1
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Zhang P, Yang Y, Duan X, Wang S. Oxidative polymerization versus degradation of organic pollutants in heterogeneous catalytic persulfate chemistry. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121485. [PMID: 38522399 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic polymerization pathways in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently drawn much attention for organic pollutant elimination owing to the rapid removal kinetics, high selectivity, and recovery of organic carbon from wastewater. This work presents a review on the polymerization regimes in AOPs and their applications in wastewater decontamination. The review mainly highlights three critical issues in polymerization reactions induced by persulfate activation (Poly-PS-AOPs), including heterogeneous catalysts, persulfate activation pathways, and properties of organic substrates. The dominant influencing factors on the selection of catalysts, activation regimes of reactive oxygen species, and polymerization processes of organic substrates are discussed in detail. Moreover, we systematically demonstrate the merits and challenges of Poly-PS-AOPs upon pollutant degradation and polymer synthesis. We particularly highlight that Poly-PS-AOPs technology could be promising in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing heterocyclic organics and the synthesis of polymers and polymer-functionalized materials for advanced environmental and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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2
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Zhong Y, Xu L, Yang C, Xu L, Wang G, Guo Y, Cheng S, Tian X, Wang C, Xie R, Wang X, Ding L, Ju H. Site-selected in situ polymerization for living cell surface engineering. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7285. [PMID: 37949881 PMCID: PMC10638357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of polymer-based mimicry on cell surface to manipulate cell behaviors and functions offers promising prospects in the field of biotechnology and cell therapy. However, precise control of polymer grafting sites is essential to successful implementation of biomimicry and functional modulation, which has been overlooked by most current research. Herein, we report a biological site-selected, in situ controlled radical polymerization platform for living cell surface engineering. The method utilizes metabolic labeling techniques to confine the growth sites of polymers and designs a Fenton-RAFT polymerization technique with cytocompatibility. Polymers grown at different sites (glycans, proteins, lipids) have different membrane retention time and exhibit differential effects on the recognition behaviors of cellular glycans. Of particular importance is the achievement of in situ copolymerization of glycomonomers on the outermost natural glycan sites of cell membrane, building a biomimetic glycocalyx with distinct recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lijia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Le Xu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Guyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuna Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Deng Y, Li C, Fan J, Guo X. Photo Fenton RAFT Polymerization of (Meth)Acrylates in DMSO Sensitized by Methylene Blue. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300258. [PMID: 37496370 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel open-to-air photo RAFT polymerization of a series of acrylate and methacrylate monomers mediated by matching chain transfer agent irradiated by far-red light in DMSO is reported. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) generated from methylene blue (MB) sensitized decomposition of H2 O2 via photo-Fenton like-reaction is used for polymerization initiation. The "living/control" characteristic is evidenced by kinetic study, in which a pseudo first order curve and linearly increases of molecular weight with the increase of monomer conversion are observed. The living end-group fidelity is characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS and 1 H NMR results, and confirmed by successful chain extension. The temporary controllability is proved by light on/off switch experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Deng
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Cuiting Li
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiangtao Fan
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xie Guo
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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4
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Hemin-catalyzed SI-RAFT polymerization for thrombin detection. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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5
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Bennett MR, Moloney C, Catrambone F, Turco F, Myers B, Kovacs K, Hill PJ, Alexander C, Rawson FJ, Gurnani P. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Initiated by Living Bacteria. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:954-960. [PMID: 35819106 PMCID: PMC9387098 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Living organisms can synthesize a wide range of macromolecules
from a small set of natural building blocks, yet there is potential
for even greater materials diversity by exploiting biochemical processes
to convert unnatural feedstocks into new abiotic polymers. Ultimately,
the synthesis of these polymers in situ might aid the coupling of
organisms with synthetic matrices, and the generation of biohybrids
or engineered living materials. The key step in biohybrid materials
preparation is to harness the relevant biological pathways to produce
synthetic polymers with predictable molar masses and defined architectures
under ambient conditions. Accordingly, we report an aqueous, oxygen-tolerant
RAFT polymerization platform based on a modified Fenton reaction,
which is initiated by Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34,
a bacterial species with iron-reducing capabilities. We show the synthesis
of a range of water-soluble polymers under normoxic conditions, with
control over the molar mass distribution, and also the production
of block copolymer nanoparticles via polymerization-induced self-assembly.
Finally, we highlight the benefits of using a bacterial initiation
system by recycling the cells for multiple polymerizations. Overall,
our method represents a highly versatile approach to producing well-defined
polymeric materials within a hybrid natural-synthetic polymerization
platform and in engineered living materials with properties beyond
those of biotic macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechelle R Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Catrambone
- School of Life Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turco
- School of Pharmacy, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Myers
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Kovacs
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Hill
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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6
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Yuan B, Huang T, Lv X, Jiang L, Sun X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Bioenhanced Rapid Redox Initiation for RAFT Polymerization in the Air. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200218. [PMID: 35751146 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A well-controlled bioenhanced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in the presence of air is carried out by using glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, ascorbic acid (Asc acid), and ppm level of hemin. The catalytic concentration of hemin is employed to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )/Asc acid redox initiation, achieving rapid RAFT polymerization. Narrow molecular weight distributions and high monomer conversion (Ð as low as 1.09 at >95% conversion) are achieved within tens of minutes. Several kinds of monomers are used to verify the universal implication of the presented method. The influences of the pH and feed ratio of each component on the polymerization rate are assessed. Besides, a polymerization rate regulation is realized by managing Asc acid addition. This work significantly increases the rate of redox-initiated GOx-deoxygen RAFT polymerization by using simple and green reactants, facilitating the application of RAFT polymerization in areas such as biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lv
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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7
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Yang H, Cai S, Jiang Y, Cao Z, Ma W, Gong F, Tao G, Liu C. High‐efficient surface tailoring via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization in an aqueous system initiated by a monocenter redox pair. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haicun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shuipi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenzhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Changzhou University) Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Fanghong Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- School of Mechanical Technology Wuxi Institute of Technology Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guoliang Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Changzhou University Huaide College Changzhou Jiangsu China
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8
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Mei H, Gao Z, Zhao K, Li M, Ashokkumar M, Song A, Cui J, Caruso F, Hao J. Sono‐Fenton Chemistry Converts Phenol and Phenyl Derivatives into Polyphenols for Engineering Surface Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Mei
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Kaijie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | | | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
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9
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Mei H, Gao Z, Zhao K, Li M, Ashokkumar M, Song A, Cui J, Caruso F, Hao J. Sono-Fenton Chemistry Converts Phenol and Phenyl Derivatives into Polyphenols for Engineering Surface Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21529-21535. [PMID: 34342111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a sono-Fenton strategy to mediate the supramolecular assembly of metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) as substrate-independent coatings using phenol and phenyl derivatives as building blocks. The assembly process is initiated from the generation of hydroxyl radicals (. OH) using high-frequency ultrasound (412 kHz), while the metal ions synergistically participate in the production of additional . OH for hydroxylation/phenolation of phenol and phenyl derivatives via the Fenton reaction and also coordinate with the phenolic compounds for film formation. The coating strategy is applicable to various phenol and phenyl derivatives and different metal ions including FeII , FeIII , CuII , and CoII . In addition, the sono-Fenton strategy allows real-time control over the assembly process by turning the high-frequency ultrasound on or off. The properties of the building blocks are maintained in the formed films. This work provides an environmentally friendly and controllable method to expand the application of phenolic coatings for surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Mei
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Kaijie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | | | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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10
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Bagheri A, Fellows CM, Boyer C. Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: From Polymer Network Synthesis to 3D Printing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003701. [PMID: 33717856 PMCID: PMC7927619 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has changed the fabrication of advanced materials as it can provide customized and on-demand 3D networks. However, 3D printing of polymer materials with the capacity to be transformed after printing remains a great challenge for engineers, material, and polymer scientists. Radical polymerization has been conventionally used in photopolymerization-based 3D printing, as in the broader context of crosslinked polymer networks. Although this reaction pathway has shown great promise, it offers limited control over chain growth, chain architecture, and thus the final properties of the polymer networks. More fundamentally, radical polymerization produces dead polymer chains incapable of postpolymerization transformations. Alternatively, the application of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) to polymer networks allows the tuning of network homogeneity and more importantly, enables the production of advanced materials containing dormant reactivatable species that can be used for subsequent processes in a postsynthetic stage. Consequently, the opportunities that (photoactivated) RDRP-based networks offer have been leveraged through the novel concepts of structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular gels, living additive manufacturing and photoexpandable/transformable-polymer networks. Herein, the advantages of RDRP-based networks over irreversibly formed conventional networks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bagheri
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia
| | - Christopher M. Fellows
- School of Science and TechnologyThe University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia
- Desalination Technologies Research InstituteAl Jubail31951Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peiran Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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12
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Yang H, Lu Z, Fu X, Li Q, Xiao L, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Hou L. Multipath oxygen-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization by a conjugated organic polymer photocatalyst under red LED irradiation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TCPP-DMTA-COP has been synthesized and serves as a heterogeneous photocatalyst in a multipath aerobic-mediated reductive quenching pathway (O-RQP) for a PET-RAFT polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Li
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Rukai Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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13
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Semsarilar M, Abetz V. Polymerizations by RAFT: Developments of the Technique and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tailored (Co)polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes IEM (UMR5635) Université Montpellier CNRS ENSCM CC 047, Université Montpellie 2 place E. Bataillon Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Grindelallee 117 Universität Hamburg Hamburg 20146 Germany
- Zentrum für Material‐und Küstenforschung GmbH Institut für Polymerforschung Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht 21502 Germany
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14
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Strover LT, Postma A, Horne MD, Moad G. Anthraquinone-Mediated Reduction of a Trithiocarbonate Chain-Transfer Agent to Initiate Electrochemical Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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15
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Nothling MD, Fu Q, Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Jung K, Zhu J, Kamigaito M, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001656. [PMID: 33101866 PMCID: PMC7578854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced materials based on well-defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unprecedented attention, with reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures now routinely leveraged to prepare exquisitely precise polymer products. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful protocol within this domain, where the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds can be harnessed to control radical chain growth of vinyl polymers. With the intense recent focus on RAFT, new strategies for initiation and external control have emerged that are paving the way for preparing well-defined polymers for demanding applications. In this work, the cutting-edge innovations in RAFT that are opening up this technique to a broader suite of materials researchers are explored. Emerging strategies for activating TCTs are surveyed, which are providing access into traditionally challenging environments for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers are also shared, with the goal to convey the rich potential of RAFT for an ever-expanding range of high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment (CTWW)School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Material ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8603Japan
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)School of Chemical EngineeringUNWSSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science GroupDepartment of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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16
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Timmins RL, Wilson OR, Magenau AJD. Arm‐first star‐polymer synthesis in one‐pot via alkylborane‐initiated
RAFT. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee L. Timmins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA
| | - Olivia R. Wilson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA
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17
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Lauterbach F, Abetz V. An eco-friendly pathway to thermosensitive micellar nanoobjects via photoRAFT PISA: the full guide to poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidin)-block-polystyrene diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2321-2331. [PMID: 32052824 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spherical macromolecular assemblies, so-called latexes, consisting of polystyrene (PS) resemble a relevant class of synthetic polymers used for a plethora of applications ranging from coatings or lubricants to biomedical applications. Their synthesis is usually tailored to the respective application where emulsifiers, radical initiators, or other additives still play a major role in achieving the desired properties. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative based on the photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of Poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidin)-block-polystyrene (PAPy-b-PS). This approach yields monodisperse nanospheres with tunable sizes based on an aqueous formulation with only two ingredients. These nanospheres are additionally thermosensitive, meaning that they change their hydrodynamic diameter linearly with the temperature in a broad range between 10 °C and 70 °C. Combined with the eco-friendly synthesis in pure water at 40 °C, the herein presented route constitutes an unprecedented pathway to thermosensitive diblock copolymer aggregates in short reaction times without any additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lauterbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Uttley OF, Brummitt LA, Worrall SD, Edmondson S. Accessible and sustainable Cu(0)-mediated radical polymerisation for the functionalisation of surfaces. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Towards use of environmentally benign solvents and ambient conditions for surface functionalisation by controlled growth of thick cationic polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Frank Uttley
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Leonie Alice Brummitt
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Stephen David Worrall
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Steve Edmondson
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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19
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Reyhani A, Mazaheri O, Alivand MS, Mumford KA, Qiao G. Temporal control of RAFT polymerization via magnetic catalysis. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic core–shell structured Fe3O4@Fe(ii)–MOF nanoparticles have enabled the temporal control of RAFT polymerization via an “on–off” process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Omid Mazaheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Melbourne
- Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food
| | - Masood S. Alivand
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Kathryn A. Mumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Greg Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Melbourne
- Australia
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20
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Fenton‐Chemistry‐Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900220. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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21
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Reyhani A, Ranji-Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Heterogeneously Catalyzed Fenton-Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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22
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Reyhani A, Allison‐Logan S, Ranji‐Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Bryant G, Qiao GG. Synthesis of ultra‐high molecular weight polymers by controlled production of initiating radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji‐Burachaloo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale PhysicsSchool of Science, RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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23
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Vancoillie G, Van Guyse JFR, Voorhaar L, Maji S, Frank D, Holder E, Hoogenboom R. Understanding the effect of monomer structure of oligoethylene glycol acrylate copolymers on their thermoresponsive behavior for the development of polymeric sensors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligoethylene glycol acrylate (OEGA) polymers are a class of thermoresponsive polymers. Three new OEGA monomer combinations were investigated, which revealed three different types of thermoresponsive behavior as a function of copolymer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertjan Vancoillie
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Lenny Voorhaar
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Samarendra Maji
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Daniel Frank
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Holder
- Functional Polymers Group and Institute of Polymer Technology
- University of Wuppertal
- D-42097 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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24
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Reyhani A, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Qiao GG. Redox-Initiated Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization initiated by a radical-forming redox reaction between a reducing and an oxidizing agent (i.e. ‘redox RAFT’) represents a simple, versatile, and highly useful platform for controlled polymer synthesis. Herein, the potency of a wide range of redox initiation systems including enzyme-mediated redox reactions, the Fenton reaction, peroxide-based reactions, and metal-catalyzed redox reactions, and their application in initiating RAFT polymerization, are reviewed. These redox-RAFT polymerization methods have been widely studied for synthesizing a broad range of homo- and co-polymers with tailored molecular weights, compositions, and (macro)molecular structures. It has been demonstrated that redox-RAFT polymerization holds particular promise due to its excellent performance under mild conditions, typically operating at room temperature. Redox-RAFT polymerization is therefore an important and core part of the RAFT methodology handbook and may be of particular importance going forward for the fabrication of polymeric biomaterials under biologically relevant conditions or in biological systems, in which naturally occurring redox reactions are prevalent.
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25
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Collins J, McKenzie TG, Nothling MD, Allison-Logan S, Ashokkumar M, Qiao GG. Sonochemically Initiated RAFT Polymerization in Organic Solvents. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Székely A, Klussmann M. Molecular Radical Chain Initiators for Ambient‐ to Low‐Temperature Applications. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:105-115. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Székely
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 2 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 2 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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27
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A Critical Survey of Dithiocarbamate Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents in Radical Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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29
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Reyhani A, Nothling MD, Ranji‐Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Tan S, Bryant G, Qiao GG. Blood‐Catalyzed RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mitchell D. Nothling
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji‐Burachaloo
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Department of Physics RMIT Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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30
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Reyhani A, Nothling MD, Ranji-Burachaloo H, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Tan S, Bryant G, Qiao GG. Blood-Catalyzed RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10288-10292. [PMID: 29920886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of hemoglobin (Hb) contained within red blood cells to drive a controlled radical polymerization via a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process is reported for the first time. No pre-treatment of the Hb or cells was required prior to their use as polymerization catalysts, indicating the potential for synthetic engineering in complex biological microenvironments without the need for ex vivo techniques. Owing to the naturally occurring prevalence of the reagents employed in the catalytic system (Hb and hydrogen peroxide), this approach may facilitate the development of new strategies for in vivo cell engineering with synthetic macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Reyhani
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mitchell D Nothling
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Department of Physics, RMIT, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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31
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Yeow J, Chapman R, Gormley AJ, Boyer C. Up in the air: oxygen tolerance in controlled/living radical polymerisation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4357-4387. [PMID: 29718038 PMCID: PMC9857479 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The requirement for deoxygenation in controlled/living radical polymerisation (CLRP) places significant limitations on its widespread implementation by necessitating the use of large reaction volumes, sealed reaction vessels as well as requiring access to specialised equipment such as a glove box and/or inert gas source. As a result, in recent years there has been intense interest in developing strategies for overcoming the effects of oxygen inhibition in CLRP and therefore remove the necessity for deoxygenation. In this review, we highlight several strategies for achieving oxygen tolerant CLRP including: "polymerising through" oxygen, enzyme mediated deoxygenation and the continuous regeneration of a redox-active catalyst. In order to provide further clarity to the field, we also establish some basic parameters for evaluating the degree of "oxygen tolerance" that can be achieved using a given oxygen scrubbing strategy. Finally, we propose some applications that could most benefit from the implementation of oxygen tolerant CLRP and provide a perspective on the future direction of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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32
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Nothling MD, McKenzie TG, Reyhani A, Qiao GG. Tunable, Quantitative Fenton-RAFT Polymerization via Metered Reagent Addition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800179. [PMID: 29744968 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A continuous supply of radical species is a key requirement for activating chain growth and accessing quantitative monomer conversions in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In Fenton-RAFT, activation is provided by hydroxyl radicals, whose indiscriminate reactivity and short-lived nature poses a challenge to accessing extended polymerization times and quantitative monomer conversions. Here, an alternative Fenton-RAFT procedure is presented, whereby radical generation can be finely controlled via metered dosing of a component of the Fenton redox reaction (H2 O2 ) using an external pumping system. By limiting the instantaneous flux of radicals and ensuring sustained radical generation over tunable time periods, metered reagent addition reduces unwanted radical "wasting" reactions and provides access to consistent quantitative monomer conversions with high chain-end fidelity. Fine tuning of radical concentration during polymerization is achieved simply via adjustment of reagent dose rate, offering significant potential for automation. This modular strategy holds promise for extending traditional RAFT initiation toward more tightly regulated radical concentration profiles and affords excellent prospects for the automation of Fenton-RAFT polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Nothling
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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33
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Judzewitsch PR, Nguyen T, Shanmugam S, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Towards Sequence‐Controlled Antimicrobial Polymers: Effect of Polymer Block Order on Antimicrobial Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Thuy‐Khanh Nguyen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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34
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Judzewitsch PR, Nguyen T, Shanmugam S, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Towards Sequence‐Controlled Antimicrobial Polymers: Effect of Polymer Block Order on Antimicrobial Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4559-4564. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Thuy‐Khanh Nguyen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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35
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Tian X, Ding J, Zhang B, Qiu F, Zhuang X, Chen Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E318. [PMID: 30966354 PMCID: PMC6415088 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is considered to be one of most famous reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. Benefiting from its living or controlled polymerization process, complex polymeric architectures with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity, as well as various functionality have been constructed, which could be applied in wide fields, including materials, biology, and electrology. Under the continuous research improvement, main achievements have focused on the development of new RAFT techniques, containing fancy initiation methods (e.g., photo, metal, enzyme, redox and acid), sulfur-free RAFT system and their applications in many fields. This review summarizes the current advances in major bright spot of novel RAFT techniques as well as their potential applications in the optoelectronic field, especially in the past a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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36
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Gormley AJ, Yeow J, Ng G, Conway Ó, Boyer C, Chapman R. An Oxygen-Tolerant PET-RAFT Polymerization for Screening Structure-Activity Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1557-1562. [PMID: 29316089 PMCID: PMC9641662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of polymer-protein interactions makes rational design of the best polymer architecture for any given biointerface extremely challenging, and the high throughput synthesis and screening of polymers has emerged as an attractive alternative. A porphyrin-catalysed photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerisation was adapted to enable high throughput synthesis of complex polymer architectures in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on low-volume well plates in the presence of air. The polymerisation system shows remarkable oxygen tolerance, and excellent control of functional 3- and 4-arm star polymers. We then apply this method to investigate the effect of polymer structure on protein binding, in this case to the lectin concanavalin A (ConA). Such an approach could be applied to screen the structure-activity relationships for any number of polymer-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Órla Conway
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney (Australia)
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37
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Eggers S, Abetz V. Hydroperoxide Traces in Common Cyclic Ethers as Initiators for Controlled RAFT Polymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700683. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eggers
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Polymer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Germany
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38
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Gormley AJ, Yeow J, Ng G, Conway Ó, Boyer C, Chapman R. An Oxygen‐Tolerant PET‐RAFT Polymerization for Screening Structure–Activity Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Órla Conway
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine UNSW Sydney Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Australia
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39
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Collins J, McKenzie TG, Nothling MD, Ashokkumar M, Qiao GG. High frequency sonoATRP of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate in an aqueous medium. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlled aqueous ATRP of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate using high frequency ultrasound is presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Collins
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne
- 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne
- 3010 Australia
| | - Mitchell D. Nothling
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne
- 3010 Australia
| | - Muthupandian Ashokkumar
- Sonochemistry Research Team
- The University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Melbourne
- 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne
- 3010 Australia
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40
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Fu Q, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Liu M, McKenzie TG, Tan S, Reyhani A, Nothling MD, Dunstan DE, Qiao GG. Controlled RAFT polymerization facilitated by a nanostructured enzyme mimic. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A nanostructured MOF composite was utilized as an enzyme mimic for the generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide, which can subsequently initiate RAFT polymerizations in aqueous or organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Mitchell D. Nothling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Dave E. Dunstan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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41
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Fu Q, Ruan Q, McKenzie TG, Reyhani A, Tang J, Qiao GG. Development of a Robust PET-RAFT Polymerization Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4). Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science
Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qiushi Ruan
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science
Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amin Reyhani
- Polymer Science
Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Junwang Tang
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science
Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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42
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McKenzie TG, Colombo E, Fu Q, Ashokkumar M, Qiao GG. Sono‐RAFT Polymerization in Aqueous Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12302-12306. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Enrico Colombo
- Sonochemistry Research Team The University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Muthupandian Ashokkumar
- Sonochemistry Research Team The University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne 3010 Australia
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43
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McKenzie TG, Colombo E, Fu Q, Ashokkumar M, Qiao GG. Sono‐RAFT Polymerization in Aqueous Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Enrico Colombo
- Sonochemistry Research Team The University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Muthupandian Ashokkumar
- Sonochemistry Research Team The University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group The University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne 3010 Australia
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