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Hauer S, Balázs G, Gliese F, Meurer F, Horsley Downie TM, Hennig C, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Functionalization of Tetraphosphido Ligands by Heterocumulenes. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38819111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although numerous polyphosphido complexes have been accessed through the transition-metal-mediated activation and functionalization of white phosphorus (P4), the selective functionalization of the resulting polyphosphorus ligands in these compounds remains underdeveloped. In this study, we explore the reactions between cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complexes and heterocumulenes, leading to functionalized P4 ligands. Specifically, the reaction of carbon disulfide (CS2) with [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4-P4)] ([K(18c-6)]1, 18c-6 = [18]crown-6) affords the adduct [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4CS2)] ([K(18c-6)]3), in which CS2 is attached to a single phosphorus atom (Ar* = 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN = 1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine). In contrast, the insertion of bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfur diimide S(NSiMe3)2 into a P-P bond of [K(18c-6)]1 yields [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)2)] (K(18c-6)]4). This salt further reacts with Me3SiCl to form [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)3] (5), featuring a rare azatetraphosphole ligand. Moreover, treatment of the previously reported complex [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(O)tBu)] (2) with isothiocyanates results in P-C bond insertion, yielding [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(S)N(R)C(O)tBu)] (6a,b; R = Cy, Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Gliese
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Meurer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Hennig
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Rossendorf Beamline (BM20-CRG), 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Hauer S, Horsley Downie TM, Balázs G, Schwedtmann K, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Cobalt-Mediated [3+1] Fragmentation of White Phosphorus: Access to Acylcyanophosphanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317170. [PMID: 38059391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the accessibility of numerous transition metal polyphosphido complexes through transition-metal-mediated activation of white phosphorus, the targeted functionalization of Pn ligands to obtain functional monophosphorus species remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a new [3+1] fragmentation procedure for cyclo-P4 ligands, leading to the discovery of acylcyanophosphanides and -phosphines. Treatment of the complex [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4 -P4 )] ([K(18c-6)]3, 18c-6=[18]crown-6, Ar*=2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN=1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine) with acyl chlorides results in the formation of acylated tetraphosphido complexes [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4 -P4 C(O)R)] (R=tBu, Cy, 1-Ad, Ph; 4 a-d). Subsequent reactions of 4 a-d with cyanide salts yield acylated cyanophosphanides [RC(O)PCN]- (9 a-d- ) and the cyclo-P3 cobaltate anion [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3 -P3 )(CN)]- (8- ). Further reactions of 4 a-d with trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3 SiCN) and isocyanides provide insight into a plausible mechanism of this [3+1] fragmentation reaction, as these reagents partially displace the P4 C(O)R ligand from the cobalt center. Several potential intermediates of the [3+1] fragmentation were characterized. Additionally, the introduction of a second acyl substituent was achieved by treating [K(18c-6)]9b with CyC(O)Cl, resulting in the first bis(acyl)monocyanophosphine (CyC(O))2 PCN (10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Joshi G, Sreerag MN, Jemmis ED, Nixon JF. P n Ring Size Dependence on NHC-Induced Ring Contraction Reactions of [CoCp‴(η 4-P 4)], [Ta(CO) 2Cp″(η 4-P 4)], and [FeCp*(η 5-P 5)]: A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15822-15830. [PMID: 36169982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The facile ring contraction of [CoCp‴(η4-P4)] and [Ta(CO)2Cp″(η4-P4)] to [CoCp‴(η3-P3)][(MeNHC)2P] and [Ta(CO)2Cp″(η3-P3)] [(MeNHC)2P] induced by MeNHC and the absence of the ring contraction of [FeCp*(η5-P5)] under the same conditions are studied by density functional theory (DFT) computations. The latter is estimated to be thermodynamically the least favorable reaction and also has a very high energy barrier. The similar strain energies of P3 and P4 rings and the lower strain energy of the P5 ring play a decisive role in the ring contraction capability of these [TM-cyclo-Pn] complexes. Theoretical approaches involving NBO and IBO analysis have been employed to provide a qualitative picture of the overall reactions. The role of substituents and the nature of transition metals in determining the energetics of these reactions has also been studied and an isolobal perspective on these systems affords a simplified picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - John F Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ U.K
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4
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Organometallic polyphosphorus complexes as diversified building blocks in coordination chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Giusti L, Landaeta VR, Vanni M, Kelly JA, Wolf R, Caporali M. Coordination chemistry of elemental phosphorus. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Synthese und mehrfache Folgereaktivität von anionischen
cyclo
‐E
3
‐Ligandkomplexen (E=P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Synthesis and Multiple Subsequent Reactivity of Anionic cyclo-E 3 Ligand Complexes (E=P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15101-15108. [PMID: 33961722 PMCID: PMC8251822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic pathway for the synthesis of novel anionic sandwich complexes with a cyclo-E3 (E=P, As) ligand as an end deck was developed giving [Cp'''Co(η3 -E3 )]- (Cp'''=1,2,4-tri-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl, E=P ([5]), As ([6])) in good yields suitable for further reactivity studies. In the reaction with the chlorophosphanes R2 PCl (R=Ph, Cy, t Bu), neutral complexes with a disubstituted cyclo-E3 P (E=P, As) ligand in [Cp'''Co(η3 -E3 PR2 )] (E=P (7 a-c), As (9 a-c)) were obtained. These compounds can be partially or completely converted into complexes with a cyclo-E3 (E=P, As) ligand with an exocyclic {PR2 } unit in [Cp'''Co(η2 :η1 -E3 PR2 )] (E=P (8 a-c), As (10 a-c)). Additionally, the insertion of the chlorosilylene [LSiCl] (L=(t BuN)2 CPh) into the cyclo-E3 ligand of [5] and [6] was achieved and the novel heteroatomic complexes [Cp'''Co(η3 -E3 SiL)] (E=P (11), As (12)) could be isolated. The reaction pathway was elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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Hoidn CM, Scott DJ, Wolf R. Transition-Metal-Mediated Functionalization of White Phosphorus. Chemistry 2021; 27:1886-1902. [PMID: 33135828 PMCID: PMC7894350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been great interest in the reactivity of transition-metal (TM) centers towards white phosphorus (P4 ). This has ultimately been motivated by a desire to find TM-mediated alternatives to the current industrial routes used to transform P4 into myriad useful P-containing products, which are typically indirect, wasteful, and highly hazardous. Such a TM-mediated process can be divided into two steps: activation of P4 to generate a polyphosphorus complex TM-Pn , and subsequent functionalization of this complex to release the desired phosphorus-containing product. The former step has by now become well established, allowing the isolation of many different TM-Pn products. In contrast, productive functionalization of these complexes has proven extremely challenging and has been achieved only in a relative handful of cases. In this review we provide a comprehensive summary of successful TM-Pn functionalization reactions, where TM-Pn must be accessible by reaction of a TM precursor with P4 . We hope that this will provide a useful resource for continuing efforts that are working towards this highly challenging goal of modern synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Hoidn
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
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9
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Riesinger C, Balázs G, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Stabilization of Pentaphospholes as η 5 -Coordinating Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23879-23884. [PMID: 32956573 PMCID: PMC7814675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic functionalisation of [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 )] (1) yields the first transition-metal complexes of pentaphospholes (cyclo-P5 R). Silylation of 1 with [(Et3 Si)2 (μ-H)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] leads to the ionic species [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 SiEt3 )][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (2), whose subsequent reaction with H2 O yields the parent compound [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 H)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (3). The synthesis of a carbon-substituted derivative [Cp*Fe(η5 -P5 Me)][X] ([X]- =[FB(C6 F5 )3 ]- (4 a), [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- (4 b)) is achieved by methylation of 1 employing [Me3 O][BF4 ] and B(C6 F5 )3 or a combination of MeOTf and [Li(OEt2 )2 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ]. The structural characterisation of these compounds reveals a slight envelope structure for the cyclo-P5 R ligand. Detailed NMR-spectroscopic studies suggest a highly dynamic behaviour and thus a distinct lability for 2 and 3 in solution. DFT calculations shed light on the electronic structure and bonding situation of this unprecedented class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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10
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Riesinger C, Balázs G, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Stabilisierung von Pentaphospholen als η
5
‐koordinierende Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riesinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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11
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Riesinger C, Dütsch L, Balázs G, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Cationic Functionalisation by Phosphenium Ion Insertion. Chemistry 2020; 26:17165-17170. [PMID: 32996637 PMCID: PMC7839539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Cp'''Ni(η3 -P3 )] (1) with in situ generated phosphenium ions [RR'P]+ yields the unprecedented polyphosphorus cations of the type [Cp'''Ni(η3 -P4 R2 )][X] (R=Ph (2 a), Mes (2 b), Cy (2 c), 2,2'-biphen (2 d), Me (2 e); [X]- =[OTf]- , [SbF6 ]- , [GaCl4 ]- , [BArF ]- , [TEF]- ) and [Cp'''Ni(η3 -P4 RCl)][TEF] (R=Ph (2 f), tBu (2 g)). In the reaction of 1 with [Br2 P]+ , an analogous compound is observed only as an intermediate and the final product is an unexpected dinuclear complex [{Cp'''Ni}2 (μ,η3 :η1 :η1 -P4 Br3 )][TEF] (3 a). A similar product [{Cp'''Ni}2 (μ,η3 :η1 :η1 -P4 (2,2'-biphen)Cl)][GaCl4 ] (3 b) is obtained, when 2 d[GaCl4 ] is kept in solution for prolonged times. Although the central structural motif of 2 a-g consists of a "butterfly-like" folded P4 ring attached to a {Cp'''Ni} fragment, the structures of 3 a and 3 b exhibit a unique asymmetrically substituted and distorted P4 chain stabilised by two {Cp'''Ni} fragments. Additional DFT calculations shed light on the reaction pathway for the formation of 2 a-2 g and the bonding situation in 3 a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Luis Dütsch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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12
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Abstract
The reactivity of the cyclo-P4 ligand complex [Cp′′′Co(η4-P4)] (1) (Cp′′′ = 1,2,4-tri-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl) towards reduction and main group nucleophiles was investigated. By using K[CpFe(CO)2], a selective reduction to the dianionic complex [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η3:η3-P8)]2− (2) was achieved. The reaction of 1 with tBuLi and LiCH2SiMe3 as carbon-based nucleophiles yielded [Cp′′′Co(η3-P4R)]− (R = tBu (4), CH2SiMe3 (7)), which, depending on the reaction conditions, undergo subsequent reactions with another equivalent of 1 to form [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η3:η3-P8R)]− (R = tBu (5), CH2SiMe3 (8)). In the case of 4, a different pathway was observed, namely a dimerisation followed by a fragmentation into [Cp′′′Co(η3-P5tBu2)]− (6) and [Cp′′′Co(η3-P3)]− (3). With OH− as an oxygen-based nucleophile, the synthesis of [Cp′′′Co(η3-P4(O)H)]− (9) was achieved. All compounds were characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Their electronic structures and reaction behavior were elucidated by DFT calculations. The reactivity of the cyclo-P4 ligand complex [Cp′′′Co(η4-P4)] (1) (Cp′′′ = 1,2,4-tri-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl) towards reduction and main group nucleophiles was investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany https://www.uni-regensburg.de/chemie-pharmazie/anorganische-chemie-scheer/
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany https://www.uni-regensburg.de/chemie-pharmazie/anorganische-chemie-scheer/
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany https://www.uni-regensburg.de/chemie-pharmazie/anorganische-chemie-scheer/
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13
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Ringkontraktion durch NHC‐induzierte Pnictogen‐Abstraktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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14
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Ring Contraction by NHC‐Induced Pnictogen Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16563-16568. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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