. Lazarus
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - C. Taylor Dederich
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Stephen N. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department
of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States,
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20
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Pei S, Li JB, Wang Z, Xie Y, Chen J, Wang H, Sun L. A CORM loaded nanoplatform for single NIR light-activated bioimaging, gas therapy, and photothermal therapy in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9213-9220. [PMID: 34698754 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01561c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, which sheds light on a potential alternative for cancer treatment. However, the existing CO-based compounds are inherently limited by their chemical nature, such as high biological toxicity and uncontrolled CO release. Therefore, a nanoplatform - UmPF - that addresses such pain points is urgently in demand. In this study, we have proposed a nanoplatform irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) light to release CO. Iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) was loaded in the mesoporous polydopamine layer that was coated on rare-earth upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). The absorption wavelength of Fe(CO)5 overlaps with the emission bands of the UCNPs in the UV-visible light range, and therefore the emissions from the UCNPs can be used to incite Fe(CO)5 to control the release of CO. Besides, the catechol groups, which are abundant in the polydopamine structure, serve as an ideal locating spot to chelate with Fe(CO)5; in the meantime, the mesoporous structure of the polydopamine layer improves the loading efficiency of Fe(CO)5 and reduces its biological toxicity. The photothermal effect (PTT) of the polydopamine layer is highly controllable by adjusting the external laser intensity, irradiation time and the thickness of the polydopamine layer. The results illustrate that the combination of CO gas therapy (GT) and polydopamine PTT brought by the final nanoplatform can be synergistic in killing cancer cells in vitro. More importantly, the possible toxic side effects can be effectively prevented from affecting the organism, since CO will not be released in this system without near-infrared light radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Pei
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jia-Bei Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea & Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiabo Chen
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Lining Sun
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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21
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Dugbartey GJ. Emerging role of carbon monoxide in intestinal transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112237. [PMID: 34649361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation has become an established therapeutic option that provides improved quality of life to patients with end-stage intestinal failure when total parenteral nutrition fails. Whereas this challenging life-saving intervention has shown exceptional growth over the past decade, illustrating the evolution of this complex and technical procedure from its preclinical origin in the mid-20th century to become a routine clinical practice today with several recent innovations, its success is hampered by multiple hurdles including technical challenges such as surgical manipulation during intestinal graft procurement, graft preservation and reperfusion damage, resulting in poor graft quality, graft rejection, post-operative infectious complications, and ultimately negatively impacting long-term recipient survival. Therefore, strategies to improve current intestinal transplantation protocol may have a significant impact on post-transplant outcomes. Carbon monoxide (CO), previously considered solely as a toxic gas, has recently been shown to be a physiological signaling molecule at low physiological concentrations with therapeutic potentials that could overcome some of the challenges in intestinal transplantation. This review discusses recent knowledge about CO in intestinal transplantation, the underlying molecular mechanisms of protection during intestinal graft procurement, preservation, transplantation and post-transplant periods. A section of the review also discusses clinical translation of CO and its challenges in the field of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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22
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Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang B. Redox and catalase-like activities of four widely used carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CO-RMs). Chem Sci 2021; 12:13013-13020. [PMID: 34745532 PMCID: PMC8513939 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological roles of the endogenous signaling molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), have been extensively studied and validated in cell culture and animal models. Further, evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of CO in various human diseases has been mounting over the last two decades. Along this line, there has been intensive interest in developing various delivery forms including CO gas, CO in solution, metal–carbonyl complexes widely known as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), and organic CO prodrugs. Among them, two ruthenium-based carbonyl complexes, CORM-2 and -3, occupy a very special place because they have been used in over 500 published studies. One of the mechanisms for CO's actions is known to be through attenuation of oxidative stress and regulation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this reason, it is important that CO delivery forms do not have intrinsic chemical redox properties. Herein, we describe our findings of catalase-like activities of CORM-2 and -3 in a CO-independent fashion, leading to the rapid degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) and in cell culture media. Further, we have found that CORM-2 and CORM-3 possess potent radical scavenging abilities. We have also studied two other widely used CO donors: CORM-401 and CORM-A1. Both showed chemical reactivity with ROS, but to a lesser degree than CORM-2 and -3. Because of the central role of ROS in some of the proposed mechanisms of actions for CO biology, the discovery of intrinsic chemical redox properties for these CO-RMs means that additional attention in designing proper controls is needed in future biological experiments using these CO-RMs for their CO-donating functions. Further, much more work is needed to understand the true implications of the chemical reactivity of these CO-RMs in cell-culture and animal-model studies of CO biology. Four CO-releasing molecules are found to degrade H2O2 and free radicals either catalytically (CORM-2 and -3) or through direct reactions (CORM-401 and -A1) in solution under near-physiological conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA
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23
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Yang X, Lu W, Wang M, Tan C, Wang B. "CO in a pill": Towards oral delivery of carbon monoxide for therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2021; 338:593-609. [PMID: 34481027 PMCID: PMC8526413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Along with the impressive achievements in understanding the endogenous signaling roles and mechanism(s) of action of carbon monoxide (CO), much research has demonstrated the potential of using CO as a therapeutic agent for treating various diseases. Because of CO's toxicity at high concentrations and the observed difference in toxicity profiles of CO depending on the route of administration, this review analyzes and presents the benefits of developing orally active CO donors. Such compounds have the potential for improved safety profiles, enhancing the chance for developing CO-based therapeutics. In this review, the difference between inhalation and oral administration in terms of toxicity, CO delivery efficiency, and the potential mechanism(s) of action is analyzed. The evolution from CO gas inhalation to oral administration is also extensively analyzed by summarizing published studies up to date. The concept of "CO in a pill" can be achieved by oral administration of novel formulations of CO gas or appropriate CO donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Minjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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24
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Dugbartey GJ, Alornyo KK, Luke PPW, Sener A. Application of carbon monoxide in kidney and heart transplantation: A novel pharmacological strategy for a broader use of suboptimal renal and cardiac grafts. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105883. [PMID: 34525329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) was historically regarded solely as a poisonous gas that binds to hemoglobin and reduces oxygen-carrying capacity of blood at high concentrations. However, recent findings show that it is endogenously produced in mammalian cells as a by-product of heme degradation by heme oxygenase, and has received a significant attention as a medical gas that influences a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. At low physiological concentrations, CO exhibits several therapeutic properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, anti-thrombotic, anti-proliferative and vasodilatory properties, making it a candidate molecule that could protect organs in various pathological conditions including cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in kidney and heart transplantation. Cold IRI is a well-recognized and complicated cascade of interconnected pathological pathways that poses a significant barrier to successful outcomes after kidney and heart transplantation. A substantial body of preclinical evidence demonstrates that CO gas and CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) prevent cold IRI in renal and cardiac grafts through several molecular and cellular mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in research involving the use of CO as a novel pharmacological strategy to attenuate cold IRI in preclinical models of kidney and heart transplantation through its administration to the organ donor prior to organ procurement or delivery into organ preservation solution during cold storage and to the organ recipient during reperfusion and after transplantation. We also discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of cyto- and organ protection by CO during transplantation, and suggest its clinical use in the near future to improve long-term transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick P W Luke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Alp Sener
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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25
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Dugbartey GJ. Carbon monoxide as an emerging pharmacological tool to improve lung and liver transplantation protocols. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114752. [PMID: 34487717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been considered purely as a toxic gas. It binds to hemoglobin at high concentrations and displaces oxygen from its binding site, resulting in carboxyhemoglobin formation, which reduces oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and culminates in tissue hypoxia and its associated complications. Recently, however, CO is quickly moving past its historic notorious tag as a poisonous gas to a physiological signaling molecule with therapeutic potentials in several clinical situations including transplant-induced injury. This review discusses current knowledge of CO gas and CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in preclinical models of lung and liver transplantation, and underlying molecular mechanisms of cyto- and organ protection during organ procurement, preservation, implantation and post-transplant periods. In addition, a discussion of the future of CO in clinical organ transplantation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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26
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Gong W, Xia C, He Q. Therapeutic gas delivery strategies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1744. [PMID: 34355863 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gas molecules with pharmaceutical effects offer emerging solutions to diseases. In addition to traditional medical gases including O2 and NO, more gases such as H2 , H2 S, SO2 , and CO have recently been discovered to play important roles in various diseases. Though some issues need to be addressed before clinical application, the increasing attention to gas therapy clearly indicates the potentials of these gases for disease treatment. The most important and difficult part of developing gas therapy systems is to transport gas molecules of high diffusibility and penetrability to interesting targets. Given the particular importance of gas molecule delivery for gas therapy, distinguished strategies have been explored to improve gas delivery efficiency and controllable gas release. Here, we summarize the strategies of therapeutic gas delivery for gas therapy, including direct gas molecule delivery by chemical and physical absorption, inorganic/organic/hybrid gas prodrugs, and natural/artificial/hybrid catalyst delivery for gas generation. The advantages and shortcomings of these gas delivery strategies are analyzed. On this basis, intelligent gas delivery strategies and catalysts use in future gas therapy are discussed. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianjun He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Click, release, and fluoresce: In-vivo generation of CO with concomitant synthesis of a fluorescent reporter. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116297. [PMID: 34243045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivering a therapeutically active gaseous molecule represents very unique challenges in terms of both precise dosing and concentration assessment. To overcome these obstacles, there have been recent reports of using prodrug approaches for the in-vitro and in-vivo generation of carbon monoxide (CO), which is an endogenous signaling molecule with validated therapeutic efficacy in a range of animal models. Some key components of these approaches include the use of a hydrophobicity-driven Diels-Alder reaction under physiological conditions followed by a cheletropic reaction of the corresponding norbornadien-7-one intermediate, leading to extrusion of CO. With proper design, the same approach also leads to the formation of a fluorescent reporter, allowing for quantitative assessment of the amount of CO released. All these allow for a strategy of "click, release, and fluoresce" in delivering a precise dose of carbon monoxide with the ability to "self-report" delivery quantity and efficiency. This strategy has also been further refined to construct a CO delivery platform with additional functionalities such as bioorthogonal labeling, targeting, triggered release, and simultaneously delivery of more than one payload. This review highlights recent developments in this area.
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28
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Wang J, Wang X, Fan X, Chen PR. Unleashing the Power of Bond Cleavage Chemistry in Living Systems. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:929-943. [PMID: 34235254 PMCID: PMC8227596 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal cleavage chemistry has been rapidly emerging as a powerful tool for manipulation and gain-of-function studies of biomolecules in living systems. While the initial bond formation-centered bioorthogonal reactions have been widely adopted for labeling, tracing, and capturing biomolecules, the newly developed bond cleavage-enabled bioorthogonal reactions have opened new possibilities for rescuing small molecules as well as biomacromolecules in living systems, allowing multidimensional controls over biological processes in vitro and in vivo. In this Outlook, we first summarized the development and applications of bioorthogonal cleavage reactions (BCRs) that restore the functions of chemical structures as well as more complex networks, including the liberation of prodrugs, release of bioconjugates, and in situ reactivation of intracellular proteins. As we embarked on this fruitful progress, we outlined the unmet scientific needs and future directions along this exciting avenue. We believe that the potential of BCRs will be further unleashed when combined with other frontier technologies, such as genetic code expansion and proximity-enabled chemical labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng R. Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking−Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Yang X, Lu W, Hopper CP, Ke B, Wang B. Nature's marvels endowed in gaseous molecules I: Carbon monoxide and its physiological and therapeutic roles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1434-1445. [PMID: 34221861 PMCID: PMC8245769 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O2, CO2, CO, NO, H2S, and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life, from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life's physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular functions. In this article, we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of molecules. The past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO's mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy administration. One remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels, except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. This review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Christopher P. Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria 97080, Germany
| | - Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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30
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Yuan Z, Yang X, Ye Y, Tripathi R, Wang B. Chemical Reactivities of Two Widely Used Ruthenium-Based CO-Releasing Molecules with a Range of Biologically Important Reagents and Molecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5317-5326. [PMID: 33745269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), CORM-2 and CORM-3, have been widely used as surrogates of CO for studying its biological effects in vitro and in vivo with much success. However, several previous solution-phase and in vitro studies have revealed the ability of such CO-RMs to chemically modify proteins and reduce aromatic nitro groups due to their intrinsic chemical reactivity under certain conditions. In our own work of studying the cytoprotective effects of CO donors, we were in need of assessing chemical factors that could impact the interpretation of results from CO donors including CORM-2,3 in various in vitro assays. For this, we examined the effects of CORM-2,3 toward representative reagents commonly used in various bioassays including resazurin, tetrazolium salts, nitrites, and azide-based H2S probes. We have also examined the effect of CORM-2,3 on glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which is a very important redox regulator. Our studies show the ability of these CO-RMs to induce a number of chemical and/or spectroscopic changes for several commonly used biological reagents under near-physiological conditions. These reactions/spectroscopic changes cannot be duplicated with CO-deleted CO-RMs (iCORMs), which are often used as negative controls. Furthermore, both CORM-2 and -3 are capable of consuming and reducing GSSG in solution. We hope that the results described will help in the future design of control experiments using Ru-based CO-RMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuqian Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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31
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Bakalarz D, Surmiak M, Yang X, Wójcik D, Korbut E, Śliwowski Z, Ginter G, Buszewicz G, Brzozowski T, Cieszkowski J, Głowacka U, Magierowska K, Pan Z, Wang B, Magierowski M. Organic carbon monoxide prodrug, BW-CO-111, in protection against chemically-induced gastric mucosal damage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:456-475. [PMID: 33643824 PMCID: PMC7893125 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties maintaining gastric mucosal integrity. We are interested in further development of metal-free CO-based therapeutics for oral administration. Thus, we examine the protective effect of representative CO prodrug, BW-CO-111, in rat models of gastric damage induced by necrotic ethanol or aspirin, a representative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by measuring the microscopic/macroscopic gastric damage area and gastric blood flow by laser flowmetry. Gastric mucosal mRNA and/or protein expressions of HMOX1, HMOX2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, COX1, COX2, iNos, Anxa1 and serum contents of TGFB1, TGFB2, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and GM-CSF were determined. CO content in gastric mucosa was assessed by gas chromatography. Pretreatment with BW-CO-111 (0.1 mg/kg, i.g.) increased gastric mucosal content of CO and reduced gastric lesions area in both models followed by increased GBF. These protective effects of the CO prodrug were supported by changes in expressions of molecular biomarkers. However, because the pathomechanisms of gastric damage differ between topical administration of ethanol and aspirin, the possible protective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BW-CO-111 may be somewhat different in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bakalarz
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow 31-033, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Edyta Korbut
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Śliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Urszula Głowacka
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow 31-531, Poland
- Corresponding authors.
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32
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Yang XX, Ke BW, Lu W, Wang BH. CO as a therapeutic agent: discovery and delivery forms. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:284-295. [PMID: 32402406 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as one of the three important endogenously produced signaling molecules, termed as "gasotransmitter," has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for treating various inflammation and cellular-stress related diseases. In this review, we discussed CO's evolution from a well-recognized toxic gas to a signaling molecule, and the effort to develop different approaches to deliver it for therapeutic application. We also summarize recently reported chemistry towards different CO delivery forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo-Wen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bing-He Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA.
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Deb T, Tu J, Franzini RM. Mechanisms and Substituent Effects of Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6850-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titas Deb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Wang M, Yang X, Pan Z, Wang Y, De La Cruz LK, Wang B, Tan C. Towards "CO in a pill": Pharmacokinetic studies of carbon monoxide prodrugs in mice. J Control Release 2020; 327:174-185. [PMID: 32745568 PMCID: PMC7606817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known endogenous signaling molecule with potential therapeutic indications in treating inflammation, cancer, neuroprotection, and sickle cell disease among many others. One of the hurdles in using CO as a therapeutic agent is the development of pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms for various indications. Along this line, we have developed organic CO prodrugs that allow for packing this gaseous molecule into a dosage form for the goal of "carbon monoxide in a pill." This should enable non-inhalation administration including oral and intravenous routes. These prodrugs have previously demonstrated efficacy in multiple animal models. To further understand the CO delivery efficiency of these prodrugs in relation to their efficacy, we undertook the first pharmacokinetic studies on these prodrugs. In doing so, we selected five representative prodrugs with different CO release kinetics and examined their pharmacokinetics after administration via oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. It was found that all three routes were able to elevate systemic CO level with delivery efficiency in the order of intravenous, oral, and intraperitoneal routes. CO prodrugs and their CO-released products were readily cleared from the circulation. CO prodrugs demonstrate promising pharmaceutical properties in terms of oral CO delivery and minimal drug accumulation in the body. This represents the very first study of the interplay among CO release kinetics, CO prodrug clearance, route of administration, and CO delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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Hopper CP, De La Cruz LK, Lyles KV, Wareham LK, Gilbert JA, Eichenbaum Z, Magierowski M, Poole RK, Wollborn J, Wang B. Role of Carbon Monoxide in Host-Gut Microbiome Communication. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13273-13311. [PMID: 33089988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nature is full of examples of symbiotic relationships. The critical symbiotic relation between host and mutualistic bacteria is attracting increasing attention to the degree that the gut microbiome is proposed by some as a new organ system. The microbiome exerts its systemic effect through a diverse range of metabolites, which include gaseous molecules such as H2, CO2, NH3, CH4, NO, H2S, and CO. In turn, the human host can influence the microbiome through these gaseous molecules as well in a reciprocal manner. Among these gaseous molecules, NO, H2S, and CO occupy a special place because of their widely known physiological functions in the host and their overlap and similarity in both targets and functions. The roles that NO and H2S play have been extensively examined by others. Herein, the roles of CO in host-gut microbiome communication are examined through a discussion of (1) host production and function of CO, (2) available CO donors as research tools, (3) CO production from diet and bacterial sources, (4) effect of CO on bacteria including CO sensing, and (5) gut microbiome production of CO. There is a large amount of literature suggesting the "messenger" role of CO in host-gut microbiome communication. However, much more work is needed to begin achieving a systematic understanding of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Hopper
- Institute for Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria DE 97080, Germany.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kristin V Lyles
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- The Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zehava Eichenbaum
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Cellular Engineering and Isotope Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow PL 31-531, Poland
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg DE 79085, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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36
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Stucki D, Stahl W. Carbon monoxide – beyond toxicity? Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:251-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Use of Hemoglobin for Delivering Exogenous Carbon Monoxide in Medicinal Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2949-2963. [PMID: 30421669 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181113122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO), at low concentrations, can have a variety of positive effects on the body including anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative effects. Although CO has great potential for use as a potent medical bioactive gas, for it to exist in the body in stable form, it must be associated with a carrier. Hemoglobin (Hb) represents a promising material for use as a CO carrier because most of the total CO in the body is stored associated with Hb in red blood cells (RBC). Attempts have been made to develop an Hb-based CO carrying system using RBC and Hb-based artificial oxygen carriers. Some of these have been reported to be safe and to have therapeutic value as a CO donor in preclinical and clinical studies. In the present review, we overview the potential of RBC and Hb-based artificial oxygen carriers as CO carriers based on the currently available literature evidence for their use in pharmaceutical therapy against intractable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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38
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Yang X, de Caestecker M, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Carbon monoxide: An emerging therapy for acute kidney injury. Med Res Rev 2020. [PMID: 31820474 DOI: 10.1012/med.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Treating acute kidney injury (AKI) represents an important unmet medical need both in terms of the seriousness of this medical problem and the number of patients. There is also a large untapped market opportunity in treating AKI. Over the years, there has been much effort in search of therapeutics with minimal success. However, over the same time period, new understanding of the underlying pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of kidney injury have undoubtedly helped the search for new therapeutics. Along this line, carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent because of its demonstrated cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. CO has also been shown to sensitize cancer, but not normal cells, to chemotherapy. This is particularly important in treating cisplatin-induced AKI, a common clinical problem that develops in patients receiving cisplatin therapies for a number of different solid organ malignancies. This review will examine and make the case that CO be developed into a therapeutic agent against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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39
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Stucki D, Krahl H, Walter M, Steinhausen J, Hommel K, Brenneisen P, Stahl W. Effects of frequently applied carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) in typical CO-sensitive model systems - A comparative in vitro study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108383. [PMID: 32335048 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous signaling molecule and is generated enzymatically by heme oxygenases upon degradation of heme to billiverdin. Target structures for intracellular produced CO are heme proteins including cytochrome c oxidase of the respiratory chain, cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, or myoglobin. For studies on CO signaling, CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) of different structure are available. Here, three frequently used CORMs (CORM-2, CORM-3 and CORM-401) were studied for their properties to provide CO in biological test systems and address susceptible heme proteins. CO release was investigated in the myoglobin binding assay and found to be rapid (<5 min) with CORM-2- and CORM-3, whereas CORM-401 continuously provided CO (>50 min). Storage stability of CORM stock solutions was also assessed with the myoglobin assay. Only CORM-401 stock solutions were stable over a period of 7 days. Incubation of CORMs with recombinant cytochrome P450 led to an inhibition of enzyme activity. However, only CORM-3 and CORM-401 proved to be suitable in this test system because controls with the inactivated CORM-2 (iCORM-2) also led to a loss of enzyme activity. The impact of CORMs on the respiratory chain was investigated with high resolution respirometry and extracellular flux technology. In the first approach interferences of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with oxygen measurement occurred, since a rapid depletion of oxygen was detected in the medium even when no cells were present. However, CORM-401 did not interfere with oxygen measurement and the expected inhibition of cellular respiration was observed. CORM-2 was not suitable for use in oxygen measurements with the extracellular flux technology and CORM-3 application did not show any effect in this system. However, CO-dependent inhibition of cellular respiration was observed with CORM-401. Based on the present experiments it is concluded, that CORM-401 produced most reliable CO-specific results for the modulation of typical CO targets. For studies on CO-dependent biological effects on intracellular heme groups, CORM-2 and CORM-3 were less suitable. Depending on the experimental setting, data achieved with these compounds should be evaluated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heide Krahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhausen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Hommel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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40
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Carbon Monoxide Being Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide Molecular Sibling, as Endogenous and Exogenous Modulator of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Mechanisms in the Digestive System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5083876. [PMID: 32377300 PMCID: PMC7180415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5083876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants capable of evoking tissue damage. Like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous mediator recently implicated in the physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CO is produced in mammalian tissues as a byproduct of heme degradation catalyzed by the heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes. Among the three enzymatic isoforms, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced under conditions of oxidative stress or tissue injury and plays a beneficial role in the mechanism of protection against inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and many other injuries. According to recently published data, increased endogenous CO production by inducible HO-1, its delivery by novel pharmacological CO-releasing agents, or even the direct inhalation of CO has been considered a promising alternative in future experimental and clinical therapies against various GI disorders. However, the exact mechanisms underlying behind these CO-mediated beneficial actions are not fully explained and experimental as well as clinical studies on the mechanism of CO-induced protection are awaited. For instance, in a variety of experimental models related to gastric mucosal damage, HO-1/CO pathway and CO-releasing agents seem to prevent gastric damage mainly by reduction of lipid peroxidation and/or increased level of enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Many studies have also revealed that HO-1/CO can serve as a potential defensive pathway against oxidative stress observed in the liver and pancreas. Moreover, increased CO levels after treatment with CO donors have been reported to protect the gut against formation of acute GI lesions mainly by the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the antioxidative activity. In this review, we focused on the role of H2S and NO molecular sibling, CO/HO pathway, and therapeutic potential of CO-releasing pharmacological tools in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced damage within the GI tract with a special emphasis on the esophagus, stomach, and intestines and also two solid and important metabolic abdominal organs, the liver and pancreas.
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41
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Yang X, de Caestecker M, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Carbon monoxide: An emerging therapy for acute kidney injury. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1147-1177. [PMID: 31820474 DOI: 10.1002/med.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treating acute kidney injury (AKI) represents an important unmet medical need both in terms of the seriousness of this medical problem and the number of patients. There is also a large untapped market opportunity in treating AKI. Over the years, there has been much effort in search of therapeutics with minimal success. However, over the same time period, new understanding of the underlying pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of kidney injury have undoubtedly helped the search for new therapeutics. Along this line, carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent because of its demonstrated cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. CO has also been shown to sensitize cancer, but not normal cells, to chemotherapy. This is particularly important in treating cisplatin-induced AKI, a common clinical problem that develops in patients receiving cisplatin therapies for a number of different solid organ malignancies. This review will examine and make the case that CO be developed into a therapeutic agent against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
Gas-involving cancer theranostics have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high therapeutic efficacy and biosafety. We have reviewed the recent significant advances in the development of stimuli-responsive gas releasing molecules (GRMs) and gas nanogenerators for cancer bioimaging, targeted and controlled gas therapy, and gas-sensitized synergistic therapy. We have focused on gases with known anticancer effects, such as oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen (H2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and heavy gases that act via the gas-generating process. The GRMs and gas nanogenerators for each gas have been described in terms of the stimulation method, followed by their applications in ultrasound and multimodal imaging, and finally their primary and synergistic actions with other cancer therapeutic modalities. The current challenges and future possibilities of gas therapy and imaging vis-à-vis clinical translation have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , P.R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , P.R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P.R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P.R. China
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43
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Feng W, Feng S, Feng G. CO release with ratiometric fluorescence changes: a promising visible-light-triggered metal-free CO-releasing molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8987-8990. [PMID: 31290868 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first visible-light-triggered metal-free and ratiometric fluorescent CORM is reported. This CORM can be used to release CO with distinct ratiometric fluorescence changes in aqueous solution, living cells, zebrafish, and mice, which provided an excellent controllable and trackable CORM for living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Shumin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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44
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Ji X, Aghoghovbia RE, De La Cruz LKC, Pan Z, Yang X, Yu B, Wang B. Click and Release: A High-Content Bioorthogonal Prodrug with Multiple Outputs. Org Lett 2019; 21:3649-3652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Robert E. Aghoghovbia
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ladie Kimberly C. De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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45
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Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions that proceed readily under physiological conditions without interference from biomolecules have found widespread application in the life sciences. Complementary to the bioorthogonal reactions that ligate two molecules, reactions that release a molecule or cleave a linker are increasingly attracting interest. Such dissociative bioorthogonal reactions have a broad spectrum of uses, for example, in controlling bio-macromolecule activity, in drug delivery, and in diagnostic assays. This review article summarizes the developed bioorthogonal reactions linked to a release step, outlines representative areas of the applications of such reactions, and discusses aspects that require further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Raphael M Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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46
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Ji X, Pan Z, Li C, Kang T, De La Cruz LKC, Yang L, Yuan Z, Ke B, Wang B. Esterase-Sensitive and pH-Controlled Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs for Treating Systemic Inflammation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3163-3168. [PMID: 30816714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck for developing CO-based therapeutics is the lack of a safe and controllable delivery form. Herein, we describe efforts toward organic CO prodrugs with dual-responsive endogenous triggers. One representative CO prodrug showed significant anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in a LPS-simulated systemic inflammation model. These results firmly establish such CO prodrugs as either research tools or candidate compounds for the treatment of systemic inflammation or inflammation related organ injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215021 , China
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Chunjie Li
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Ting Kang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Ladie Kimberly C De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
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47
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Soboleva T, Berreau LM. Tracking CO release in cells via the luminescence of donor molecules and/or their by-products. Isr J Chem 2019; 59:339-350. [PMID: 31516159 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a bioactive signalling molecule that is produced endogenously via the breakdown of heme. Beneficial health effects associated with the delivery of CO gas have spurred the development of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) that can be used to provide specific amounts of the gas. In addition to their potential use as therapeutics, CORMs are needed to provide insight into the biological targets of CO. In this regard, light-activated CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs), are valuable for examining the effects of localized CO release. Herein we examine luminescent CORMs and photoCORMs that have been reported for tracking CO delivery in cells. A variety of motifs are available that exhibit differing luminescence properties and cover a wide range of wavelengths. Trackable CO donors have been successfully applied to targeting CO delivery to mitochondria, thus demonstrating the feasibility of using such molecules in detailed investigations of the biological roles of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Soboleva
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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48
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Ji X, Pan Z, Yu B, De La Cruz LK, Zheng Y, Ke B, Wang B. Click and release: bioorthogonal approaches to “on-demand” activation of prodrugs. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1077-1094. [PMID: 30724944 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in using bioorthogonal chemistry in prodrug design for the delivery of traditional small molecule- and gasotransmitter-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Translational Neuroscience Center
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Translational Neuroscience Center
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
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49
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Larsen EM, Johnson RJ. Microbial esterases and ester prodrugs: An unlikely marriage for combating antibiotic resistance. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:33-47. [PMID: 30302779 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates the search for new platforms for drug development. Prodrugs are common tools for overcoming drawbacks typically associated with drug formulation and delivery, with ester prodrugs providing a classic strategy for masking polar alcohol and carboxylic acid functionalities and improving cell permeability. Ester prodrugs are normally designed to have simple ester groups, as they are expected to be cleaved and reactivated by a wide spectrum of cellular esterases. However, a number of pathogenic and commensal microbial esterases have been found to possess significant substrate specificity and can play an unexpected role in drug metabolism. Ester protection can also introduce antimicrobial properties into previously nontoxic drugs through alterations in cell permeability or solubility. Finally, mutation to microbial esterases is a novel mechanism for the development of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we highlight the important pathogenic and xenobiotic functions of microbial esterases and discuss the development and application of ester prodrugs for targeting microbial infections and combating antibiotic resistance. Esterases are often overlooked as therapeutic targets. Yet, with the growing need to develop new antibiotics, a thorough understanding of the specificity and function of microbial esterases and their combined action with ester prodrug antibiotics will support the design of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - R Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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50
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Zheng Y, Ji X, Yu B, Ji K, Gallo D, Csizmadia E, Zhu M, Choudhury MR, De La Cruz LKC, Chittavong V, Pan Z, Yuan Z, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Enrichment-triggered prodrug activation demonstrated through mitochondria-targeted delivery of doxorubicin and carbon monoxide. Nat Chem 2018; 10:787-794. [PMID: 29760413 PMCID: PMC6235738 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled activation is a critical component in prodrug development. Here we report a concentration-sensitive platform approach for bioorthogonal prodrug activation by taking advantage of reaction kinetics. Using two 'click and release' systems, we demonstrate enrichment and prodrug activation specifically in mitochondria to demonstrate the principle of the approach. In both cases, the payload (doxorubicin or carbon monoxide) was released inside the mitochondrial matrix following the enrichment-initiated click reaction. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeted delivery yielded substantial augmentation of functional biological and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo when compared to controls, which did not result in enrichment. This method is thus a platform for targeted drug delivery that is amenable to conjugation with a variety of molecules and is not limited to cell-surface delivery. Taken together, these two 'click and release' pairs clearly demonstrate the concept of enrichment-triggered drug release and the critical feasibility of treating clinically relevant diseases such as acute liver injury and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaili Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Gallo
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manjusha Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly C De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vayou Chittavong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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