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Xie Y, Wu X, Shi Y, Peng Y, Zhou H, Wu X, Ma J, Jin J, Pi Y, Pang H. Recent Progress in 2D Metal-Organic Framework-Related Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305548. [PMID: 37643389 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
2D metal-organic frameworks-based (2D MOF-related) materials benefit from variable topological structures, plentiful open active sites, and high specific surface areas, demonstrating promising applications in gas storage, adsorption and separation, energy conversion, and other domains. In recent years, researchers have innovatively designed multiple strategies to avoid the adverse effects of conventional methods on the synthesis of high-quality 2D MOFs. This review focuses on the latest advances in creative synthesis techniques for 2D MOF-related materials from both the top-down and bottom-up perspectives. Subsequently, the strategies are categorized and summarized for synthesizing 2D MOF-related composites and their derivatives. Finally, the current challenges are highlighted faced by 2D MOF-related materials and some targeted recommendations are put forward to inspire researchers to investigate more effective synthesis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yi Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jiangchen Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yecan Pi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
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2
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Jeong T, Okanishi Y, Yotsui S, Kim IS, Yoshimitsu T. Organic redox cascade cyclization of 2-alkynylquinones by ascorbic acid in combination with a copper catalyst and its application to formal synthesis of liphagal. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05724g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a quinone-ascorbic acid organic redox reaction and a concomitant copper catalysis in situ enables new approach to hydroxybenzofurans with structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejoo Jeong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusuke Okanishi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sora Yotsui
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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3
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Huang S, Han X, Liu Y, Huang P, Deng KY, Wu FY. A Reversible Fluorescent Probe Based on a Redox-Switchable Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Active Metal-Organic Framework for Detection and Imaging of Highly Reactive Oxygen Species in Live Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5165-5173. [PMID: 36239223 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Detection and imaging of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) in biological systems using fluorescent probes are critical for the study of physiological and pathological processes induced by hROS. Herein, we report a redox-active luminescent metal-organic framework (MOF), which incorporates a hydroquinone moiety that can undergo a reversible transformation from the hydroquinone to the quinone by hROS like •OH and ClO-. Moreover, the intrinsic fluorescence originating from the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) property of the organic linker can be finely regulated during this redox-switchable process. A reversible fluorescent probe for hROS is thus developed. The presented probe shows a sensitive, selective, and reversible response to hROS due to the integration of excellent structural characteristics and unique spectral properties of the MOF. The detection limits of •OH and ClO- are 0.22 and 0.18 μM, respectively. Furthermore, with good photostability and super biocompatibility, this simple yet efficient fluorescent probe has been successfully applied to dynamic monitoring of endogenous and exogenous •OH and ClO- in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinhao Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fang-Ying Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Marshall CR, Dvorak JP, Twight LP, Chen L, Kadota K, Andreeva AB, Overland AE, Ericson T, Cozzolino AF, Brozek CK. Size-Dependent Properties of Solution-Processable Conductive MOF Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5784-5794. [PMID: 35344360 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diverse optical, magnetic, and electronic behaviors of most colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals emerge from materials with limited structural and elemental compositions. Conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess rich compositions with complex architectures but remain unexplored as nanocrystals, hindering their incorporation into scalable devices. Here, we report the controllable synthesis of conductive MOF nanoparticles based on Fe(1,2,3-triazolate)2. Sizes can be tuned to as small as 5.5 nm, ensuring indefinite colloidal stability. These solution-processable MOFs can be analyzed by solution-state spectroscopy and electrochemistry and cast into conductive thin films with excellent uniformity. This unprecedented analysis of MOF materials reveals a strong size dependence in optical and electronic behaviors sensitive to the intrinsic porosity and guest-host interactions of MOFs. These results provide a radical departure from typical MOF characterization, enabling insights into physical properties otherwise impossible with bulk analogues while offering a roadmap for the future of MOF nanoparticle synthesis and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Checkers R Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Josh P Dvorak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Liam P Twight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Kentaro Kadota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Anastasia B Andreeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Alexandra E Overland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Thomas Ericson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Anthony F Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Jindal S, Moorthy JN. Zwitterionic Luminescent 2D Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets (LMONs): Selective Turn-On Fluorescence Sensing of Dihydrogen Phosphate. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3942-3950. [PMID: 35191671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While a plethora of organic linkers based on carboxylic acids have been utilized in the construction of MOFs, zwitterionic linkers that typify the attributes of naturally occurring amino acids have been exploited only scarcely to the best of our knowledge. Zwitterionic interior characteristics should be expected to impart unique properties to the resultant MOFs with a high potential to interact with guest species through electrostatic interactions. In our investigations with bis(p-carboxyphenyl)imidazolylarenes as a novel class of linkers for the development of functional MOFs, we have found that bisimidazole-tetracarboxylic acid H4DMBI undergoes metal-assisted self-assembly with Zn(NO3)2 to yield a layered MOF (Zn-DMBI). In the latter, the linker serves as a two-connecting linker with imidazoles and carboxylic acids behaving as zwitterions. The layers are offset stacked in the crystal structure and are bound firmly by hydrogen bonds between imidazolium and carboxylate ions. Such a packing precludes fluorescence from being observed due to self-quenching. However, exfoliation into zwitterionic 2D metal-organic nanosheets (MONs) by sonication in methanol for 1 h liberates palpable fluorescence. Furthermore, the suspension of luminescent MONs (LMONs) in methanol permits selective sensing of anions; in particular, dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) that is complementary to the zwitterions in terms of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor sites is observed with fluorescence enhancement by 120%, leading to its detection at a sub-parts-per-million (0.13 ppm) level. Thus, access to zwitterionic 2D MONs and their application for selective anion sensing with "turn-on" fluorescence are demonstrated by a rational de novo bottom-up approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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Redox Activity as a Powerful Strategy to Tune Magnetic and/or Conducting Properties in Benzoquinone-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7080109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional molecular materials have attracted material scientists for several years as they are promising materials for the future generation of electronic devices. Careful selection of their molecular building blocks allows for the combination and/or even interplay of different physical properties in the same crystal lattice. Incorporation of redox activity in these networks is one of the most appealing and recent synthetic strategies used to enhance magnetic and/or conducting and/or optical properties. Quinone derivatives are excellent redox-active linkers, widely used for various applications such as electrode materials, flow batteries, pseudo-capacitors, etc. Quinones undergo a reversible two-electron redox reaction to form hydroquinone dianions via intermediate semiquinone radical formation. Moreover, the possibility to functionalize the six-membered ring of the quinone by various substituents/functional groups make them excellent molecular building blocks for the construction of multifunctional tunable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). An overview of the recent advances on benzoquinone-based MOFs, with a particular focus on key examples where magnetic and/or conducting properties are tuned/switched, even simultaneously, by playing with redox activity, is herein envisioned.
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Jindal S, Anjum G, Maka VK, Moorthy JN. Mechanoluminescence and aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE) of an In-MOF based on a 9,9'-diphenyl-9 H-fluorene tetraacid linker. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9668-9677. [PMID: 34018528 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A water-stable In-MOF, constructed based on a conformationally-flexible tetraacid linker, i.e., 2,7-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-9,9'-diphenyl-9H-fluorene, i.e., H4DPF, is shown to exhibit a significantly enhanced solid-state fluorescence quantum yield (φf) of 23% in comparison with that of the linker (φfca. 4%) as a consequence of rigidification of the latter by metalation. Application of external stimulus in the form of grinding of the In-MOF leads to a drastic enhancement by 29%, φf from 23 to 52%. Solid-state absorption and emission spectra show that the absorption in the region of 368-550 nm gets diminished with a concomitant change in the emission maximum with a blue shift upon grinding. Fluorescence enhancement with grinding is correlated with a gradual reduction in the size of the particles, as established by SEM analysis. MOF particle aggregation has been invoked to account for the observed fluorescence enhancement in addition to a subtle conformational change in the structure of the linker upon grinding. Intriguingly, the ground MOF particles exhibit aggregation behaviour in the DMF-water solvent system with the emission further increasing up to 75% for the increase in the water fraction (fw) from 0 to 60%; hydrophobic aggregation of particles evidently leads to a change in the conformation of the linker and particle aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE). De-aggregation of particles ensues for fw = 70-90%, as reflected by a gradual decrease in the emission intensity. It is shown that the suspension of ground In-MOF particles in water permits sensing of metal ions, in particular Al3+ ions, by fluorescence quenching with detection at a sub-ppb level. The observed results comprise first demonstration of both mechanoluminescence and AEE of MOF particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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Mukhopadhyay A, Jindal S, Savitha G, Moorthy JN. Temperature-Dependent Emission and Turn-Off Fluorescence Sensing of Hazardous "Quat" Herbicides in Water by a Zn-MOF Based on a Semi-Rigid Dibenzochrysene Tetraacetic Acid Linker. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6202-6213. [PMID: 32294375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A zinc metal-organic framework, i.e., Zn-MOF (Zn-DBC), with ca. 27% solvent-accessible void volume was synthesized from a rationally designed tetraacid based on sterically insulated dibenzo[g,p]chrysene core; the latter inherently features concave shapes. Due to rigidification of the fluorophore in the MOF, Zn-DBC exhibits a respectable fluorescence quantum yield of ca. 30% in the solid state. The fluorescent and water-stable Zn-DBC MOF was found to display intriguing temperature-dependent emission behavior with an activation barrier of 1.06 kcal/mol for radiationless deactivation from the singlet-excited state. It is shown that the Zn-MOF can be employed as an efficient sensory material for detection of hazardous "quat" dicationic herbicides in water by diffusion-limited "turn-off" fluorescence. Due to confinement of the cationic guest analytes within the pores of the MOF, the fluorescence quenching via excited-state charge transfer mechanism is shown to depend on the molecular size of the analyte in addition to the redox potentials. Remarkably, Zn-DBC permits sensing of DQ, a well-known toxic "quat" herbicide, with a detection limit as low as 2.8 ppm in water. The unique structural attributes of the Zn-MOF for highly efficient fluorescence sensing of toxic herbicides in water are thus exemplified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Govardhan Savitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura 695551, Kerala, India
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9
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Multifunctional porous organic polymers (POPs): Inverse adsorption of hydrogen over nitrogen, stabilization of Pd(0) nanoparticles, and catalytic cross-coupling reactions and reductions. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Yuan Y, Zhao W, Liu Z, Ling C, Zhu C, Liu F, Li A. Low-Fe(III) driven UV/Air process for enhanced recovery of heavy metals from EDTA complexed system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115375. [PMID: 31865128 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficient recovery of heavy metals from complexed wastewater is an essential but challenging task. In this study, a novel low-Fe(III) driven UV/Air process (LFUA) was developed to break the strong complexation between ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) and heavy metal ions (HMIs) and enable the enhanced recovery of HMIs via chelating resin adsorption (CRA). The inside mechanism of the LFUA process includes: 1) displacement of HMIs from HMI-EDTA complexes by Fe(III); 2) direct photolysis of Fe(III)-EDTA through a ligand-to-metal charge transition reaction (LMCT) and indirect photolysis of EDTA by HO2·/O2·-. The iron dosage was orders of magnitude lower than that previously reported, due to the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycle in the LFUA process. Fe(II) formed during the LMCT reaction of Fe(III)-EDTA was oxidized back to Fe(III) by O2 and HO2·, and the reformed Fe(III) was then recombined with EDTA to sustains the LMCT reaction. EDTA was completely removed in 20 min at a molar ratio of Fe(III)/EDTA = 0.05. In addition, following the LFUA process, the adsorption amounts of various HMIs onto D463 resin were at least two orders of magnitude higher than those reported using the direct adsorption process. Employing the integrated technique of LFUA + CRA enabled the efficient removal of up to 64.5 mg/L of Cu(II) from inlet wastewater, and residual Cu(II) was below 0.5 mg/L. The results of desorption experiments showed that over 90% of Cu(II) was recovered, and the desorption solution had a Cu concentration of 2.1 g/L and purity of 99%. Furthermore, the economic and practical feasibility of using the combined process of LFUA + CRA was analyzed to substantiate that the technique is highly efficient and clean (produces no harmful sludge). Therefore, it is an appropriate and practical process in removing HMIs-EDTA complexes and recovering HMIs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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León-Alcaide L, López-Cabrelles J, Mínguez Espallargas G, Coronado E. 2D magnetic MOFs with micron-lateral size by liquid exfoliation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7657-7660. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02982c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we obtained high-quality nanosheets for a whole family of Fe-based magnetic MOFs, MUV-1-X, through a liquid exfoliation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis León-Alcaide
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | | | | | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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12
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Tan C, Liu G, Li H, Cui Y, Liu Y. Ultrathin two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheets-an emerging class of catalytic nanomaterials. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11073-11084. [PMID: 32697202 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of ultrathin two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheets (2D MONs) has recently attracted increasing interest due to their extensive application potential originating from their ultrathin thickness, large surface area, and innumerable accessible surface-active sites. In this frontier article, we highlight the recent developments of 2D MONs for highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts; they can be grouped into three sections in terms of their functions: (i) as catalysts capable of showing outstanding intrinsic reactivity, (ii) as support materials for prevalent catalysts, and (iii) as catalysts with multifunctional catalytic activity for diverse organic transformations. In addition, the present challenges and future opportunities in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Tan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Guohua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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