1
|
Beg MZ, Singh PK, Singh PP, Srivastava M, Srivastava V. Metal-free visible light mediated direct C-H amination of benzoxazole with secondary amines. Mol Divers 2024; 28:61-71. [PMID: 36609739 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient visible light mediated, eosin Y catalyzed direct C-H oxidative amination of benzoxazoles with secondary amines has been developed, which providing a straightforward, green, and environmentally benign access to a wide variety of substituted benzoxazole-2-amines under mild reaction conditions. The biological studies such as drug-likeness and molecular docking are also carried out on the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zaheeruddin Beg
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Pravin K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Praveen P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research, Naini, Prayagraj, 211010, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Wu Z, Li J, Zhu Y, Zheng S, Jiang C, Lu H. Electrochemical decarboxylative alkylation of β-ketoacids with phenol derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1329-1332. [PMID: 38197300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for the decarboxylative alkylation of β-ketoacids with phenol derivatives has been developed. The protocol was carried out in readily available unseparated cells at room temperature in the absence of catalysts and oxidants. The corresponding aryl ketones were obtained in satisfactory yields without additional electrolytes, and were easy to produce in gram-scale synthesis. Based on control experiments and cyclic voltammetry, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Zhaotian Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Junqiang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Yujun Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The once-elusive Ni(IV) species is now a potent candidate for challenging organic transformations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Felten S, He CQ, Weisel M, Shevlin M, Emmert MH. Accessing Diverse Azole Carboxylic Acid Building Blocks via Mild C–H Carboxylation: Parallel, One-Pot Amide Couplings and Machine-Learning-Guided Substrate Scope Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23115-23126. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Felten
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark Weisel
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marion H. Emmert
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alam T, Rakshit A, Dhara HN, Palai A, Patel BK. Electrochemical Amidation: Benzoyl Hydrazine/Carbazate and Amine as Coupling Partners. Org Lett 2022; 24:6619-6624. [PMID: 36069423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical amidation of benzoyl hydrazine/carbazate and primary/secondary amine as coupling partners via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2)-N bonds has been achieved. This methodology proceeds under metal-free and exogenous oxidant-free conditions producing N2 and H2 as byproducts. Mechanistic studies reveal the in situ generations of both acyl and N-centered radicals from benzoyl hydrazines and amines. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through a large-scale, and synthesis of bezafibrate, a hyperlipidemic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng S, Fang S, Cai H, Wang D, Liu W, Hu X, Ruan Z, Sun P. Selenium‐Electrocatalytic Cyclization of 2‐Vinylanilides towards Indoles of Peptide Labeling. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200762. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaogao Zeng
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education 510632 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Songlin Fang
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education 510632 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Haiping Cai
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target 511436 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Dong Wang
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education 510632 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Weiling Liu
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education 510632 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Xinwei Hu
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target 511436 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xinzao, Panyu District 511436 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Pinghua Sun
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education 510632 Guangzhou CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li YN, Wang B, Huang YK, Hu JS, Sun JN. Recent advances in metal catalyst- and oxidant-free electrochemical C-H bond functionalization of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Front Chem 2022; 10:967501. [PMID: 36059873 PMCID: PMC9437222 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.967501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-H functionalization of nitrogen-containing heterocycles has emerged as a powerful strategy for the construction of carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds. In order to achieve efficient and selective C-H functionalization, electrochemical synthesis has attracted increasing attention. Because electrochemical anodic oxidation is ideal for replacing chemical reagents in C-H functionalization reactions. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge and recent advances since 2017 in the synthetic utility of electrochemical transformations for the C-H functionalization of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Nan Li, ; Jia-Nan Sun,
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Ye-Kai Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jia-Nan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Nan Li, ; Jia-Nan Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li GN, Li HC, Lu Z, Yu B. CuCl-photocatalyzed C-H amination of benzoxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5125-5128. [PMID: 35704388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct coupling of benzoxazoles and amines was realized by visible light irradiation and CuCl catalysis. Various aminated benzoxazoles were successfully synthesized under mild conditions with air as an oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Hao-Cong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Tu C, Feng ML, Li N. TEMPO/PhI(OAc) 2-Mediated Direct Sulfoximination of Benzoxazoles under Metal-Free Conditions. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Tu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Lin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Nan Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roy SK, Purkait A, Shome R, Das S, Das D, Ghosh SS, Jana CK. Proline selective labeling via on-site construction of naphthoxazole (NapOx). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5909-5912. [PMID: 35475487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective construction of naphthoxazoles (NapOx) via a three-component annulation reaction enables proline selective labeling of peptides in solution or in solid-phase synthesis. The fluorogenic peptides possess low cytotoxicity, efficient cell membrane permeability and excellent bioimaging potential for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Kanti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Anisha Purkait
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Rajib Shome
- Department of Biosciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Saurav Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Chandan K Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu S, Cheng X. Insertion of ammonia into alkenes to build aromatic N-heterocycles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:425. [PMID: 35058468 PMCID: PMC8776764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most abundant and simple nitrogen sources with decent stability and reactivity. Direct insertion of ammonia into a carbon skeleton is an ideal approach to building valuable N-heterocycles for extensive applications with unprecedented atom and step economy. Here, we show an electrochemical dehydrogenative method in which ammonia is inserted directly into alkenes to build aromatic N-heterocycles in a single step without the use of any external oxidant. This new approach achieves 98–99.2% atom economy with hydrogen as the only byproduct. Quinoline and pyridine with diverse substitutions are readily available. In this work, electrochemistry was used to drive a 4-electron oxidation reaction that is hard to access by other protocols, providing a parallel pathway to nitrene chemistry. In a tandem transformation that included three distinct electrochemical processes, the insertion of ammonia further showcased the tremendous potential to manipulate heterocycles derived from Hantzsch ester to diazine via pyridine and pyrrole. Aromatic heterocycles containing nitrogen are ubiquitous in biologically relevant small molecules. Here the authors show an unorthodox methodology for their synthesis, by inserting the nitrogen atom into a carbon ring, with ammonia in electrochemical conditions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang X, Wu C, Su W, Yu J. Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategy Access to Pharmaceuticals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou N, Yu J, LiyuanHou, Wu X, Ruan Z, Feng P. Electro‐Oxidative Coupling of Azoles with 2‐ and 3‐Haloindoles/Thiophenes Providing Access to 2/3‐Halo(Azol‐1‐Yl)Indoles/Thiophenes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - LiyuanHou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease School of Pharmaceutical Science & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Van Emelen L, Henrion M, Lemmens R, De Vos D. C–N coupling reactions with arenes through C–H activation: the state-of-the-art versus the principles of green chemistry. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we discuss the state-of-the-art in arene C–N coupling through C–H activation and to what extent it complies with the principles of green chemistry, with a focus on heterogeneously catalysed systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van Emelen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pastor M, Vayer M, Weinstabl H, Maulide N. Electrochemical Umpolung C-H Functionalization of Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:606-612. [PMID: 34962127 PMCID: PMC8749966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present
a general electrochemical method to access unsymmetrical
3,3-disubstituted oxindoles by direct C–H functionalization
where the oxindole fragment behaves as an electrophile. This Umpolung
approach does not rely on stoichiometric oxidants and proceeds under
mild, environmentally benign conditions. Importantly, it enables the
functionalization of these scaffolds through C–O, and by extension
to C–C or even C–N bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pastor
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Vayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou N, Zhao J, Sun C, Lai Y, Ruan Z, Feng P. Electro-Oxidative C-N Bond Formation through Azolation of Indole Derivatives: An Access to 3-Substituent-2-(Azol-1-yl)indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16059-16067. [PMID: 34520191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol to synthesize 3-substituent-2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives has been developed via an electrochemical oxidative cross coupling process under mild conditions. This electro-oxidative C-N bond formation strategy tolerates a range of functional groups and is amenable to gram scale synthesis. Moreover, this method was applied to the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junhao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science, and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical Deoxygenative Thiolation of Preactivated Alcohols and Ketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:7524-7528. [PMID: 34519513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes an electrochemically promoted nickel-catalyzed deoxygenative thiolation of alcohols and ketones under mild conditions. Excellent substrate tolerance and good chemical yields can be achieved by graphene/nickel foam electrodes in an undivided cell. Further study to gain mechanistic insight into this electrochemical cross-coupling has been carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Late-stage C–H functionalization offers new opportunities in drug discovery. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:522-545. [PMID: 37117588 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the landscape of molecular synthesis has gained major impetus by the introduction of late-stage functionalization (LSF) methodologies. C-H functionalization approaches, particularly, set the stage for new retrosynthetic disconnections, while leading to improvements in resource economy. A variety of innovative techniques have been successfully applied to the C-H diversification of pharmaceuticals, and these key developments have enabled medicinal chemists to integrate LSF strategies in their drug discovery programmes. This Review highlights the significant advances achieved in the late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs and drug-like compounds, and showcases how the implementation of these modern strategies allows increased efficiency in the drug discovery process. Representative examples are examined and classified by mechanistic patterns involving directed or innate C-H functionalization, as well as emerging reaction manifolds, such as electrosynthesis and biocatalysis, among others. Structurally complex bioactive entities beyond small molecules are also covered, including diversification in the new modalities sphere. The challenges and limitations of current LSF methods are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We, hereby, aim to provide a toolbox for chemists in academia as well as industrial practitioners, and introduce guiding principles for the application of LSF strategies to access new molecules of interest.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lipilin DL, Frumkin AE, Tyurin AY, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Photoredox Catalyzed Dealkylative Aromatic Halogen Substitution with Tertiary Amines. Molecules 2021; 26:3323. [PMID: 34205980 PMCID: PMC8199326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A reaction of aromatic halides bearing electron-withdrawing groups with tertiary amines in the presence of an iridium catalyst under blue light irradiation is described. Products of the aromatic substitution of the halide by the dialkylamino fragment are obtained. The interaction of aryl radicals with tertiary amines to generate zwitterionic radical species is believed to be the key factor responsible for the reaction efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.L.); (A.E.F.); (A.Y.T.); (V.V.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Puthanveedu M, Khamraev V, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP. Electrochemical Dehydrogenative C(sp 2 )-H Amination. Chemistry 2021; 27:8008-8012. [PMID: 33931904 PMCID: PMC8251997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free direct electrolytic C-H amination involving an electrochemically generated nitrenium ion intermediate has been developed. The electrosynthesis takes place in the absence of any organoiodine catalysts and is enabled by an in situ generated electrolyte. A novel, efficient intramolecular and intermolecular C-H amination has been demonstrated using a simple reaction setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Puthanveedu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
| | - Vladislav Khamraev
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- North Caucasus Federal UniversityDepartment of Chemistry1a Pushkin St.355009StavropolRussian Federation
- Present address: D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia9 Miusskaya Square, 125047MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- Nottingham Trent UniversityCollege of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and ForensicsClifton LaneNG11 8NSNottinghamUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao HB, Zhuang JL, Xu HC. Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Dehydrogenative Cyclization of Amidines. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1692-1695. [PMID: 33605037 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable methodologies for the synthesis of N-heterocycles is a constant focus of organic synthesis. Herein an electrochemical method is reported for the synthesis of benzimidazoles through dehydrogenative cyclization of easily available N-aryl amidines. The reactions were conducted under simple constant current conditions in an undivided cell without need for catalysts, chemical oxidants, or additives, and produced H2 as the only theoretical byproduct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Bo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Lab for Functional Materials Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan Road North, Guiyang, 550001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Lab for Functional Materials Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan Road North, Guiyang, 550001, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghoshal T, Patel TM, Kotturi S. A facile electrochemical synthesis of suvorexant. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemical generation of nitrogen-centered radicals for organic synthesis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
27
|
Emmert MH, He CQ, Shah AA, Felten S. Lewis acid mediated, mild C-H aminoalkylation of azoles via three component coupling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3890-3897. [PMID: 34163658 PMCID: PMC8179430 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports the development of a mild, highly functional group tolerant and metal-free C–H aminoalkylation of azoles via a three-component coupling approach. This method enables the C–H functionalization of diverse azole substrates, such as oxazoles, benzoxazoles, thiazoles, benzothiazoles, imidazoles, and benzimidazoles. DFT calculations identify a key deprotonation equilibrium in the mechanism of the reaction. Using DFT as a predictive tool, the C–H aminoalkylation of initially unreactive substrates (imidazoles/benzimidazoles) can be enabled through an in situ protecting/activating group strategy. The DFT-supported mechanistic pathway proposes key interactions between the azole substrate and the Lewis acid/base pair TBSOTf/EtNiPr2 that lead to azole activation by deprotonation, followed by C–C bond formation between a carbene intermediate and an iminium electrophile. Two diverse approaches are demonstrated to explore the amine substrate scope: (i) a DFT-guided predictive analysis of amine components that relates reactivity to distortion of the iminium intermediates in the computed transition state structures; and (ii) a parallel medicinal chemistry workflow enabling synthesis and isolation of several diversified products at the same time. Overall, the presented work enables a metal-free approach to azole C–H functionalization via Lewis acid mediated azole C–H deprotonation, demonstrating the potential of a readily available, Si-based Lewis acid to mediate new C–C bond formations. Lewis acid mediated activation enables mild, metal-free, and highly functional group tolerant C–H aminoalkylation of diverse azoles via three-component coupling.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion H Emmert
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc. 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point PA 19486 USA
| | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc. 126 E Lincoln Ave Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Akshay A Shah
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc. 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point PA 19486 USA
| | - Stephanie Felten
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc. 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point PA 19486 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ni Y, Wan X, Zuo H, Bashir MA, Liu Y, Yu H, Liao RZ, Wu G, Zhong F. Iron-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative C–H amidation of benzofurans and benzothiophenes with anilines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An efficient iron-catalyzed radical cross-dehydrogenative aromatic C–H amidation provides a straightforward access to structurally diverse diarylamine derivatives incorporating benzofuran/benzothiophene motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Xiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Honghua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bashir
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Huaibin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Lin Z, Ackermann L. Electrochemical C-H Amidation of Heteroarenes with N-Alkyl Sulfonamides in Aqueous Medium. Chemistry 2020; 27:242-246. [PMID: 33085807 PMCID: PMC7898600 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The construction of C-N bonds by free radical reactions represents a powerful synthetic approach for direct C-H amidations of arenes or heteroarenes. Developing efficient and more environmentally friendly synthetic methods for C-H amidation reactions remains highly desirable. Herein, metal-free electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenative C-H amidations of heteroarenes with N-alkylsulfonamides have been accomplished. The catalyst- and chemical-oxidant-free C-H amidation features an ample scope and employs electricity as the green and sole oxidant. A variety of heteroarenes, including indoles, pyrroles, benzofuran and benzothiophene, thereby underwent this C(sp2 )-H nitrogenation. Cyclic voltammetry studies and control experiments provided evidence for nitrogen-centered radicals being directly generated under metal-free electrocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced, Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, 321004, Jinhua, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharma S, Roy A, Shaw K, Bisai A, Paul A. Electrochemical Synthesis of Dimeric 2-Oxindole Sharing Vicinal Quaternary Centers Employing Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14926-14936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulekha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Avishek Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Kundan Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Amit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang J, Li JH, Guo Y, Dong H, Liu Q, Yu XQ. TEMPO-Mediated C-H Amination of Benzoxazoles with N-Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12797-12803. [PMID: 32878444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct amination of benzoxazoles at C2 using N-heterocycles as nitrogen sources has been developed for the first time. Several kinds of inexpensive oxidants and also electricity were effective for this transformation in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. This metal-free and operationally simple reaction can afford a variety of important C,N'-linked bis-heteocycles in moderate to good yields under very mild reaction conditions. The in situ generated oxoammonium salt was proved to be important for this transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yidong Guo
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Hongbo Dong
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lv S, Han X, Wang JY, Zhou M, Wu Y, Ma L, Niu L, Gao W, Zhou J, Hu W, Cui Y, Chen J. Tunable Electrochemical C-N versus N-N Bond Formation of Nitrogen-Centered Radicals Enabled by Dehydrogenative Dearomatization: Biological Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11583-11590. [PMID: 32203637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an environmentally friendly electrochemical approach is reported that takes advantage of the captodative effect and delocalization effect to generate nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs). By changing the reaction parameters of the electrode material and feedstock solubility, dearomatization enabled a selective dehydrogenative C-N versus N-N bond formation reaction. Hence, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and tetraarylhydrazine frameworks were prepared through a sustainable transition-metal- and exogenous oxidant-free strategy with broad generality. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles displayed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Compound 21 exhibited good photochemical properties with a large Stokes shift (approximately 130 nm) and was successfully applied to subcellular imaging. A preliminary mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the possible reaction pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shide Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao Y, Wu Z, Yu L, Wang Y, Pan Y. Alkyl Carbazates for Electrochemical Deoxygenative Functionalization of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhengguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao Y, Wu Z, Yu L, Wang Y, Pan Y. Alkyl Carbazates for Electrochemical Deoxygenative Functionalization of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10859-10863. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhengguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu Z, Li Y, Mo G, Zheng Y, Zeng S, Sun PH, Ruan Z. Electrochemical Oxidative Phosphorylation of Aldehyde Hydrazones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4016-4020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yueheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Guangquan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Shaogao Zeng
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lv S, Han X, Wang J, Zhou M, Wu Y, Ma L, Niu L, Gao W, Zhou J, Hu W, Cui Y, Chen J. Tunable Electrochemical C−N versus N−N Bond Formation of Nitrogen‐Centered Radicals Enabled by Dehydrogenative Dearomatization: Biological Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shide Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Yong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang P, Li B, Niu L, Wang L, Zhang G, Jia X, Zhang G, Liu S, Ma L, Gao W, Qin D, Chen J. Scalable Electrochemical Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Amination Enabled Alkaloid Clausines Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zi Y, Schömberg F, Wagner K, Vilotijevic I. C–H Functionalization of Benzothiazoles via Thiazol-2-yl-phosphonium Intermediates. Org Lett 2020; 22:3407-3411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- You Zi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fritz Schömberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konrad Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan Vilotijevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang Y, Zhang D, Vessally E. Direct Amination of Aromatic C-H Bonds with Free Amines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:37. [PMID: 32236795 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines belong to a highly important class of organic compounds which are found in various natural products, functional materials, and pharmaceutical agents. Their prevalence has sparked continuing interest in the development of highly efficient and environmentally benign synthetic strategies for the construction of these compounds. Cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions between two unmodified C(X)-H bonds have recently emerged as a versatile and powerful strategy for the fabrication of new C(X)-C(X) bonds. In this context, several procedures have been reported for the synthesis of aromatic amines through the direct amination of aromatic C-H bonds with free amines. This review highlights recent advances and progress in this appealing research arena, with special emphasis on the mechanistic features of the reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Yang
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dong F, Liu JQ, Wang XS. CuBr-Catalyzed α-Arylation and Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenative C–N Coupling for the Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane-1,12′-isoindolo[1,2-b]quinazolin]-10′-one Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:2887-2891. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qiu Y, Scheremetjew A, Finger LH, Ackermann L. Electrophotocatalytic Undirected C-H Trifluoromethylations of (Het)Arenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3241-3246. [PMID: 31875327 PMCID: PMC7155051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrophotochemistry has enabled arene C-H trifluoromethylation with the Langlois reagent CF3 SO2 Na under mild reaction conditions. The merger of electrosynthesis and photoredox catalysis provided a chemical oxidant-free approach for the generation of the CF3 radical. The electrophotochemistry was carried out in an operationally simple manner, setting the stage for challenging C-H trifluoromethylations of unactivated arenes and heteroarenes. The robust nature of the electrophotochemical manifold was reflected by a wide scope, including electron-rich and electron-deficient benzenes, as well as naturally occurring heteroarenes. Electrophotochemical C-H trifluoromethylation was further achieved in flow with a modular electro-flow-cell equipped with an in-operando monitoring unit for on-line flow-NMR spectroscopy, providing support for the single electron transfer processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youai Qiu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lars H. Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of molecular syntheses, researchers wish to capitalize upon the selective modification of otherwise inert C-H bonds. The past two decades have witnessed considerable advances in coordination chemistry that have set the stage for transformative tools for C-H functionalizations. Particularly, oxidative C-H/C-H and C-H/Het-H transformations have gained major attention because they avoid all elements of substrate prefunctionalization. Despite considerable advances, oxidative C-H activations have been dominated by precious transition metal catalysts based on palladium, ruthenium, iridium, and rhodium, thus compromising the sustainable nature of the overall C-H activation approach. The same holds true for the predominant use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants for the regeneration of the active catalyst, prominently featuring hypervalent iodine(III), copper(II), and silver(I) oxidants. Thereby, stoichiometric quantities of undesired byproducts are generated, which are preventive for applications of C-H activation on scale. In contrast, the elegant merger of homogeneous metal-catalyzed C-H activation with molecular electrosynthesis bears the unique power to achieve outstanding levels of oxidant and resource economy. Thus, in contrast to classical electrosyntheses by substrate control, metalla-electrocatalysis holds huge and largely untapped potential for oxidative C-H activations with unmet site selectivities by means of catalyst control. While indirect electrolysis using precious palladium complexes has been realized, less toxic and less expensive base metal catalysts feature distinct beneficial assets toward sustainable resource economy. In this Account, I summarize the emergence of electrocatalyzed C-H activation by earth-abundant 3d base metals and beyond, with a topical focus on contributions from our laboratories through November 2019. Thus, cobalt electrocatalysis was identified as a particularly powerful platform for a wealth of C-H transformations, including C-H oxygenations and C-H nitrogenations as well as C-H activations with alkynes, alkenes, allenes, isocyanides, and carbon monoxide, among others. As complementary tools, catalysts based on nickel, copper, and very recently iron have been devised for metalla-electrocatalyzed C-H activations. Key to success were detailed mechanistic insights, prominently featuring oxidation-induced reductive elimination scenarios. Likewise, the development of methods that make use of weak O-coordination benefited from crucial insights into the catalyst's modes of action by experiment, in operando spectroscopy, and computation. Overall, metalla-electrocatalyzed C-H activations have thereby set the stage for molecular syntheses with unique levels of resource economy. These electrooxidative C-H transformations overall avoid the use of chemical oxidants and are frequently characterized by improved chemoselectivities. Hence, the ability to dial in the redox potential at the minimum level required for the desired transformation renders electrocatalysis an ideal platform for the functionalization of structurally complex molecules with sensitive functional groups. This strategy was, inter alia, successfully applied to scale-up by continuous flow and the step-economical assembly of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Henrion M, Smolders S, De Vos DE. Cu II/H-USY as a regenerable bifunctional catalyst for the additive-free C–H amination of azoles. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of the bifunctional CuII/H-USY catalyst for the direct amination of azoles under air and without additives has been disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Henrion
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Simon Smolders
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gryaznova TV, Kholin KV, Nikanshina EO, Khrizanforova VV, Strekalova SO, Fayzullin RR, Budnikova YH. Copper or Silver-Mediated Oxidative C(sp2)–H/N–H Cross-Coupling of Phthalimide and Heterocyclic Arenes: Access to N-Arylphthalimides. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Gryaznova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V. Kholin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta O. Nikanshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vera V. Khrizanforova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Sofia O. Strekalova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia H. Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lu F, Li J, Wang T, Li Z, Jiang M, Hu X, Pei H, Yuan F, Lu L, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidative C−H Sulfonylation of Anilines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Minbao Jiang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Hongqiao Pei
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Feng Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sau SC, Mei R, Struwe J, Ackermann L. Cobaltaelectro-Catalyzed C-H Activation with Carbon Monoxide or Isocyanides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3023-3027. [PMID: 30897295 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidative C-H/N-H activations with isocyanides have been realized with a versatile cobalt catalyst. The widely applicable cobalt catalysis manifold further enabled electrooxidative C-H/N-H carbonylations with carbon monoxide under ambient conditions. The C-H functionalizations were efficiently realized with ample scope and outstanding functional group tolerance in a user-friendly undivided cell setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruhuai Mei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shao X, Tian L, Wang Y. C-N Coupling of Azoles or Imides with Carbocations Generated by Electrochemical Oxidation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Shao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 30 South Puzhu Road 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 30 South Puzhu Road 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 30 South Puzhu Road 211816 Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Feng P, Ma G, Chen X, Wu X, Lin L, Liu P, Chen T. Electrooxidative and Regioselective C-H Azolation of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8400-8404. [PMID: 30920715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A general and practical protocol was developed for the regioselective C-H azolation of phenol and aniline derivatives by electrooxidative cross-coupling. The reaction occurs under metal-, oxidant-, and reagent-free conditions, allowing access to a wide variety of synthetically useful heteroarene derivatives. The reaction also tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is amenable to gram-scale synthesis. Finally, a preliminary mechanistic study indicated that a radical-radical-combination pathway might be involved in the coupling reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guojian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil, Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Feng P, Ma G, Chen X, Wu X, Lin L, Liu P, Chen T. Electrooxidative and Regioselective C−H Azolation of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Feng
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Guojian Ma
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced NanomaterialsSchool of Environment and Civil, EngineeringDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang YZ, Song RJ, Li JH. Intermolecular Anodic Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative C(sp3)–N Bond-Coupling Reactions of Xanthenes with Azoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:3228-3231. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|