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Koner K, Sasmal HS, Shetty D, Banerjee R. Thickness-Driven Synthesis and Applications of Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406418. [PMID: 38726702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two-dimensional, crystalline porous framework materials with numerous scopes for tunability, such as porosity, functionality, stability and aspect ratio (thickness to length ratio). The manipulation of π-stacking in COFs results in truly 2D materials, namely covalent organic nanosheets (CONs), adds advantages in many applications. In this Minireview, we have discussed both top-down (COFs→CONs) and bottom-up (molecules→CONs) approaches with precise information on thickness and lateral growth. We have showcased the research progress on CONs in a few selected applications, such as batteries, catalysis, sensing and biomedical applications. This Minireview specifically highlights the reports where the authors compare the performance of CONs with COFs by demonstrating the impact of the thickness and lateral growth of the nanosheets. We have also provided the possible scope of exploration of CONs research in terms of inter-dimensional conversion, such as graphene to carbon nanotube and future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalipada Koner
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Himadri Sekhar Sasmal
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science & Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Mei A, Guo H, Zhang W, Liu Y, Chen W. Regulating Water Adsorption Sites of Keto-Enamine COF by Base Exfoliation and Deprotonation for Enhanced Humidity Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403521. [PMID: 39031831 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF) has received much attention owing to its unique framework structure formed by diverse organic units. However, challenges, including low conductivity, structure instability, and limited control of adsorption and desorption processes, stimulate the modification of COF in electronic sensors. Herein, inspired by the alterable structure of COF in different solvents, a facile base exfoliation and deprotonation method is proposed to regulate the water adsorption sites and improve the intrinsic conductivity of TpPa-1 COF. TpPa-1 COF powders are exfoliated to nanosheets to increase water adsorption, while the deprotonation is utilized to adjust the affinity of water molecules on TpPa-1 COF framework, contributing to water accumulation in the 1D pores. The as-fabricated TpPa-1 COF sensor exhibits a decreased recovery time from 419 to 49 s, forming a linear relation between relative humidity (RH) value and humidity response. The excellent chemical stability of the covalent bond of TpPa-1 COF contributes to the excellent stable device performance in 30 days, promoting further integration and data analysis in respiration monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yueli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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3
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Ahmed SA, Liu Y, Xiong T, Zhao Y, Xie B, Pan C, Ma W, Yu P. Iontronic Sensing Based on Confined Ion Transport. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8056-8077. [PMID: 38663001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Saud Asif Ahmed
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yueru Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Boyang Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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Bhagwandin DD, Page KA, Tran LD, Yao Y, Reidell A, Muratore C, Fang Q, Ruditskiy A, Hampton CM, Kennedy WJ, Drummy LF, Zhong Y, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Lou J, Koerner H, Baldwin LA, Glavin NR. Orientation and morphology control in acid-catalyzed covalent organic framework thin films. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8369-8377. [PMID: 38572999 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As thin films of semiconducting covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are demonstrating utility for ambipolar electronics, channel materials in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), and broadband photodetectors, control and modulation of their thin film properties is paramount. In this work, an interfacial growth technique is utilized to synthesize imine TAPB-PDA COF films at both the liquid-liquid interface as well as at the liquid-solid interface on a Si/SiO2 substrate. The concentration of acetic acid catalyst in the aqueous phase is shown to significantly influence the thin film morphology of the liquid-solid growth, with concentrations below 1 M resulting in no film nucleation, concentrations of 1-4 M enabling smooth film formation, and concentrations greater than 4 M resulting in films with a higher density of particulates on the surface. Importantly, while the films grown at the liquid-liquid interface are mixed-orientation, those grown directly at the liquid-solid interface on the Si/SiO2 surface have highly oriented COF layers aligned parallel to the substrate surface. Moreover, this liquid-solid growth process affords TAPB-PDA COF thin films with p-type charge transport having a transconductance of 10 μS at a gate voltage of -0.9 V in an OECT device structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanni D Bhagwandin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
- UES, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, USA
| | - Kirt A Page
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
- UES, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, USA
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ly D Tran
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
- UES, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexander Reidell
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
- UES, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, USA
| | - Christopher Muratore
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA
| | - Qiyi Fang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Aleksey Ruditskiy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
- UES, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, USA
| | - Cheri M Hampton
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
- UES, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, USA
| | - W Joshua Kennedy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Lawrence F Drummy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Luke A Baldwin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
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5
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Ma X, Kang J, Cao W, Wu Y, Pang C, Li S, Yi Z, Xiong Y, Li C, Wang M, Xu Z, Li J. Anthracene-based dual channel donor-acceptor triazine-containing covalent organic frameworks for superior photoelectrochemical sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:665-675. [PMID: 38211484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit excellent photoelectrically active structures and serve as channels for photon capture and charge carrier transport. However, their relatively high charge-carrier recombination rates and lack of specific recognition sites limit their application in photoelectrochemical sensing. This paper reports a functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) COF comprising electron-rich polycyclic aromatic moieties and electron-deficient triazines (Tz) incorporating boronic acid through ligand exchange. The number of aromatic rings in the polycyclic aromatic moiety is crucial for establishing an efficient D-A system within COF. In the absence of an external electron donor, the anthracene-based COF exhibited a five-fold enhancement in photocurrent compared to the naphthalene-based COF. The resulting anthracene-based D-A COF exhibited enhanced orbital overlap and electron push-pull interactions, facilitating more effective charge separation. Furthermore, introducing boronic acid enabled the selective enrichment of low-concentration external electron donors, such as dopamine, in the inner Helmholtz plane. This ingenious approach establishes a unique dual-channel D-A system that allows direct measurement of dopamine in serum. Under optimized conditions, the test platform achieves good correspondence for dopamine at 1 to 100 nM and 0.5 to 100 μM with a detecting limit of 0.36 nM (3σ/S, n = 11). This strategy introduces a novel dimension to photoelectrochemical sensing, focusing on the effect of spatial separation between the external electron donor and the photoelectrode interface that intricately shapes the behavior and enhances the performance of the photoelectric system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jinsheng Kang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenwen Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chaohai Pang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuhao Xiong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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6
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Tran DK, West SM, Guo J, Chen SE, Ginger DS, Jenekhe SA. Chain Length Dependence of Electron Transport in an n-Type Conjugated Polymer with a Rigid-Rod Chain Topology. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1435-1446. [PMID: 38174986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Most currently known n-type conjugated polymers have a semiflexible chain topology, and their charge carrier mobilities are known to peak at modest chain lengths of below 40-60 repeat units. Herein, we show that the field-effect electron mobility of a model n-type conjugated polymer that has a rigid-rod chain topology grows continuously without saturation, even at a chain length exceeding 250 repeat units. We found the mechanism underlying the novel chain length-dependent electron transport to originate from the reduced structural disorder and energetic disorder with the increasing degree of polymerization inherent to the rigid-rod chain topology. Furthermore, we demonstrate a unique chain length-dependent decay of threshold voltage, which is rationalized by decreased trap densities and trap depths with respect to the degree of polymerization. Our findings provide new insights into the role of polymer chain topology in electron transport and demonstrate the promise of rigid-rod chain architectures for the design of future high-mobility conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen K Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sarah M West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shinya E Chen
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samson A Jenekhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Burke DW, Jiang Z, Livingston AG, Dichtel WR. 2D Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Liquid-Phase Molecular Separations: State of the Field, Common Pitfalls, and Future Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300525. [PMID: 37014260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are attractive candidates for next-generation membranes due to their robust linkages and uniform, tunable pores. Many publications have claimed to achieve selective molecular transport through COF pores, but reported performance metrics for similar networks vary dramatically, and in several cases the reported experiments are inadequate to support such conclusions. These issues require a reevaluation of the literature. Published examples of 2D COF membranes for liquid-phase separations can be broadly divided into two categories, each with common performance characteristics: polycrystalline COF films (most >1 µm thick) and weakly crystalline or amorphous films (most <500 nm thick). Neither category has demonstrated consistent relationships between the designed COF pore structure and separation performance, suggesting that these imperfect materials do not sieve molecules through uniform pores. In this perspective, rigorous practices for evaluating COF membrane structures and separation performance are described, which will facilitate their development toward molecularly precise membranes capable of performing previously unrealized chemical separations. In the absence of this more rigorous standard of proof, reports of COF-based membranes should be treated with skepticism. As methods to control 2D polymerization improve, precise 2D polymer membranes may exhibit exquisite and energy efficient performance relevant for contemporary separation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Membrane Research, Exactmer Limited, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, RM10 7FN, UK
| | - Andrew G Livingston
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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8
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Qin Y, Zhu X, Huang R. Covalent organic frameworks: linkage types, synthetic methods and bio-related applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6942-6976. [PMID: 37750827 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of small organic molecules linked via covalent bonds, which have tunable mesoporous structure, good biocompatibility and functional diversities. These excellent properties make COFs a promising candidate for constructing biomedical nanoplatforms and provide ample opportunities for nanomedicine development. A systematic review of the linkage types and synthesis methods of COFs is of indispensable value for their biomedical applications. In this review, we first summarize the types of various linkages of COFs and their corresponding properties. Then, we highlight the reaction temperature, solvent and reaction time required by different synthesis methods and show the most suitable synthesis method by comparing the merits and demerits of various methods. To appreciate the cutting-edge research on COFs in bioscience technology, we also summarize the bio-related applications of COFs, including drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging, biosensing and antimicrobial applications. We hope to provide insight into the interdisciplinary research on COFs and promote the development of COF nanomaterials for biomedical applications and their future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinran Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rongqin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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9
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Shirokura T, Hirohata T, Sato K, Villani E, Sekiya K, Chien YA, Kurioka T, Hifumi R, Hattori Y, Sone M, Tomita I, Inagi S. Site-Selective Synthesis and Concurrent Immobilization of Imine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks on Electrodes Using an Electrogenerated Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307343. [PMID: 37294142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Imine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials with prospective uses in various devices. However, general bulk synthetic methods usually produce COFs as powders that are insoluble in most of the common organic solvents, arising challenges for the subsequent molding and fixing of these materials on substrates. Here, we report a novel synthetic methodology that utilizes an electrogenerated acid (EGA), which is produced at an electrode surface by electrochemical oxidation of a suitable precursor, acting as an effective Brønsted acid catalyst for imine bond formation from the corresponding amine and aldehyde monomers. Simultaneously, it provides the corresponding COF film deposited on the electrode surface. The COF structures obtained with this method exhibited high crystallinities and porosities, and the film thickness could be controlled. Furthermore, such process was applied for the synthesis of various imine-based COFs, including a three-dimensional (3D) COF structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Shirokura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hirohata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Elena Villani
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Sekiya
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yu-An Chien
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurioka
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ryoyu Hifumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masato Sone
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
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10
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Mohan Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu M, Thumsi A, Nile R, D Ridenour B, Khodaei T, P Suresh A, Esrafili A, Jin K, P Acharya A. Orally delivered 2D covalent organic frameworks releasing kynurenine generate anti-inflammatory T cell responses in collagen induced arthritis mouse model. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122204. [PMID: 37329683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF) crystalline biomaterials have great potential for drug delivery since they can load large amounts of small molecules (e.g. metabolites) and release them in a controlled manner, as compared to their amorphous counterparts. Herein, we screened different metabolites for their ability to modulate T cell responses in vitro and identified Kynurenine (KyH) as a key metabolite that not only decreases frequency of pro-inflammatory RORgt + T cells but also supports frequency of anti-inflammatory GATA3+ T cells. Moreover, we developed a methodology to generate imine-based TAPB-PDA COF at room temperature and loaded these COFs with KyH. KyH loaded COFs (COF-KyH) were able to then release KyH in a controlled manner for 5 days in vitro. Notably, COF-KyH when delivered orally in mice induced with collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) were able to increase frequency of anti-inflammatory GATA3+CD8+ T cells in the lymph nodes and decrease antibody titers in the serum as compared to the controls. Overall, these data demonstrate that COFs can be an excellent drug delivery vehicle for delivering immune modulating small molecule metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhirami Thumsi
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Richard Nile
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Brian D Ridenour
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Taravat Khodaei
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Abhirami P Suresh
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Arezoo Esrafili
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Kailong Jin
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Biodesign Center for Biomaterials Innovation and Translation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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11
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Xia C, Joo SW, Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Xie H, Wu Y, Mashifana T, Vasseghian Y. Latest advances in layered covalent organic frameworks for water and wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138580. [PMID: 37019401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of layered covalent organic frameworks (LCOFs) for the adsorption and degradation of pollutants in water and wastewater treatment. LCOFs have unique properties such as high surface area, porosity, and tunability, which make them attractive adsorbents and catalysts for water and wastewater treatment. The review covers the different synthesis methods for LCOFs, including self-assembly, co-crystallization, template-directed synthesis, covalent organic polymerization (COP), and solvothermal synthesis. It also covers the structural and chemical characteristics of LCOFs, their adsorption and degradation capacity for different pollutants, and their comparison with other adsorbents and catalysts. Additionally, it discussed the mechanism of adsorption and degradation by LCOFs, the potential applications of LCOFs in water and wastewater treatment, case studies and pilot-scale experiments, challenges, and limitations of using LCOFs, and future research directions. The current state of research on LCOFs for water and wastewater treatment is promising, however, more research is needed to improve their performance and practicality. The review highlights that LCOFs have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of current water and wastewater treatment methods and can also have implications for policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea.
| | - Akbar Hojjati-Najafabadi
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Huan Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yingji Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Tebogo Mashifana
- The University of Johannesburg, Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2088, South Africa
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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12
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Ahmed SA, Li W, Xing XL, Pan XT, Xi K, Li CY, Wang K, Xia XH. Ammonia-Induced Anomalous Ion Transport in Covalent Organic Framework Nanochannels. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2179-2185. [PMID: 37245157 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
More anomalous transport behaviors have been observed with the rapid progress in nanofabrication technology and characterization tools. The ions/molecules inside nanochannels can act dramatically different from those in the bulk systems and exhibit novel mechanisms. Here, we have reported the fabrication of a nanodevice, covalent organic frameworks covered theta pipette (CTP), that combine the advantages of theta pipette (TP), nanochannels framework, and field-effect transistors (FETs) for controlling and modulating the anomalous transport. Our results show that ammonia, a weak base, causes a continuous supply of ions inside covalent organic framework (COF) nanochannels, leading to an abnormally high current depending on the ionic/molecular size and the pore size of the nanochannel. Furthermore, CTP can distinguish different concentrations of ammonia and have all of the qualities of a nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Asif Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518114, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518114, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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13
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Dighe AV, Bhawnani RR, Podupu PKR, Dandu NK, Ngo AT, Chaudhuri S, Singh MR. Microkinetic insights into the role of catalyst and water activity on the nucleation, growth, and dissolution during COF-5 synthesis. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37082906 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical pathway for synthesizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) involves a complex medley of reaction sequences over a rippling energy landscape that cannot be adequately described using existing theories. Even with the development of state-of-the-art experimental and computational tools, identifying primary mechanisms of nucleation and growth of COFs remains elusive. Other than empirically, little is known about how the catalyst composition and water activity affect the kinetics of the reaction pathway. Here, for the first time, we employ time-resolved in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) coupled with a six-parameter microkinetic model consisting of ∼10 million reactions and over 20 000 species. The integrated approach elucidates previously unrecognized roles of catalyst pKa on COF yield and water on growth rate and size distribution. COF crystalline yield increases with decreasing pKa of the catalysts, whereas the effect of water is to reduce the growth rate of COF and broaden the size distribution. The microkinetic model reproduces the experimental data and quantitatively predicts the role of synthesis conditions such as temperature, catalyst, and precursor concentration on the nucleation and growth rates. Furthermore, the model also validates the second-order reaction mechanism of COF-5 and predicts the activation barriers for classical and non-classical growth of COF-5 crystals. The microkinetic model developed here is generalizable to different COFs and other multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish V Dighe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Rajan R Bhawnani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Prem K R Podupu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Naveen K Dandu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Santanu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Meenesh R Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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14
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Su C, Jia M, Xue X, Tang C, Li L, Hu X. Core-shell magnetic CFO@COF composites toward peroxymonosulfate activation for degradation of sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution: A comparative study and mechanistic consideration. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137159. [PMID: 36343735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell covalent organic framework encapsulated Co1.2Fe1.8O4 magnetic particles (CFO@COF) was designed and prepared successfully to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. It displays amazing catalytic reactivity since the unique interior structure and synergistic effect between COF shell and CFO core, reaching 99.8% removal of SMX (10 mg/L) within 30 min and 90.8% TOC removal. The synergy between bimetals vests high reactivity to CFO core. And the outer COF shell can stabilize the CFO core under intricate reaction conditions to restrain the leaching of Co ions (decreased from 0.75 to 0.25 mg/L). Further investigation compared the activation mechanism in two different system, CFO/PMS system and CFO@COF/PMS system. The result showed that the radical mechanism controlled by SO4⋅- guided the SMX degradation in CFO/PMS system whereas the 1O2 played a pivotal role in CFO@COF/PMS system called non-radical leading. The influences of various factors on degradation experiments and SMX degradation pathway were also studied. Most importantly, risk assessment in CFO@COF/PMS/SMX system was estimated via "ecological structure activity relationships". In most case, the toxicities of intermediates were lower than the initial samples, which confirmed the effectiveness of CFO@COF/PMS/SMX system in the reduction of toxicity of SMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Su
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Muhan Jia
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Xue
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Limited, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Chenliu Tang
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Limited, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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15
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Tin-nitrogen coordination boosted lithium-storage sites and electrochemical properties in covalent-organic framework with layer-assembled hollow structure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:591-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Ahmed SA, Xing XL, Liao QB, Li ZQ, Li CY, Xi K, Wang K, Xia XH. Study on Ammonia Content and Distribution in the Microenvironment Based on Covalent Organic Framework Nanochannels. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11224-11229. [PMID: 35917478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A crack-free micrometer-sized compact structure of 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene-terephthaldehyde-covalent organic frameworks (TAPB-PDA-COFs) was constructed in situ at the tip of a theta micropipette (TMP). The COF-covered theta micropipette (CTP) then created a stable liquid-gas interface inside COF nanochannels, which was utilized to electrochemically analyze the content and distribution of ammonia gas in the microenvironments. The TMP-based electrochemical ammonia sensor (TEAS) shows a high sensing response, with current increasing linearly from 0 to 50,000 ppm ammonia, owing to the absorption of ammonia gas in the solvent meniscus that connects both barrels of the TEAS. The TEAS also exhibits a short response and recovery time of 5 ± 2 s and 6 ± 2 s, respectively. This response of the ammonia sensor is remarkably stable and repeatable, with a relative standard deviation of 6% for 500 ppm ammonia gas dispensing with humidity control. Due to its fast, reproducible, and stable response to ammonia gas, the TEAS was also utilized as a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) probe for imaging the distribution of ammonia gas in a microspace. This study unlocks new possibilities for using a TMP in designing microscale probes for gas sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Asif Ahmed
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518114, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518114, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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17
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Li X, Shigemitsu H, Goto T, Kida T, Sekino T, Fujitsuka M, Osakada Y. Porphyrin covalent organic nanodisks synthesized using acid-assisted exfoliation for improved bactericidal efficacy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2992-2995. [PMID: 36133516 PMCID: PMC9417065 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin covalent organic nanodisks (CONs) were synthesized by exfoliating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in acidic aqueous solutions at pH 4. The synthesized CONs showed remarkable bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli owing to enhanced generation of singlet oxygen upon visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Li
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Hajime Shigemitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tomoyo Goto
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University 1-1 Yamadagaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tohru Sekino
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University 1-1 Yamadagaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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18
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You J, Kong Q, Zhang C, Xian Y. Designed synthesis of an sp 2 carbon-conjugated fluorescent covalent organic framework for selective detection of Fe 3. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2389-2395. [PMID: 35666475 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00626j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new fully conjugated covalent organic framework material (COFTFPPy-ThDAN) has been synthesized via the Knoevenagel condensation reaction using 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy) as the chromogenic unit and 2,2'-([2,2'-bithiophene]-5,5'-diyl)diacetonitrile (ThDAN) as the linker. The COFTFPPy-ThDAN has been successfully prepared under the optimized conditions and showed excellent crystallinity and chemical stability. Especially, it was able to maintain its crystallinity even when immersed under harsh conditions such as HCl (3 M) and NaOH (3 M). Meanwhile, COFTFPPy-ThDAN exhibited good fluorescence properties, which could remain relatively stable under different pH conditions. Moreover, COFTFPPy-ThDAN was further employed for the detection of Fe3+ with high sensitivity and selectivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.26 μM. COFTFPPy-ThDAN with high stability and fluorescence is a promising material for chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Qianqian Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yuezhong Xian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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19
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Burmeister D, Trunk MG, Bojdys MJ. Development of metal-free layered semiconductors for 2D organic field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11559-11576. [PMID: 34661213 PMCID: PMC8521667 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To this day, the active components of integrated circuits consist mostly of (semi-)metals. Concerns for raw material supply and pricing aside, the overreliance on (semi-)metals in electronics limits our abilities (i) to tune the properties and composition of the active components, (ii) to freely process their physical dimensions, and (iii) to expand their deployment to applications that require optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and permeability. 2D organic semiconductors match these criteria more closely. In this review, we discuss a number of 2D organic materials that can facilitate charge transport across and in-between their π-conjugated layers as well as the challenges that arise from modulation and processing of organic polymer semiconductors in electronic devices such as organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burmeister
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias G Trunk
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House Guy's Campus, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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20
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Covalent organic frameworks for fluorescent sensing: Recent developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Zhang M, Li Y, Yuan W, Guo X, Bai C, Zou Y, Long H, Qi Y, Li S, Tao G, Xia C, Ma L. Construction of Flexible Amine-linked Covalent Organic Frameworks by Catalysis and Reduction of Formic Acid via the Eschweiler-Clarke Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12396-12405. [PMID: 33682274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the current mainstream rigid covalent organic frameworks (COFs) linked by imine bonds, flexible COFs have certain advantages of elasticity and self-adaptability, but their construction and application are greatly limited by the complexity in synthesis and difficulty in obtaining regular structure. Herein, we reported for the first time a series of flexible amine-linked COFs with high crystallinity synthesized by formic acid with unique catalytic and reductive bifunctional properties, rather than acetic acid, the most common catalyst for COF synthesis. The reaction mechanism was demonstrated to be a synchronous in situ reduction during the formation of imine bond. The flexibilities of the products endow them with accommodative adaptability to guest molecules, thus increasing the adsorption capacities for nitrogen and iodine by 27 % and 22 %, respectively. Impressively, a novel concept of flexibilization degree was proposed firstly, which provides an effective approach to rationally measure the flexibility of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chiyao Bai
- Chengdu New Radiomedicine Technology CO. LTD., Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yingdi Zou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Honghan Long
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yue Qi
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shoujian Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guohong Tao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chuanqin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Ma
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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22
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Zhang M, Li Y, Yuan W, Guo X, Bai C, Zou Y, Long H, Qi Y, Li S, Tao G, Xia C, Ma L. Construction of Flexible Amine‐linked Covalent Organic Frameworks by Catalysis and Reduction of Formic Acid via the Eschweiler–Clarke Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wenli Yuan
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chiyao Bai
- Chengdu New Radiomedicine Technology CO. LTD. Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yingdi Zou
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Honghan Long
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yue Qi
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Shoujian Li
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Guohong Tao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chuanqin Xia
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Lijian Ma
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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23
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Feriante C, Evans AM, Jhulki S, Castano I, Strauss MJ, Barlow S, Dichtel WR, Marder SR. New Mechanistic Insights into the Formation of Imine-Linked Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18637-18644. [PMID: 33058663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A more robust mechanistic understanding of imine-linked two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) is needed to improve their crystalline domain sizes and to control their morphology, both of which are necessary to fully realize their application potential. Here, we present evidence that 2D imine-linked COFs rapidly polymerize as crystalline sheets that subsequently reorganize to form stacked structures. Primarily, this study focuses on the first few minutes of 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and terephthaldehyde polymerization, which yields an imine-linked 2D COF. In situ X-ray diffraction and thorough characterization of solids obtained using gentler isolation and activation methods than have typically been used in the literature indicate that periodic imine-linked 2D structures form within 60 s, which then form more ordered stacked structures over the course of several hours. This stacking process imparts improved stability toward the isolation process relative to that of the early stage materials, which likely obfuscated previous mechanistic conclusions regarding 2D polymerization that were based on products isolated using harsh activation methods. This revised mechanistic picture has useful implications; the 2D COF layers isolated at very short reaction times are easily exfoliated, as observed in this work using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These results suggest improved control of imine-linked 2D COF formation can be obtained through manipulation of the polymerization conditions and interlayer interactions. Qualitatively similar results were obtained for analogous materials obtained from 2,5-di(alkoxy)terephthaldehyde derivatives, except for the COF with the longest alkoxy chains examined (OC12H25), which, although shown by in situ X-ray diffraction to be highly crystalline in the reaction mixture, is much less crystalline when isolated than the other COFs examined, likely due to the more severe steric impact of the dodecyloxy functionality on the stacking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Feriante
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samik Jhulki
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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24
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Guan Q, Wang GB, Zhou LL, Li WY, Dong YB. Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks as theranostic platforms for oncotherapy: synthesis, functionalization, and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3656-3733. [PMID: 36132748 PMCID: PMC9419729 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is one of the most promising domains that has emerged in the continuing search for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The rapid development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology provide a vast array of materials for use in cancer nanomedicine. Among the various nanomaterials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are becoming an attractive class of upstarts owing to their high crystallinity, structural regularity, inherent porosity, extensive functionality, design flexibility, and good biocompatibility. In this comprehensive review, recent developments and key achievements of COFs are provided, including their structural design, synthesis methods, nanocrystallization, and functionalization strategies. Subsequently, a systematic overview of the potential oncotherapy applications achieved till date in the fast-growing field of COFs is provided with the aim to inspire further contributions and developments to this nascent but promising field. Finally, development opportunities, critical challenges, and some personal perspectives for COF-based cancer therapeutics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Guang-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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