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Xu Y, Pang Y, Luo L, Sharma A, Yang J, Li C, Liu S, Zhan J, Sun Y. De Novo Designed Ru(II) Metallacycle as a Microenvironment-Adaptive Sonosensitizer and Sonocatalyst for Multidrug-Resistant Biofilms Eradication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319966. [PMID: 38327168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Albeit sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has achieved encouraging progress in microbial sterilization, the scarcity of guidelines for designing highly effective sonosensitizers and the intricate biofilm microenvironment (BME), substantially hamper the therapeutic efficacy against biofilm infections. To address the bottlenecks, we innovatively design a Ru(II) metallacycle-based sonosensitizer/sonocatalyst (named Ru-A3-TTD) to enhance the potency of sonotherapy by employing molecular engineering strategies tailored to BME. Our approach involves augmenting Ru-A3-TTD's production of ultrasonic-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS), surpassing the performance of commercial sonosensitizers, through a straightforward but potent π-expansion approach. Within the BME, Ru-A3-TTD synergistically amplifies sonotherapeutic efficacy via triple-modulated approaches: (i) effective alleviation of hypoxia, leading to increased ROS generation, (ii) disruption of the antioxidant defense system, which shields ROS from glutathione consumption, and (iii) enhanced biofilm penetration, enabling ROS production in deep sites. Notably, Ru-A3-TTD sono-catalytically oxidizes NADPH, a critical coenzyme involved in antioxidant defenses. Consequently, Ru-A3-TTD demonstrates superior biofilm eradication potency against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli compared to conventional clinical antibiotics, both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, this study represents the pioneering instance of a supramolecular sonosensitizer/sonocatalyst. It provides valuable insights into the structure-activity relationship of sonosensitizers and paves a promising pathway for the treatment of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yida Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lishi Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Amit Sharma
- Amity School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University Punjab, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Jingfang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chonglu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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2
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Chu JH, Xiong J, Wong CTT, Wang S, Tam DY, García-Fernández A, Martínez-Máñez R, Ng DKP. Detection and Elimination of Senescent Cells with a Self-Assembled Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase-Activatable Nanophotosensitizer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:234-244. [PMID: 38113190 PMCID: PMC10788907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells have become an important therapeutic target for many age-related dysfunctions and diseases. We report herein a novel nanophotosensitizing system that is responsive to the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (β-gal) for selective detection and elimination of these cells. It involves a dimeric zinc(II) phthalocyanine linked to a β-galactose unit via a self-immolative linker. This compound can self-assemble in aqueous media, forming stable nanoscale particles in which the phthalocyanine units are stacked and self-quenched for fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen production. Upon internalization into senescent HeLa cells, these nanoparticles interact with the overproduced senescence-associated β-gal inside the cells to trigger the disassembly process through enzymatic cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, followed by self-immolation to release the photoactive monomeric phthalocyanine units. These senescent cells can then be lit up with fluorescence and eliminated through the photodynamic action upon light irradiation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.06 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky
C. H. Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlong Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital
of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Clarence T. T. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Dick Yan Tam
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento, Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia46022, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unidad Mixta
UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46012, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento, Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia46022, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unidad Mixta
UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia46012, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Universitat Politècnica e València, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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3
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Xue H, Ju Y, Ye X, Dai M, Tang C, Liu L. Construction of intelligent drug delivery system based on polysaccharide-derived polymer micelles: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128048. [PMID: 37967605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Micelles are nanostructures developed via the spontaneous assembly of amphiphilic polymers in aqueous systems, which possess the advantages of high drug stability or active-ingredient solubilization, targeted transport, controlled release, high bioactivity, and stability. Polysaccharides have excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, and degradability, and can be modified to achieve a hydrophobic core to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs, improve drug biocompatibility, and achieve regulated delivery of the loaded drug. Micelles drug delivery systems based on polysaccharides and their derivatives show great potential in the biomedical field. This review discusses the principles of self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers and the formation of micelles; the preparation of amphiphilic polysaccharides is described in detail, and an overview of common polysaccharides and their modifications is provided. We focus on the review of strategies for encapsulating drugs in polysaccharide-derived polymer micelles (PDPMs) and building intelligent drug delivery systems. This review provides new research directions that will help promote future research and development of PDPMs in the field of drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqian Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yikun Ju
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China; The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiuzhi Ye
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Minghai Dai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China.
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China.
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4
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Tu L, Li C, Xiong X, Hyeon Kim J, Li Q, Mei L, Li J, Liu S, Seung Kim J, Sun Y. Engineered Metallacycle-Based Supramolecular Photosensitizers for Effective Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301560. [PMID: 36786535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Although metallacycle-based supramolecular photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted increasing attention in biomedicine, their clinical translation is still hindered by their inherent dark toxicity. Herein, we report what to our knowledge is the first example of a molecular engineering approach to building blocks of metallacycles for constructing a series of supramolecular PSs (RuA-RuD), with the aim of simultaneously reducing dark toxicity and enhancing phototoxicity, and consequently obtaining high phototoxicity indexes (PI). Detailed in vitro investigations demonstrate that RuA-RuD display high cancer cellular uptake and remarkable antitumor activity even under hypoxic conditions. Notably, RuD exhibited no dark toxicity and displayed the highest PI value (≈406). Theoretical calculations verified that RuD has the largest steric hindrance and the lowest singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST , 0.61 eV). Further in vivo studies confirmed that RuD allows safe and effective phototherapy against A549 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chonglu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Longcan Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junrong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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5
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Pavlova MA, Panchenko PA, Alekhina EA, Ignatova AA, Plyutinskaya AD, Pankratov AA, Pritmov DA, Grin MA, Feofanov AV, Fedorova OA. A New Glutathione-Cleavable Theranostic for Photodynamic Therapy Based on Bacteriochlorin e and Styrylnaphthalimide Derivatives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1149. [PMID: 36551116 PMCID: PMC9775103 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new conjugate BChl-S-S-NI based on the second-generation photosensitizer bacteriochlorin e6 (BChl) and a 4-styrylnaphthalimide fluorophore (NI), which is cleaved into individual functional fragments in the intracellular medium. The chromophores in the conjugate were cross-linked by click chemistry via a bis(azidoethyl)disulfide bridge which is reductively cleaved by the intracellular enzyme glutathione (GSH). A photophysical investigation of the conjugate in solution by using optical spectroscopy revealed that the energy transfer process is realized with high efficiency in the conjugated system, leading to the quenching of the emission of the fluorophore fragment. It was shown that the conjugate is cleaved by GSH in solution, which eliminates the possibility of energy transfer and restores the fluorescence of 4-styrylnaphthalimide. The photoinduced activity of the conjugate and its imaging properties were investigated on the mouse soft tissue sarcoma cell line S37. Phototoxicity studies in vitro show that the BChl-S-S-NI conjugate has insignificant dark cytotoxicity in the concentration range from 15 to 20,000 nM. At the same time, upon photoexcitation, it exhibits high photoinduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Panchenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Alekhina
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Ignatova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D. Plyutinskaya
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Pankratov
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Pritmov
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Grin
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Fedorova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Tam LKB, He L, Ng DKP, Cheung PCK, Lo P. A Tumor‐Targeting Dual‐Stimuli‐Activatable Photodynamic Molecular Beacon for Precise Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201652. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo K. B. Tam
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Peter C. K. Cheung
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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7
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Thankarajan E, Tuchinsky H, Aviel-Ronen S, Bazylevich A, Gellerman G, Patsenker L. Antibody guided activatable NIR photosensitizing system for fluorescently monitored photodynamic therapy with reduced side effects. J Control Release 2022; 343:506-517. [PMID: 35150812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing an organic dye (photosensitizer) capable of killing cancer cells in the body upon light irradiation is one of the promising non-invasive treatment modalities for many cancers. A known drawback of PDT is a side-effect caused by existing photosensitizers to organs due to insufficient specificity and accidental light exposure of a patient during the delivery of the photosensitizer in the bloodstream. To overcome this issue, we developed a novel antibody guided, activatable photosensitizing system, Ab-mI2XCy-Ac, where the trastuzumab (Ab) is linked to the non-active (not phototoxic and not fluorescent) dye, mI2XCy-Ac, that contains the hydroxyl group protected by acetyl (Ac). This targeting, non-photo-active conjugate was shown to be safely (without detectable side-effects) delivered to the targeted tumor, where it is activated by the esterase-mediated acetyl group cleavage and effectively treats the tumor upon NIR light irradiation. It was demonstrated in the Her2 positive BT-474 tumor mouse model that the treatment efficacy of the activatable photosensitizing system is about the same as for the permanently active photosensitizer, Ab-mI2XCy, while the side-effects are noticeably reduced. In addition, this activatable system enables fluorescence monitoring of the photosensitizer activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebaston Thankarajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Helena Tuchinsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Sarit Aviel-Ronen
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Leonid Patsenker
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
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Tam LKB, Yu L, Wong RCH, Fong WP, Ng DKP, Lo PC. Dual Cathepsin B and Glutathione-Activated Dimeric and Trimeric Phthalocyanine-Based Photodynamic Molecular Beacons for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17455-17467. [PMID: 34846143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two dual stimuli-activated photosensitizers were developed, in which two or three glutathione (GSH)-responsive 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS)-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine units were connected via one or two cathepsin B-cleavable Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptide linker(s). These dimeric and trimeric phthalocyanines were fully quenched in the native form due to the photoinduced electron transfer to the DNBS substituents and the self-quenching of the phthalocyanine units. In the presence of GSH and cathepsin B, or upon internalization into A549 and HepG2 cancer cells, these probes were activated through the release of free phthalocyanine units. The intracellular fluorescence intensity was increased upon post-incubation with GSH ester or reduced upon pre-treatment with a cathepsin B inhibitor. Upon light irradiation, these photosensitizers became highly cytotoxic with IC50 values of 0.21-0.39 μM. The photocytotoxicity was also dependent on the intracellular GSH and cathepsin B levels. The results showed that these conjugates could serve as smart photosensitizers for targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo K B Tam
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Ligang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roy C H Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Hwang B, Kim TI, Kim H, Jeon S, Choi Y, Kim Y. Ubiquinone-BODIPY nanoparticles for tumor redox-responsive fluorescence imaging and photodynamic activity. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:824-831. [PMID: 33338098 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment require the development of effective photosensitizers with controllable singlet oxygen generation. Here we report a ubiquinone-BODIPY photosensitizer that self-assembles into nanoparticles (PS-Q-NPs) and undergoes selective activation and deaggregation within the highly reductive intracellular environment of tumor cells. PS-Q-NPs are highly stable in aqueous buffer solution, and exhibit minimal fluorescence and photosensitization due to a rapid non-radiative relaxation process. Upon endocytosis by cancer cells, reduction of the ubiquinone moiety by intracellular glutathione (GSH) triggers the conversion of the aggregated hydrophobic precursor into the active hydrophilic carboxylate derivative PS-A. The conversion results in enhanced fluorescence and therapeutic singlet oxygen generation, portending to its application as an activatable photosensitizer for fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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11
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Horiuchi H, Tajima K, Okutsu T. Triply pH-activatable porphyrin as a candidate photosensitizer for near-infrared photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Liu Y, Sun C, Zhang G, Wu J, Huang L, Qiao J, Guan Q. Bio-responsive Bletilla striata polysaccharide-based micelles for enhancing intracellular docetaxel delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:277-287. [PMID: 31593738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a pH- and redox-dual responsive Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP)-based copolymer to enhance anti-tumor drugs release at tumor sites and improve the therapeutic effect. The copolymer was synthesized using stearic acid (SA) and cystamine via a disulfide linkage and characterized using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The BSP-ss-SA copolymer could self-assemble into micelle in an aqueous environment and could encapsulate docetaxel therein. Its inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells and 4 T1 cells were determined. Besides, the anti-cancer effects in vivo and histopathological study of 4 T1-bearing tumor mice were also evaluated. Docetaxel-loaded BSP-ss-SA micelles showed significant pH-sensitive release behavior, supplying a greater drug release percentage in pH 5.0 media compared to pH 7.4 media. BSP-ss-SA micelles exhibited a clear redox-responsive release property in pH 7.4 media whereas the similar cumulative release percentage of docetaxel from BSP-ss-SA micelles in pH 5.0 media in the presence and absence of DL-dithiothreitol. The Docetaxel-loaded BSP-ss-SA micelles clearly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and 4 T1 cells compared with docetaxel solution. The results of MTT and histopathological study indicated that BSP-ss-SA copolymer exhibited good blood compatibility. The BSP-ss-SA copolymer may be used as carriers to deliver anti-tumor drugs to special tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Sinotherapeutics Inc., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qingxiang Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
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13
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Lo PC, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Pandey RK, Ng DKP, Torres T, Dumoulin F. The unique features and promises of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:1041-1056. [PMID: 31845688 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines exhibit superior photoproperties that make them a surely attractive class of photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Several derivatives are at various phases of clinical trials, and efforts have been put continuously to improve their photodynamic efficacy. To this end, various strategies have been applied to develop advanced phthalocyanines with optimised photoproperties, dual therapeutic actions, tumour-targeting properties and/or specific activation at tumour sites. The advantageous properties and potential of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer are highlighted in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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14
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The Dark Side: Photosensitizer Prodrugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040148. [PMID: 31590223 PMCID: PMC6958472 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis (PD) are essential approaches in the field of biophotonics. Ideally, both modalities require the selective sensitization of the targeted disease in order to avoid undesired phenomena such as the destruction of healthy tissue, skin photosensitization, or mistaken diagnosis. To a large extent, the occurrence of these incidents can be attributed to “background” accumulation in non-target tissue. Therefore, an ideal photoactive compound should be optically silent in the absence of disease, but bright in its presence. Such requirements can be fulfilled using innovative prodrug strategies targeting disease-associated alterations. Here we will summarize the elaboration, characterization, and evaluation of approaches using polymeric photosensitizer prodrugs, nanoparticles, micelles, and porphysomes. Finally, we will discuss the use of 5-aminolevulinc acid and its derivatives that are selectively transformed in neoplastic cells into photoactive protoporphyrin IX.
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15
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Shi W, Ng DKP, Zhao S, Lo P. A Phthalocyanine‐Based Glutathione‐Activated Photosensitizer with a Ferrocenyl Boron Dipyrromethene Dark Quencher for Photodynamic Therapy. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Shirui Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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16
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Husain A, Ganesan A, Ghazal B, Durmuş M, Zhang XF, Makhseed S. Dual-directional alkyne-terminated macrocycles: Enroute to non-aggregating molecular platforms. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatized phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their heteroatom analogues, azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs), bearing a variety of highly active ligands, have many advantageous properties that make them suitable as novel macrocyclic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Husain
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | | | - Basma Ghazal
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 41400 Gebze-Kocaeli
- Turkey
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