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Chen X, Yu M, Li P, Xu C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Xing X. Recent Progress on Chiral Carbon Dots: Synthetic Strategies and Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5548-5566. [PMID: 37735749 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of chiral carbon dots (Ch-CDs) has opened up an exciting new research direction in the field of carbon dots. It not only retains the chirality of the precursor and exhibits highly symmetric chiral optical properties but also has properties such as chemical stability, antibacterial and antitumor properties, and good biocompatibility of carbon dots. Based on these advantages, the application of Ch-CDs in the biomedical field has attracted significant interest among researchers. However, a comprehensive review of the selection of precursors for Ch-CDs, preparation methods, and applications in biomedical fields is still lacking. Here, we summarize their precursor selection and preparation methods based on recent reports on Ch-CDs and provide the first comprehensive review for specific applications in biomedical engineering, such as biosensing, bioimaging, drug carriers, antibacterial and antibiofilm, and enzyme activity modulation. Finally, we discuss application prospects and challenges that need to be overcome. We hope this review will provide valuable guidance for researchers to prepare novel Ch-CDs and facilitate their application in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Meizhe Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peili Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Chunning Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiyin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yanglei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Tang H, Chen Q, Meng G, Lu S, Qin J, Yang K, Gao L, Wang Z, He Y. A graphitic-C 3N 4 derivative containing heptazines merged with phenyls: synthesis, purification and application as a high-efficiency metal-free quasi-green phosphor for white LEDs. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12509-12517. [PMID: 37091623 PMCID: PMC10120611 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Because rare-earth elements are scarce, expensive, and unsustainable, it is of great significance to develop rare-earth-free (even metal-free) luminescent materials as phosphors for LEDs. Here, a graphitic-C3N4 (g-C3N4) derivative containing some heptazines merged with phenyls has been synthesized via thermal polymerization of melamine and quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione at an optimal mole ratio of 18 : 1. In comparison with g-C3N4 synthesized from melamine only, the photoluminescent (PL) emission colour changed from blue to green, the maximum emission wavelength (λ em,max) changed from 467 nm to 508 nm, and the PL quantum yield (PLQY) increased from 8.0% to 24.0%. It was further purified via vacuum sublimation, and a product with yellowish green emission (λ em,max = 517 nm) and PLQY up to 45.5% was obtained. This sublimated product had high thermal stability and low thermal quenching; its thermal decomposition temperature was as high as 527 °C, and its relative PL emission intensity at 100 °C was 90.8% of that at 20 °C. Excited by blue light chips (λ em,max ≈ 460 nm), cold, neutral and warm white LEDs can be fabricated using the sublimated product and orange-emitting (Sr,Ba)3SiO5:Eu2+ as phosphors. The good performances of these white LEDs (for example, the CIE coordinates, color rendering index and correlated color temperature were (0.31, 0.33), 84.4 and 6577 K, respectively) suggest that the low-efficiency blue-emitting g-C3N4 had been successfully converted into a high-efficiency metal-free quasi-green phosphor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shiyou Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Long Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Zhengliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 P. R. China
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 China
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Guan X, Li Z, Geng X, Lei Z, Karakoti A, Wu T, Kumar P, Yi J, Vinu A. Emerging Trends of Carbon-Based Quantum Dots: Nanoarchitectonics and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207181. [PMID: 36693792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a fascinating class of advanced materials with a unique combination of optoelectronic, biocompatible, and catalytic characteristics, apt for a plethora of applications ranging from electronic to photoelectrochemical devices. Recent research works have established carbon-based QDs for those frontline applications through improvements in materials design, processing, and device stability. This review broadly presents the recent progress in the synthesis of carbon-based QDs, including carbon QDs, graphene QDs, graphitic carbon nitride QDs and their heterostructures, as well as their salient applications. The synthesis methods of carbon-based QDs are first introduced, followed by an extensive discussion of the dependence of the device performance on the intrinsic properties and nanostructures of carbon-based QDs, aiming to present the general strategies for device designing with optimal performance. Furthermore, diverse applications of carbon-based QDs are presented, with an emphasis on the relationship between band alignment, charge transfer, and performance improvement. Among the applications discussed in this review, much focus is given to photo and electrocatalytic, energy storage and conversion, and bioapplications, which pose a grand challenge for rational materials and device designs. Finally, a summary is presented, and existing challenges and future directions are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xun Geng
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhihao Lei
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Wang N, Cheng L, Liao Y, Xiang Q. Effect of Functional Group Modifications on the Photocatalytic Performance of g-C 3 N 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300109. [PMID: 36965084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysis has received increasing attention in alleviating energy scarcity and environmental treatment, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is used as an ideal photocatalyst. However, it still remains numerous challenges to obtain the desirable photocatalytic performance of intrinsic g-C3 N4 . Functional group functionalization, formed by introducing functional groups into the bulk structure, is one of the common modification techniques to modulate the carrier dynamics and increases the number of active sites, offering new opportunities to break the limits for structure-to-performance relationship of g-C3 N4 . Nevertheless, the general overview of the advance of functional group modification of g-C3 N4 is less reported yet. In order to better understand the structure-to-performance relationship at the molecular level, a review of the latest development of functional group modification is urgently needed. In this review, the functional group modification of g-C3 N4 in terms of structures, properties, and photocatalytic activity is mainly focused, as well as their mechanism of reaction from the molecular level insights is explained. Second, the recent progress of the application of introducing functional groups in g-C3 N4 is introduced and examples are given. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are presented, and based on this, an outlook on the future research development direction is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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5
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Roy R, Chacko AR, Abraham T, Korah BK, John BK, Punnoose MS, Mohan C, Mathew B. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitrides (g‐C
3
N
4
) as Photoluminescence Sensing Probe: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Anu Rose Chacko
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | | | - Binila K Korah
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Bony K John
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Mamatha Susan Punnoose
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Chitra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
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6
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Pang Y, Yao Y, Yang M, Wu D, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T. TFEB-lysosome pathway activation is associated with different cell death responses to carbon quantum dots in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:31. [PMID: 35477523 PMCID: PMC9047349 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon dot has been widely used in biomedical field as a kind of nanomaterial with low toxicity and high biocompatibility. CDs has demonstrated its unique advantages in assisted drug delivery, target diagnosis and targeted therapy with its small size and spontaneous fluorescence. However, the potential biosafety of CDs cannot be evaluated. Therefore, we focused on the study of liver, the target organ involved in CDs metabolism, to evaluate the risk of CDs in vitro. Methods and results Liver macrophage KUP5 cells and normal liver cells AML12 cells were incubated in CDs at the same concentration for 24 h to compare the different effects under the same exposure conditions. The study found that both liver cell models showed ATP metabolism disorder, membrane damage, autophagosome formation and lysosome damage, but the difference was that, KUP5 cells exhibited more serious damage than AML12 cells, suggesting that immunogenic cell type is particularly sensitive to CDs. The underlying mechanism of CDs-induced death of the two hepatocyte types were also assessed. In KUP5 cells, death was caused by inhibition of autophagic flux caused by autophagosome accumulation, this process that was reversed when autophagosome accumulation was prevented by 3-MA. AML12 cells had no such response, suggesting that the accumulation of autophagosomes caused by CDs may be specific to macrophages. Conclusion Activation of the TFEB-lysosome pathway is important in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. The dual regulation of ERK and mTOR phosphorylation upstream of TFEB influences the death outcome of AML12 cells. These findings provide a new understanding of how CDs impact different liver cells and contribute to a more complete toxicological safety evaluation of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Yangzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yangzhou, 225200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Daming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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7
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Liu X, Zhang H, Cai Z, Guo L. Fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride with photocatalytic oxidase-like activity for anti-counterfeiting application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120685. [PMID: 34890870 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein bulk phenyl- and carbon-modified graphitic carbon nitride (PCCN) powders with tunable fluorescent emission from green-color to yellow-color were prepared by copolymerization of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine and 2,2,6-triaminopyrimidine. The corresponding nanosheets with blue-color to green-color fluorescence were obtained by the oxidation of their bulk powders in sulfuric or nitric acid and then ultrasonic exfoliation. The typical PCCN0.6 nanosheets not only displayed strong green-color fluorescence but also exhibited photocatalytic oxidase-like activity, which can catalyze the oxidation of substrates 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and Amplex UltraRed by O2 to produce blue-color colorimetric product and pink-color fluorescent product, respectively. By taking advantage of green-color fluorescence and photocatalytic activity of PCCN0.6 nanosheets, a prototype for high-level anti-counterfeiting application was demonstrated by using the mixture of PCCN0.6 nanosheets and Amplex UltraRed as the fluorescent ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhuang Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Liangqia Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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Cheng R, Xiang Y, Guo R, Li L, Zou G, Fu C, Hou H, Ji X. Structure and Interface Modification of Carbon Dots for Electrochemical Energy Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102091. [PMID: 34318998 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) as new nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics. Notably, structure and interface modification (carbon core, edge, defects, and functional groups) of CDs have been considered as valid methods to regulate their properties, which contain electron transfer effect, electrochemical activity, fluorescence luminescent, and so on. Additionally, CDs with ultrasmall size, excellent dispersibility, high specific surface area, and abundant functional groups can guarantee positive and extraordinary effects in electrical energy storage and conversion. Therefore, CDs are used to couple with other materials by constructing a special interface structure to enhance their properties. Here, diverse structural and interfacial modifications of CDs with various heteroatoms and synergy effects are systematically analyzed. And not only several main syntheses of CDs-based composites (CDs/X) are summarized but also the merit and demerit of CDs/X in electrical energy storage are discussed. Finally, the applications of CDs/X in energy storage devices (supercapacitors, batteries) and electrocatalysts for practical applications are discussed. This review mainly provides a comprehensive summary and future prospect for synthesis, modification, and electrochemical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinger Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chaopeng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Wang B, Song H, Qu X, Chang J, Yang B, Lu S. Carbon dots as a new class of nanomedicines: Opportunities and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Naik GG, Shah J, Balasubramaniam AK, Sahu AN. Applications of natural product-derived carbon dots in cancer biology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:587-608. [PMID: 33660530 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have contributed conspicuously to the development of innovative nanomedicines. Hence, the interface between nanomaterial science and plant natural products may bestow comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tackling diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Natural product-derived carbon dots (NPdCDs) have revealed noteworthy attributes in the fields of cancer theranostics, microbial imaging, drug sensing and drug delivery. As plants consist of a cocktail of bioactive phytomolecules, the NPdCDs can be anticipated to have medicinal properties, biocompatibility, photo-stability and easy functionalization. NPdCDs have wide-ranging applications. The primary objective of this review is to comment on recent developments in the use of NPdCDs, with special reference to their application in cancer biology. The future of the use of NPdCDs has also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gopal Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jainam Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alakh N Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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11
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Zhao P, Jin B, Zhang Q, Peng R. High-Quality Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots on Photoluminescence: Effect of Carbon Sources. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1760-1767. [PMID: 33508931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) are a new class of nanomaterial with an extraordinary photoluminescent property. Here, three highly water-soluble and photoluminescent CNQDs are synthesized through a green and facile one-step hydrothermal approach, with urea as the nitrogen source and citric acid and its salts as carbon sources. The photoluminescence (PL) performance demonstrated that the fluorescence emission peak was altered by neither the structures nor the molar ratio of urea to the carbon source. Three highly luminescent CNQDs with a quantum yield of 40% were obtained when the molar ratio of urea to sodium citrate, citric acid, and ammonium citrate was 6:1, 18:1, and 18:1, which have average sizes of 4.1, 4.6, and 6.3 nm, respectively. Moreover, the possibility of using CNQDs as potential probes to determine the concentration of iron is also discussed. The results show that the as-prepared CNQDs has high selectivity for Fe3+ ions. The quenching mechanism of CNQDs by iron is connected with the nitrogen functional groups on the surface of CNQDs. Results showed valuable information about the effects of the carbon source on the PL efficiency, biocompatibility, and metal ion detection properties of CNQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rufan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
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12
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Tian Z, López‐Salas N, Liu C, Liu T, Antonietti M. C 2N: A Class of Covalent Frameworks with Unique Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001767. [PMID: 33344122 PMCID: PMC7740084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
C2N is a unique member of the CnNm family (carbon nitrides), i.e., having a covalent structure that is ideally composed of carbon and nitrogen with only 33 mol% of nitrogen. C2N, with a stable composition, can easily be prepared using a number of precursors. Moreover, it is currently gaining extensive interest owing to its high polarity and good thermal and chemical stability, complementing carbon as well as classical carbon nitride (C3N4) in various applications, such as catalysis, environmental science, energy storage, and biotechnology. In this review, a comprehensive overview on C2N is provided; starting with its preparation methods, followed by a fundamental understanding of structure-property relationships, and finally introducing its application in gas sorption and separation technologies, as supercapacitor and battery electrodes, and in catalytic and biological processes. The review with an outlook on current research questions and future possibilities and extensions based on these material concepts is ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14476Germany
| | - Nieves López‐Salas
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14476Germany
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122P. R. China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14476Germany
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Gao M, An P, Rao H, Niu Z, Xue X, Luo M, Liu X, Xue Z, Lu X. Molecule-gated surface chemistry of Pt nanoparticles for constructing activity-controllable nanozymes and a three-in-one sensor. Analyst 2020; 145:1279-1287. [PMID: 31867591 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple strategy for constructing activity-controllable nanozymes is proposed based on the glutathione (GSH)-gated surface chemistry of citrate-capped Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs). PtNPs have been shown to have oxidase-like activity that can effectively catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tertamethylbenzidine (TMB) by O2, resulting in a typical color reaction from colorless to blue. We found that GSH can inhibit the oxidase-like activity of PtNPs as a molecule-gated surface chemistry element, resulting in a dramatic decrease of the oxidation of TMB. The addition of copper ions (Cu2+) could oxidize GSH into glutathione disulfide (GSSG), resulting in the distinct suppression of GSH-modulated PtNP surface chemistry and oxidase-like activity inhibition, which further results in a significant acceleration of TMB oxidation and the obvious recovery of intense blue color. Furthermore, the color-based detection signal associated with the redox of TMB indicator here was found to show good fluorescence and a photothermal effect and exhibit sensitive and selective response toward the proposed molecule-gated surface chemistry and Cu2+ target. On the basis of this phenomenon, we successfully constructed a three-in-one sensor for Cu2+ with a triple signal readout, colorimetric, photothermal (temperature), and fluorescence, depending on the proposed in situ modulation method for PtNP catalysis. The applicability of the three-in-one sensor was also demonstrated by measuring Cu2+ in human serum with a standard addition method, and the results are of satisfactory accuracy as confirmed by ICP-MS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Zheng X, Sun J, Li W, Dong B, Song Y, Xu W, Zhou Y, Wang L. Engineering nanotubular titania with gold nanoparticles for antibiofilm enhancement and soft tissue healing promotion. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Zhang T, Qu J, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wu D, Cao Y, Yang M, Zhang Y, Tang M, Pu Y. N-doped carbon dots triggered the induction of ROS-mediated cytoprotective autophagy in Hepa1-6 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126440. [PMID: 32169699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging fluorescent nano-imaging probe due to their unique characteristics, such as good conductivity, carbon-based chemical composition, and photochemical stability, which sets up the potential of outperforming the classic metal-based quantum dots (QDs). It is a timely effort to proactively investigate the biocompatibility feature of CDs with a view to safely utilize this emerging nanomaterial in biological systems. In this study, we assessed the safety profile of an in-house synthesized CDs in hepatocyte-like Hepa 1-6 cells, which represents an important target organ for CDs exposure through either particle uptake and/or accumulation and elimination from primary exposure sites post particle administration. We not only demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent compromised cell viability, but also observed the induction of autophagy at high concentration (i.e. 400 μg mL-1), authenticated by the conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II. We attributed these changes as the protective mechanism by which the cells used to compensate for CDs-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity. The involvement of autophagy was further confirmed because the cytotoxicity profile can be increased or reduced by the use of 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) and NAC (ROS inhibitor), respectively. Collectively, our findings revealed dose-dependent moderate cytotoxicity in Hepa 1-6 cells. Mechanistic understanding of autophagy during the cellular process revealed the homeostasis when liver cells deal with CDs as an external insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yitenng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Daming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuna Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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16
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Zhao H, Qin X, Zhao L, Dong S, Gu L, Sun W, Wang D, Zheng Y. Invisible Inks for Secrecy and Anticounterfeiting: From Single to Double-encryption by Hydrochromic Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8952-8960. [PMID: 31972084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Secret information recorded by traditional single-encrypted invisible inks is easily cracked because the inks can switch only between "NONE" and "TRUTH". Developing double-encrypted systems makes the information reversibly switchable between "FALSE" and "TRUTH", which is helpful to ensure the safety of the secret information during transport. Here, we prepared heat-developed invisible inks by hydrochromic molecules donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) and oxazolidines (OXs) and promoted the invisible inks from single to double encryption. DASAs coordinate with water molecules and form stable colorless cyclic DASA·xH2O molecules, which lose coordinated water molecules after heating and switch to colored linear DASAs. In contrast, OXs are colored with water and are colorless after heating. Single-encrypted secrecy was realized by DASA invisible inks. The information is invisible under the encrypted state and becomes bright purple after heating. Vapor treating re-encrypted the information in ∼5 min. Furthermore, the single-encryption was promoted to double-encryption by a DASA/OX invisible inks system. Heating and vapor treating switch the information between the "FALSE" and "TRUTH" reversibly. The DASA/OX invisible ink system is applied for secrecy of texts, graphic images, and quick response (QR) codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
| | - Xingchen Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University Northridge , Northridge , California 91330-8262 , United States
| | - Shumin Dong
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
| | - Lianghong Gu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xihua University , Chengdu , 610039 , China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering of UESTC , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
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17
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Huang G, Lin Y, Zhang L, Yan Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. Synthesis of Sulfur-Selenium Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Biological Imaging and Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19651. [PMID: 31873130 PMCID: PMC6928214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfur-selenium doped carbon quantum dots (S,Se-CQDs) were synthesized by one-step through hydrothermal method in this study, which have high fluorescence quantum yield (43%) and advanced ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). They were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the clearance rate of free radical reached to 40% with 200 μg/mL of S,Se-CQDs. The antioxidant activity of S,Se-CQDs is related to -SH and Se-SH on carbon quantum dots. S,Se-CQDs were able to access to cells which is beneficial to enhance the removal efficiency to ROS. In the biocompatibility experiment, the cell survival rate exceeded 95%, there was little effect on hatching rate, survival rate and heart rate of zebrafish which demonstrated that S,Se-CQDs have an excellent biocompatibility. It prompts that S,Se-CQDs will has proud application prospects in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Linxiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yudong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
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18
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Zhou Q, Li G, Chen K, Yang H, Yang M, Zhang Y, Wan Y, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Simultaneous Unlocking Optoelectronic and Interfacial Properties of C60 for Ultrasensitive Immunosensing by Coupling to Metal–Organic Framework. Anal Chem 2019; 92:983-990. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaiyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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