1
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Wong KY, Wong MS, Liu J. Nanozymes for Treating Ocular Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401309. [PMID: 38738646 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes, characterized by their nanoscale size and enzyme-like catalytic activities, exhibit diverse therapeutic potentials, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-angiogenic effects. These properties make them highly valuable in nanomedicine, particularly ocular therapy, bypassing the need for systemic delivery. Nanozymes show significant promise in tackling multi-factored ocular diseases, particularly those influenced by oxidation and inflammation, like dry eye disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Their small size, coupled with their ease of modification and integration into soft materials, facilitates the effective penetration of ocular barriers, thereby enabling targeted or prolonged therapy within the eye. This review is dedicated to exploring ocular diseases that are intricately linked to oxidation and inflammation, shedding light on the role of nanozymes in managing these conditions. Additionally, recent studies elucidating advanced applications of nanozymes in ocular therapeutics, along with their integration with soft materials for disease management, are discussed. Finally, this review outlines directions for future investigations aimed at bridging the gap between nanozyme research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
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Feng K, Wang G, Wang S, Ma J, Wu H, Ma M, Zhang Y. Breaking the pH Limitation of Nanozymes: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401619. [PMID: 38615261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Although nanozymes have drawn great attention over the past decade, the activities of peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, and catalase-like nanozymes are often pH dependent with elusive mechanism, which largely restricts their application. Therefore, a systematical discussion on the pH-related catalytic mechanisms of nanozymes together with the methods to overcome this limitation is in need. In this review, various nanozymes exhibiting pH-dependent catalytic activities are collected and the root causes for their pH dependence are comprehensively analyzed. Subsequently, regulatory concepts including catalytic environment reconstruction and direct catalytic activity improvement to break this pH restriction are summarized. Moreover, applications of pH-independent nanozymes in sensing, disease therapy, and pollutant degradation are overviewed. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities on the development of pH-independent nanozymes are suggested. It is anticipated that this review will promote the further design of pH-independent nanozymes and broaden their application range with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Guancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Haoan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
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3
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Wang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Song A, Ren J, Qu X. A Self-Adaptive Pyroptosis Inducer: Optimizing the Catalytic Microenvironment of Nanozymes by Membrane-Adhered Microbe Enables Potent Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310063. [PMID: 38153294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis has garnered increasing attention in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, increasing plasma membrane damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered an effective strategy for promoting pyroptosis. However, the current tactics for enhancing membrane rupture in pyroptosis are limited by the inherent drawbacks of ROS and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, a self-adaptive pyroptosis inducer (LPZ) is designed by integrating Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and an enzyme-like metal-organic framework to achieve potent pyroptosis immunotherapy. LPZ can adhere to cancer cell membranes through the interaction between the pili of LGG and the mucin of cancer cells. In particular, the adaptive formula can gradually enhance the ability of nanozymes to produce ROS by creating an acidic microenvironment through anaerobic respiration. These results verify that LPZ could generate high levels of ROS both on the membrane and within cancer cells, leading to pyroptotic cell death and strong antitumor immunity. Meanwhile, LGG are eventually killed by ROS in this process to halt their respiration and prevent potential biosafety concerns. Overall, this work provides new inspiration for the design of self-adaptive nanocatalytic drugs for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Anjun Song
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Sun M, Wang L, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Liu H, Jiang X, Lu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Yue G, Feng B, Rao H, Wu D. Multi-Enzyme Activity of MIL-101 (Fe)-Derived Cascade Nano-Enzymes for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309593. [PMID: 38126566 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of oncology therapy is hampered by high glutathione concentrations, hypoxia, and inefficient activation of cell death mechanisms in cancer cells. In this study, Fe and Mo bimetallic sulfide nanomaterial (FeS2@MoS2) based on metal-organic framework structure is rationally prepared with peroxidase (POD)-, catalase (CAT)-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities and glutathione depletion ability, which can confer versatility for treating tumors and mending wounds. In the lesion area, FeS2@MoS2 with SOD-like activity can facilitate the transformation of superoxide anions (O2 -) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and then the resulting H2O2 serves as a substrate for the Fenton reaction with FMS to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (∙OH). Simultaneously, FeS2@MoS2 has an ability to deplete glutathione (GSH) and catalyze the decomposition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to curb the regeneration of GSH from the source. Thus it can realize effective tumor elimination through synergistic apoptosis-ferroptosis strategy. Based on the alteration of the H2O2 system, free radical production, glutathione depletion and the alleviation of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, FeS2@MoS2 NPS can not only significantly inhibit tumors in vivo and in vitro, but also inhibit multidrug-resistant bacteria and hasten wound healing. It may open the door to the development of cascade nanoplatforms for effective tumor treatment and overcoming wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Liling Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Xianxiang Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Yanying Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hanbing Rao
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
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Wang T, Wu Q, Wang Z, Hu X, Mao X. Engineering hetero-structural iron nanozyme decorated liposome with a self-cascade catalysis performance. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6167-6176. [PMID: 37503826 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based enzyme mimics are considered as acceptable agents in fabricating heterogeneous biocomposites through valency integrations because of their biomedical or biological properties. As the basic substitute, it delights us to utilize Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as metallic enzymes and overcome the limitation of peroxide-like enzymatic activity in physiological conditions. In this work, we present the fabrication of a soy phosphatidylcholine/Fe3O4@Ag/GOx (SFAG) biocomposite as a cascade enzyme, which exhibits a peroxidase-like property in kinetic processes, as shown from an analysis of the glucose detection processes. We also explored the mechanism of an ultrasound & microfluidic approach for the synthesis of SFAG. The resultant SFAG implies a characteristic absorption peak (652 nm), size (55 μm), and surface charge (-32.93 ± 2.58 mV). This is utilized to confirm the peroxidase-like activity by catalyzing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 under physiological conditions. But also, SFAG conveys a positive effect on the peroxidase-like activity at pH = 5.8, 7.4, and 8.0. The Michaelis-Menten parameters (Km) and the Vmax values of H2O2 are 1.914 mM and 1.429 × 10-7 M s-1, which further confirms the catalytic performances of the SFAG structure. The established platform was also used successfully for the determination of glucose in PBS and diluted synthetic blood with excellent sensitivity and stability. The relative selection and sensitivity show that the SFAG structure has a great possibility as a cascade metallic enzyme in chemokinetic works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Xu H, Guo L, Duan W, Liu Y, Shuang S, Dong C. Engineering a gold nanoparticles-carbon dots nanocomposite with pH-flexibility for monitoring hydrogen peroxide released from living cells. Analyst 2023; 148:4012-4019. [PMID: 37486011 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Constructing nanozymes with satisfactory catalytic efficiency under physiological conditions is still in great demand for facilitating the advancement of biocatalysts. We herein present a gold nanoparticles-carbon dots nanocomposite (Au-CDs) as an efficient photo-activated nanozyme for monitoring H2O2 released from living cells. The integration of CDs with AuNPs remarkably accelerates the catalytic activity at neutral pH via engaging Mn3+ ions as the mediators. Meanwhile, the reserved cyclodextrin cavities also enhance the adsorption capacity towards chromogenic substrates through host-guest interactions. Moreover, taking advantage of the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on the photo-oxidation ability of the Au-CDs nanocomposite, the Au-CDs based colorimetric method was able to realize in situ assessment of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released from living cells. This method paves a new way to establish a promising biosensing platform for unraveling biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Lili Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Weijiang Duan
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
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Chen X, Lin Y, Liao J, Zhang J, Zheng C. Light-activated carbon dot nanozyme with scandium for a highly efficient and pH-universal bio-nanozyme cascade colorimetric assay. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37377067 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00927k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanozyme-based colorimetric assays have attracted much attention due to their cost-effectiveness, high stability, and sensitivity. In particular, the catalytic cascade imparted by the biological enzyme is highly selective. However, developing an efficient, one-pot, and pH-universal bio-nanozyme cascade remains challenging. Considering the tunable activity of the photo-activated nanozyme, we herein demonstrated a pH-universal colorimetric assay based on the Sc3+-boosted photocatalytic oxidation of carbon dots (C-dots). As a strong Lewis acid, Sc3+ shows ultra-fast complexation with OH- over a broad pH range and dramatically decreases the pH of the buffer solutions. In addition to regulating the pH, Sc3+ also binds to the C-dots to produce a persistent and strongly oxidizing intermediate based on photo-induced electron transfer. The proposed Sc3+-boosted photocatalytic system was successfully used in a cascade colorimetric assay with biological enzymes for assessing their activity as well as the detection of enzyme inhibitors at neutral and alkaline pH. Instead of designing new nanozymes for catalytic cascades, this work suggests that introducing promoters can be a convenient strategy in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Liao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Geng Z, Cao Z, Liu J. Recent advances in targeted antibacterial therapy basing on nanomaterials. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210117. [PMID: 37323620 PMCID: PMC10191045 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. Despite the fact that antibiotics have provided successful management in bacterial infections, the long-term overconsumption and abuse of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. To address this challenge, nanomaterials with intrinsic antibacterial properties or that serve as drug carriers have been substantially developed as an alternative to fight against bacterial infection. Systematically and deeply understanding the antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials is extremely important for designing new therapeutics. Recently, nanomaterials-mediated targeted bacteria depletion in either a passive or active manner is one of the most promising approaches for antibacterial treatment by increasing local concentration around bacterial cells to enhance inhibitory activity and reduce side effects. Passive targeting approach is widely explored by searching nanomaterial-based alternatives to antibiotics, while active targeting strategy relies on biomimetic or biomolecular surface feature that can selectively recognize targeted bacteria. In this review article, we summarize the recent developments in the field of targeted antibacterial therapy based on nanomaterials, which will promote more innovative thinking focusing on the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Qingdao Cancer InstituteQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zhenping Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Multifunctional Hybrid Nanozymes for Magnetic Enrichment and Bioelectrocatalytic Sensing of Circulating Tumor RNA during Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanozymes are a form of nanomaterial with both superparamagnetic and enzyme-mimicking properties. Ongoing research efforts have been made to create multifunctional iron oxide hybrid nanozymes with auxiliary properties through biomolecular modifications. Such iron oxide hybrid nanozymes can be useful for rapid and cost-effective analysis of circulating tumor nucleic acids (ctNAs) in patient liquid biopsies during minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring of cancer recurrence. Herein, the use of streptavidin-modified iron oxide hybrid nanozymes is reported for magnetic enrichment and bioelectrocatalytic sensing of three prostate cancer (PCa) ctRNA biomarkers with high detection specificity and sensitivity (10 copies) over an ultrabroad dynamic range (five orders of magnitude). Furthermore, the feasibility of ctRNA analysis for pre- and post-cancer treatment MRD monitoring is demonstrated using PCa urinary liquid biopsy samples.
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Chen X, Liao J, Lin Y, Zhang J, Zheng C. Nanozyme's catalytic activity at neutral pH: reaction substrates and application in sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04525-w. [PMID: 36633622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes exhibit their great potential as alternatives to natural enzymes. In addition to catalytic activity, nanozymes also need to have biologically relevant catalytic reactions at physiological pH to fit in the definition of an enzyme and to achieve efficient analytical applications. Previous reviews in the nanozyme field mainly focused on the catalytic mechanisms, activity regulation, and types of catalytic reactions. In this paper, we discuss efforts made on the substrate-dependent catalytic activity of nanozymes at neutral pH. First, the discrepant catalytic activities for different substrates are compared, where the key differences are the characteristics of substrates and the adsorption of substrates by nanozymes at different pH. We then reviewed efforts to enhance reaction activity for model chromogenic substrates and strategies to engineer nanomaterials to accelerate reaction rates for other substrates at physiological pH. Finally, we also discussed methods to achieve efficient sensing applications at neutral pH using nanozymes. We believe that the nanozyme is catching up with enzymes rapidly in terms of reaction rates and reaction conditions. Designing nanozymes with specific catalysis for efficient sensing remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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11
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Liang H, Liu Y, Qileng A, Shen H, Liu W, Xu Z, Liu Y. PEI-coated Prussian blue nanocubes as pH-Switchable nanozyme: Broad-pH-responsive immunoassay for illegal additive. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114797. [PMID: 36252313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes are commonly used in the construction of immunosensors, yet they are generally susceptible to pH condition, which greatly hindered their practical use. To break the limitation of pH conditions, polyethyleneimine-coated Prussian blue nanocubes (PBNCs@PEI) were synthesized as the pH-switchable nanozyme, which can show peroxidase-like and catalase-like activity in acidic and alkaline condition, respectively. Besides, the modification of PEI can largely improve the catalytic activity of PBNCs. Herein, the pH-switchable catalytic property of PBNCs@PEI was used to construct the dual-mode immunosensor for the detection of illegal additive, rosiglitazone. In acidic condition, PBNCs@PEI showed excellent peroxidase-like activity, which can trigger the colorimetric reaction of Au nanostars with TMB2+/CTAB. In alkaline condition, the catalase-like activity of PBNCs@PEI prevailed, thus the decomposition of H2O2 can generate O2 to initiate the aerobic oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN), which can decrease the fluorescence intensity of 4-CN. Based on the competitive immunoassay, both the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength shift of Au nanostars and the fluorescence intensity change of 4-CN were quantitatively related with rosiglitazone concentration, thus shedding a new light on the construction of broad-pH-responsive immunosensor. Besides, a smart device was developed to transfer the chroma value of Au nanostars into the RSG concentration, making this sensor a promising method in on-site and point-of-care detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Aori Qileng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoran Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yingju Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Enzyme-Mimetic nano-immunosensors for amplified detection of food hazards: Recent advances and future trends. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Yan LX, Wang BB, Zhao X, Chen LJ, Yan XP. A pH-Responsive Persistent Luminescence Nanozyme for Selective Imaging and Killing of Helicobacter pylori and Common Resistant Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60955-60965. [PMID: 34904434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is implicated in the etiology of many diseases. H. pylori eradication by antibiotic therapy is limited by the extreme acidic environment in the stomach, the undesired side effect of intestinal commensal bacteria, and the development of drug resistance. Here, we report a pH-responsive persistent luminescence (PL) nanozyme (MSPLNP-Au-CB) for in vivo imaging and inactivation of H. pylori. This PL nanozyme is composed of mesoporous silica (MS)-coated persistent luminescence nanoparticles (MSPLNP), Au nanoparticles (AuNP), and chitosan-benzeneboronic acid (CB), taking advantage of the long PL of PLNP to realize autofluorescence-free imaging, the pH-activated oxidase- and peroxidase-like nanozyme activity of AuNP, and the bacterial binding capacity of CB. The MSPLNP-Au-CB nanozyme can resist the corrosion of gastric acid and exhibit pH-activated dual nanozyme activity to catalyze bactericidal reactive oxygen species generation. This multifunctional nanozyme enables targeted imaging and activated deactivation of H. pylori under extreme gastric acid conditions as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in common slightly acidic environments, while it has no side effects on the commensal bacteria and normal cells in normal physiological environments. This work provides a promising PL nanozyme platform for bioimaging and therapy of bacterial infection under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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14
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Zhang J, Wang J, Liao J, Lin Y, Zheng C, Liu J. In Situ Fabrication of Nanoceria with Oxidase-like Activity at Neutral pH: Mechanism and Boosted Bio-Nanozyme Cascades. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50236-50245. [PMID: 34636532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic cascades have drawn much attention by avoiding the isolation of intermediates and due to high atom economy. Yet, developing an efficient, one-pot biocatalytic cascade remains challenging. Combined with the selectivity of biological enzymes and tunable activity of nanozymes, we herein demonstrate an effective bio-nanozyme cascade formed by glucose oxidase (GOx) and in situ-generated nanoceria. The prepared H2O2-nanoceria complex shows strong oxidative activity for common chromogenic substrates under physiological conditions, which are the optimal reaction conditions for most biological enzymes. Interestingly, GOx not only provides H2O2 for the second step reaction but also simultaneously leads to 7.4-fold enhancement of activity. We characterized the process of in situ generation of nanoceria at pH 7.0 and how proteins boost the activity by enhancing product desorption. In addition, the proposed one-pot bio-nanozyme cascade shows high stability and analytical performance for serum glucose with a detection limit of 5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Enzymes have catalytic turnovers. The field of nanozyme endeavors to engineer nanomaterials as enzyme mimics. However, a discrepancy in the definition of "nanozyme concentration" has led to an unrealistic calculation of nanozyme catalytic turnovers. To date, most of the reported works have considered either the atomic concentration or nanoparticle (NP) concentration as nanozyme concentration. These assumptions can lead to a significant under- or overestimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes. In this article, we review some classic nanozymes including Fe3O4, CeO2, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a focus on the reported catalytic activities. We argue that only the surface atoms should be considered as nanozyme active sites, and then the turnover numbers and rates were recalculated based on the surface atoms. According to the calculations, the catalytic turnover of peroxidase Fe3O4 NPs is validated. AuNPs are self-limited when performing glucose-oxidase like activity, but they are also true catalysts. For CeO2 NPs, a self-limited behavior is observed for both oxidase- and phosphatase-like activities due to the adsorption of reaction products. Moreover, the catalytic activity of single-atom nanozymes is discussed. Finally, a few suggestions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Zandieh
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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16
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Chen L, Xing S, Lei Y, Chen Q, Zou Z, Quan K, Qing Z, Liu J, Yang R. A Glucose‐Powered Activatable Nanozyme Breaking pH and H
2
O
2
Limitations for Treating Diabetic Infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Shuohui Xing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yanli Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Qiaoshu Chen
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhen Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Ke Quan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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17
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Chen L, Xing S, Lei Y, Chen Q, Zou Z, Quan K, Qing Z, Liu J, Yang R. A Glucose-Powered Activatable Nanozyme Breaking pH and H 2 O 2 Limitations for Treating Diabetic Infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23534-23539. [PMID: 34378279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The peroxidase-like activity of nanozymes is promising for chemodynamic therapy by catalyzing H2 O2 into . OH. However, for most nanozymes, this activity is optimal just in acidic solutions, while the pH of most physiological systems is beyond 7.0 (even >8.0 in chronic wounds) with inadequate H2 O2 . We herein communicate an activatable nanozyme with targeting capability to simultaneously break the local pH and H2 O2 limitations under physiological conditions. As a proof of concept, aptamer-functionalized nanozymes, glucose oxidase, and hyaluronic acid constitute an activatable nanocapsule "APGH", which can be activated by bacteria-secreted hyaluronidase in infected wounds. Nanozymes bind onto bacteria through aptamer recognition, and glucose oxidation tunes the local pH down and supplements H2 O2 for the in-situ generation of . OH on bacteria surfaces. The activity switching and enhanced antibacterial effect of the nanocapsule were verified in vitro and in diabetic wounds. This strategy for directly regulating local microenvironment is generally accessible for nanozymes, and significant for facilitating biological applications of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Shuohui Xing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yanli Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Qiaoshu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhen Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Ke Quan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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18
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Wu Y, Darland DC, Zhao JX. Nanozymes-Hitting the Biosensing "Target". SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5201. [PMID: 34372441 PMCID: PMC8348677 DOI: 10.3390/s21155201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent catalytic activities with low cost, high operational robustness, and a stable shelf-life. More importantly, they are amenable to modifications that can change their surface structures and increase the range of their applications. There are three main classes of nanozymes including the peroxidase-like, the oxidase-like, and the antioxidant nanozymes. Each of these classes catalyzes a specific group of reactions. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the variety of applications for nanozymes in diverse fields has expanded dramatically, with the most popular applications in biosensing. Nanozyme-based novel biosensors have been designed to detect ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. The current review focuses on the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, their application in biosensing, and the identification of future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Diane C. Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Julia Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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19
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Ma H, Wang L, Li Y, Wei Y. Guanosine-rich aptamers@Cu 2O nanoparticles: enhanced peroxidase activity and specific recognition capability at neutral pH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:643-646. [PMID: 33346274 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06877b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The decoration of Cu2O nanoparticles with guanosine-rich aptamers can significantly enhance their peroxidase activity at neutral pH and endow them with specific recognition capabilities. Both the phosphate backbone and guanine of the aptamers contribute to the enhancement. The excellent enzyme-like properties of this Cu2O-aptamer system make it a versatile platform for the development of neutral pH biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Yanhui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China.
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20
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Li Y, Liu J. Nanozyme's catching up: activity, specificity, reaction conditions and reaction types. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:336-350. [PMID: 34821258 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes aim to mimic enzyme activities. In addition to catalytic activity, nanozymes also need to have specificity and catalyze biologically relevant reactions under physiological conditions to fit in the definition of enzyme and to set nanozymes apart from typical inorganic catalysts. Previous discussions in the nanozyme field mainly focused on the types of reactions or certain analytical, biomedical or environmental applications. In this article, we discuss efforts made to mimic enzymes. First, the catalytic cycles are compared, where a key difference is specific substrate binding by enzymes versus non-specific substrate adsorption by nanozymes. We then reviewed efforts to engineer and surface-modify nanomaterials to accelerate reaction rates, strategies to graft affinity ligands and molecularly imprinted polymers to achieve specific catalysis, and methods to bring nanozyme reactions to neutral pH and ambient temperature. Most of the current nanozyme reactions used a few model chromogenic substrates of no biological relevance. Therefore, we also reviewed efforts to catalyze the conversion of biomolecules and biopolymers using nanozymes. By the efforts to close the gaps between nanozymes and enzymes, we believe nanozymes are catching up rapidly. Still, challenges exist in materials design to further improve nanozymes as true enzyme mimics and achieve impactful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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