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Tunca Arın TA, Sedlacek O. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Advanced 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Chemical Design to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5630-5649. [PMID: 39151065 PMCID: PMC11388145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is a rapidly evolving research area with a high potential to advance the field of clinical diagnostics. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in the field of fluorinated stimuli-responsive polymers applied as 19F MRI tracers. These polymers respond to internal or external stimuli (e.g., temperature, pH, oxidative stress, and specific molecules) by altering their physicochemical properties, such as self-assembly, drug release, and polymer degradation. Incorporating noninvasive 19F labels enables us to track the biodistribution of such polymers. Furthermore, by triggering polymer transformation, we can induce changes in 19F MRI signals, including attenuation, amplification, and chemical shift changes, to monitor alterations in the environment of the tracer. Ultimately, this review highlights the emerging potential of stimuli-responsive fluoropolymer 19F MRI tracers in the current context of polymer diagnostics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ayça Tunca Arın
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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2
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Ji Y, Zheng J, Geng Z, Wang X, Hou Y, Tian J, Hu J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Fluorocarbon Nanodroplets: Their Formation and Stability in Complex Solution Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9108-9119. [PMID: 38632937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (NDs) are expanding in a wide range of applications in biotechnology and nanotechnology. Their efficacy in biological systems is significantly influenced by their size uniformity and stability within bioelectrolyte contexts. Presently, methods for creating monodisperse, highly concentrated, and well-stabilized PFC NDs under harsh conditions using low energy consumption methods have not been thoroughly developed, and their stability has not been sufficiently explored. This gap restricts their applicability for advanced medical interventions in tissues with high pH levels and various electrolytic conditions. To tackle these challenges and to circumvent potential toxicity from surface stabilizers, we have conducted an in-depth investigation into the formation and stability of uncoated perfluorohexane (PFH) NDs, which were synthesized by using a low-energy consumption solvent exchange technique, across complex electrolyte compositions or a broad spectrum of pH levels. The results indicated that low concentrations of low-valent electrolyte ions facilitate the nucleation of NDs and consistently accelerate Ostwald ripening over an extended period. Conversely, high concentrations of highly valent electrolyte ions inhibit nucleation and decelerate the ripening process over time. Given the similarities between the properties of NDs and nanobubbles, we propose a potential stabilization mechanism. Electrolytes influence the Ostwald ripening of NDs by adjusting the adsorption and distribution of ions on the NDs' surface, modifying the thickness of the electric double layer, and fine-tuning the energy barrier between droplets. These insights enable precise control over the stability of PFC NDs through the meticulous adjustment of the surrounding electrolyte composition. This offers an effective preparation method and a theoretical foundation for employing bare PFC NDs in physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanli Geng
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Xingya Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangqian Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiakun Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiashan 314102, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Strasser P, Schinegger V, Friske J, Brüggemann O, Helbich TH, Teasdale I, Pashkunova-Martic I. Superfluorinated, Highly Water-Soluble Polyphosphazenes as Potential 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:40. [PMID: 38391893 PMCID: PMC10890119 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
"Hot spot" 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant attention recently for its ability to image various disease markers quantitatively. Unlike conventional gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents, which rely on proton signal modulation, 19F-MRI's direct detection has a unique advantage in vivo, as the human body exhibits a negligible background 19F-signal. However, existing perfluorocarbon (PFC) or PFC-based contrast materials suffer from several limitations, including low longitudinal relaxation rates and relatively low imaging efficiency. Hence, we designed a macromolecular contrast agent featuring a high number of magnetically equivalent 19F-nuclei in a single macromolecule, adequate fluorine nucleus mobility, and excellent water solubility. This design utilizes superfluorinated polyphosphazene (PPz) polymers as the 19F-source; these are modified with sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNa) to achieve water solubility exceeding 360 mg/mL, which is a similar solubility to that of sodium chloride. We observed substantial signal enhancement in MRI with these novel macromolecular carriers compared to non-enhanced surroundings and aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) used as a positive control. In conclusion, these novel water-soluble macromolecular carriers represent a promising platform for future MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Verena Schinegger
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Joachim Friske
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Structural and Molecular Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna and General Hospital of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Structural and Molecular Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna and General Hospital of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Irena Pashkunova-Martic
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Structural and Molecular Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna and General Hospital of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Zhang Z, Chen K, Ameduri B, Chen M. Fluoropolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12431-12470. [PMID: 37906708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated polymeric nanoparticles (FPNPs) combine unique properties of fluorocarbon and polymeric nanoparticles, which has stimulated massive interest for decades. However, fluoropolymers are not readily available from nature, resulting in synthetic developments to obtain FPNPs via free radical polymerizations. Recently, while increasing cutting-edge directions demand tailored FPNPs, such materials have been difficult to access via conventional approaches. Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are powerful methods to afford well-defined polymers. Researchers have applied RDRPs to the fabrication of FPNPs, enabling the construction of particles with improved complexity in terms of structure, composition, morphology, and functionality. Related examples can be classified into three categories. First, well-defined fluoropolymers synthesized via RDRPs have been utilized as precursors to form FPNPs through self-folding and solution self-assembly. Second, thermally and photoinitiated RDRPs have been explored to realize in situ preparations of FPNPs with varied morphologies via polymerization-induced self-assembly and cross-linking copolymerization. Third, grafting from inorganic nanoparticles has been investigated based on RDRPs. Importantly, those advancements have promoted studies toward promising applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, biomedical delivery, energy storage, adsorption of perfluorinated alkyl substances, photosensitizers, and so on. This Review should present useful knowledge to researchers in polymer science and nanomaterials and inspire innovative ideas for the synthesis and applications of FPNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier 34296, France
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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5
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Zhang X, Wang L, Huang R, Wang J, Yan Q. Perfluoro-tert-butyl Group-Derived Capmatinib: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Its Application in 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300354. [PMID: 37345408 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Capmatinib is an FDA-approved drug to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with MET-exon 14 skipping. Herein, the perfluoro-tert-butyl group, which possesses nine chemically identical fluorine atoms, was introduced on Capmatinib to afford a targeted 19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, perfluoro-tert-butyl group-derived Capmatinib (9F-CAP). The 19 F MRI concentration limit was found to be 25 mM in FLASH sequence. Molecular docking simulation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (with a Kd of 40.7 μM), half-inhibitory concentration (with a IC50 of 168 nM), Annexin V, and cytotoxicity assays jointly demonstrated that the 9F-CAP targeted cMET protein specifically. Therefore, the targeted imaging capability of 9F-CAP is of great significance for the preoperative diagnosis of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel, Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Luting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qifan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel, Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
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6
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Maxouri O, Bodalal Z, Daal M, Rostami S, Rodriguez I, Akkari L, Srinivas M, Bernards R, Beets-Tan R. How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started. BJR Open 2023; 5:20230019. [PMID: 37953866 PMCID: PMC10636348 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in the routine imaging workflow, providing both anatomical and functional information. 19F MRI is an evolving imaging modality where instead of 1H, 19F nuclei are excited. As the signal from endogenous 19F in the body is negligible, exogenous 19F signals obtained by 19F radiofrequency coils are exceptionally specific. Highly fluorinated agents targeting particular biological processes (i.e., the presence of immune cells) have been visualised using 19F MRI, highlighting its potential for non-invasive and longitudinal molecular imaging. This article aims to provide both a broad overview of the various applications of 19F MRI, with cancer imaging as a focus, as well as a practical guide to 19F imaging. We will discuss the essential elements of a 19F system and address common pitfalls during acquisition. Last but not least, we will highlight future perspectives that will enhance the role of this modality. While not an exhaustive exploration of all 19F literature, we endeavour to encapsulate the broad themes of the field and introduce the world of 19F molecular imaging to newcomers. 19F MRI bridges several domains, imaging, physics, chemistry, and biology, necessitating multidisciplinary teams to be able to harness this technology effectively. As further technical developments allow for greater sensitivity, we envision that 19F MRI can help unlock insight into biological processes non-invasively and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Li J, Kirberger SE, Wang Y, Cui H, Wagner CR, Pomerantz WCK. Design of Highly Fluorinated Peptides for Cell-based 19F NMR. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1477-1485. [PMID: 37523271 PMCID: PMC10699466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of imaging agents with high fluorine content is essential for overcoming the challenges associated with signal detection limits in 19F MRI-based molecular imaging. In addition to perfluorocarbon and fluorinated polymers, fluorinated peptides offer an additional strategy for creating sequence-defined 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging agents with a high fluorine signal. Our previously reported unstructured trifluoroacetyllysine-based peptides possessed good physiochemical properties and could be imaged at high magnetic field strength. However, the low detection limit motivated further improvements in the fluorine content of the peptides as well as removal of nonspecific cellular interactions. This research characterizes several new highly fluorinated synthetic peptides composed of highly fluorinated amino acids. 19F NMR analysis of peptides TB-1 and TB-9 led to highly overlapping, intense fluorine resonances and acceptable aqueous solubility. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy further showed nonspecific binding could be removed in the case of TB-9. As a preliminary experiment toward developing molecular imaging agents, a fluorinated EGFR-targeting peptide (KKKFFKK-βA-YHWYGYTPENVI) and an EGFR-targeting protein complex E1-DD bioconjugated to TB-9 were prepared. Both bioconjugates maintained good 19F NMR performance in aqueous solution. While the E1-DD-based imaging agent will require further engineering, the success of cell-based 19F NMR of the EGFR-targeting peptide in A431 cells supports the potential use of fluorinated peptides for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven E Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Huarui Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Mo Y, Huang C, Liu C, Duan Z, Liu J, Wu D. Recent Research Progress of 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200744. [PMID: 36512446 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of biomolecules, cells, and tissues, as well as metabolic processes in vivo is significant for studying the associated biological activities. Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) holds potential among various imaging technologies thanks to its negligible background signal and deep tissue penetration in vivo. To achieve detection on the targets with high resolution and accuracy, requirements of high-performance 19 F MRI probes are demanding. An ideal 19 F MRI probe is thought to have, first, fluorine tags with magnetically equivalent 19 F nuclei, second, high fluorine content, third, adequate fluorine nuclei mobility, as well as excellent water solubility or dispersity, but not limited to. This review summarizes the research progresses of 19 F MRI probes and mainly discusses the impacts of structures on in vitro and in vivo imaging performances. Additionally, the applications of 19 F MRI probes in ions sensing, molecular structures analysis, cells tracking, and in vivo diagnosis of disease lesions are also covered in this article. From authors' perspectives, this review is able to provide inspirations for relevant researchers on designing and synthesizing advanced 19 F MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Mo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chixiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziwei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Dalin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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9
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Wang E, Jónsson E, Grey CP. NMR Methodology for Measuring Dissolved O 2 and Transport in Lithium-Air Batteries. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:10001-10011. [PMID: 37284295 PMCID: PMC10240530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Similar to fuel cells, poor mass transport of redox active species, such as dissolved oxygen gas, is one of the challenges faced by lithium-air batteries (LABs). Capitalizing on the paramagnetic properties of O2, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure oxygen concentration and transport in LAB electrolytes. Lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonylimide (LiTFSI) in glymes or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents were investigated with 1H, 13C, 7Li, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, with the results showing that both the 1H, 13C, 7Li, and 19F bulk magnetic susceptibility shifts and the change in 19F relaxation times were accurate measures of dissolved O2 concentration. O2 saturation concentrations and diffusion coefficients were extracted that are comparable to values measured by electrochemical or pressure methods reported in the literature, highlighting the validity of this new methodology. This method also provides experimental evidence of the local O2 solvation environment, with results again comparable to previous literature and supported by our molecular dynamics simulations. A preliminary in situ application of our NMR methodology is demonstrated by measuring O2 evolution during LAB charging using LiTFSI in the glyme electrolyte. While the in situ LAB cell showed poor coulombic efficiency, since no additives were used, the O2 evolution was successfully quantified. Our work demonstrates the first usage of this NMR methodology to quantify O2 in LAB electrolytes, experimentally demonstrate solvation environments of O2, and detect O2 evolution in situ in a LAB flow cell.
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10
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Zhang B, Pinky SK, Kwansa AL, Ferguson S, Yingling YG, Stiff-Roberts AD. Correlation of Emulsion Chemistry, Film Morphology, and Device Performance in Polyfluorene LEDs Deposited by RIR-MAPLE. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18153-18165. [PMID: 36988336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of polyfluorene (PFO) were deposited using emulsion-based resonant infrared, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). Here, it is shown that properly selected surfactant chemistry in the emulsion can increase crystalline β phase (β-PFO) content and consequently improve the color purity of light emission. To determine the impact of surfactant on the device performance of resulting films, blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with PFO as an active region were fabricated and compared. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explain the physical and chemical changes in the emulsion properties as a function of the surfactant. The results indicate that the experimental film morphology and device performance are highly correlated to the emulsion droplet micelle structure and interaction energy among PFO, primary solvent, and water obtained from MD simulations. While the champion device performance was lower than other reported devices (luminous flux ∼0.0206 lm, brightness ∼725.58 cd/m2, luminous efficacy ∼0.0548 lm/W, and luminous efficiency ∼0.174 cd/A), deep blue emission with good color purity (CIE chromaticity diagram coordinate of (0.177,0.141)) was achieved for low operating voltages around 3 V. Furthermore, a much higher β-phase content of 21% was achieved in annealed films (without the pinholes typically found in β-PFO deposited by other techniques) by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sabila K Pinky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Albert L Kwansa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Spencer Ferguson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Adrienne D Stiff-Roberts
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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11
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Pinky SK, Kwansa AL, Zhang B, Stiff-Roberts AD, Yingling YG. Effect of solvent on the emulsion and morphology of polyfluorene films: all-atom molecular dynamics approach. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1782-1790. [PMID: 36779927 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of conjugated polymer thin films deposited by the resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) process is related to the emulsion characteristics. However, a fundamental understanding of how and why the emulsion characteristics control the film properties and device performance is yet unclear. We performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of emulsions containing a mixture of polyfluorene (PFO) polymer, various primary solvents, secondary solvent, and water. The emulsion properties were then examined as a function of variable primary solvent and correlated with the morphology of deposited PFO thin films. The examination of the explicit interactions between all components of the emulsion indicated that using a primary solvent with a lower solubility-in-water and a higher non-bonded interaction energy ratio, between the solvent, polymer, and water in the emulsion recipe, produced the best result with smoother and denser films. Additionally, our simulation results are consistent with the AFM experimental results, indicating that interactions driven by trichlorobenzene (TCB) primary solvent within the emulsion are responsible for high-quality, smooth, and continuous thin film surfaces. Overall, this study can support the choice of a suitable primary solvent and provides the computational framework for predictions of new recipes for polymeric emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabila K Pinky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State university, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Albert L Kwansa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State university, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Buang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Adrienne D Stiff-Roberts
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State university, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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12
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Chakma P, Zeitler SM, Baum F, Yu J, Shindy W, Pozzo LD, Golder MR. Mechanoredox Catalysis Enables a Sustainable and Versatile Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215733. [PMID: 36395245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable synthesis of macromolecules with control over sequence and molar mass remains a challenge in polymer chemistry. By coupling mechanochemistry and electron-transfer processes (i.e., mechanoredox catalysis), an energy-conscious controlled radical polymerization methodology is realized. This work explores an efficient mechanoredox reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization process using mechanical stimuli by implementing piezoelectric barium titanate and a diaryliodonium initiator with minimal solvent usage. This mechanoredox RAFT process demonstrates exquisite control over poly(meth)acrylate dispersity and chain length while also showcasing an alternative to the solution-state synthesis of semifluorinated polymers that typically utilize exotic solvents and/or reagents. This chemistry will find utility in the sustainable development of materials across the energy, biomedical, and engineering communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarah M Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fábio Baum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiatong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Waseem Shindy
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, 36 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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13
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Meng B, Grage SL, Babii O, Takamiya M, MacKinnon N, Schober T, Hutskalov I, Nassar O, Afonin S, Koniev S, Komarov IV, Korvink JG, Strähle U, Ulrich AS. Highly Fluorinated Peptide Probes with Enhanced In Vivo Stability for 19 F-MRI. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107308. [PMID: 36074982 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A labeling strategy for in vivo 19 F-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) based on highly fluorinated, short hydrophilic peptide probes, is developed. As dual-purpose probes, they are functionalized further by a fluorophore and an alkyne moiety for bioconjugation. High fluorination is achieved by three perfluoro-tert-butyl groups, introduced into asparagine analogues by chemically stable amide bond linkages. d-amino acids and β-alanine in the sequences endow the peptide probes with low cytotoxicity and high serum stability. This design also yielded unstructured peptides, rendering all 27 19 F substitutions chemically equivalent, giving rise to a single 19 F-NMR resonance with <10 Hz linewidth. The resulting performance in 19 F-MRI is demonstrated for six different peptide probes. Using fluorescence microscopy, these probes are found to exhibit high stability and long circulation times in living zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the probes can be conjugated to bovine serum albumin with only amoderate increase in 19 F-NMR linewidth to ≈30 Hz. Overall, these peptide probes are hence suitable for in vivo 19 F-MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Meng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) - Biological Information Processing, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Neil MacKinnon
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNFMi), KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Illia Hutskalov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Omar Nassar
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) - Biological Information Processing, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Wang Y, Tan X, Usman A, Zhang Y, Sawczyk M, Král P, Zhang C, Whittaker AK. Elucidating the Impact of Hydrophilic Segments on 19F MRI Sensitivity of Fluorinated Block Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1195-1201. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiao Tan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adil Usman
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michał Sawczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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15
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Allen BP, Wright ZM, Taylor HF, Oweida TJ, Kader-Pinky S, Patteson EF, Bucci KM, Cox CA, Senthilvel AS, Yingling YG, Knight AS. Mapping the Morphological Landscape of Oligomeric Di-block Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115547. [PMID: 35037351 PMCID: PMC8957712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-polymer amphiphiles (PPAs) are tunable hybrid materials that achieve complex assembly landscapes by combining the sequence-dependent properties of peptides with the structural diversity of polymers. Despite their promise as biomimetic materials, determining how polymer and peptide properties simultaneously affect PPA self-assembly remains challenging. We herein present a systematic study of PPA structure-assembly relationships. PPAs containing oligo(ethyl acrylate) and random-coil peptides were used to determine the role of oligomer molecular weight, dispersity, peptide length, and charge density on self-assembly. We observed that PPAs predominantly formed spheres rather than anisotropic particles. Oligomer molecular weight and peptide hydrophilicity dictated morphology, while dispersity and peptide charge affected particle size. These key benchmarks will facilitate the rational design of PPAs that expand the scope of biomimetic functionality within assembled soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zoe M Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hailey F Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas J Oweida
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sabila Kader-Pinky
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Emily F Patteson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kara M Bucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Caleb A Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Abishec Sundar Senthilvel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Li Y, Cui J, Li C, Zhou H, Chang J, Aras O, An F. 19 F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100701. [PMID: 34951121 PMCID: PMC9432482 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) is a promising imaging technique for cancer diagnosis because of its excellent soft tissue resolution and deep tissue penetration, as well as the inherent high natural abundance, almost no endogenous interference, quantitative analysis, and wide chemical shift range of the 19 F nucleus. In recent years, scientists have synthesized various 19 F MRI contrast agents. By further integrating a wide variety of nanomaterials and cutting-edge construction strategies, magnetically equivalent 19 F atoms are super-loaded and maintain satisfactory relaxation efficiency to obtain high-intensity 19 F MRI signals. In this review, the nuclear magnetic resonance principle underlying 19 F MRI is first described. Then, the construction and performance of various fluorinated contrast agents are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects regarding the clinical translation of 19 F MRI nanoprobes are considered. This review will provide strategic guidance and panoramic expectations for designing new cancer theranostic regimens and realizing their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlong Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Feifei An
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Allen BP, Wright ZM, Taylor HF, Oweida TJ, Kader-Pinky S, Patteson EF, Bucci KM, Cox CA, Senthilvel AS, Yingling YG, Knight AS. Mapping the Morphological Landscape of Oligomeric Di‐block Peptide‐Polymer Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Allen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Zoe M. Wright
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Hailey F. Taylor
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Thomas J. Oweida
- North Carolina State University at Raleigh: NC State University Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Sabila Kader-Pinky
- North Carolina State University at Raleigh: NC State University Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Emily F. Patteson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kenan Science Library: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Kara M. Bucci
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Caleb A. Cox
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Abishec Sundar Senthilvel
- North Carolina State University at Raleigh: NC State University Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | - Abigail S. Knight
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chemistry 319 CaudillUNC-Chapel Hill 27599 Chapel Hill UNITED STATES
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18
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Zhang C, Yan K, Fu C, Peng H, Hawker CJ, Whittaker AK. Biological Utility of Fluorinated Compounds: from Materials Design to Molecular Imaging, Therapeutics and Environmental Remediation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:167-208. [PMID: 34609131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The applications of fluorinated molecules in bioengineering and nanotechnology are expanding rapidly with the controlled introduction of fluorine being broadly studied due to the unique properties of C-F bonds. This review will focus on the design and utility of C-F containing materials in imaging, therapeutics, and environmental applications with a central theme being the importance of controlling fluorine-fluorine interactions and understanding how such interactions impact biological behavior. Low natural abundance of fluorine is shown to provide sensitivity and background advantages for imaging and detection of a variety of diseases with 19F magnetic resonance imaging, 18F positron emission tomography and ultrasound discussed as illustrative examples. The presence of C-F bonds can also be used to tailor membrane permeability and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and delivery agents for enhanced cell uptake and therapeutics. A key message of this review is that while the promise of C-F containing materials is significant, a subset of highly fluorinated compounds such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been identified as posing a potential risk to human health. The unique properties of the C-F bond and the significant potential for fluorine-fluorine interactions in PFAS structures necessitate the development of new strategies for facile and efficient environmental removal and remediation. Recent progress in the development of fluorine-containing compounds as molecular imaging and therapeutic agents will be reviewed and their design features contrasted with environmental and health risks for PFAS systems. Finally, present challenges and future directions in the exploitation of the biological aspects of fluorinated systems will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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19
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Švec P, Petrov OV, Lang J, Štěpnička P, Groborz O, Dunlop D, Blahut J, Kolouchová K, Loukotová L, Sedláček O, Heizer T, Tošner Z, Šlouf M, Beneš H, Hoogenboom R, Hrubý M. Fluorinated Ferrocene Moieties as a Platform for Redox-Responsive Polymer 19F MRI Theranostics. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V. Petrov
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 8 180 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 8 180 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Dunlop
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, CAS, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8 182 23, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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20
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Reis M, Gusev F, Taylor NG, Chung SH, Verber MD, Lee YZ, Isayev O, Leibfarth FA. Machine-Learning-Guided Discovery of 19F MRI Agents Enabled by Automated Copolymer Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17677-17689. [PMID: 34637304 PMCID: PMC10833148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern polymer science suffers from the curse of multidimensionality. The large chemical space imposed by including combinations of monomers into a statistical copolymer overwhelms polymer synthesis and characterization technology and limits the ability to systematically study structure-property relationships. To tackle this challenge in the context of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, we pursued a computer-guided materials discovery approach that combines synergistic innovations in automated flow synthesis and machine learning (ML) method development. A software-controlled, continuous polymer synthesis platform was developed to enable iterative experimental-computational cycles that resulted in the synthesis of 397 unique copolymer compositions within a six-variable compositional space. The nonintuitive design criteria identified by ML, which were accomplished by exploring <0.9% of the overall compositional space, lead to the identification of >10 copolymer compositions that outperformed state-of-the-art materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Filipp Gusev
- Department of Chemistry, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nicholas G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sang Hun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew D Verber
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Olexandr Isayev
- Department of Chemistry, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Modo M. 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Neuroscience. Neuroscience 2021; 474:37-50. [PMID: 33766776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has established itself as a key diagnostic technique, affording the visualization of brain anatomy, blood flow, activity and connectivity. The detection of other atoms (e.g. 19F, 23Na, 31P), so called hetero-nuclear MRI and spectroscopy (MRS), provides investigative avenues that complement and extend the richness of information that can be gained from 1H MRI. Especially 19F MRI is increasingly emerging as a multi-nuclear (1H/19F) technique that can be exploited to visualize cell migration and trafficking. The lack of a 19F background signal in the brain affords an unequivocal detection suitable for quantification. Fluorine-based contrast material can be engineered as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, or nanoparticles to label cells in vitro or in vivo. Fluorinated blood substitutes, typically nanoemulsions, can also carry oxygen and serve as a theranostic in poorly perfused brain regions. Brain tissue concentrations of fluorinated pharmaceuticals, including inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) and anti-depressants (e.g. fluoxetine), can also be measured using MRS. However, the low signal from these compounds provides a challenge for imaging. Further methodological advances that accelerate signal acquisition (e.g. compressed sensing, cryogenic coils) are required to expand the applications of 19F MR imaging to, for instance, determine the regional pharmacokinetics of novel fluorine-based drugs. Improvements in 19F signal detection and localization, combined with the development of novel sensitive probes, will increase the utility of these multi-nuclear studies. These advances will provide new insights into cellular and molecular processes involved in neurodegenerative disease, as well as the mode of action of pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Wu T, Li A, Chen K, Peng X, Zhang J, Jiang M, Chen S, Zheng X, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. Perfluoro- tert-butanol: a cornerstone for high performance fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7743-7757. [PMID: 34286714 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile quantification and tracking technology, 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) provides quantitative "hot-spot" images without ionizing radiation, tissue depth limit, and background interference. However, the lack of suitable imaging agents severely hampers its clinical application. First, because the 19F signals are solely originated from imaging agents, the relatively low sensitivity of MRI technology requires high local 19F concentrations to generate images, which are often beyond the reach of many 19F MRI agents. Second, the peculiar physicochemical properties of many fluorinated compounds usually lead to low 19F signal intensity, tedious formulation, severe organ retention, etc. Therefore, the development of 19F MRI agents with high sensitivity and with suitable physicochemical and biological properties is of great importance. To this end, perfluoro-tert-butanol (PFTB), containing nine equivalent 19F and a modifiable hydroxyl group, has outperformed most perfluorocarbons as a valuable building block for high performance 19F MRI agents. Herein, we summarize the development and application of PFTB-based 19F MRI agents and analyze the strategies to improve their sensitivity and physicochemical and biological properties. In the context of PFC-based 19F MRI agents, we also discuss the challenges and prospects of PFTB-based 19F MRI agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Anfeng Li
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Kexin Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Mou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China. and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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