1
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Di Bello E, Noce B, Fioravanti R, Zwergel C, Valente S, Rotili D, Fianco G, Trisciuoglio D, Mourão MM, Sales P, Lamotte S, Prina E, Späth GF, Häberli C, Keiser J, Mai A. Effects of Structurally Different HDAC Inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania, and Schistosoma mansoni. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1356-1366. [PMID: 35732073 PMCID: PMC9274761 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Neglected tropical
diseases (NTDs), including trypanosomiasis,
leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis, result in a significant burden
in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. Current
antiparasitic drugs suffer from several limitations such as toxicity,
no efficacy toward all of the forms of the parasites’ life
cycle, and/or induction of resistance. Histone-modifying enzymes play
a crucial role in parasite growth and survival; thus, the use of epigenetic
drugs has been suggested as a strategy for the treatment of NTDs.
We tested structurally different HDACi 1–9, chosen from our in-house library or newly synthesized,
against Trypanosoma cruzi,
Leishmania spp, and Schistosoma mansoni. Among them, 4 emerged as the most potent against all
of the tested parasites, but it was too toxic against host cells,
hampering further studies. The retinoic 2′-aminoanilide 8 was less potent than 4 in all parasitic assays,
but as its toxicity is considerably lower, it could be the starting
structure for further development. In T. cruzi, compound 3 exhibited a single-digit micromolar inhibition of parasite
growth combined with moderate toxicity. In S. mansoni, 4’s close analogs 17–20 were tested in new transformed schistosomula (NTS) and
adult worms displaying high death induction against both parasite
forms. Among them, 17 and 19 exhibited very
low toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, thus
being promising compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fianco
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina M Mourão
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Sales
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Suzanne Lamotte
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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2
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Melsen PRA, Yoshisada R, Jongkees SAK. Opportunities for expanding encoded chemical diversification and improving hit enrichment in mRNA-displayed peptide libraries. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100685. [PMID: 35100479 PMCID: PMC9306583 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA‐encoded small‐molecule libraries and mRNA displayed peptide libraries both use numerically large pools of oligonucleotide‐tagged molecules to identify potential hits for protein targets. They differ dramatically, however, in the ‘drug‐likeness’ of the molecules that each can be used to discover. We give here an overview of the two techniques, comparing some advantages and disadvantages of each, and suggest areas where particularly mRNA display can benefit from adopting advances developed with DNA‐encoded small molecule libraries. We outline cases where chemical modification of the peptide library has already been used in mRNA display, and survey opportunities to expand this using examples from DNA‐encoded small molecule libraries. We also propose potential opportunities for encoding such reactions within the mRNA/cDNA tag of an mRNA‐displayed peptide library to allow a more diversity‐oriented approach to library modification. Finally, we outline alternate approaches for enriching target‐binding hits from a pooled and tagged library, and close by detailing several examples of how an adjusted mRNA‐display based approach could be used to discover new ‘drug‐like’ modified small peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy R A Melsen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryoji Yoshisada
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
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3
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Gruß H, Feiner RC, Mseya R, Schröder DC, Jewgiński M, Müller KM, Latajka R, Marion A, Sewald N. Peptide stapling by late-stage Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1-12. [PMID: 35047078 PMCID: PMC8744458 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of peptide stapling techniques to stabilise α-helical secondary structure motifs of peptides led to the design of modulators of protein–protein interactions, which had been considered undruggable for a long time. We disclose a novel approach towards peptide stapling utilising macrocyclisation by late-stage Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of bromotryptophan-containing peptides of the catenin-binding domain of axin. Optimisation of the linker length in order to find a compromise between both sufficient linker rigidity and flexibility resulted in a peptide with an increased α-helicity and enhanced binding affinity to its native binding partner β-catenin. An increased proteolytic stability against proteinase K has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Gruß
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Feiner
- Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ridhiwan Mseya
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - David C Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kristian M Müller
- Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoine Marion
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Dachwitz S, Scharkowski B, Sewald N. Negishi Cross-Coupling Provides Alkylated Tryptophans and Tryptophan Regioisomers. Chemistry 2021; 27:18043-18046. [PMID: 34713938 PMCID: PMC9299634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mild transition‐metal catalysed cross‐couplings enable direct functionalisation of biocatalytically halogenated tryptophans with alkyl iodides, representing a new alternative for late‐stage derivatisations of halogenated aromatic amino acids. Moreover, this strategy enables preparation of (homo)tryptophan regioisomers in a simple two‐step synthesis using a Pd‐catalysed Negishi cross coupling. This method provides access to non‐canonical constitutional surrogates of tryptophan, ready for use in peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dachwitz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bjarne Scharkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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5
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Sharma SV, Pubill-Ulldemolins C, Marelli E, Goss RJM. An expedient, mild and aqueous method for Suzuki-Miyaura diversification of (hetero)aryl halides or (poly)chlorinated pharmaceuticals. Org Chem Front 2021; 8:5722-5727. [PMID: 34745636 PMCID: PMC8506956 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of mild, aqueous conditions for the cross-coupling of highly functionalized (hetero)aryl chlorides or bromides is attractive, enabling their functionalization and diversification. Herein, we report a general method for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling at 37 °C in aqueous media in the presence of air. We demonstrate application of this general methodology for derivatisation of (poly)chlorinated, medicinally active compounds and halogenated amino acids. The approach holds the potential to be a useful tool for late-stage functionalization or analogue generation. Simple, aqueous and direct cross-coupling of diverse and complex (hetero)aromatic halides and active pharmaceutical agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V Sharma
- School of Chemistry and BSRC, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Enrico Marelli
- School of Chemistry and BSRC, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Rebecca J M Goss
- School of Chemistry and BSRC, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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6
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Crowe C, Molyneux S, Sharma SV, Zhang Y, Gkotsi DS, Connaris H, Goss RJM. Halogenases: a palette of emerging opportunities for synthetic biology-synthetic chemistry and C-H functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9443-9481. [PMID: 34368824 PMCID: PMC8407142 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic generation of carbon-halogen bonds is a powerful strategy used by both nature and synthetic chemists to tune the bioactivity, bioavailability and reactivity of compounds, opening up the opportunity for selective C-H functionalisation. Genes encoding halogenase enzymes have recently been shown to transcend all kingdoms of life. These enzymes install halogen atoms into aromatic and less activated aliphatic substrates, achieving selectivities that are often challenging to accomplish using synthetic methodologies. Significant advances in both halogenase discovery and engineering have provided a toolbox of enzymes, enabling the ready use of these catalysts in biotransformations, synthetic biology, and in combination with chemical catalysis to enable late stage C-H functionalisation. With a focus on substrate scope, this review outlines the mechanisms employed by the major classes of halogenases, while in parallel, it highlights key advances in the utilisation of the combination of enzymatic halogenation and chemical catalysis for C-H activation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Crowe
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Samuel Molyneux
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Sunil V. Sharma
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Danai S. Gkotsi
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Helen Connaris
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
| | - Rebecca J. M. Goss
- School of Chemistry, and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North HaughSt Andrews KY16 9STUK
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7
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymkatalysierte späte Modifizierungen: Besser spät als nie. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:16962-16993. [PMID: 38505660 PMCID: PMC10946893 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDie Enzymkatalyse gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Synthesechemie. Die durch Bioinformatik und Enzym‐Engineering stetig wachsende Zahl von Biokatalysatoren eröffnet eine große Vielfalt selektiver Reaktionen. Insbesondere für späte Funktionalisierungsreaktionen ist die Biokatalyse ein geeignetes Werkzeug, das oftmals der konventionellen De‐novo‐Synthese überlegen ist. Enzyme haben sich als nützlich erwiesen, um funktionelle Gruppen direkt in komplexe Molekülgerüste einzuführen sowie für die rasche Diversifizierung von Substanzbibliotheken. Biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierungen, Halogenierungen, Methylierungen, Reduktionen und Amidierungen sind von besonderem Interesse, da diese Strukturmotive häufig in Pharmazeutika vertreten sind. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Stärken und Schwächen der enzymkatalysierten späten Modifizierungen durch native und optimierte Enzyme in der Synthesechemie. Ebenso werden wichtige Beispiele in der Wirkstoffentwicklung hervorgehoben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
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8
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymatic Late-Stage Modifications: Better Late Than Never. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16824-16855. [PMID: 33453143 PMCID: PMC8359417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis is gaining increasing importance in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, the growing number of biocatalysts accessible by means of bioinformatics and enzyme engineering opens up an immense variety of selective reactions. Biocatalysis especially provides excellent opportunities for late-stage modification often superior to conventional de novo synthesis. Enzymes have proven to be useful for direct introduction of functional groups into complex scaffolds, as well as for rapid diversification of compound libraries. Particularly important and highly topical are enzyme-catalysed oxyfunctionalisations, halogenations, methylations, reductions, and amide bond formations due to the high prevalence of these motifs in pharmaceuticals. This Review gives an overview of the strengths and limitations of enzymatic late-stage modifications using native and engineered enzymes in synthesis while focusing on important examples in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
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9
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Two Novel, Flavin-Dependent Halogenases from the Bacterial Consortia of Botryococcus braunii Catalyze Mono- and Dibromination. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogen substituents often lead to a profound effect on the biological activity of organic compounds. Flavin-dependent halogenases offer the possibility of regioselective halogenation at non-activated carbon atoms, while employing only halide salts and molecular oxygen. However, low enzyme activity, instability, and narrow substrate scope compromise the use of enzymatic halogenation as an economical and environmentally friendly process. To overcome these drawbacks, it is of tremendous interest to identify novel halogenases with high enzymatic activity and novel substrate scopes. Previously, Neubauer et al. developed a new hidden Markov model (pHMM) based on the PFAM tryptophan halogenase model, and identified 254 complete and partial putative flavin-dependent halogenase genes in eleven metagenomic data sets. In the present study, the pHMM was used to screen the bacterial associates of the Botryococcus braunii consortia (PRJEB21978), leading to the identification of several putative, flavin-dependent halogenase genes. Two of these new halogenase genes were found in one gene cluster of the Botryococcus braunii symbiont Sphingomonas sp. In vitro activity tests revealed that both heterologously expressed enzymes are active flavin-dependent halogenases able to halogenate indole and indole derivatives, as well as phenol derivatives, while preferring bromination over chlorination. Interestingly, SpH1 catalyses only monohalogenation, while SpH2 can catalyse both mono- and dihalogenation for some substrates.
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10
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Kudo F, Takahashi S, Miyanaga A, Nakazawa Y, Nishino K, Hayakawa Y, Kawamura K, Ishikawa F, Tanabe G, Iwai N, Nagumo Y, Usui T, Eguchi T. Mutational Biosynthesis of Hitachimycin Analogs Controlled by the β-Amino Acid-Selective Adenylation Enzyme HitB. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:539-547. [PMID: 33625847 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hitachimycin is a macrolactam antibiotic with an (S)-β-phenylalanine (β-Phe) at the starter position of its polyketide skeleton. (S)-β-Phe is formed from l-α-phenylalanine by the phenylananine-2,3-aminomutase HitA in the hitachimycin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we produced new hitachimycin analogs via mutasynthesis by feeding various (S)-β-Phe analogs to a ΔhitA strain. We obtained six hitachimycin analogs with F at the ortho, meta, or para position and Cl, Br, or a CH3 group at the meta position of the phenyl moiety, as well as two hitachimycin analogs with thienyl substitutions. Furthermore, we carried out a biochemical and structural analysis of HitB, a β-amino acid-selective adenylation enzyme that introduces (S)-β-Phe into the hitachimycin biosynthetic pathway. The KM values of the incorporated (S)-β-Phe analogs and natural (S)-β-Phe were similar. However, the KM values of unincorporated (S)-β-Phe analogs with Br and a CH3 group at the ortho or para position of the phenyl moiety were high, indicating that HitB functions as a gatekeeper to select macrolactam starter units during mutasynthesis. The crystal structure of HitB in complex with (S)-β-3-Br-phenylalanine sulfamoyladenosine (β-m-Br-Phe-SA) revealed that the bulky meta-Br group is accommodated by the conformational flexibility around Phe328, whose side chain is close to the meta position. The aromatic group of β-m-Br-Phe-SA is surrounded by hydrophobic and aromatic residues, which appears to confer the conformational flexibility that enables HitB to accommodate the meta-substituted (S)-β-Phe. The new hitachimycin analogs exhibited different levels of biological activity in HeLa cells and multidrug-sensitive budding yeast, suggesting that they may target different molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Sotaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Akimasa Miyanaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kota Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naeko Iwai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoko Nagumo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeo Usui
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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11
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Kemker I, Schröder DC, Feiner RC, Müller KM, Marion A, Sewald N. Tuning the Biological Activity of RGD Peptides with Halotryptophans†. J Med Chem 2020; 64:586-601. [PMID: 33356253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An array of l- and d-halotryptophans with different substituents at the indole moiety was synthesized employing either enzymatic halogenation by halogenases or incorporation of haloindoles using tryptophan synthase. Introduction of these Trp derivatives into RGD peptides as a benchmark system was performed to investigate their influence on bioactivity. Halotryptophan-containing RGD peptides display increased affinity toward integrin αvβ3 and enhanced selectivity over integrin α5β1. In addition, bromotryptophan was exploited as a platform for late-stage diversification by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC), resulting in new-to-nature biaryl motifs. These peptides show enhanced affinity toward αvβ3, good affinity to αvβ8, and remarkable selectivity over α5β1 and αIIbβ3 while featuring fluorogenic properties. Their feasibility as a probe was demonstrated in vitro. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations were undertaken to elucidate NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data for these late-stage diversified cyclic RGD peptides and to further characterize their conformational preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Kemker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David C Schröder
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Feiner
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kristian M Müller
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Antoine Marion
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Kimya Bölümü Üniversiteler Mah., Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Kimya Bölümü Üniversiteler Mah., Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Menon BRK, Richmond D, Menon N. Halogenases for biosynthetic pathway engineering: Toward new routes to naturals and non-naturals. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1823788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binuraj R. K. Menon
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniel Richmond
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Navya Menon
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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13
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Minges H, Sewald N. Recent Advances in Synthetic Application and Engineering of Halogenases. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Minges
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
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14
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General synthesis of unnatural 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-bromo-d-tryptophans by means of a regioselective indole alkylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Pd-mediated reactions have emerged as a powerful tool for the site-selective and bioorthogonal late-stage diversification of amino acids, peptides and related compounds. Indole moieties of tryptophan derivatives are susceptible to C2 H-activation, whereas halogenated aromatic amino acids such as halophenylalanines or halotryptophans provide a broad spectrum of different functionalisations. The compatibility of transition-metal-catalysed cross-couplings with functional groups in peptides, other biologically active compounds and even proteins has been demonstrated. This Review primarily compiles the application of different cross-coupling reactions to modify halotryptophans, halotryptophan containing peptides or halogenated, biologically active compounds derived from tryptophan. Modern approaches use regio- and stereoselective biocatalytic strategies to generate halotryptophans and derivatives on a preparative scale. The combination of bio- and chemocatalysis in cascade reactions is given by the biocompatibility and bioorthogonality of Pd-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Gruß
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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16
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Pubill‐Ulldemolins C, Sharma SV, Cartmell C, Zhao J, Cárdenas P, Goss RJM. Heck Diversification of Indole-Based Substrates under Aqueous Conditions: From Indoles to Unprotected Halo-tryptophans and Halo-tryptophans in Natural Product Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:10866-10875. [PMID: 31125453 PMCID: PMC6772188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The blending of synthetic chemistry with biosynthetic processes provides a powerful approach to synthesis. Biosynthetic halogenation and synthetic cross-coupling have great potential to be used together, for small molecule generation, access to natural product analogues and as a tool for chemical biology. However, to enable enhanced generality of this approach, further synthetic tools are needed. Though considerable research has been invested in the diversification of phenylalanine and tyrosine, functionalisation of tryptophans thorough cross-coupling has been largely neglected. Tryptophan is a key residue in many biologically active natural products and peptides; in proteins it is key to fluorescence and dominates protein folding. To this end, we have explored the Heck cross-coupling of halo-indoles and halo-tryptophans in water, showing broad reaction scope. We have demonstrated the ability to use this methodology in the functionalisation of a brominated antibiotic (bromo-pacidamycin), as well as a marine sponge metabolite, barettin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pubill‐Ulldemolins
- Department of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
- Present address: Department of ChemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN19QJUK
| | - Sunil V. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | | | - Jinlian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsala75123Sweden
| | - Rebecca J. M. Goss
- Department of Chemistry and BSRCUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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